Logistics - Knowledge (XXG)

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computers, and network connection, customer orders can quickly reach the seller in no time, and the availability of stocks can be checked in real time. The purpose of having an inventory is to reduce the overall logistical cost while improving service to customers. Having a stockpile of finished goods beforehand can reduce the frequency of transportation to and from the customers and cope with the randomness of customer demands. However, maintaining an inventory requires capital investment in finished goods and maintaining a warehouse. Storage and order picking occupy most of the warehouse maintenance cost. Freight transportation forms a vital part of logistics and allows access to broad markets as goods can be transported to hundreds or thousands of kilometers away. Freight transportation accounts for two-thirds of logistical costs and significantly impacts customer service. Transportation policies and warehouse management are closely intertwined.

960: 1978: 109: 592: 616: 207: 199: 1950:) as an integrator that assembles the resources, planning capabilities, and technology of its own organization and other organizations to design, build, and run comprehensive supply chain solutions. Whereas a third-party logistics (3PL) service provider targets a single function, a 4PL targets management of the entire process. Some have described a 4PL as a general contractor that manages other 3PLs, truckers, forwarders, custom house agents, and others, essentially taking responsibility of a complete process for the customer. 1368:

intermediaries required for the distribution network depends upon the types of goods being distributed. For example, consumer goods such as cosmetics and handicrafts may not require any intermediaries as they can be sold door-to-door or can be obtained from local flea markets. For industrial goods such as raw materials and equipment, intermediaries are not needed because manufacturers can sell a large number of goods to a user. Generally, there are three types of intermediaries, namely: agent/broker, wholesaler, and retailer.

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storage, and supply. Production logistics can operate in existing as well as new plants. Since manufacturing in an existing plant is a constantly changing process, machines are exchanged and new ones added, which allows for improving the production logistics system accordingly. Production logistics provides the means to achieve customer response and capital efficiency. Production logistics becomes more important with decreasing batch sizes. In many industries (e.g.

1103: 580: 917: 1791:: considering a two-level network, if safety inventory is kept only in peripheral warehouses then it is called a dependent system (from suppliers), if safety inventory is distributed among central and peripheral warehouses it is called an independent system (from suppliers). Transportation from producer to the second level is called primary transportation, from the second level to a consumer is called secondary transportation. 157:, it is concerned with maintaining army supply lines with food, armaments, ammunition, and spare parts apart from the transportation of troops themselves. Meanwhile, civil logistics deals with acquiring, moving, and storing raw materials, semi-finished goods, and finished goods. For organisations that provide garbage collection, mail deliveries, public utilities, and after-sales services, logistical problems must be addressed. 1108: 1288: 1468: 836:) is a term used by the logistics, supply chain, and manufacturing industries to denote specific time-critical modes of transport used to move goods rapidly in the event of an emergency. The reason for enlisting emergency logistics services could be a production delay or anticipated production delay, or an urgent need for specialized equipment to prevent events such as aircraft being grounded (also known as " 4208: 1654: 497:

therefore, as pertaining to the realm of logistics since, while in theory, the products made by a factory are ready for consumption they still need to be moved along the distribution network according to some logic, and the distribution center aggregates and processes orders coming from different areas of the territory. That being said, from a modeling perspective, there are similarities between

1098: 523: 726:, requirements planning, make-or-buy decisions, supplier management, ordering, and order control. The targets in procurement logistics might be contradictory: maximizing efficiency by concentrating on core competencies, outsourcing while maintaining the company's autonomy, or minimizing procurement costs while maximizing security within the supply process. 2041:, or within the logistics department of a company. However, as mentioned above, logistics is a broad field, encompassing procurement, production, distribution, and disposal activities. Hence, career perspectives are broad as well. A new trend in the industry is the 4PL, or fourth-party logistics, firms, consulting companies offering logistics services. 1963:

example extending common transportation networks, their warehouse infrastructure and the ability to provide more complex service packages can be achieved by combining resources. On the other hand, partners can "access intangible resources, which are not directly exploitable". This typically includes know-how and information and, in turn, innovation.

1642: 1895:(SKU) A and five of SKU B hours in advance, but by the time it acts, other considerations may have come into play or there could be a logjam on a conveyor. A WCS can prevent that problem by working in real-time and adapting to the situation by making a last-minute decision based on current activity and operational status. Working 763:

raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from the point of consumption to the point of origin to recapture value or proper disposal." More precisely, reverse logistics moves goods from their typical final destination to capture value or proper disposal. The opposite of reverse logistics is

1938:(3PL) involves using external organizations to execute logistics activities that have traditionally been performed within an organization itself. According to this definition, third-party logistics includes any form of outsourcing of logistics activities previously performed in house. For example, if a company with its own 2027:

technologies. Information in traditional bar codes is stored as a sequence of black and white bars varying in width, which when read by laser is translated into a digital sequence, which according to fixed rules can be converted into a decimal number or other data. Sometimes information in a bar code

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Logistics outsourcing involves a relationship between a company and an LSP (logistic service provider), which, compared with basic logistics services, has more customized offerings, encompasses a broad number of service activities, is characterized by a long-term orientation, and thus has a strategic

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defines logistics as "the detailed coordination of a complex operation involving many people, facilities, or supplies", and the Oxford Dictionary on-line defines it as "the detailed organization and implementation of a complex operation". As such, logistics is commonly seen as a branch of engineering

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denotes all those reusing products and materials operations. The reverse logistics process includes the management and the sale of surpluses, as well as products being returned to vendors from buyers. It is "the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow of

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The rise of commercial transactions through the internet gives rise to the need for "e-logistics". Compared to traditional logistics, e-logistics handles parcels valued at less than a hundred US dollars to customers scattered at various destinations worldwide. In e-logistics, customers' demands come

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or degrees in logistics management. CILT programs can be studied at centers around the UK, some of which also offer distance learning options. The institute also have overseas branches namely The Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport Australia (CILTA) in Australia and Chartered Institute

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Some classes of supply have a linear demand relationship: as more troops are added, more supply items are needed; or as more equipment is used, more fuel and ammunition are consumed. Other classes of supply must consider a third variable besides usage and quantity: time. As equipment ages, more and

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was developed in such a way that categories of supply with similar consumption variables are grouped together for planning purposes. For instance, peacetime consumption of ammunition and fuel will be considerably lower than wartime consumption of these items, whereas other classes of supply such as

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A distribution network would require several intermediaries to bring consumer or industrial goods from manufacturers to a user. Intermediaries would markup the costs of the products during distribution, but benefit users by providing lower transportation costs than the manufacturers. The number of

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Logistical activities can be divided into three main areas: order processing, inventory management, and freight transportation. Traditionally, order processing was a time-consuming activity that could take up to 70% of the order-cycle time. However, with new technologies such as bar code scanning,

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A logistic family is a set of products that share a common characteristic: weight and volumetric characteristics, physical storing needs (temperature, radiation, etc.), handling needs, order frequency, package size, etc. The following metrics may be used by the company to organize its products in

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has been employed by civilizations for thousands of years as the various human civilizations tried to build the best possible works of construction for living and protection. Now, construction logistics has emerged as a vital part of construction. In the past few years, construction logistics has

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decides to employ external transportation, this would be an example of third-party logistics. Logistics is an emerging business area in many countries. External 3PL providers have evolved from merely providing logistics capabilities to becoming real orchestrators of supply chains that create and

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The International Association of Public Health Logisticians (IAPHL) is a professional network that promotes the professional development of supply chain managers and others working in the field of public health logistics and commodity security, with particular focus on developing countries. The

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At the warehouse level, the logistician must decide how to distribute merchandise over the racks. Three basic situations are traditionally considered: shared storage, dedicated storage (rack space reserved for specific merchandise) and class-based storage (class meaning merchandise organized in

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often occur between logistics service providers, i.e., the cooperation between two or more logistics companies that are potentially competing. In a horizontal alliance, these partners can benefit twofold. On one hand, they can "access tangible resources which are directly exploitable". In this

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is more of a tactical planning decision than a configuration problem, it is important to take it into account when deciding the layout of the racks inside the warehouse and buying tools such as handlers and motorized carts since once those decisions are taken they will work as constraints when

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In the logistics business, a logistical system is designed at a minimum cost based on the expected customer service level. As the service improves, the number of sales also increased. As service is further improved, more sales are captured from competing providers. Further increase in customer

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management when referring to physical transformations taking place in a single business location (factory, restaurant or even bank clerking) and reserve the term logistics for activities related to distribution, that is, moving products on the territory. Managing a distribution center is seen,

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efficiency varies greatly depending on the situation. For a man to goods situation, a distinction is carried out between high-level picking (vertical component significant) and low-level picking (vertical component insignificant). A number of tactical decisions regarding picking must be made:

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describes logistic processes within a value-adding system (ex, a factory or a mine). Production logistics aims to ensure that each machine and workstation receives the right product in the correct quantity and quality at the right time. The concern is with production, testing, transportation,

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According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (previously the Council of Logistics Management), logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective transportation and storage of goods including services and related

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Although configuring a distribution network from zero is possible, logisticians usually have to deal with restructuring existing networks due to presence of an array of factors: changing demand, product or process innovation, opportunities for outsourcing, change of government policy toward

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is a sequential process involving: processing withdrawal list, picking (selective removal of items from loading units), sorting (assembling items based on the destination), package formation (weighting, labeling, and packing), order consolidation (gathering packages into loading units for

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can accurately supply troops with the items necessary at the precise moment they are needed. History has shown that good logistical planning creates a lean and efficient fighting force. The lack thereof can lead to a clunky, slow, and ill-equipped force with too much or too little supply.

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Logistics refers to "that part of supply chain management that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services, and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers'

1035:(ILS) is a discipline used in military industries to ensure an easily supportable system with a robust customer service (logistic) concept at the lowest cost and in line with (often high) reliability, availability, maintainability, and other requirements, as defined for the project. 749:

has, as its main task, the delivery of the finished products to the customer. It consists of order processing, warehousing, and transportation. Distribution logistics is necessary because production time, place, and quantity differ with the time, place, and quantity of consumption.

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is technically the process of managing the "flow" of goods through a supply chain from its place of production to other parts of the world. This often requires an intermodal transport system via ocean, air, rail, and truck. The effectiveness of global logistics is measured in the

1396:(lower level of inventory) and also for receiving returning items from clients. Typically, distribution centers are way stations for products to be disbursed further down the supply chain. They usually do not ship inventory directly to customers, whereas fulfillment centers do. 822:: companies in the retail channels, both organized retailers and suppliers, often deploy assets required for the display, preservation, and promotion of their products. Some examples are refrigerators, stands, display monitors, seasonal equipment, poster stands & frames. 2028:

can be transmitted through radio frequency, more typically radio transmission is used in RFID tags. An RFID tag is a card containing a memory chip and an antenna that transmits signals to a reader. RFID may be found on merchandise, animals, vehicles, and people as well.

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There are many museums in the world which cover various aspects of practical logistics. These include museums of transportation, customs, packing, and industry-based logistics. However, only the following museums are fully dedicated to logistics:

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has evolved since the 1960s due to the increasing complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to a call for professionals called supply chain logisticians.

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Wallenburg, Carl Marcus; Cahill, David L.; Michael Knemeyer, A.; Goldsby, Thomas J. (2011). "Commitment and Trust as Drivers of Loyalty in Logistics Outsourcing Relationships: Cultural Differences Between the United States and Germany".

460:... the art of well-ordering the functionings of an army, of well combining the order of troops in columns, the times of their departure, their itinerary, the means of communication necessary to assure their arrival at a named point ... 1552:

Consolidating small shipments into large shipments can help to save transportation costs. There are three methods to do this: facility consolidation, multi-stop consolidation, and temporal consolidation. Facility consolidation uses the

457:... l'art de bien ordonner les marches d'une armée, de bien combiner l'ordre des troupes dans les colonnes, les tems de leur départ, leur itinéraire, les moyens de communications nécessaires pour assurer leur arrivée à point nommé ... 1303:

One definition of business logistics speaks of "having the right item in the right quantity at the right time at the right place for the right price in the right condition to the right customer". Business logistics incorporates all

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is one of the primary logistics processes concentrating on purchasing and arranging the inbound movement of materials, parts, or unfinished inventory from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.

2441:"Observation sur Le Tableau Analytique des principales combinaisons De La Guerre, Et De Leurs Rapports Avec La Politique Des États: Pour Servir D'Introduction Au Traité Des Grandes Opérations Militaires par le général Jomini" 1327:

In business, logistics may have either an internal focus (inbound logistics) or an external focus (outbound logistics), covering the flow and storage of materials from point of origin to point of consumption, a key factor in

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Formerly the officers of the general staff were named: marshall of lodgings, major-general of lodgings; from there came the term of logistics , which we employ to designate those who are in charge of the functioning of an

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A logistician is a professional logistics practitioner. Professional logisticians are often certified by professional associations. One can either work in a pure logistics company, such as a shipping line, airport, or

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are considered to have been logistical geniuses: Alexander's expedition benefited considerably from his meticulous attention to the provisioning of his army, Hannibal is credited to have "taught logistics" to the

1580:(minimal road transport). A shipper chooses a carrier by taking into account the total cost of shipment and transit time. Air is the most expensive type of transport, followed by truck, rail, pipeline, and ship. 187:

can model, analyze, visualize, and optimize logistics' complexity. Minimizing resource use is a common motivation in all logistics fields. A professional working in logistics management is called a logistician.

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Once a logistic system is configured, management, meaning tactical decisions, takes place, once again, at the level of the warehouse and of the distribution network. Decisions have to be made under a set of

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Autrefois les officiers de l’état-major se nommaient: maréchal des logis, major-général des logis; de là est venu le terme de logistique, qu’on emploie pour désigner ce qui se rapporte aux marches d’une

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In South Jersey, the area has become the "epicenter" of warehouse construction in the greater Philadelphia region..'Activity in the Southern New Jersey industrial market continues to amaze,' the report

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can be both manual or automated. Manual picking can be both man-to-goods, i.e. operator using a cart or conveyor belt, or goods-to-man, i.e. the operator benefiting from the presence of a mini-load

1891:, whereas a WCS acts like a floor supervisor, working in real-time to get the job done by the most effective means. For example, a WMS can tell the system that it is going to need five of 959: 1977: 1603:. Especially for very long distances, product transportation will likely benefit from using different transportation means: When moving cargo, typical constraints are maximum weight and 1557:

by transporting small shipments over short distances and large shipments over long distances. Multi-stop consolidation makes multiple stops to consolidate small shipments in the case of

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and logistics, and companies sometimes use hybrid professionals, with for example a "Director of Operations" or a "Logistics Officer" working on similar problems. Furthermore, the term "

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information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements and includes inbound, outbound, internal and external movements.

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Regarding a single warehouse, besides the issue of designing and building the warehouse, configuration means solving a number of interrelated technical-economic problems: dimensioning

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There are two fundamentally different forms of logistics: one optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes, while the other coordinates a

505:" originally referred to, among other issues, having an integrated vision of both production and logistics from point of origin to point of production. All these terms may suffer from 2419:

Tableau Analytique des principales combinaisons De La Guerre, Et De Leurs Rapports Avec La Politique Des États: Pour Servir D'Introduction Au Traité Des Grandes Opérations Militaires

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describes all attempts to measure and minimize the ecological impact of logistics activities, including all activities of the forward and reverse flows. This can be achieved through

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The Quintessence of Supply Chain Management: What You Really Need to Know to Manage Your Processes in Procurement, Manufacturing, Warehousing, and Logistics (Quintessence Series)

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Some universities and academic institutions train students as logisticians, offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs. A university with a primary focus on logistics is

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Logistics deals with the movements of materials or products from one facility to another; it does not include material flow within the production or assembly plants, such as

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Monetary metrics used include space holding costs, such as building, shelving, and services, and handling costs, such as people, handling machinery, energy, and maintenance.

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machinery to improve the efficiency of logistics operations. This typically refers to operations within a warehouse or distribution center with broader tasks undertaken by

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Physical metrics used to evaluate inventory systems include stocking capacity, selectivity, superficial use, volumetric use, transport capacity, transport capacity use.

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association supports logisticians worldwide by providing a community of practice, where members can network, exchange ideas, and improve their professional skills.

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Similarly to production systems, logistic systems need to be properly configured and managed. Actually a number of methodologies have been directly borrowed from

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Cargo can be consolidated into pallets or containers. There are five basic modes of transport, namely, ship, rail, truck, air, and pipeline operated by different

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are needed over time, even when usage and quantity stay consistent. By recording and analyzing these trends over time and applying them to future scenarios, the

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together. The resources managed in logistics may include tangible goods such as materials, equipment, and supplies, as well as food and other consumable items.

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are very rarely owned by a single enterprise. Distribution networks can be characterized by numbers of levels, namely the number of intermediary nodes between

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is the process related to the storage and movement of the final product. The related information flows from the end of the production line to the end user.

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McGinnis M. A., Military Logistics: Insights for Business Logistics, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management Vol 22, 1992

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L. Torre, I.S. Dolinskaya, K.R. Smilowitz, Disaster relief routing: Integrating research and practice Socio-Economic Planning Sciences vol46, March 2012

357:: Ce mot me paraît être tout-à-fait nouveau, car je ne l'avais encore vu nulle part dans la littérature militaire. … il paraît le faire dériver du mot 2167: 756:

has the main function of reducing logistics cost(s) and enhancing service(s) related to the disposal of waste produced during a business's operation.

2294: 996: 3251: 368:: This word appears to me to be completely new, as I have not yet seen it anywhere in military literature. … he appears to derive it from the word 2076:

programs are conducted by many universities and professional bodies such as CILT. These programs are generally offered at the postgraduate level.

862:, which is an essential part of production logistics due to product safety and reliability issues, is also gaining importance, especially in the 983:

In military science, maintaining one's supply lines while disrupting those of the enemy is a crucial—some would say the most crucial—element of

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Replenishment method: standard alternatives include equal space supply for each product class and equal time supply for each product class.

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Handling systems include: trans-pallet handlers, counterweight handler, retractable mast handler, bilateral handlers, trilateral handlers,

168:. Logistics occupies a significant amount of the operational cost of an organisation or country. Logistical costs of organizations in the 4089: 2572: 1348:

of these activities. Logisticians combine professional knowledge of each of these functions to coordinate resources in an organization.

1887:(WCS), although there is some overlap in functionality. A WMS plans a weekly activity forecast based on such factors as statistics and 108: 4190: 2871: 2720:

Roger Morriss, "Colonization, Conquest, and the Supply of Food and Transport: The Reorganization of Logistics Management, 1780–1795,"

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Troy T. Kirby, The Duke of Wellington and the Supply System During the Peninsula War, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform 2014

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V. Misra, M.I. Kahn, U.K. Singh, Supply Chain Management Systems: Architecture, Design and Vision, North American Business Press 2010

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Cozzolino Alessandra, Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, In Humanitarian Logistics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2012

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that deals with the efficient forward and reverse flow of goods, services, and related information from the point of origin to the

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Routing path: standard alternatives include transversal routing, return routing, midpoint routing, and largest gap return routing

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was due to the effectiveness of Wellington's supply system, despite the numerical disadvantage. The defeat of the British in the

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Trends and Strategies in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Embracing Global Logistics Complexity to Drive Market Advantage

1619: 121: 28: 3092: 591: 4068: 3682: 2807: 1689: 1685: 1176: 1162: 844:, donors, non-governmental organizations, and emergency logistics services are typically sourced from a specialist provider. 476: 885:

The Seven R's is a popular concept used to enforce best practices in logistics management which consists of the following:

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Baziotopoulos (2008). "An Investigation of Logistics Outsourcing Practices in the Greek Manufacturing Sector". PhD thesis.

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for the profession and is primarily concerned with intercontinental maritime logistics. It is particularly concerned with

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The Handbook of Technology Management: Supply Chain Management, Marketing and Advertising, and Global Management, vol 2

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http://mhlnews.com/global-supply-chain/council-logistics-management-become-council-supply-chain-management-professional

840:"—AOG), ships being delayed, or telecommunications failure. Humanitarian logistics involves governments, the military, 445:, or dubious and instead believing it was in fact of Greek origin, or influenced by the existing term of Greek origin. 4073: 3936: 3570: 2224: 2212: 2136: 1880: 1260: 1190: 855: 740: 604: 858:), the short-term goal is a batch size of one, allowing even a single customer's demand to be fulfilled efficiently. 548: 615: 4063: 3818: 2667: 2182: 2068: 1986: 1419: 1333: 1205: 1057: 964: 222: 35: 544: 3931: 3823: 3555: 2241: 1755: 801: 466: 165: 2486: 4185: 3941: 3405: 2273: 2009: 1884: 1824: 1666: 1646: 1489: 1152: 2440: 2422: 1827:: internal, such as using the available infrastructure, or external, such as complying with the given product 2690:

Donald W. Engels, Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army, University of California 1980

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activities, which consist of reassembling cargo units based on deliveries scheduled (only moving merchandise)

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Kozlenkova, Irina V.; Hult, G. Tomas M.; Lund, Donald J.; Mena, Jeannette A.; Kekec, Pinar (December 2015).

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This distinction is more useful for modeling purposes, but it relates also to a tactical decision regarding

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Militaries have a significant need for logistics solutions and so have developed advanced implementations.

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ISO 6780:2003 – Flat pallets for intercontinental materials handling – Principal dimensions and tolerances

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Given the services performed by logisticians, the main fields of logistics can be broken down as follows:

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in Hamburg, Germany. It is non-profit and supported by Kühne-Foundation of the logistics entrepreneur

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relating to procuring, maintaining and transporting material, personnel and facilities". However, the

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Nyhuis P., Wiendahi Hans-Peter, Fundamentals of Production Logistics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2009

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The concept of a fourth-party logistics (4PL) provider was first defined by Andersen Consulting (now

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consists of the activities required to set up or establish a plan for logistics activities to occur.

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Operators involved in transportation include: all train, road vehicles, boats, airplanes companies,

4032: 3805: 3785: 3601: 3398: 3387:, First issue Nakladatelství ČVUT v Praze, 2006, pp. 7–50, 63–73, 75–85, 123–347, Prague 2006. 3093:"Chartered Institute of Logistics & Transport Australia (CILTA) – Certification & Training" 2256: 2176: 2064: 1900: 1865: 1751: 1696: 1584: 1521: 1248: 1200: 1065:

subsistence and clothing have a relatively consistent consumption rate regardless of war or peace.

992: 987:, since an armed force without resources and transportation is defenseless. The historical leaders 863: 323: 308: 285: 184: 161: 4207: 877:

emerged as a different field of knowledge and study within supply chain management and logistics.

4232: 4195: 3981: 3883: 3722: 3687: 3635: 3623: 3606: 3585: 3545: 3308: 3044: 2502: 2478: 2377: 2261: 2230: 1923: 1892: 1718:), rack dimensioning and design, number of racks, number and typology of retrieval systems (e.g. 1615: 1577: 1554: 1456: 1309: 1243: 1215: 1210: 1157: 1039: 954: 837: 246: 154: 2185: – Function of understanding stock mix of a company and the different demands on that stock 1052:

in military logistics often deals with a number of variables in predicting cost, deterioration,

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D.F. Bozutti, M.A. Bueno-Da-Costa, R. Ruggeri, Logística: Visão Global e Picking, EdUFSCar 2010

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Mallik, Susan (2010). "Customer Service in Supply Chain Management". In Hossein Bidgoil (ed.).

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for companies that rely on the effective operation of their warehouse or distribution center.

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are combinations of individual items which are moved by handling systems, usually employing a

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Outsourcing does not have to be complete externalization to an LSP, but can also be partial:

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Other metrics may present themselves in both physical or monetary form, such as the standard

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or from an Automatic Vertical Storage System (AVSS). Automatic picking is done either with

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sustain a competitive advantage, thus bringing about new levels of logistics outsourcing.

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or deposit, a standard type of warehouse for storing merchandise (high level of inventory)

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Waters D., Logistics: An Introduction to Supply Chain Management, Palgrave Macmillan 2003

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Configuration at the level of the distribution system concerns primarily the problem of

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according to the needs of customers. Logistics management is a component that holds the

4160: 2088: 1796: 1759: 1727: 1707: 1592: 1565: 1507: 1496: 1415: 1238: 779: 177: 1722:). Some important constraints have to be satisfied: fork and load beams resistance to 1287: 916: 236: 66: 4226: 4180: 4125: 4027: 3976: 3111:"Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in Hong Kong (CILTHK) – PQE Programs" 3048: 2996: 2933: 2188: 2060: 1929: 1842: 1804: 1788: 1740: 1731: 1662: 1600: 1525: 1513: 1400: 1147: 1009: 813: 493: 169: 2610: 2559: 2482: 1467: 1107: 17: 2663:

What is Logistics Management? Meaning, Importance, Basic Functions & Strategies

1763: 1700: 1427: 1411: 1313: 1195: 1137: 1025: 1001: 972: 805: 226: 147: 125: 117: 2981:"The Emerging Role of the Third-Party Logistics Provider (3PL) as an Orchestrator" 3343: 3312: 3288: 2393: 2340: 1474:, which serve a protective function, for transportation of luggage at the airport 636:

in waves when compared to traditional logistics, where the demand is consistent.

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Traditionally in logistics, configuration may be at the level of the warehouse (

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can be done manually through carts or conveyor belts, or automatically through

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section – The definition of logistics lacks references so it may be inaccurate

2618: 2227: – Defense acquisition strategy for cost-effective weapon system support 344:

The term is credited to Jomini, and the term and its etymology criticized by

278: 3911: 2838:

Lambert D., Stock J., Ellram L., Fundamentals of Logistics, McGraw-Hill 1998

2200: 2140: 1947: 1939: 1860:

At the level of the distribution network, tactical decisions involve mainly

1641: 1626: 1471: 1379: 113: 3015:"The interplay of different types of governance in horizontal cooperations" 2445:

Le Spectateur militaire: Recueil de science, d'art et d'histoire militaires

2238: – Geographic area or customer group managed by a sales representative 1868:

path optimization. Note that the logistician may be required to manage the

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of Logistics and Transport in Hong Kong (CILTHK) in Hong Kong. In the UK,

975:. Animals have been used for logistical transport throughout history; the 2203: – Standardized contract terms regarding transportation and delivery 2147: 1800: 1611: 1352: 1345: 1292: 988: 600: 596: 3379:

Preclík Vratislav: Průmyslová logistika (Industrial logistics), 359 p.,

1625:

Merchandise being transported internationally is usually subject to the

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Logistics & Supply Chain Management: creating value-adding networks

2170: – Methods of automatically identifying objects by computer system 2079:

The Global Institute of Logistics established in New York in 2003 is a

2020: 1736: 1723: 1531: 1356: 624: 400: 389: 129: 1434:, although using other company brands, actually own the point of sale. 3369:. First Edition. Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London 2016. 3298: 1715: 1658: 1604: 1482: 1046:

manage how and when to move resources to the places they are needed.

800:

since it concerns highly complicated technological systems for which

2019:

Industrial machinery can typically identify products through either

551:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 2979:

Zacharia, Zach G.; Sanders, Nada R.; Nix, Nancy W. (1 April 2011).

2680:

https://www.academia.edu/2450333/Logistics_of_the_Roman_Army_at_War

2678:

J.P. Roth, The logistics of Roman army at war (264 B.C. -A.D. 235)

2593:

Agrawal, Saurabh; Singh, Rajesh K.; Murtaza, Qasim (1 April 2015).

2067:

or institutions for the logistics and transport sectors that offer

435:

and related terms. Some sources give this instead as the source of

3226: 2154: 1976: 1652: 1640: 1547: 1466: 1286: 968: 958: 928: with: Graphical representation of Seven R's. You can help by 614: 590: 578: 205: 197: 107: 3204: 1568:. These shipping methods can be combined in various ways such as 439:, either ignorant of Jomini's statement that it was derived from 2024: 1499:(either static or movable), cantilever racks and gravity racks. 214:

inventories supplies in a storeroom aboard the aircraft carrier

3394: 2339:

Ghiani, Gianpaolo; Laporte, Gilbert; Musmanno, Roberto (2004).

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Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering

2059:(CILT), established in the United Kingdom in 1919, received a 1919:

A single contract for supplying a specific service on occasion

1591:

are usually assembled into higher standardized units such as:

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Handfield, R.B., Straube, F., Pfohl, H.C. & Wieland, A.,

488:

Academics and practitioners traditionally refer to the terms

481:

that creates "people systems" rather than "machine systems".

427:; the mathematical term is presumably the origin of the term 27:"Logistics Management" redirects here. For the magazine, see 3285:

Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army

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service levels after these only increases sales marginally.

2595:"A literature review and perspectives in reverse logistics" 2378:"The Role of Marketing Channels in Supply Chain Management" 1739:

when designing the conveyor system or installing automatic

1684:

models for managing inventory in the nodes of the network.

418: 3172:"International Association of Public Health Logisiticians" 587:

in preparation for its transport to a manufacturing plant

2734:

Cloutier, Peter J.; Frank, Brian K. (July–August 2009).

1954:

Horizontal alliances between logistics service providers

1332:. The main functions of a qualified logistician include 1028:

are attributed by some scholars to logistical failures.

889:

Right product (including the right information about it)

180:, logistics costs were 8.8% to 11.5% of GDP as of 1993. 3295:

Civil War Logistics: A Study of Military Transportation

2573:"Distribution logistics - definition, basics, examples" 2464:"Ancient logistics – historical timeline and etymology" 2253: – Distributed data store for digital transactions 2246:

Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

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Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

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Introduction to Logistics Systems Planning and Control

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Factories where products are manufactured or assembled

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is attested in English from 1846, and is from French:

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Esercitazioni e temi d'esame di Logistica Industriale

1750:

of the nodes in geographic space and distribution of

263:). The term appears in the 1830 edition, then titled 202:

A warehouse implementing a pallet rack storage system

1899:, WMS and WCS can resolve these issues and maximize 1783:

Two level network: central and peripheral warehouses

1008:

and the success of the Anglo-Portuguese army in the

4113: 4082: 4046: 4018: 3990: 3902: 3876: 3804: 3778: 3735: 3703: 3659: 3648: 3594: 3529: 3522: 3511: 3446: 2221: – Software for tracking stock levels and flow 1295:operator stacking warehouse of goods on pallets in 2179: – Design of systems for electronic documents 1839:different areas according to their access index). 3019:The International Journal of Logistics Management 2846: 2844: 2560:http://www.na-businesspress.com/jsis/misraweb.pdf 2371: 2369: 2295:"Report details surge in warehouse construction…" 1754:among the nodes. The first may be referred to as 979:preferred mules over donkeys for cargo transport. 172:incurred about 11% of the United States national 124:for logistics and warehouse construction outside 2462:Tepic, J.; Tanackov, I.; Stojić, Gordan (2011). 3331:Donald Bowersox, David Closs, M. Bixby Cooper, 2063:in 1926. The Chartered Institute is one of the 1735:managing the warehouse, the same reasoning for 455: 350: 330: 271:), and Jomini explains that it is derived from 245:, where it was either coined or popularized by 3287:, University of California Press (194 pages). 3008: 3006: 2345:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1, 5, 10–15. 2270: – Robotic warehouse for physical objects 2057:Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport 689:Reliability, availability, and maintainability 3406: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 1856:Picking logic: order picking vs batch picking 1657:In this particular airline logistic network, 1495:Storage systems include: pile stocking, cell 1371:The nodes of a distribution network include: 1268: 778:, path optimization, vehicle saturation, and 8: 3305:The Sinews of War: Army Logistics, 1775–1953 2630: 2628: 2409: 2407: 1430:will be mostly owned by another company and 599:truck loads a pallet of humanitarian aid to 440: 377: 352: 332: 258: 3326:Business Logistics: Supply Chain Management 2209: – Intermodal freight transport system 2004:is the application of computer software or 1799:, innovation in transportation means (both 3656: 3526: 3519: 3413: 3399: 3391: 3040:10398/4de0953a-3920-409a-b63a-60342c976528 3013:Raue, Jan Simon; Wieland, Andreas (2015). 1699:) or at level of the distribution system ( 1275: 1261: 1085: 3038: 2168:Automated identification and data capture 567:Learn how and when to remove this message 96:Learn how and when to remove this message 453:Jomini originally defined logistics as: 403:of the existing mathematical term, from 3324:Ronald H. Ballou, Samir K. Srivastava, 2793: 2791: 2514:Material Handling & Logistics News 2285: 2215: – Type of logistics services firm 2032:Logistics: profession and organizations 1876:Warehouse management system and control 1344:, consultation, and the organizing and 1228: 1175: 1114: 1089: 1088: 290:'lodgings' (cognate to English 2961: 2950: 2901: 2889: 2878: 2268:Automated storage and retrieval system 2146:The Canadian Forces Logistics Museum ( 1983:automated storage and retrieval system 1649:rack system for storage of motorcycles 1410:" retail stores, modern supermarkets, 967:using mules for transporting cargo in 907:(with the) right (financial) resources 3350:Integrated Logistics Support Handbook 2599:Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2197: – Handles logistics for freight 1359:, such as restructuring a warehouse. 7: 3360:Logistics Engineering and Management 3133:LogiNext Solutions-date=20 June 2019 1883:(WMS) can differ significantly from 1780:One level network: central warehouse 1583:Cargo can be organized in different 470:defines logistics as "the branch of 385:Dictionnaire de l'Académie française 328:'major-general of lodging': 4090:Bachelor of Business Administration 3352:, McGraw-Hill Logistics Series 2006 2872:Supply & Demand Chain Executive 2761:(1 ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: 2736:"The Joint Logistics Analysis Tool" 1308:and aims to manage the fruition of 313:'marshall of lodgings' and 41:Management of the flow of resources 4191:Organizational behavior management 3252:"Canadian Forces Logistics Museum" 2724:(July 2007), 14#3 pp 310–324, 2264: – Type of autonomous vehicle 2120:Museum of Logistics (Tokyo, Japan) 376:Chambray also notes that the term 25: 4105:Doctor of Business Administration 4095:Master of Business Administration 3333:Supply Chain Logistics Management 2126:Logistics Museum (Beijing, China) 2091:in the maritime logistics chain. 1631:International Chamber of Commerce 509:as a side effect of advertising. 4206: 2997:10.1111/j.2158-1592.2011.01004.x 2934:10.1111/j.2158-1592.2011.01008.x 2798:Ruggeri, R.; Perego, A. (2001). 1106: 1101: 1096: 915: 696:Point-of-sale material logistics 521: 128:, where trucks deliver slabs of 50: 2611:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.009 1620:multi-modal transport operators 1363:Nodes of a distribution network 1355:of resources to carry out some 78:check for citation inaccuracies 29:Logistics Management (magazine) 4069:Chartered Management Institute 2276: – Type of portable robot 2244: – Data storage technique 2087:logistics and the role of the 1686:Distribution resource planning 1316:, and resultant efficiencies. 1163:Distribution resource planning 611:in the country in August 2010. 477:New Oxford American Dictionary 1: 3227:"Museum of Logistics | 物流博物館" 3151:Global Institute of Logistics 2985:Journal of Business Logistics 2922:Journal of Business Logistics 2505:. Retrieved 21 February 2012. 2219:Inventory management software 1872:along with the forward flow. 1463:Handling and order processing 1439:Logistic families and metrics 816:and military supercomputers. 3438:Index of management articles 3362:, Pearson Prentice Hall 2004 2394:10.1016/j.jretai.2015.03.003 2014:enterprise resource planning 1995:Riverside County, California 1881:Warehouse management systems 1637:Configuration and management 1559:less-than-truckload shipping 1506:transportation, control and 1033:Integrated logistics support 1014:American War of Independence 776:intermodal freight transport 619:The Logistics Centre of the 423:, a traditional division of 419: 260:Précis de l'Art de la Guerre 4074:Critical management studies 3937:Full range leadership model 2225:Performance-based logistics 2213:Integrated Service Provider 2137:Royal Logistic Corps Museum 2069:professional qualifications 1422:, groups of consumers with 1191:Warehouse management system 741:Logistics Performance Index 547:the claims made and adding 4259: 4064:Certified Business Manager 3283:Engels, Donald W. (1980). 2293:Jon Hurdle (13 May 2021). 2183:Field inventory management 2143:, England, United Kingdom) 2046:Kühne Logistics University 1970: 1758:(with the special case of 1714:method (manual or through 1545: 1418:or also voluntary chains, 1206:Field inventory management 1058:United States Armed Forces 952: 408: 223:Operation Enduring Freedom 36:Logistics (disambiguation) 33: 26: 4204: 3932:Evidence-based management 3428: 3328:, Pearson Education, 2007 3303:Huston, James A. (1966). 3031:10.1108/IJLM-08-2012-0083 2869:John T. Phelan, Jr. P.E. 2242:Storage management system 1885:warehouse control systems 1528:or depalletizing robots. 1056:, and future demand. The 708:Capital project logistics 467:Oxford English Dictionary 361:, étymologie singulière … 353: 333: 255:Summary of the Art of War 176:(GDP) as of 1997. In the 166:single-machine scheduling 4186:Organization development 3942:Management by objectives 2274:Automated guided vehicle 2010:supply chain engineering 1726:and proper placement of 1629:standards issued by the 1420:consumers' co-operatives 1153:Sustainable distribution 372:, a peculiar etymology … 253:, who defined it in his 3967:Social entrepreneurship 3927:Earned value management 2124:Beijing Wuzi University 1807:), the introduction of 1682:Economic Order Quantity 1424:collective buying power 1330:supply-chain management 1297:Allentown, Pennsylvania 1230:Industry classification 1050:Supply chain management 904:(to) the right customer 820:Asset control logistics 693:Asset control logistics 503:supply chain management 319:major-général des logis 140:supply chain management 71:. The reason given is: 4213:Systems science portal 4156:Management development 4151:Management cybernetics 4136:Executive compensation 3972:Sustainable management 3834:Information technology 3814:Environmental resource 3342:, Prentice Hall 2010. 3129:"Logistics Management" 2960:Cite journal requires 2700:Ayrault Dodge Theodore 1998: 1991:March Air Reserve Base 1940:warehousing facilities 1669: 1650: 1485:of normed dimensions. 1475: 1300: 1186:Packaging and labeling 1016:and the defeat of the 980: 874:Construction logistics 833:humanitarian logistics 747:Distribution logistics 714:Humanitarian logistics 705:Construction logistics 660:Distribution logistics 628: 612: 588: 462: 441: 396: 378: 374: 342: 318: 301: 291: 277: 276: 259: 242: 235: 230: 203: 174:gross domestic product 132: 4176:Managerial psychology 4141:Management consulting 3962:Scientific management 3745:Customer relationship 3433:Outline of management 2763:John Wiley & Sons 1980: 1936:Third-party logistics 1907:Logistics outsourcing 1775:Direct store delivery 1678:operations management 1656: 1644: 1470: 1290: 1168:Third-party logistics 1062:supply classification 962: 812:are essential, e.g., 720:Procurement logistics 663:After-sales logistics 657:Procurement logistics 618: 594: 582: 499:operations management 209: 201: 111: 4171:Managerial economics 4131:Corporate governance 4038:Oliver E. Williamson 3917:Collaborative method 2802:(in Italian). CUSL. 2571:Hofmann, Sebastian. 2382:Journal of Retailing 2074:Logistics Management 2002:Logistics automation 1973:Logistics automation 1967:Logistics automation 1688:(DRP) is similar to 1661:serves as a network 1574:multimodal transport 1570:intermodal transport 1492:and other handlers. 1444:different families: 1386:Distribution centers 1334:inventory management 1128:Digital distribution 1123:Distribution centers 1115:Distribution methods 850:production logistics 790:Logistic engineering 702:Production logistics 513:Logistics activities 251:Antoine-Henri Jomini 212:logistics specialist 144:point of consumption 122:East Coast epicenter 34:For other uses, see 18:Logistics management 4243:Systems engineering 4033:Eliyahu M. Goldratt 3201:logistics-museum.ru 2503:Oxford Dictionaries 2297:. NJ Spotlight News 2257:Dutch flower bucket 2177:Document automation 2065:professional bodies 2050:Klaus Michael Kühne 1585:shipment categories 1522:horizontal carousel 1399:Transit points for 1310:project life cycles 1249:Commercial aviation 1201:Delivery (commerce) 993:Alexander the Great 892:(At) right quantity 827:Emergency logistics 699:Emergency logistics 682:Domestics logistics 607:aircraft following 382:was present in the 346:Georges de Chambray 249:officer and writer 185:simulation software 162:production planning 4196:Pointy-haired Boss 4146:Management control 3982:Virtual management 3335:, McGraw-Hill 2012 3309:United States Army 3197:"Logistics Museum" 2262:Self-driving truck 2231:Physical inventory 2153:Logistics Museum ( 2131:Military logistics 2113:Logistics Museum ( 1999: 1997:, in December 1995 1960:business alliances 1893:stock-keeping unit 1777:, i.e. zero levels 1710:cells, choosing a 1670: 1651: 1616:freight forwarders 1578:combined transport 1555:economics of scale 1476: 1457:inventory turnover 1340:, transportation, 1321:business logistics 1301: 1244:Maritime transport 1216:Stock keeping unit 1211:Inventory turnover 1177:Management systems 1158:Commercial vehicle 1090:Business logistics 1082:Business logistics 1044:Logistics Officers 1040:military logistics 997:Duke of Wellington 981: 955:Military logistics 949:Military logistics 838:aircraft on ground 798:military logistics 794:business logistics 754:Disposal logistics 666:Disposal logistics 647:Outbound logistics 629: 613: 609:devastating floods 589: 532:possibly contains 348:in 1832, writing: 303:maréchal des logis 269:Tableau Analytique 231: 204: 155:military logistics 133: 4220: 4219: 4166:Management system 4100:PhD in management 3872: 3871: 3731: 3730: 3644: 3643: 3612:Product lifecycle 3375:978-3-662-48513-2 2900:Missing or empty 2888:Missing or empty 2772:978-0-470-24948-2 2471:Technical Gazette 2195:Freight forwarder 2150:, Quebec, Canada) 2108:General logistics 2099:Logistics museums 2089:seaport authority 2039:freight forwarder 1985:used by both the 1862:inventory control 1756:facility location 1394:order fulfillment 1285: 1284: 1143:Order fulfillment 985:military strategy 946: 945: 860:Track and tracing 765:forward logistics 760:Reverse logistics 730:Advance logistics 711:Digital logistics 685:Concierge service 670:Reverse logistics 640:Inbound logistics 621:Finnish Red Cross 577: 576: 569: 534:original research 425:Greek mathematics 417: 395:The French word: 388:as a synonym for 327: 312: 289: 218:George H. W. Bush 106: 105: 98: 16:(Redirected from 4250: 4210: 3947:Management style 3657: 3527: 3520: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3392: 3338:M. Christopher: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3258:. Archived from 3256:Montreal Museums 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3203:. Archived from 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3143: 3137: 3136: 3125: 3119: 3118: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3073:on 3 August 2020 3069:. Archived from 3059: 3053: 3052: 3042: 3010: 3001: 3000: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2963: 2958: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2937: 2916: 2910: 2909: 2903: 2897: 2891: 2886: 2884: 2876: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2848: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2820: 2814: 2813: 2795: 2786: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2740:Army Logistician 2731: 2725: 2718: 2712: 2709: 2703: 2697: 2691: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2670: 2664: 2659: 2653: 2650: 2644: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2623: 2622: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2539: 2533:. 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Archived from 2468: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2411: 2402: 2401: 2373: 2364: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2336: 2311: 2310: 2304: 2302: 2290: 2247: 2207:Containerization 2173: 2115:Saint Petersburg 1833:expiration dates 1503:Order processing 1390:order processing 1306:industry sectors 1277: 1270: 1263: 1133:Order processing 1110: 1105: 1100: 1086: 941: 938: 919: 911: 792:) combines both 736:Global logistics 679:Global logistics 585:thermal oxidizer 572: 565: 561: 558: 552: 549:inline citations 525: 524: 517: 472:military science 444: 422: 412: 410: 381: 363: 362: 337: 336: 322: 307: 296:), in the terms 284: 262: 229:in October 2011. 101: 94: 90: 87: 81: 54: 53: 46: 21: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4223: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4200: 4109: 4078: 4059:Business school 4042: 4020: 4014: 4000:Decision-making 3992: 3986: 3957:Micromanagement 3952:Macromanagement 3904: 3898: 3868: 3824:Human resources 3819:Field inventory 3800: 3774: 3737: 3727: 3699: 3652: 3650: 3640: 3590: 3533: 3515: 3513: 3507: 3449:of organization 3448: 3442: 3424: 3419: 3356:B. S. Blanchard 3280: 3278:Further reading 3275: 3265: 3263: 3262:on 20 June 2019 3250: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3231:www.lmuse.or.jp 3225: 3224: 3220: 3210: 3208: 3207:on 20 June 2019 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3170: 3169: 3165: 3155: 3153: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3127: 3126: 3122: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3091: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3074: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3012: 3011: 3004: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2959: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2941: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2899: 2887: 2877: 2868: 2867: 2863: 2858: 2854: 2849: 2842: 2837: 2833: 2822: 2821: 2817: 2810: 2797: 2796: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2765:. p. 104. 2756: 2755: 2751: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2722:War in History, 2719: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2415:Baron de Jomini 2413: 2412: 2405: 2375: 2374: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2338: 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4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4215: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4181:Managerialism 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4126:Collaboration 4124: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4096: 4093: 4091: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4057: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4049: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4028:Peter Drucker 4026: 4025: 4023: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3978: 3977:Team building 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3907: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 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Jones: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3323: 3320: 3316: 3314: 3311:(789 pages). 3310: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3299:online review 3296: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3247: 3244: 3232: 3228: 3222: 3219: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3192: 3189: 3177: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3152: 3148: 3142: 3139: 3134: 3130: 3124: 3121: 3116: 3112: 3106: 3103: 3098: 3094: 3088: 3085: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3058: 3055: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3009: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2975: 2972: 2967: 2954: 2943: 2940: 2935: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2915: 2912: 2907: 2895: 2882: 2874: 2873: 2865: 2862: 2856: 2853: 2847: 2845: 2841: 2835: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2714: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2696: 2693: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2675: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2589: 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1988: 1987:U.S. military 1984: 1979: 1974: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1944: 1941: 1937: 1931: 1930:joint venture 1927: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1913: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1875: 1873: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1840: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1805:thoroughfares 1802: 1798: 1792: 1790: 1789:safety stocks 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1648: 1643: 1636: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1606: 1602: 1601:semi-trailers 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1498: 1493: 1491: 1486: 1484: 1480: 1473: 1469: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1406:Traditional " 1405: 1402: 1401:cross-docking 1398: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1362: 1360: 1358: 1354: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1325: 1322: 1317: 1315: 1314:supply chains 1311: 1307: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1148:Cross-docking 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1120: 1119: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1072: 1066: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1010:Peninsula War 1007: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 986: 978: 974: 970: 966: 961: 956: 948: 940: 937:November 2022 931: 927: 924:This section 922: 918: 913: 912: 906: 903: 900: 897: 894: 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179: 175: 171: 170:United States 167: 163: 158: 156: 151: 149: 145: 141: 137: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 110: 100: 97: 89: 86:November 2022 79: 74: 70: 68: 64: 59:This section 57: 48: 47: 44: 37: 30: 19: 4211: 3765:Supply chain 3754: 3738:relationship 3736:On aspect or 3629:Construction 3595:On component 3516:organization 3488:Intelligence 3366: 3359: 3349: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3304: 3294: 3284: 3264:. 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