2295:
2287:
332:
1271:
1235:
2227:
Victoria saw the number of local councils reduced from 210 to 78. South
Australia, Tasmania and Queensland saw some reductions in the number of local governments while Western Australia and New South Wales rejected compulsory mergers. New South Wales eventually forced the merging of some councils. The main purpose of amalgamating councils was for greater efficiency and to improve operations, but forced amalgamation of councils is sometimes seen as a dilution of
172:
2104:
337:
1259:
2714:
1243:
2700:
985:
49:
4787:
2136:
approvals, and local services such as waste disposal. Child care, tourism and urban renewal were also beginning to be part of local governments' role. These are financed by collection of local land taxes known as "rates", and grants from the state and
Commonwealth governments. They are caricatured as being concerned only with the "three Rs": Rates, Roads and Rubbish.
4853:
4881:
4815:
3527:
2135:
The councils' chief responsibility in the first half of the 20th century was the provision of physical infrastructure such as roads, bridges and sewerage. From the 1970s the emphasis changed to community facilities such as libraries and parks, maintenance of local roads, town planning and development
1467:
Almost all local councils have the same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their naming, and retain a particular designation ("shire", "borough", "town", "city") for historical reasons only. They will typically have an elected council and usually a mayor or shire
2445:
Many
Canberra districts have community organisations called "community councils", but these are not part of the government (though they generally receive government funding). They do not have the power to change laws or policies, and their role is limited to advising government. They are effectively
2234:
An increase in the range of services offered by councils, but only minor cost savings of less than 10% have been noted by academics as outcomes after mergers. The council mergers have resulted in widespread job losses and lingering resentment from some whose roles have experienced a larger workload.
2139:
However, the roles of local government areas in
Australia have recently expanded as higher levels of government have devolved activities to the third tier. Examples include the provision of community health services, regional airports and pollution control as well as community safety and accessible
2400:
Unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. Aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of
Australia is part of a local government area. Unincorporated areas are often in
2206:
followed, both in 1842. All of these early forms failed; it was not until the 1860s and 1870s that the various colonies established widespread stable forms of local government, mainly for the purpose of raising money to build roads in rural and outer-urban regions. Council representatives attended
2131:
command more resources due to their larger population base. Unlike local governments in many other countries, services such as police, fire protection and schools are provided by respective state or territory governments rather than by local councils. However, local governments still maintain some
2226:
Significant reforms took place in the 1980s and 1990s in which state governments used metrics and efficiency analysis developed within the private sector in the local government arena. Each state conducted an inquiry into the benefits of council amalgamations during the 1990s. In the early 1990s,
1316:
Although all essentially identical in functions and jurisdictions, Australian local governments have a variety of different titles. The term "local government area" (LGA) is used by the ABS to collectively refer to all local government administrative zones regardless of the varying designations,
4766:
2140:
transport. The changes in services has been described as a shift from 'services to property' towards 'services to people'. Community expectations of local government in
Australia have risen in the 21st century partly as a result of wider participation in
4759:
2899:
The
Australian Capital Territory does not have a separate system of local government such as that seen in other states and the Northern Territory. Local government functions in the ACT are instead handled directly by the Territory government. The
2945:
All LGAs in New South Wales that are not cities are classified as "areas" in the Local
Government Act. Some may choose to retain their titles held under older versions of the act, tabulated here. Others have no title and refer to themselves as "
4752:
2330:
level, and are similar throughout
Australia, but can vary to some degree between jurisdictions. State departments oversee the activities of local councils and may intervene in their affairs when needed, subject to relevant legislation.
4025:
2584:. Most services that would normally be provided by a council, such as waste collection and recreation facilities, are absent from these islands. On French Island, maintenance of roads and roadsides is carried out by
1189:
Despite the single tier of local governance in
Australia, there are a number of extensive regions with relatively low populations that are not a part of any established LGA. Powers of local governments in these
2186:
Constitution of Australia. "Municipal institutions and local government" appears in Annotation 447, and "Power of the Parliament of a Colony" appears under "Residuary Legislative Powers" on pages 935 and 936.
2242:
has also been a factor in local government reform in Australia. In 1995, there were 50 such agreements across the country. A 2002 study identified 55 ROCs with the largest involving 18 councils.
2151:
Recent years have seen some State governments devolving additional powers onto LGAs. In Queensland and Western Australia LGAs have been granted the power to independently enact their own local
4087:
706:
3393:
2672:
2253:
Local government is mentioned in the annotated Australian constitution, as a department of the State Governments, and they are mentioned in the constitutions of each of the six states.
1059:
763:
4869:
4030:
2257:
2250:
Local government powers are determined by state governments, and states have primary responsibility for funding and exclusive responsibility for supervision of local councils.
1104:
693:
628:
785:
2548:, 63% of the state's area is unincorporated. Residents in this area – less than 0.2% of the state's population – receive municipal services provided by a state agency, the
4139:
4097:
2739:
2268:
385:
364:
4348:
3302:
4718:
4215:
3648:
3255:
2343:
1557:
758:
521:
511:
2780:
2442:
handles responsibilities that are under the purview of local government in other parts of Australia, such as local road maintenance, libraries and waste collection.
3743:
2956:
1480:. The powers of mayors vary as well; for example, mayors in Queensland have broad executive functions, whereas mayors in New South Wales are essentially ceremonial
548:
538:
4072:
2424:
2264:
1562:
66:
2218:
expanded the level of funding to local governments in Australia beyond grants for road construction. General purpose grants become available for the first time.
4383:
530:
2815:
The Development of Local Government in Australia, Focusing on NSW: From Road Builder to Planning Agency to Servant of the State Government and Developmentalism
3144:
4947:
4932:
2278:
Federal government interaction with local councils happens regularly through the provision of federal grants to help fund local government managed projects.
417:
4942:
4903:
4358:
4265:
3708:
2749:
2378:
1542:
1052:
743:
4211:
3643:
2826:
1432:
they are designated as "rural city". Historically, the word "borough" was common for small towns and suburban centers in Victoria, but nowadays only the
4836:
4235:
4205:
3672:
3636:
2744:
2358:
2338:
1732:
1547:
1527:
1507:
825:
748:
728:
4174:
4132:
3851:
2496:, 1.47% of the total area and 3.0% of the population are in unincorporated areas. These include the Cox-Daly and Marrakai-Douglas Daly areas in the
2267:
sought to explicitly insert mention of local government in the federal constitution but this was comprehensively defeated. A further referendum was
807:
803:
792:
4864:
4546:
3988:
3269:
2914:
2734:
633:
879:
864:
4922:
4841:
4803:
4343:
4276:
4149:
4107:
1518:
The following table provides a summary of local government areas by states and territories by local government area types as of December 2023:
1210:. The administrative area covered by local government councils in Australia ranges from as small as 1.5 km (0.58 sq mi) for the
1045:
656:
869:
4261:
3795:
3703:
2439:
1124:
1026:
282:
4572:
113:
4448:
4298:
4225:
4154:
4112:
3827:
3660:
3398:
2352:
1537:
1301:
and the surrounding regions (normally performed by local governments in other states) are performed by the ACT territorial government. The
377:
2483:). This area is sparsely populated. Local government functions in this area are managed directly by the state government and its agencies.
2170:
have shaped state government legislation towards increased freedoms aiming to allow greater flexibility on the part of local governments.
859:
85:
2848:
4231:
4201:
4164:
4122:
4010:
3817:
3736:
3667:
3631:
2682:
1457:
1088:
674:
353:
35:
1436:
remains as the one and only borough in the entire country. New South Wales and Queensland have also introduced a new term "region" for
4937:
4673:
4255:
4245:
4020:
3696:
3684:
3227:
3054:
3008:
2372:
2363:
2239:
2160:
1552:
1532:
1159:
753:
264:
4683:
92:
4892:
3611:
3086:
2501:
2152:
851:
688:
132:
4181:
4000:
3982:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
2272:
1116:
838:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
4597:
4057:
3531:
3115:
2901:
2645:
2432:
1449:
1302:
1147:
931:
916:
646:
428:
396:
99:
4723:
4587:
3473:
2427:
is responsible for both state-level and local-level matters. In some countries, such an arrangement would be referred to as a
2260:
sought to amend the Constitution to authorise the federal government to directly fund local governments, but it was defeated.
874:
4927:
4221:
4144:
4102:
3805:
3729:
3655:
3294:
3177:
2476:
2348:
2123:
All local governments are approximately equal in their theoretical powers, although LGAs that encompass large cities such as
776:
738:
661:
70:
4333:
3233:
3183:
3060:
3014:
2294:
2286:
2064:
The Australian Classification of Local Governments (ACLG) categorises local governing authorities using the population, the
1412:
council/shire" and "island" are used in addition. The word "municipality" occurs in some states with differing meanings: in
889:
884:
4733:
4744:
4693:
4678:
4650:
4607:
4338:
4169:
4159:
4127:
4117:
4077:
4062:
4042:
3876:
3866:
3773:
3559:
3451:
2773:
2678:
2549:
2521:
1374:
951:
926:
623:
290:
216:
81:
4617:
2967:
4713:
4318:
4251:
4241:
3691:
3679:
2561:
2420:
2388:
is not divided into local government areas, so it is regarded as a single "unincorporated" local government area during
2385:
2368:
2318:
of the state/territory it belongs to. The functions and practices of local councils are mostly centered around managing
2108:
1294:
1219:
1207:
733:
4708:
4688:
3564:
4539:
4294:
3788:
3778:
2577:
1031:
247:
3554:
2585:
1388:
Sometimes designations other than "city" or "shire" are used in the names of LGAs, and today the stylised titles of "
1448:
does not mandate adopting a designation, some local government areas are legally known simply as "council", such as
4826:
4703:
4290:
3140:
2529:
2509:
2505:
1120:
1108:
961:
815:
503:
459:
4582:
3480:. 10 September 2024. (follow the link to "Determination that Specified Areas are Designated Bushfire Prone Areas")
3446:
4728:
4632:
4047:
3846:
2602:
2179:
1488:
1251:
1215:
1211:
1096:
921:
181:
4627:
4698:
4655:
4622:
4612:
4602:
4592:
4577:
3993:
2822:
2606:
2573:
2447:
2228:
1011:
830:
638:
331:
2813:
2626:
2159:. Councils also have organised their own representative structures such as Local Government Associations and
1127:, there is only one tier of local government in each Australian state/territory, with no distinction between
4776:
4478:
3834:
3812:
3579:
2649:
2208:
1433:
966:
946:
941:
451:
323:
313:
59:
2878:
106:
4532:
4498:
4473:
4398:
4323:
4035:
3839:
3499:
2637:
is treated as an unincorporated area by the Victorian Government for the purposes of formally designating
2614:
2469:
2311:
2145:
2112:
1604:
1572:
1409:
1247:
1163:
1016:
996:
971:
956:
911:
701:
574:
556:
441:
409:
4493:
4328:
4302:
4286:
4052:
3768:
3752:
3604:
2729:
2638:
2167:
1310:
1143:
1092:
902:
484:
237:
200:
157:
31:
2256:
Under the Constitution, the federal government cannot provide funding directly to local governments; a
1270:
1234:
4453:
4438:
4428:
4067:
3783:
2566:
1445:
1429:
1199:
683:
300:
4433:
4393:
3324:
2480:
2389:
1972:
1306:
1274:
1191:
820:
17:
3544:– Spreadsheet of population data for local government areas in the 2006 and 2011 Australian census
4503:
4418:
4368:
3856:
3249:
2493:
2215:
2128:
2065:
1473:
1453:
1344:
1290:
1175:
494:
489:
30:
This article is about the third-level government division in Australia. For the first level, see
4831:
4313:
3822:
3800:
3223:
3173:
3050:
3004:
2856:
2754:
2661:
2533:
2428:
2303:
2199:
1503:
1441:
1425:
1340:
1286:
1278:
1021:
1006:
345:
293:
1468:
president responsible for chairing meetings of the council. In some councils, the mayor is a
4513:
4463:
4443:
3597:
3560:
Australian Bureau of Statistics: Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC) 2005
2705:
2668:
2589:
2581:
2465:
2211:, however local government was unquestionably regarded as outside the Constitutional realm.
2195:
2124:
1496:
1469:
1112:
989:
651:
561:
255:
3349:
1460:. Some rural areas in South Australia are known as "district council", and all the LGAs in
171:
4378:
4308:
2719:
2592:
is responsible for food safety of commercial premises. The Victorian Government maintains
2545:
2458:
2141:
2103:
1417:
1413:
1378:
1348:
1223:
1001:
541:
474:
462:
3325:"Proposal to incorporate unincorporated areas in the Cox-Daly and Marrakai-Douglas Dalys"
3082:
1416:
it is typically used for older urban areas, and the word is used for some rural towns in
3528:"Table 1: Population growth and turnover in Local Government Areas (LGAs), 2006 to 2011"
1258:
4508:
2622:
2593:
2525:
2517:
2319:
2307:
2203:
1263:
1206:; or directly administered by state/territory governments, such as the entirety of the
1195:
1115:
were unsuccessful. Every state/territory government recognises local government in its
514:
336:
272:
2713:
4916:
4468:
4413:
4388:
2610:
2191:
1382:
479:
469:
3219:
Local Government Reform: A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Anglo-American Countries
3108:
1499:, the most populous LGA in the country, which administers a significant part of the
4423:
4403:
4373:
3421:
3000:
Local Government in a Global World: Australia and Canada in Comparative Perspective
2618:
2315:
2132:
responsibility for fire service functions within Queensland and Western Australia.
1761:
1492:
1397:
1364:
1360:
1242:
420:
3217:
3167:
3044:
2998:
4790:
4458:
4408:
3589:
2634:
1318:
388:
208:
48:
4786:
4856:
4524:
4483:
3569:
2695:
2404:
2116:
2069:
1822:
1481:
1477:
1421:
1326:
1203:
1179:
1100:
1076:
795:
399:
367:
224:
4884:
4818:
3760:
2513:
2327:
1080:
936:
356:
2904:
refers to the whole of the ACT as an unincorporated local government area.
2198:
followed, created by the province of South Australia in October 1840. The
4488:
2408:
2323:
2183:
1506:. In most cases, when a city's population statistics are used, it is the
1500:
1461:
1401:
1298:
1084:
190:
3721:
4852:
2497:
2156:
1790:
1700:
1636:
1575:
1437:
1393:
1322:
1167:
1139:
4880:
4814:
3555:
July 2008 maps, Australian Standard Geographical Classification (ASGC)
2576:
is an unincorporated area, as are two nearby privately-owned islands,
2194:, established in 1838, only three years after British settlement. The
2411:
are entirely partitioned into LGAs and have no unincorporated areas.
1405:
1330:
1309:" local government area, even though it is technically a state-level
1128:
2569:
has a number of unincorporated areas which are not part of any LGA:
2401:
remote locations, cover vast areas, or have very small populations.
2298:
New South Wales LGAs by largest council faction as of December 2022.
1174:" also have a geographic or historical interpretation. The council
3109:"The annotated constitution of the Australian Commonwealth (1901)"
3083:"The annotated constitution of the Australian Commonwealth (1901)"
2293:
2285:
2102:
1855:
1607:
1444:
of smaller shires and rural cities. In New South Wales, where the
1369:
1356:
1352:
1269:
1257:
1241:
1233:
1186:. As of August 2016, there were 547 local councils in Australia.
1183:
1171:
2334:
For more details in each state and territory, see the following:
2072:
for the council. The classification, at the two-digit level, is:
2068:
and the proportion of the population that is classified as being
1464:
that were previously municipalities have been renamed "council".
1218:, to as big as 624,339 km (241,059 sq mi) for the
3216:
Dollery, Brian E.; Joseph Garcea, Edward C. Lasage, Jr. (2008).
2886:
2648:
includes numerous other uninhabited offshore islands, including
1888:
1825:
1665:
1389:
1335:
1132:
4748:
4528:
3725:
3593:
3574:
2853:
Expert Panel on Constitutional Recognition of Local Government
1484:
who can only exercise power at the discretion of the council.
846:
42:
3371:
2290:
Victoria LGAs by largest council faction as of December 2022.
1297:
has no separate local government, and municipal functions in
2671:, which are officially uninhabited and controlled by the WA
170:
3584:
2435:
refers to the whole of the ACT as an unincorporated area.
2673:
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development
2190:
The first official local government in Australia was the
1420:. Larger towns and small metropolitan exurban centres in
1162:(roughly equivalent to neighborhoods) often of different
3500:"2021 Unincorporated Vic, Census All persons QuickStats"
2652:, in its definition of unincorporated areas of Victoria.
2562:
Local government in Victoria § Unincorporated areas
4904:
Table of administrative country subdivisions by country
2774:"Democracy in Australia – Australia's political system"
3394:"French Island, Sandstone Island and Elizabeth Island"
2855:. Australian Government. December 2011. Archived from
2479:
covers the western third of the state (other than the
1472:
figure, but in most cases the mayor is elected by the
1198:
established outside of the local legislation, as with
1138:
The Australian local government is generally run by a
2997:
Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel; John Francis Martin (2010).
2964:
Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development
2883:
Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development
2849:"Appendix G Local government in State constitutions"
4878:
4850:
4812:
4784:
4664:
4641:
4560:
4357:
4275:
4190:
4086:
4009:
3865:
3759:
73:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3046:The Theory and Practice of Local Government Reform
2740:Australian Local Government Fossil Fuel Divestment
1510:population rather than the local government area.
1487:Most of the capital city LGAs administer only the
1119:. Unlike the two-tier local government system in
3580:Local Government and Planning Ministers' Council
2344:Local government areas of the Northern Territory
1305:(ABS), however, considers the entire ACT as an "
3585:Local Government & Municipal Knowledge Base
3169:Australian Local Government: Reform and Renewal
3003:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 82–84.
2966:. July 2015. p. Appendix F. Archived from
2821:. World Planning Schools Congress 2011. Perth:
2681:in central Perth, which is administered by the
2302:Local government in Australia has very limited
2178:There is no mention of local government in the
1266:council, a local government area within Sydney.
3372:"Welcome to the Outback Communities Authority"
2182:, though it is mentioned several times in the
4760:
4540:
3737:
3605:
3327:. Northern Territory Government. 21 July 2017
2271:, but was cancelled due to the change in the
1053:
531:Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia
8:
3270:"2016 Census QuickStats: Unincorporated ACT"
3254:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2915:"2016 Census QuickStats: Unincorporated ACT"
2745:List of local government areas by population
3222:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 18–19.
3049:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 93–96.
3043:Dollery, Brian E.; Lorenzo Robotti (2008).
2750:List of local government areas of Australia
2379:Local government areas of Western Australia
1166:; however, stylised terms such as "city", "
1095:. Local government is not mentioned in the
4767:
4753:
4745:
4547:
4533:
4525:
3744:
3730:
3722:
3612:
3598:
3590:
3166:Dollery, Brian E.; Marshall, Neil (1997).
2957:"Local Government National Report 2013–14"
1520:
1285:Local governments are subdivisions of the
1060:
1046:
144:
3447:"French Island Emergency Management Plan"
2359:Local government areas of South Australia
2339:Local government areas of New South Wales
133:Learn how and when to remove this message
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2155:, in contrast to the previous system of
1182:, and the head councillor is called the
3352:. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2023
3344:
3342:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2765:
2735:Australian Local Government Association
2076:RA – Rural Agricultural
786:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
180:
156:
150:This article is part of a series on the
3247:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
2440:Transport Canberra & City Services
2079:RS – Rural Significant
1111:to alter the Constitution relating to
3172:. Macmillan Education AU. p. 4.
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2629:, a State Government-appointed board.
1428:simply use the term "town", while in
1158:, each of which encompasses multiple
7:
3399:Department of Transport and Planning
3305:from the original on 3 February 2016
2829:from the original on 11 October 2016
2786:from the original on 27 January 2014
2353:Local government areas of Queensland
2088:UD – Urban Developed
1238:Local government areas in Australia.
1194:may be exercised by special-purpose
71:adding citations to reliable sources
4948:Administrative divisions in Oceania
4933:Local government areas of Australia
3426:French Island Community Association
3350:"Region summary: Unincorporated NT"
2683:Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority
2094:UR – Urban Regional
1514:Local governments by type and state
36:States and territories of Australia
27:Third-level government in Australia
18:Local government areas of Australia
4943:Lists of subdivisions of Australia
4036:State and Territory Shadow Cabinet
3575:Local Government Focus (newspaper)
3121:from the original on 11 April 2014
3089:from the original on 25 March 2014
2373:Local government areas of Victoria
2364:Local government areas of Tasmania
2314:-wise is subject to the exclusive
2240:Regional Organisations of Councils
2161:Regional Organisations of Councils
2085:UC – Urban Capital
1146:is referred to generically by the
25:
2502:Northern Territory Rates Act Area
2423:(ACT) has no municipalities. The
2091:UF – Urban Fringe
2082:RT – Rural Remote
4879:
4851:
4813:
4785:
3274:quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au
3186:from the original on 15 May 2016
3147:from the original on 4 July 2013
3017:from the original on 27 May 2016
2919:quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au
2885:. 17 August 2016. Archived from
2712:
2698:
2601:Victoria's six alpine resorts –
983:
839:Australia and the United Nations
335:
330:
47:
3532:Australian Bureau of Statistics
3504:Australian Bureau of Statistics
3374:. Government of South Australia
3236:from the original on 2 May 2016
3063:from the original on 1 May 2016
2902:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2646:Australian Bureau of Statistics
2586:Forest Fire Management Victoria
2438:The ACT Government directorate
2433:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1450:Port Macquarie-Hastings Council
1321:itself is generally known as a
1303:Australian Bureau of Statistics
1148:Australian Bureau of Statistics
82:"Local government in Australia"
58:needs additional citations for
4870:Federated States of Micronesia
4573:Federated States of Micronesia
3474:"Bushfire mapping and reviews"
2812:Kelly, A. H. (4–8 July 2011).
2664:has two unincorporated areas:
2625:– are managed and serviced by
2596:powers over all three islands.
2477:Unincorporated Far West Region
2461:has two unincorporated areas:
2349:Local government in Queensland
1:
4923:Local government in Australia
3621:Local government in Australia
3452:Emergency Management Victoria
2550:Outback Communities Authority
1495:. A notable exception is the
1375:Shire of Mornington Peninsula
4026:Premiers and Chief Ministers
4021:Governors and Administrators
2779:. Australian Collaboration.
2623:Mount Stirling Alpine Resort
2472:, a State Government agency.
2421:Australian Capital Territory
2415:Australian Capital Territory
2386:Australian Capital Territory
2369:Local government in Victoria
2109:Moreton Bay Regional Council
1524:Local government area types
1408:", "community government", "
1295:Australian Capital Territory
1220:Pastoral Unincorporated Area
1208:Australian Capital Territory
1083:, administered with limited
1027:Australian Capital Territory
689:Premiers and chief ministers
684:Governors and administrators
34:. For the second level, see
4555:Local government in Oceania
2611:Mount Baw Baw Alpine Resort
2607:Lake Mountain Alpine Resort
1317:whilst the local governing
1117:own respective constitution
639:Referendums and plebiscites
4964:
4031:Parliaments and Assemblies
2619:Mount Hotham Alpine Resort
2615:Mount Buller Alpine Resort
2559:
2506:Darwin Waterfront Precinct
2005:
1971:
1919:
1887:
1854:
1821:
1789:
1760:
1731:
1699:
1664:
1635:
1603:
1571:
1489:central business districts
1091:, and in turn beneath the
694:Parliaments and assemblies
557:State and territory courts
504:Federal Court of Australia
29:
4938:Subdivisions of Australia
4901:
4775:Articles on second-level
3796:Federal Executive Council
3627:
3422:"Transport on the island"
2603:Falls Creek Alpine Resort
2180:Constitution of Australia
1252:Berrigan, New South Wales
1230:Types of local government
1216:Perth metropolitan region
1212:Shire of Peppermint Grove
1097:Constitution of Australia
283:Federal Executive Council
4777:administrative divisions
4719:Northern Mariana Islands
3818:House of Representatives
3295:"ACT community councils"
2823:University of Wollongong
2229:representative democracy
624:Federal electoral system
378:House of Representatives
4684:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4479:Parliamentary secretary
4449:Independent politicians
2650:Lady Julia Percy Island
2627:Alpine Resorts Victoria
2448:residents' associations
2282:State/territory control
2246:Constitutional position
1434:Borough of Queenscliffe
1178:are generally known as
1142:, and its territory of
707:State electoral systems
452:High Court of Australia
4499:Responsible government
4399:Contempt of parliament
3852:Statute of Westminster
3570:australianpolitics.com
2470:Lord Howe Island Board
2299:
2291:
2153:subsidiary legislation
2148:management practices.
2120:
1359:LGA covering a larger
1282:
1267:
1255:
1248:Berrigan Shire Council
1239:
1089:states and territories
1075:is the third level of
804:Diplomatic missions of
676:States and territories
175:
4928:Politics of Australia
4779:of Oceanian countries
4667:and other territories
3753:Politics of Australia
3565:Australian Government
3143:. City of Melbourne.
2730:Australian Government
2297:
2289:
2168:New Public Management
2106:
1367:is usually called a "
1311:administrative region
1277:, the offices of the
1273:
1261:
1245:
1237:
1160:suburbs or localities
1152:local government area
1144:public administration
324:Australian Parliament
265:Deputy Prime Minister
174:
32:Australian Government
4454:Kirribilli agreement
4439:Hardworking Families
4394:Chardonnay socialist
3478:Victorian Government
2396:Unincorporated areas
2196:Adelaide Corporation
2099:Powers and functions
1508:statistical division
1446:Local Government Act
1287:six federated states
1192:unincorporated areas
990:Australia portal
67:improve this article
4434:Group voting ticket
2973:on 17 February 2016
2889:on 10 October 2016.
2481:City of Broken Hill
2207:conventions before
1440:LGAs formed by the
1275:Melbourne Town Hall
629:Electoral divisions
4504:Stolen Generations
4419:Double dissolution
4212:Northern Territory
3644:Northern Territory
3534:. 25 November 2009
2879:"Local Government"
2494:Northern Territory
2488:Northern Territory
2468:is managed by the
2304:legislative powers
2300:
2292:
2238:The growth of the
2216:Whitlam government
2214:In the 1970s, the
2204:Sydney Corporation
2121:
2066:population density
1458:Federation Council
1454:Inner West Council
1345:City of Canada Bay
1291:Northern Territory
1283:
1268:
1256:
1240:
1093:federal government
1032:Northern Territory
647:Voter registration
176:
4910:
4909:
4742:
4741:
4734:Wallis and Futuna
4642:Associated states
4522:
4521:
4494:Quiet Australians
4262:Western Australia
3828:Opposition Leader
3806:Foreign relations
3792:
3719:
3718:
3704:Western Australia
3141:"Council history"
2755:Undivided council
2662:Western Australia
2657:Western Australia
2534:Central Australia
2429:unitary authority
2200:City of Melbourne
2057:
2056:
1791:Regional councils
1733:District councils
1504:metropolitan area
1426:Western Australia
1341:City of Melbourne
1333:LGA is called a "
1325:. In general, an
1279:City of Melbourne
1070:
1069:
1012:Western Australia
826:Visa requirements
778:Foreign relations
764:Political parties
662:Political funding
657:Political parties
294:Albanese ministry
161:
143:
142:
135:
117:
16:(Redirected from
4955:
4883:
4865:Marshall Islands
4855:
4842:Papua New Guinea
4817:
4789:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4746:
4724:Pitcairn Islands
4694:French Polynesia
4679:Christmas Island
4608:Papua New Guinea
4588:Marshall Islands
4561:Sovereign states
4549:
4542:
4535:
4526:
4464:Leadership spill
4444:How-to-vote card
4429:Forgotten People
4299:Liberal National
4088:State/territory
4011:State/territory
3786:
3774:Governor-General
3746:
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3614:
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2708:
2706:Australia portal
2703:
2702:
2701:
2669:Abrolhos Islands
2590:Bass Coast Shire
2582:Sandstone Island
2578:Elizabeth Island
2466:Lord Howe Island
2269:proposed in 2013
2192:Perth Town Trust
1521:
1497:City of Brisbane
1470:directly elected
1196:governing bodies
1113:local government
1073:Local government
1062:
1055:
1048:
988:
987:
986:
952:Multiculturalism
927:Environmentalism
905:
793:Foreign Minister
779:
722:
721:Local government
677:
652:Leadership spill
584:Recent elections
577:
562:Law of Australia
444:
339:
334:
316:
256:Anthony Albanese
240:
217:Governor-General
193:
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4618:Solomon Islands
4556:
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4523:
4518:
4379:Branch stacking
4360:
4353:
4309:Centre Alliance
4303:Country Liberal
4278:
4271:
4232:South Australia
4202:New South Wales
4193:
4186:
4089:
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4005:
3868:
3861:
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3720:
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3668:South Australia
3632:New South Wales
3623:
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2726:
2725:
2720:Politics portal
2718:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2692:
2659:
2564:
2558:
2546:South Australia
2542:
2540:South Australia
2490:
2459:New South Wales
2456:
2454:New South Wales
2417:
2398:
2320:public services
2308:judicial powers
2284:
2265:1988 referendum
2258:1974 referendum
2248:
2224:
2176:
2142:decision-making
2107:Offices of the
2101:
2062:
1516:
1493:central suburbs
1418:South Australia
1414:New South Wales
1379:Shire of Banana
1349:City of Bunbury
1289:as well as the
1262:Offices of the
1246:Offices of the
1232:
1224:South Australia
1066:
1037:
1036:
1017:South Australia
997:New South Wales
984:
982:
977:
976:
907:
903:
895:
894:
856:
843:
835:
816:Nationality law
812:
800:
781:
777:
769:
768:
724:
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679:
675:
667:
666:
643:
620:
579:
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567:
566:
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542:Will Alstergren
526:
499:
463:Stephen Gageler
446:
442:
434:
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429:Shadow Ministry
405:
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4716:
4714:Norfolk Island
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4674:American Samoa
4670:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4645:
4644:of New Zealand
4639:
4638:
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4605:
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4509:Working Family
4506:
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4396:
4391:
4386:
4384:Casual vacancy
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3789:Shadow Cabinet
3781:
3779:Prime Minister
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3549:External links
3547:
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3517:
3516:
3491:
3465:
3438:
3413:
3385:
3363:
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3286:
3261:
3229:978-1782543862
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3100:
3074:
3056:978-1781956687
3055:
3028:
3010:978-0802099631
3009:
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2892:
2870:
2859:on 10 May 2013
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2560:Main article:
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2526:Groote Eylandt
2518:Gove Peninsula
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2425:ACT government
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1307:unincorporated
1264:City of Sydney
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1204:alpine resorts
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1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
992:
979:
978:
975:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
908:
901:
900:
897:
896:
893:
892:
887:
882:
880:European Union
877:
872:
867:
865:United Kingdom
862:
855:
854:
849:
842:
841:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
811:
810:
799:
798:
789:
788:
782:
775:
774:
771:
770:
767:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
725:
718:
717:
714:
713:
710:
709:
704:
697:
696:
691:
686:
680:
673:
672:
669:
668:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
642:
641:
636:
631:
626:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
587:
586:
580:
573:
572:
569:
568:
565:
564:
559:
552:
551:
549:List of Judges
545:
544:
535:
534:
525:
524:
522:List of Judges
518:
517:
515:Debra Mortimer
508:
507:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
466:
465:
456:
455:
447:
440:
439:
436:
435:
432:
431:
425:
424:
414:
413:
404:
403:
393:
392:
382:
381:
372:
371:
361:
360:
350:
349:
328:
327:
319:
312:
311:
308:
307:
304:
303:
297:
296:
287:
286:
277:
276:
273:Richard Marles
269:
268:
260:
259:
252:
251:
248:Prime Minister
243:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
221:
220:
212:
211:
205:
204:
196:
189:
188:
185:
184:
178:
177:
167:
166:
154:
153:
141:
140:
55:
53:
46:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4960:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4905:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4849:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4758:
4756:
4751:
4750:
4747:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4709:New Caledonia
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:Easter Island
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
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4616:
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4611:
4609:
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4601:
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4512:
4510:
4507:
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4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4469:Mortgage belt
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4414:Dorothy Dixer
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4389:Caucus revolt
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4344:Other parties
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
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4327:
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4288:
4285:
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4237:
4233:
4230:
4227:
4223:
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4207:
4203:
4200:
4199:
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4134:
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4109:
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4044:
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4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
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4014:
4008:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
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3965:
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3960:
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3948:
3945:
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3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
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3900:
3898:
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3893:
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3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3857:Australia Act
3855:
3853:
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3838:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3829:
3826:
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3775:
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3610:
3608:
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3469:
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3402:. 4 July 2024
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3326:
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3235:
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3202:
3198:
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3146:
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3136:
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3117:
3110:
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3075:
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3052:
3048:
3047:
3039:
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3016:
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3006:
3002:
3001:
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2989:
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2880:
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2798:
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2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2574:French Island
2572:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
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2515:
2511:
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2499:
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2487:
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2460:
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2410:
2406:
2402:
2395:
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2325:
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2296:
2288:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:election date
2270:
2266:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2221:
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2212:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2166:Doctrines of
2164:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2059:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1910:
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1902:
1899:
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1890:
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1875:
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1479:
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1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1383:Lachlan Shire
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1339:", as in the
1338:
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1296:
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1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:board members
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1125:United States
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
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1102:
1098:
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1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
994:
991:
981:
980:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:Republicanism
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
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930:
928:
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910:
909:
906:
899:
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888:
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883:
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870:United States
868:
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861:
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844:
840:
837:
836:
832:
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797:
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773:
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747:
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742:
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732:
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727:
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723:
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708:
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690:
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682:
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678:
671:
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563:
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539:Chief Justice
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520:
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512:Chief Justice
510:
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493:
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460:Chief Justice
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84: –
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78:Find sources:
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56:This article
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4665:Dependencies
4651:Cook Islands
4567:
4424:Faceless men
4404:Despatch box
4374:Bjelkemander
4191:
3989:By-elections
3981:
3847:Constitution
3840:Lower Courts
3761:Commonwealth
3706:
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3670:
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3509:14 September
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2857:the original
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2768:
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2588:, while the
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1334:
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922:Conservatism
808:in Australia
719:
702:State courts
634:By-elections
583:
529:
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450:
421:Peter Dutton
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182:Constitution
148:
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77:
65:Please help
60:verification
57:
40:
4804:New Zealand
4791:Australasia
4598:New Zealand
4474:Nationalism
4459:Langer vote
4409:Donkey vote
4361:terminology
4013:governments
3994:Referendums
3378:16 February
3356:30 December
3331:30 December
2635:Gabo Island
2146:transparent
1491:and nearby
1482:figureheads
1478:councillors
1351:; while an
1319:legislature
1180:councillors
1101:referendums
957:Nationalism
860:New Zealand
831:Visa policy
495:Beech-Jones
389:Milton Dick
315:Legislature
209:Charles III
160:Politics of
4917:Categories
4857:Micronesia
4827:East Timor
4484:Playmander
4359:Political
4349:Historical
4334:One Nation
4277:Political
4222:Queensland
4194:government
3835:High Court
3813:Parliament
3656:Queensland
3309:23 January
3179:0732929040
2977:27 October
2790:25 January
2761:References
2679:Kings Park
2431:, but the
2405:Queensland
2209:Federation
2129:Gold Coast
2117:Queensland
2113:Caboolture
1605:Aboriginal
1573:Aboriginal
1476:of fellow
1422:Queensland
1410:Aboriginal
1099:, and two
1087:under the
1077:government
1007:Queensland
967:Secularism
947:Monarchism
942:Liberalism
904:Ideologies
796:Penny Wong
410:Opposition
400:Tony Burke
368:Penny Wong
225:Sam Mostyn
93:newspapers
4885:Polynesia
4837:Indonesia
4819:Melanesia
4799:Australia
4568:Australia
4287:Coalition
4090:elections
3869:elections
3538:10 August
3521:Citations
3250:cite book
2946:Council".
2833:1 January
2522:Alyangula
2514:Nhulunbuy
2390:censusing
2328:community
2324:land uses
2312:executive
2184:Annotated
1921:Sub-total
1373:", as in
1164:postcodes
1081:Australia
972:Socialism
937:Hansonism
932:Far-right
917:Christian
912:Anarchism
821:Passports
576:Elections
443:Judiciary
357:Sue Lines
354:President
239:Executive
163:Australia
123:July 2011
4583:Kiribati
4489:Pub test
4369:Battlers
4295:National
4252:Victoria
4242:Tasmania
4182:Timeline
4170:Tas 2028
4165:NSW 2027
4160:Vic 2026
4145:Qld 2024
4140:ACT 2024
4128:Tas 2024
4123:NSW 2023
4118:Vic 2022
4103:Qld 2020
4098:ACT 2020
4001:Timeline
3877:Pre-1972
3867:Federal
3801:Ministry
3692:Victoria
3680:Tasmania
3303:Archived
3279:1 August
3234:Archived
3184:Archived
3145:Archived
3125:9 August
3116:Archived
3093:9 August
3087:Archived
3061:Archived
3015:Archived
2924:1 August
2827:Archived
2781:Archived
2690:See also
2639:bushfire
2594:planning
2567:Victoria
2556:Victoria
2409:Tasmania
2202:and the
2127:and the
2125:Brisbane
1701:Councils
1637:Boroughs
1576:councils
1501:Brisbane
1462:Tasmania
1430:Victoria
1402:district
1331:suburban
1299:Canberra
1281:council.
1200:Victoria
1129:counties
1085:autonomy
1022:Tasmania
1002:Victoria
291:Ministry
192:Monarchy
4729:Tokelau
4633:Vanuatu
4291:Liberal
4279:parties
4175:NT 2028
4155:SA 2026
4150:WA 2025
4133:NT 2024
4113:SA 2022
4108:WA 2021
3784:Cabinet
3769:Monarch
2863:24 June
2819:(Paper)
2516:on the
2508:within
2498:Top End
2492:In the
2326:at the
2306:and no
2222:Reforms
2174:History
2157:by-laws
1438:outback
1394:borough
1353:exurban
1323:council
1214:in the
1170:" and "
1168:borough
1150:as the
1140:council
1123:or the
490:Gleeson
485:Steward
480:Edelman
386:Speaker
301:Cabinet
201:Monarch
107:scholar
4704:Hawaii
4628:Tuvalu
4329:Lambie
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4314:Greens
4192:Local
3823:Senate
3240:1 July
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3067:1 July
3053:
3021:1 July
3007:
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2528:, and
2510:Darwin
2375:(list)
2355:(list)
2310:, and
1856:Shires
1826:cities
1666:Cities
1608:shires
1567:Total
1406:region
1293:. The
1133:cities
1121:Canada
875:Canada
475:Gordon
418:Leader
397:Leader
365:Leader
346:Senate
109:
102:
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4893:Tonga
4623:Tonga
4613:Samoa
4603:Palau
4593:Nauru
4324:Labor
3119:(PDF)
3112:(PDF)
2971:(PDF)
2960:(PDF)
2784:(PDF)
2777:(PDF)
2070:urban
2007:Total
1889:Towns
1823:Rural
1474:board
1370:shire
1357:rural
1327:urban
1184:mayor
1172:shire
890:India
885:China
470:Keane
402:(ALP)
391:(ALP)
370:(ALP)
359:(ALP)
275:(ALP)
258:(ALP)
114:JSTOR
100:books
4832:Fiji
4699:Guam
4656:Niue
4578:Fiji
4514:Worm
4266:list
4256:list
4246:list
4236:list
4226:list
4216:list
4206:list
3983:Next
3977:2022
3972:2019
3967:2016
3962:2013
3957:2010
3952:2007
3947:2004
3942:2001
3937:1998
3932:1996
3927:1993
3922:1990
3917:1987
3912:1984
3907:1983
3902:1980
3897:1977
3892:1975
3887:1974
3882:1972
3709:list
3697:list
3685:list
3673:list
3661:list
3649:list
3637:list
3540:2015
3511:2024
3486:2024
3460:2024
3433:2024
3408:2024
3380:2020
3358:2023
3333:2023
3311:2017
3281:2020
3256:link
3242:2013
3224:ISBN
3192:2013
3174:ISBN
3153:2013
3127:2014
3095:2014
3069:2013
3051:ISBN
3023:2013
3005:ISBN
2979:2015
2926:2020
2865:2013
2835:2017
2792:2014
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616:2007
611:2010
606:2013
601:2016
596:2019
591:2022
423:(LP)
86:news
4339:UAP
4073:ACT
4068:Tas
4053:Qld
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