75:
373:
59:
1445:
560:
648:
82:
692:, at the west corner of the enclosure, measures 36.5 feet (11.1 m) by 31.5 feet (9.6 m) and originally had five storeys, although the roof and timber floors are now gone. The lowest level is a vaulted basement, with a vaulted kitchen above. The hall was on the next floor, with chambers above, all linked by a spiral stair.
472:
675:
The castle comprises a rectangular courtyard surrounded by a curtain wall, with a tower house, or keep, at one corner, and the round
Glassin Tower projecting from the opposite corner. The foundations of demolished ranges of buildings remain around two sides of the courtyard. Of the outer court, only
514:
to send her materials for textile projects and embroidery. She also made multiple attempts to escape. Once, she pretended to be a laundress, while one of her ladies took her place inside the castle. However, as she was leaving, the boatman who was taking her across the loch recognized her, and took
534:
Old keys found when the level of the loch was lowered in the 19th-century are said to be those taken by Willie
Douglas. The castle is one of many in Scotland said to be haunted by Mary's spirit because she is waiting for her twins to return to her so they would know their loss of life was not her
705:
that allowed fire to be directed along the external face of the curtain wall improved defence. The tower has a vaulted basement for storing water, accessed separately from the courtyard. The basement has separate channels to allow water to be collected from the loch and waste water to be drained
700:
The
Glassin Tower is a round tower that was built into the south-east corner of the ancient curtain wall, probably around 1550. The derivation of 'Glassin' is unknown. The purpose of the tower was to provide additional accommodation and to give the castle a more imposing appearance.
623:
Lochleven Castle had fallen into ruin by the 18th century, but the ruins were conserved and rubbish removed in 1840. The estate passed from the Bruces to the Graham family in the 18th century and then, in the 19th century, to the
Montgomerys, who no longer occupy Kinross House.
361:(reigned 1371–1390) granted the castle to Sir Henry Douglas, the husband of his niece Marjory. Beginning in the 14th century, the castle served as a state prison. Several notable men were imprisoned there, including Robert II in 1369 (before he became king),
718:
A minor excavation in 1995 found the footings and two steps of a stone stairway that provided access to the Great Hall of the tower. 16th-century pottery and animal bones were found in 0.75 metres (2.5 ft) of debris near the forestair.
606:
on the loch shore from 1686, aligning the principal axis of house and garden on the distant castle. The "Newhouse", which was finally demolished in 1723, was just to the north of Bruce's site. Kinross was one of the first buildings in the
567:
From around 1546, Margaret
Erskine and her son William Douglas built a house on the shore of the Loch which was known as "Newhouse." The "Newhouse" replaced the island castle as the legal centre of the estate in 1619. On 12 May 1589
338:, the English attempted to flood the castle by building a dam across the outflow of the loch; the water level rose, but after a month the captain of the English force, Sir John de Stirling, left the area to attend the festival of
655:
The castle, and an outer enclosure of which little trace remains, originally took up almost the entire area of Castle Island. The present wooded, and considerably larger, island was formed in the early 19th century when the
346:, took advantage of his absence to come out of the castle under cover of night, and damage the dam, causing it to collapse and flood the English camp. However, this account has been doubted by later historians.
453:. For most of her captivity she lived in Glassin Tower (built in the early 16th century), at the south-east corner of the castle. Some of William Douglas's daughters slept in her bedchamber for extra security.
499:'s fable. This was a token alluding to the possibility of escape, and his continuing support for her, the mouse could free the lion by nibbling away the knots of the net. Mary wore the jewel at the castle and
330:(reigned 1306–1329) is known to have visited the castle in 1313 and again in 1323. Following Bruce's death, the English invaded again, and in 1335 laid siege to Lochleven Castle in support of the pretender
510:
Mary recovered during the autumn and winter, and gradually won George
Douglas over to her own cause. A contemporary wrote that George was "in fantasy of love wythe hir." Mary asked her servant
464:), his brother George Douglas, and Willie Douglas (a young orphaned relative). Mary later wrote that her own servants at Lochleven included only two women, a cook, and a surgeon or doctor.
1490:
710:
which would have given views over the loch. The upper chamber served as a bedchamber. At the very top a small room, accessible only from the wall walk, was possibly a study or library.
431:
315:, may date from this time period and may have been built by the occupying English. The castle was captured by the Scots before the end of the 13th century, possibly by the forces of
441:(d. 1606). Two years later, Mary returned to Lochleven as a prisoner. She was held there from 17 June 1567 until her escape on 2 May 1568. She had been imprisoned there after the
1495:
357:. According to Historic Scotland, it was built in the 14th century, making it one of the oldest tower houses in Scotland that still substantially survives. In 1390, King
1500:
519:, injured herself while they were practising the escape. On the night she finally successfully escaped, she dressed as a servant, Willie Douglas stole the keys, and
543:. He was confined at Loch Leven for two years before being sent back to England to be executed. In 1588, when Sir William Douglas of Lochleven succeeded to the
523:
let her walk out of the castle. She was then rowed across the loch to where George
Douglas was waiting for her, along with 200 horsemen, and they fled to
515:
her back to the castle. Another time, she planned to escape by scaling the 7-foot (2.1 m) wall outside the castle, but one of her ladies-in-waiting,
299:(1296–1328), the invading English army held the castle, then named Lochleven Castle; it lies at a strategically important position between the towns of
820:
536:
419:
362:
74:
48:
1470:
240:
1485:
1475:
569:
450:
446:
438:
615:. Thereafter Lochleven Castle was no longer used as a dwelling, but it was preserved by Bruce as a picturesque focus for his gardens.
296:
1245:
1159:
1448:
1325:
528:
461:
415:
322:
English forces laid siege to
Lochleven in 1301, but the garrison was relieved in the same year when the siege was broken by Sir
395:(reigned 1542–1567), stayed at Lochleven for a week in May 1562 to recover after she fell from her horse while riding out from
467:
Mary fell ill on her arrival, which was suspected to be the result of a deliberate poisoning, and sometime before 24 July she
105:
1480:
488:
480:
471:
twins that she had conceived with
Bothwell; they were hastily buried in the grounds. Only a few days later she was forced to
426:
as they returned to
Edinburgh riding by Loch Leven. Mary would have been imprisoned in Lochleven Castle and Darnley taken to
1351:
782:
738:
628:
271:
236:
44:
312:
263:, an architect, bought the castle and used it as a focal point for his garden; it was never again used as a residence.
1126:
676:
an earth bank shows the position of the walls, with fragmentary remains of a bakehouse the only visible structures.
636:
535:
fault; the sadness she felt about their loss kept her trapped within the castle walls after her death. The English
423:
339:
323:
288:
260:
1216:
1425:
516:
442:
380:
366:
608:
540:
492:
1311:
Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland: A Survey of Scottish Topography, Statistical, Biographical and Historical
952:
358:
1130:
573:
392:
244:
224:
31:
1309:
1204:
936:
511:
407:
349:
Loch Leven Castle was fortified in the 14th or early-15th century by the addition of a five-storey
1431:
1287:
906:
791:
476:
267:
1015:
992:
527:
in Lothian. Three days after, her French cook Estienne Hauet and his wife Elles Boug packed her
1241:
1235:
1183:
1155:
873:
742:
661:
657:
599:
228:
153:
1149:
1028:
520:
500:
457:
327:
1452:
592:
580:
548:
427:
396:
316:
308:
1008:
985:
665:
544:
372:
335:
331:
256:
1329:
274:. Lochleven Castle is open to the public in summer, and access is available by ferry.
1464:
603:
524:
235:. Possibly built around 1300, the castle was the site of military action during the
1084:
Thomas Duncan, 'The Relations of Mary Stuart with William Maitland of Lethington',
922:
Edward Furgol, 'The Scottish itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–8 and 1561-8',
707:
588:
484:
411:
58:
445:
on 15 June, when she surrendered to her noblemen, who opposed her marriage to the
966:
685:
669:
468:
350:
547:
as the 6th earl, he inherited other properties along with the title, including
239:(1296–1357). In the latter part of the 14th century, the castle was granted to
1444:
576:
559:
120:
107:
647:
504:
400:
343:
300:
243:, by his uncle. It remained in the Douglases' hands for the next 300 years.
627:
Lochleven Castle was given in to state care in 1939, and is now managed by
287:
A castle may have been built on Castle Island as early as 1257, when King
612:
304:
248:
232:
39:
551:
in Fife, and as a result Loch Leven Castle became less frequently used.
399:, In April 1563, she had an interview there with the Calvinist preacher
702:
635:
during the summer months. The remains of the castle are protected as a
632:
369:, the Archbishop of St Andrews, in 1478 (who died in captivity there).
35:
631:. Today, the castle can be reached by a 12-person ferry operated from
584:
437:
In September 1565, Mary visited Loch Leven again as the guest of Sir
292:
220:
937:'The Scottish itinerary of Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–8 and 1561-8',
786:
646:
558:
531:
and other items in a chest to send to Mary wherever she might be.
496:
371:
689:
598:
In 1675, the Loch Leven estate was bought from the Douglases by
354:
252:
602:(c.1630–1710), royal architect in Scotland. Bruce built nearby
449:. She was taken to Lochleven and given into the custody of Sir
1437:
255:'s family. In 1588, the queen's gaoler inherited the title of
1438:
Lochleven Castle and the incarceration of Mary Queen of Scots
1326:"Kinross House and Gardens: The History – Subsequent owners"
1217:"Haunted trail of Mary, Queen of Scots – Scotsman.com News"
563:
Looking across fields of oilseed rape to Loch Leven Castle
503:, one of her women and sometimes described as her French
1440:(2021) talk by Dr. Dransart for the Castle Studies Group
291:, then 16 years old, was forcibly brought there by his
1240:. London: Constable and Company Limited. p. 344.
973:, 1 (Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1869), pp. 107–108.
954:
History of the affairs of church and state in Scotland
743:"Lochleven Castle (Scheduled Monument) (SM90204)"
334:(d. 1364). According to the 14th-century chronicle of
874:"Lochleven Castle Castle Island. Lochleven (LB11199)"
672:, led to a substantial lowering of the water level.
377:
Mary, Queen of Scots, Escaping from Lochleven Castle
206:
198:
190:
185:
177:
167:
159:
149:
144:
136:
99:
23:
1007:
984:
1014:. London: Constable and Company Limited. p.
991:. London: Constable and Company Limited. p.
456:The household included Sir William's mother Lady
247:, was imprisoned there in 1567–68, and forced to
1491:Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Perth and Kinross
1154:. London: Webb & Bower Ltd. pp. 79–80.
1088:, 5:18 (January 1908), 157: David Hay Fleming,
706:through a slop-drain. The lower chamber has an
259:, and moved away from the castle. In 1675, Sir
251:as queen, before escaping with the help of her
475:as Queen of Scots in favour of her infant son
266:The remains of the castle are protected as a
8:
1375:Lochleven Castle The Official Souvenir Guide
1288:"Gazetteer for Scotland – Loch Leven Castle"
1277:(John Donald: Edinburgh, 1997), pp. 102–103.
1143:
1141:
1117:, vol. 2 (1900), p. 404 no. 652, 9 May 1568.
1496:Historic house museums in Perth and Kinross
1092:(London, 1897), 472–473: Joseph Robertson,
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
365:(d. 1439), early in the 15th century, and
20:
1057:, series 1 vol. 1 (London, 1824), p. 233.
895:Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1547–1563
815:
813:
811:
809:
761:
759:
733:
731:
311:. Part of the present fortification, the
1501:Reportedly haunted locations in Scotland
897:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 622–623.
777:
775:
773:
771:
81:
956:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1844), pp. 309–311
727:
587:of the property as part of the king's "
406:In June 1565, Mary stayed at Perth, at
821:"Lochleven Castle: About the Property"
651:Ground floor plan of Loch Leven Castle
363:Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas
1264:(James Thin: Edinburgh, 1987), p. 69.
913:, vol. 11 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. xxxv.
867:
865:
16:Castle in Perth and Kinross, Scotland
7:
1377:. Historic Scotland. pp. 18–19.
971:Mary Queen of Scots and her Accusers
911:Accounts of the Treasurer: 1559–1566
539:was also held here, after offending
342:, and the defenders, under Alan de
241:William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas
1205:Keys found in Loch Leven, NMS Scran
570:William Douglas, 6th Earl of Morton
460:(mother of Mary's half-brother the
297:First War of Scottish Independence
14:
1352:"Lochleven Castle: Getting there"
1115:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
1443:
1428:at Historic Environment Scotland
1094:Inventaires de la Royne Descosse
941:, 117 (1998), scanned microfiche
579:at the Newhouse. He had been to
80:
73:
63:Keep and west wall of the castle
57:
1354:. Historic Environment Scotland
1190:(Edinburgh, 1897), pp. 511–512.
1134:, 1 (London, 1838), pp. 266–267
1035:, vol. 1 (London, 1842), p. xx.
1033:Letters of Mary, Queen of Scots
872:Historic Environment Scotland.
1086:The Scottish Historical Review
481:William Maitland of Lethington
1:
1434:in the Gazetteer for Scotland
1275:Scotland's Last Royal Wedding
1132:Queen Elizabeth and her times
783:Historic Environment Scotland
739:Historic Environment Scotland
629:Historic Environment Scotland
272:Historic Environment Scotland
237:Wars of Scottish Independence
1471:Castles in Perth and Kinross
451:William Douglas of Lochleven
439:William Douglas of Lochleven
1406:The Antiquities of Scotland
1260:Sanderson, Margaret H. B.,
422:plotted to capture her and
1517:
1486:Ruins in Perth and Kinross
1476:House of Douglas and Angus
1308:Francis H. Groome (1882).
1203:, 42 (1893), pp. 701–702:
1096:(Edinburgh, 1863), xlix–l.
787:"Lochleven Castle (27913)"
637:Scheduled Ancient Monument
507:, provided a description.
340:Saint Margaret of Scotland
1411:Lindsay, Maurice. (1986)
1390:Coventry, Martin. (2001)
1234:Lindsay, Maurice (1986).
1006:Lindsay, Maurice (1986).
983:Lindsay, Maurice (1986).
289:Alexander III of Scotland
140:Tower house and courtyard
68:
56:
28:
1397:Fraser, Antonia. (1970)
1394:3rd Edition. Goblinshead
1373:Tabraham, Chris (2010).
1151:Debrett's Royal Scotland
414:Castle. It was said the
231:local authority area of
1413:The Castles of Scotland
1404:Grose, Francis. (1791)
1392:The Castles of Scotland
1237:The castles of Scotland
1010:The castles of Scotland
987:The castles of Scotland
714:Archaeological findings
443:Battle of Carberry Hill
1148:Goodman, Jean (1983).
660:of the outflow of the
652:
564:
541:Elizabeth I of England
537:Earl of Northumberland
384:
381:William Craig Shirreff
1481:Islands of Loch Leven
1262:Mary Stewart's People
926:, 117 (1998), p. 227.
650:
562:
529:silk and velvet gowns
375:
1044:Fraser, pp. 401, 423
765:Lindsay, pp. 342–344
393:Mary, Queen of Scots
245:Mary, Queen of Scots
163:Douglas of Lochleven
1399:Mary Queen of Scots
1188:Mary Queen of Scots
1174:Fraser, pp. 427–428
1090:Mary Queen of Scots
823:. Historic Scotland
664:, which enters the
117: /
1455:published in 1834.
1223:. 8 December 2005.
1199:Ellen E. Guthrie,
907:James Balfour Paul
859:Grose, pp. 225–227
653:
572:, entertained the
565:
385:
268:scheduled monument
202:Until 17th century
160:Controlled by
1408:Vol.II. S. Hooper
1314:. Thomas C. Jack.
1273:David Stevenson,
1184:David Hay Fleming
611:style erected in
600:Sir William Bruce
555:Sir William Bruce
545:earldom of Morton
229:Perth and Kinross
214:
213:
154:Historic Scotland
1508:
1449:Lochleven Castle
1447:
1432:Lochleven Castle
1426:Lochleven Castle
1379:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1328:. Archived from
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1278:
1271:
1265:
1258:
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1201:The Leisure Hour
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1103:
1097:
1082:
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1055:Original Letters
1051:
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1042:
1036:
1029:Agnes Strickland
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850:Coventry, p. 301
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521:Marie Courcelles
512:Servais de Condé
501:Marie Courcelles
458:Margaret Douglas
447:Earl of Bothwell
328:Robert the Bruce
223:on an island in
217:Lochleven Castle
145:Site information
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88:Lochleven Castle
84:
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1453:Lydia Sigourney
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1332:on 24 July 2008
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935:Edward Furgol,
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729:
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698:
682:
668:at the town of
645:
621:
593:Anne of Denmark
591:" to his bride
581:Falkland Palace
557:
549:Aberdour Castle
428:Castle Campbell
397:Falkland Palace
390:
317:William Wallace
285:
280:
270:in the care of
170:the public
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95:
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30:Castle Island,
29:
17:
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5:
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491:depicting the
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313:curtain wall
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219:is a ruined
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186:Site history
168:Open to
126:56.20; -3.39
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967:John Hosack
798:27 December
686:tower house
680:Tower house
662:River Leven
643:Description
487:sent her a
430:to prevent
351:tower house
199:In use
124: /
100:Coordinates
1465:Categories
1385:References
1293:7 December
827:7 December
658:canalising
585:possession
577:Peder Munk
489:gold jewel
469:miscarried
379:(1805) by
324:John Comyn
225:Loch Leven
32:Loch Leven
1401:. Panther
609:classical
505:chamberer
401:John Knox
359:Robert II
301:Edinburgh
227:, in the
207:Materials
178:Condition
1358:27 March
1336:1 August
879:27 March
748:27 March
703:Gunholes
613:Scotland
473:abdicate
418:and the
305:Stirling
249:abdicate
233:Scotland
49:NO137017
40:Scotland
792:Canmore
633:Kinross
583:taking
326:. King
293:regents
278:History
194:1300 AD
109:56°12′N
36:Kinross
34:, near
1244:
1158:
410:, and
344:Vipont
253:gaoler
221:castle
181:Ruined
112:3°23′W
723:Notes
688:, or
670:Leven
497:Aesop
477:James
309:Perth
210:Stone
191:Built
150:Owner
1360:2019
1338:2008
1295:2008
1242:ISBN
1156:ISBN
939:PSAS
924:PSAS
881:2019
829:2008
800:2023
750:2019
690:keep
684:The
483:and
355:keep
307:and
137:Type
1016:343
993:344
495:of
353:or
173:Yes
43:UK
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