1132:
440:
397:
382:
433:
426:
1137:
691:
165:
Since locked twins are often diagnosed in the late stages of delivery, it is often too late to intervene to save the life of the first twin and thus there is a high rate of
1033:
1159:
75:(vertex) position, presenting in the normal head-first manner. In these cases, the chin of the first twin locks behind the chin of the second twin while in the
67:
There are two types of locked twins: breech/vertex and vertex/vertex. In breech/vertex presentations, which are much more common, the first twin is in the
142:. If the diagnosis is made only after the first locked twin has died in the birth canal, or if it is not expected to survive, the first twin may be
55:, given that the condition has been diagnosed early enough. The fetal mortality rate is high for the twin that presents first, with over 50% being
671:
638:
51:
before birth. It occurs in roughly 1 in 1,000 twin deliveries and 1 in 90,000 deliveries overall. Most often, locked twins are delivered via
686:
1089:
944:
871:
566:
347:
322:
294:
262:
1116:
286:
737:
475:
87:. In vertex/vertex presentations, where both twins are positioned for head-first delivery, the two heads become locked at the
618:
820:
1104:
887:
732:
900:
1011:
810:
784:
520:
466:
1048:
1038:
956:
856:
48:
574:
107:
126:
If locked twins are diagnosed in early delivery, before either twin is born, both fetuses can be delivered by
130:. If one fetus has been partially born, attempts can be made to disimpact the twins manually, such as by the
973:
895:
653:
1094:
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846:
666:
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510:
418:
1058:
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1043:
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401:
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1028:
1003:
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815:
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131:
115:
44:
978:
950:
910:
905:
840:
714:
515:
490:
458:
343:
318:
290:
258:
226:
127:
52:
27:
861:
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216:
206:
84:
1016:
983:
772:
757:
537:
254:
68:
1111:
1021:
917:
777:
766:
706:
584:
315:
Maternal and
Newborn Care: A Complete Guide for Midwives and Other Health Professionals
221:
194:
103:
406:
1164:
1153:
993:
963:
696:
579:
154:
150:
99:
988:
143:
111:
92:
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676:
628:
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88:
80:
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32:
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591:
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135:
790:
794:
386:
157:
to thereby temporarily inhibit labour and disimpact the fetal heads.
76:
753:
724:
557:
146:
and its head pushed up to allow safe delivery of the second twin.
98:
Contributing factors to the interlocking of twins include uterine
110:. It is more likely to occur in women with large pelvises, young
422:
251:
A Comprehensive
Textbook of Midwifery and Gynecological Nursing
114:(young women in their first pregnancy), and pregnancies with
692:
Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP)
134:, with a view to performing an assisted delivery with
283:
The Johns
Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics
364:
1082:
1002:
886:
750:
723:
705:
647:
609:
600:
556:
474:
465:
368:
91:, preventing either fetus from passing through the
26:
21:
71:, presenting feet-first, and the second is in the
1034:Childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder
313:De Kock, Joanita; Van der Walt, Christa (2004).
340:Selected Topics in Obstetrics and Gynaecology-2
199:Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research
434:
338:Daftary, Shirish N.; Desai, Shyam V. (2006).
8:
47:where two fetuses become interlocked during
606:
471:
441:
427:
419:
365:
149:At least one case has been reported where
102:, small fetal size, and reduced levels of
18:
276:
274:
220:
210:
244:
242:
240:
188:
186:
184:
182:
178:
308:
306:
672:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
639:Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
7:
1160:Complications of labour and delivery
738:Pregnancy-induced hypercoagulability
687:Pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy
281:Fortner, Kimberly B., ed. (2007).
14:
945:Pain management during childbirth
872:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
287:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
1131:
1130:
1117:Sexual activity during pregnancy
342:. BI Publications. p. 65.
317:. Juta Academic. p. 25.5.
619:Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
153:was used to relax the uterine
1:
821:Prelabor rupture of membranes
1100:Systemic lupus erythematosus
751:Maternal care related to the
733:Gestational thrombocytopenia
169:, estimated to be over 50%.
901:Cephalopelvic disproportion
193:Borah, T.; Das, A. (2012).
1186:
1012:Breastfeeding difficulties
811:Constriction ring syndrome
785:Braxton Hicks contractions
43:is a rare complication of
1125:
1049:Peripartum cardiomyopathy
1039:Pubic symphysis diastasis
575:Gestational hypertension
212:10.4103/2141-9248.105676
195:"Locked Twins: A Rarity"
108:rupture of the membranes
974:Umbilical cord prolapse
896:Amniotic fluid embolism
654:dermatoses of pregnancy
249:Jacob, Annamma (2012).
95:in a vaginal delivery.
1090:Concomitant conditions
1069:Postpartum thyroiditis
847:Circumvallate placenta
667:Impetigo herpetiformis
662:Gestational pemphigoid
634:Hyperemesis gravidarum
567:hypertensive disorders
1059:Postpartum infections
1054:Postpartum depression
1064:Postpartum psychosis
933:Obstetrical bleeding
828:Obstetrical bleeding
649:Integumentary system
624:Gestational diabetes
603:related to pregnancy
601:Other, predominantly
1044:Postpartum bleeding
867:Placental abruption
852:Monochorionic twins
682:Prurigo gestationis
1074:Puerperal mastitis
1029:Breast engorgement
816:Monoamniotic twins
806:Chorionic hematoma
132:Zavanelli maneuver
116:monoamniotic twins
45:multiple pregnancy
1147:
1146:
1105:Thyroid disorders
1095:Diabetes mellitus
979:Uterine inversion
911:Shoulder dystocia
906:Obstructed labour
882:
881:
746:
745:
715:Chorea gravidarum
491:Ectopic pregnancy
416:
415:
128:Caesarean section
53:Caesarean section
38:
37:
16:Medical condition
1177:
1134:
1133:
969:Postmature birth
957:Placenta accreta
862:Placenta praevia
857:Placenta accreta
801:Chorioamnionitis
611:Digestive system
607:
533:Fetal resorption
521:Rudimentary horn
478:abortive outcome
472:
443:
436:
429:
420:
366:
354:
353:
335:
329:
328:
310:
301:
300:
278:
269:
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246:
235:
234:
224:
214:
190:
85:vaginal delivery
19:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1121:
1078:
1022:Cracked nipples
1017:Low milk supply
998:
984:Uterine rupture
878:
773:Oligohydramnios
758:amniotic cavity
752:
742:
719:
701:
652:
643:
602:
596:
565:
552:
538:Molar pregnancy
477:
461:
447:
417:
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411:
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363:
358:
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350:
337:
336:
332:
325:
312:
311:
304:
297:
289:. p. 119.
280:
279:
272:
265:
257:. p. 343.
255:Jaypee Brothers
248:
247:
238:
192:
191:
180:
175:
163:
124:
69:breech position
65:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1183:
1181:
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1167:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1112:Maternal death
1109:
1108:
1107:
1102:
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1079:
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1071:
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1024:
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920:
918:Fetal distress
915:
914:
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869:
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849:
837:
836:
835:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
787:
782:
781:
780:
778:Polyhydramnios
775:
767:amniotic fluid
762:
760:
748:
747:
744:
743:
741:
740:
735:
729:
727:
721:
720:
718:
717:
711:
709:
707:Nervous system
703:
702:
700:
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689:
684:
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669:
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636:
631:
626:
621:
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613:
604:
598:
597:
595:
594:
589:
588:
587:
585:HELLP syndrome
577:
571:
569:
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553:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
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476:Pregnancy with
469:
463:
462:
448:
446:
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438:
431:
423:
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394:
378:
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370:
369:Classification
362:
361:External links
359:
356:
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348:
330:
323:
302:
295:
270:
263:
236:
205:(2): 204–205.
177:
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123:
120:
104:amniotic fluid
64:
61:
36:
35:
30:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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994:Uterine atony
992:
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965:
964:Preterm birth
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761:
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749:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
726:
722:
716:
713:
712:
710:
708:
704:
698:
697:Stretch marks
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617:
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593:
590:
586:
583:
582:
581:
580:Pre-eclampsia
578:
576:
573:
572:
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568:
563:
559:
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541:
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492:
489:
487:
484:
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460:
456:
452:
449:Pathology of
444:
439:
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421:
408:
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399:
395:
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389:
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367:
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351:
349:9788172252328
345:
341:
334:
331:
326:
324:9780702164026
320:
316:
309:
307:
303:
298:
296:9780781762496
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264:9789350255575
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155:smooth muscle
152:
151:hexoprenaline
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
121:
119:
117:
113:
112:primigravidae
109:
105:
101:
100:hypertonicity
96:
94:
90:
86:
83:, preventing
82:
78:
74:
70:
62:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
34:
31:
29:
25:
20:
1136:
1129:
989:Vasa praevia
949:
923:Locked twins
922:
839:
789:
765:
511:Interstitial
396:
381:
339:
333:
314:
282:
250:
202:
198:
164:
148:
125:
97:
93:pelvic inlet
66:
49:presentation
41:Locked twins
40:
39:
22:Locked twins
928:Nuchal cord
677:Linea nigra
629:Hepatitis E
562:proteinuria
543:Miscarriage
528:Embryo loss
506:Heterotopic
144:decapitated
89:pelvic brim
81:birth canal
63:Description
1170:Stillbirth
1154:Categories
938:Postpartum
833:Antepartum
548:Stillbirth
459:puerperium
457:, and the
455:childbirth
173:References
167:stillbirth
122:Management
106:following
33:Obstetrics
1004:Puerperal
592:Eclampsia
496:Abdominal
467:Pregnancy
451:pregnancy
57:stillborn
28:Specialty
1138:Category
951:placenta
841:placenta
501:Cervical
486:Abortion
231:23439954
161:Outcomes
136:ventouse
73:cephalic
791:chorion
516:Ovarian
222:3573520
140:forceps
795:amnion
346:
321:
293:
261:
229:
219:
77:uterus
1083:Other
888:Labor
754:fetus
725:Blood
564:, and
558:Edema
407:660.5
392:O66.1
1165:Twin
756:and
402:9-CM
344:ISBN
319:ISBN
291:ISBN
259:ISBN
227:PMID
398:ICD
383:ICD
217:PMC
207:doi
138:or
79:or
1156::
793:/
560:,
453:,
405::
390::
387:10
305:^
285:.
273:^
253:.
239:^
225:.
215:.
201:.
197:.
181:^
118:.
59:.
651:/
442:e
435:t
428:v
400:-
385:-
375:D
352:.
327:.
299:.
267:.
233:.
209::
203:2
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