4928:
2403:
4914:
4952:
4940:
2390:
survival curveânamely, that censoring is unrelated to prognosis, the survival probabilities are the same for subjects recruited early and late in the study, and the events happened at the times specified. Deviations from these assumptions matter most if they are satisfied differently in the groups
1234:
87:
of the two groups at each observed event time. It is constructed by computing the observed and expected number of events in one of the groups at each observed event time and then adding these to obtain an overall summary across all-time points where there is an event.
920:
1737:
47:
to establish the efficacy of a new treatment in comparison with a control treatment when the measurement is the time to event (such as the time from initial treatment to a heart attack). The test is sometimes called the
2229:
The logrank statistic is asymptotically equivalent to the likelihood ratio test statistic for any family of distributions with proportional hazard alternative. For example, if the data from the two samples have
1062:
2361:
2156:
2102:
1357:. An improved approximation can be obtained by equating this quantity to Pearson type I or II (beta) distributions with matching first four moments, as described in Appendix B of the Peto and Peto paper.
1599:
760:
2199:
1548:
is the expected number of events at the time of the analysis), and the proportion of subjects randomized to each group is 50%, then the logrank statistic is approximately normal with mean
765:
501:
423:
358:
2304:
1416:
1994:
961:
1764:
1443:
121:
1791:
1900:
1645:
1483:
1619:
1463:
1383:
1027:
994:
657:
593:
273:
240:
187:
154:
2048:
2021:
1954:
1927:
1880:
1853:
1826:
1315:
1054:
684:
624:
560:
528:
4049:
1260:
1546:
4554:
2275:
2255:
1523:
1503:
1355:
1335:
1280:
293:
207:
2201:. Calculations involving the joint distribution are needed to correctly maintain the error rate when the data are examined multiple times within a study by a
4704:
4328:
53:
2969:
1650:
4102:
4541:
4983:
2964:
2664:
1229:{\displaystyle Z_{i}={\frac {\sum _{j=1}^{J}(O_{i,j}-E_{i,j})}{\sqrt {\sum _{j=1}^{J}V_{i,j}}}}\ {\xrightarrow {d}}\ {\mathcal {N}}(0,1)}
3568:
2716:
4351:
4243:
2309:
2107:
2053:
1551:
4956:
4529:
4403:
2363:. This relationship is useful when two of the quantities are known (e.g. from a published article), but the third one is needed.
2366:
The logrank statistic can be used when observations are censored. If censored observations are not present in the data then the
4587:
4248:
3993:
3364:
2954:
3578:
1365:
If the two groups have the same survival function, the logrank statistic is approximately standard normal. A one-sided level
4638:
3850:
3657:
3546:
3504:
2539:
2743:
689:
4881:
3840:
3890:
4432:
4381:
4366:
4356:
4225:
4097:
4064:
3845:
3675:
4501:
3802:
4776:
4577:
3556:
3225:
2689:
2219:
596:
4661:
4628:
2416:
2387:
915:{\displaystyle V_{i,j}=E_{i,j}\left({\frac {N_{j}-O_{j}}{N_{j}}}\right)\left({\frac {N_{j}-N_{i,j}}{N_{j}-1}}\right)}
2373:
The logrank statistic gives all calculations the same weight, regardless of the time at which an event occurs. The
2161:
4978:
4633:
4376:
4135:
4041:
4021:
3929:
3640:
3458:
2941:
2813:
1337:
approaches infinity and therefore can be approximated by the standard normal distribution for a sufficiently large
3807:
3573:
3431:
4393:
4161:
3882:
3736:
3665:
3585:
3443:
3424:
3132:
2853:
2202:
4506:
4876:
4643:
4191:
4156:
4120:
3905:
3347:
3256:
3215:
3127:
2818:
2657:
2555:
Schoenfeld, D (1981). "The asymptotic properties of nonparametric tests for comparing survival distributions".
2231:
3913:
3897:
435:
4785:
4398:
4338:
4275:
3635:
3497:
3487:
3337:
3251:
189:
be the number of subjects "at risk" (who have not yet had an event or been censored) at the start of period
4546:
4483:
363:
298:
4823:
4753:
4238:
4125:
3122:
3019:
2926:
2805:
2704:
2367:
40:
4944:
3822:
4848:
4790:
4733:
4559:
4452:
4361:
4087:
3971:
3830:
3712:
3704:
3519:
3415:
3393:
3352:
3317:
3284:
3230:
3205:
3160:
3099:
3059:
2861:
2684:
2223:
1287:
4927:
3817:
2402:
2374:
2280:
2444:(1966). "Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration".
1388:
4771:
4346:
4295:
4271:
4233:
4151:
4130:
4082:
3961:
3939:
3908:
3694:
3645:
3563:
3536:
3492:
3448:
3210:
2986:
2866:
1959:
4918:
4843:
4766:
4447:
4211:
4204:
4166:
4074:
4054:
4026:
3759:
3625:
3620:
3610:
3602:
3420:
3381:
3271:
3261:
3170:
2949:
2905:
2823:
2748:
2650:
1882:
earlier). Again, assume the hazard functions in the two groups are proportional with hazard ratio
928:
4493:
4932:
4743:
4597:
4442:
4318:
4215:
4199:
4176:
3953:
3687:
3670:
3630:
3541:
3436:
3398:
3369:
3329:
3289:
3235:
3152:
2838:
2833:
2572:
2504:
2408:
1742:
1421:
94:
1769:
4838:
4808:
4800:
4620:
4611:
4536:
4467:
4323:
4308:
4283:
4171:
4112:
3978:
3966:
3592:
3509:
3453:
3376:
3220:
3142:
2921:
2795:
2628:
2535:
2453:
1885:
1624:
1468:
32:
1604:
1448:
1368:
999:
966:
629:
565:
245:
212:
159:
126:
4863:
4818:
4582:
4569:
4462:
4437:
4371:
4303:
4181:
3789:
3682:
3615:
3528:
3475:
3294:
3165:
2959:
2758:
2725:
2618:
2610:
2564:
2527:
2494:
2486:
2377:
statistic gives more weight to earlier events when there are a large number of observations.
2026:
1999:
1932:
1905:
1858:
1831:
1804:
1293:
1032:
662:
602:
533:
506:
4780:
4524:
4386:
4313:
3988:
3862:
3835:
3812:
3781:
3408:
3403:
3357:
3087:
2738:
429:
44:
28:
1239:
1528:
4729:
4724:
3187:
3117:
2763:
2260:
2240:
1508:
1488:
1340:
1320:
1265:
278:
192:
2623:
2598:
4972:
4886:
4853:
4716:
4677:
4488:
4457:
3921:
3875:
3480:
3182:
3009:
2773:
2768:
2441:
1956:
are the probabilities that a subject will have an event at the two time points where
60:
36:
3039:
1525:
is the probability a subject in either group will eventually have an event (so that
4828:
4761:
4738:
4653:
3983:
3279:
3177:
3112:
3054:
2976:
2931:
2590:
2474:
2421:
2391:
being compared, for example if censoring is more likely in one group than another.
84:
68:
2477:; Peto, Julian (1972). "Asymptotically Efficient Rank Invariant Test Procedures".
1732:{\displaystyle n={\frac {4\,(z_{\alpha }+z_{\beta })^{2}}{d\log ^{2}{\lambda }}}}
4871:
4833:
4516:
4417:
4279:
4092:
4059:
3551:
3468:
3463:
3107:
3064:
3044:
3024:
3014:
2783:
2594:
2531:
72:
3717:
3197:
2897:
2828:
2778:
2753:
2673:
2614:
2568:
2499:
2398:
2215:
3870:
3722:
3342:
3137:
3049:
3034:
3029:
2994:
43:(technically, the censoring must be non-informative). It is widely used in
2632:
1855:
are the logrank statistics at two different time points in the same study (
2457:
3386:
3004:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2843:
4891:
4592:
2576:
2508:
2222:
comparing two groups. It is therefore asymptotically equivalent to the
1465:
quantile of the standard normal distribution. If the hazard ratio is
4813:
3794:
3768:
3748:
2999:
2790:
2522:
Harrington, David (2005). "Linear Rank Tests in
Survival Analysis".
2490:
1194:
16:
Hypothesis test to compare the survival distributions of two samples
91:
Consider two groups of patients, e.g., treatment vs. control. Let
2733:
4702:
4269:
4016:
3315:
3085:
2702:
2646:
39:
test and appropriate to use when the data are right skewed and
2356:{\displaystyle \log {\hat {\lambda }}\approx Z\,{\sqrt {4/D}}}
2151:{\displaystyle \log {\lambda }\,{\sqrt {\frac {n\,d_{2}}{4}}}}
2097:{\displaystyle \log {\lambda }\,{\sqrt {\frac {n\,d_{1}}{4}}}}
123:
be the distinct times of observed events in either group. Let
2642:
1594:{\displaystyle (\log {\lambda })\,{\sqrt {\frac {n\,d}{4}}}}
1206:
52:. The logrank test can also be viewed as a time-stratified
2386:
The logrank test is based on the same assumptions as the
432:
is that the two groups have identical hazard functions,
1793:
are the quantiles of the standard normal distribution.
1317:
converges to that of a standard normal distribution as
275:
be the observed number of events in the groups at time
2312:
2283:
2263:
2243:
2164:
2110:
2056:
2029:
2002:
1962:
1935:
1908:
1888:
1861:
1834:
1807:
1772:
1745:
1653:
1627:
1607:
1554:
1531:
1511:
1491:
1471:
1451:
1424:
1391:
1371:
1343:
1323:
1296:
1268:
1242:
1065:
1035:
1002:
969:
931:
768:
755:{\displaystyle E_{i,j}=O_{j}{\frac {N_{i,j}}{N_{j}}}}
692:
665:
632:
605:
568:
536:
509:
438:
366:
301:
281:
248:
215:
195:
162:
129:
97:
83:
The logrank test statistic compares estimates of the
4555:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
4862:
4799:
4752:
4715:
4670:
4652:
4619:
4610:
4568:
4515:
4476:
4425:
4416:
4337:
4294:
4224:
4190:
4144:
4111:
4073:
4040:
3952:
3861:
3780:
3735:
3703:
3656:
3601:
3527:
3518:
3328:
3270:
3244:
3196:
3151:
3098:
2985:
2940:
2914:
2896:
2852:
2804:
2724:
2715:
2479:Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A
2355:
2298:
2269:
2249:
2193:
2150:
2096:
2042:
2015:
1988:
1948:
1921:
1894:
1874:
1847:
1820:
1785:
1758:
1731:
1639:
1613:
1593:
1540:
1517:
1497:
1477:
1457:
1437:
1410:
1377:
1349:
1329:
1309:
1274:
1254:
1228:
1048:
1021:
988:
955:
914:
754:
678:
651:
618:
587:
554:
522:
495:
417:
352:
287:
267:
234:
201:
181:
148:
115:
4103:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
2194:{\displaystyle {\sqrt {\frac {d_{1}}{d_{2}}}}}
2050:are approximately bivariate normal with means
2658:
8:
2214:The logrank statistic can be derived as the
4712:
4699:
4616:
4422:
4291:
4266:
4037:
4013:
3741:
3524:
3325:
3312:
3095:
3082:
2721:
2712:
2699:
2665:
2651:
2643:
2469:
2467:
2306:is the estimate of the hazard ratio, then
2622:
2498:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2262:
2242:
2182:
2172:
2165:
2163:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2081:
2076:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2055:
2034:
2028:
2007:
2001:
1980:
1967:
1961:
1940:
1934:
1913:
1907:
1887:
1866:
1860:
1839:
1833:
1812:
1806:
1777:
1771:
1750:
1744:
1721:
1712:
1697:
1687:
1674:
1666:
1660:
1652:
1626:
1606:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1564:
1553:
1530:
1510:
1490:
1470:
1450:
1429:
1423:
1402:
1390:
1370:
1342:
1322:
1301:
1295:
1267:
1241:
1205:
1204:
1189:
1171:
1161:
1150:
1129:
1110:
1097:
1086:
1079:
1070:
1064:
1040:
1034:
1007:
1001:
974:
968:
930:
893:
875:
862:
855:
839:
828:
815:
808:
792:
773:
767:
744:
728:
722:
716:
697:
691:
670:
664:
637:
631:
610:
604:
573:
567:
535:
514:
508:
478:
456:
443:
437:
403:
384:
371:
365:
338:
319:
306:
300:
280:
253:
247:
220:
214:
194:
167:
161:
134:
128:
96:
1385:test will reject the null hypothesis if
2433:
1601:and variance 1. For a one-sided level
686:. This distribution has expected value
496:{\displaystyle H_{0}:h_{1}(t)=h_{2}(t)}
35:distributions of two samples. It is a
4629:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
2277:is the number of events observed, and
418:{\displaystyle O_{j}=O_{1,j}+O_{2,j}}
353:{\displaystyle N_{j}=N_{1,j}+N_{2,j}}
7:
4939:
4639:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
2485:(2). Blackwell Publishing: 185â207.
4951:
4234:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
4329:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
2955:Pearson product-moment correlation
14:
2299:{\displaystyle {\hat {\lambda }}}
963:, the logrank statistic compares
209:in the groups, respectively. Let
4950:
4938:
4926:
4913:
4912:
2401:
2226:statistic based from that model.
2209:Relationship to other statistics
1411:{\displaystyle Z>z_{\alpha }}
4588:Least-squares spectral analysis
1989:{\displaystyle d_{1}\leq d_{2}}
59:The test was first proposed by
3569:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
2325:
2290:
2220:Cox proportional hazards model
1694:
1667:
1647:, the sample size required is
1569:
1555:
1236: (for
1223:
1211:
1141:
1103:
490:
484:
468:
462:
1:
4984:Time series statistical tests
4882:Geographic information system
4098:Simultaneous equations models
2524:Encyclopedia of Biostatistics
956:{\displaystyle j=1,\ldots ,J}
4065:Coefficient of determination
3676:Uniformly most powerful test
54:CochranâMantelâHaenszel test
4634:Proportional hazards models
4578:Spectral density estimation
4560:Vector autoregression (VAR)
3994:Maximum posterior estimator
3226:Randomized controlled trial
2532:10.1002/0470011815.b2a11047
2446:Cancer Chemotherapy Reports
1759:{\displaystyle z_{\alpha }}
1438:{\displaystyle z_{\alpha }}
1290:, the distribution of each
597:hypergeometric distribution
116:{\displaystyle 1,\ldots ,J}
5000:
4394:Multivariate distributions
2814:Average absolute deviation
2257:is the logrank statistic,
1786:{\displaystyle z_{\beta }}
4908:
4711:
4698:
4382:Structural equation model
4290:
4265:
4036:
4012:
3744:
3718:Score/Lagrange multiplier
3324:
3311:
3133:Sample size determination
3094:
3081:
2711:
2698:
2680:
2615:10.1136/bmj.328.7447.1073
2232:exponential distributions
2203:Data Monitoring Committee
4877:Environmental statistics
4399:Elliptical distributions
4192:Generalized linear model
4121:Simple linear regression
3891:HodgesâLehmann estimator
3348:Probability distribution
3257:Stochastic approximation
2819:Coefficient of variation
1895:{\displaystyle \lambda }
1640:{\displaystyle 1-\beta }
1478:{\displaystyle \lambda }
4537:Cross-correlation (XCF)
4145:Non-standard predictors
3579:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
3252:Adaptive clinical trial
2569:10.1093/biomet/68.1.316
1614:{\displaystyle \alpha }
1458:{\displaystyle \alpha }
1378:{\displaystyle \alpha }
1361:Asymptotic distribution
1022:{\displaystyle E_{i,j}}
989:{\displaystyle O_{i,j}}
652:{\displaystyle N_{i,j}}
588:{\displaystyle O_{i,j}}
268:{\displaystyle O_{2,j}}
235:{\displaystyle O_{1,j}}
182:{\displaystyle N_{2,j}}
149:{\displaystyle N_{1,j}}
4933:Mathematics portal
4754:Engineering statistics
4662:NelsonâAalen estimator
4239:Analysis of covariance
4126:Ordinary least squares
4050:Pearson product-moment
3454:Statistical functional
3365:Empirical distribution
3198:Controlled experiments
2927:Frequency distribution
2705:Descriptive statistics
2526:. Wiley Interscience.
2417:KaplanâMeier estimator
2368:Wilcoxon rank sum test
2357:
2300:
2271:
2251:
2195:
2152:
2098:
2044:
2017:
1990:
1950:
1923:
1896:
1876:
1849:
1822:
1787:
1760:
1733:
1641:
1615:
1595:
1542:
1519:
1499:
1479:
1459:
1439:
1412:
1379:
1351:
1331:
1311:
1276:
1256:
1230:
1166:
1102:
1050:
1023:
990:
957:
916:
756:
680:
653:
620:
589:
556:
524:
497:
419:
354:
289:
269:
236:
203:
183:
150:
117:
4849:Population statistics
4791:System identification
4525:Autocorrelation (ACF)
4453:Exponential smoothing
4367:Discriminant analysis
4362:Canonical correlation
4226:Partition of variance
4088:Regression validation
3932:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
3831:Likelihood-ratio test
3520:Frequentist inference
3432:Locationâscale family
3353:Sampling distribution
3318:Statistical inference
3285:Cross-sectional study
3272:Observational studies
3231:Randomized experiment
3060:Stem-and-leaf display
2862:Central limit theorem
2358:
2301:
2272:
2252:
2224:likelihood ratio test
2196:
2153:
2099:
2045:
2043:{\displaystyle Z_{2}}
2018:
2016:{\displaystyle Z_{1}}
1991:
1951:
1949:{\displaystyle d_{2}}
1924:
1922:{\displaystyle d_{1}}
1897:
1877:
1875:{\displaystyle Z_{1}}
1850:
1848:{\displaystyle Z_{2}}
1823:
1821:{\displaystyle Z_{1}}
1788:
1761:
1734:
1642:
1616:
1596:
1543:
1520:
1500:
1480:
1460:
1440:
1413:
1380:
1352:
1332:
1312:
1310:{\displaystyle Z_{i}}
1288:central limit theorem
1277:
1257:
1231:
1146:
1082:
1051:
1049:{\displaystyle H_{0}}
1024:
991:
958:
917:
757:
681:
679:{\displaystyle O_{j}}
654:
621:
619:{\displaystyle N_{j}}
590:
557:
555:{\displaystyle i=1,2}
525:
523:{\displaystyle H_{0}}
498:
420:
355:
290:
270:
237:
204:
184:
151:
118:
4772:Probabilistic design
4357:Principal components
4200:Exponential families
4152:Nonlinear regression
4131:General linear model
4093:Mixed effects models
4083:Errors and residuals
4060:Confounding variable
3962:Bayesian probability
3940:Van der Waerden test
3930:Ordered alternative
3695:Multiple comparisons
3574:RaoâBlackwellization
3537:Estimating equations
3493:Statistical distance
3211:Factorial experiment
2744:Arithmetic-Geometric
2310:
2281:
2261:
2241:
2162:
2108:
2054:
2027:
2000:
1960:
1933:
1906:
1886:
1859:
1832:
1805:
1770:
1743:
1651:
1625:
1605:
1552:
1529:
1509:
1489:
1469:
1449:
1422:
1389:
1369:
1341:
1321:
1294:
1266:
1240:
1063:
1033:
1000:
967:
929:
766:
690:
663:
630:
603:
566:
534:
507:
436:
364:
299:
279:
246:
213:
193:
160:
127:
95:
4844:Official statistics
4767:Methods engineering
4448:Seasonal adjustment
4216:Poisson regressions
4136:Bayesian regression
4075:Regression analysis
4055:Partial correlation
4027:Regression analysis
3626:Prediction interval
3621:Likelihood interval
3611:Confidence interval
3603:Interval estimation
3564:Unbiased estimators
3382:Model specification
3262:Up-and-down designs
2950:Partial correlation
2906:Index of dispersion
2824:Interquartile range
1255:{\displaystyle i=1}
1198:
1056:. It is defined as
996:to its expectation
4864:Spatial statistics
4744:Medical statistics
4644:First hitting time
4598:Whittle likelihood
4249:Degrees of freedom
4244:Multivariate ANOVA
4177:Heteroscedasticity
3989:Bayesian estimator
3954:Bayesian inference
3803:KolmogorovâSmirnov
3688:Randomization test
3658:Testing hypotheses
3631:Tolerance interval
3542:Maximum likelihood
3437:Exponential family
3370:Density estimation
3330:Statistical theory
3290:Natural experiment
3236:Scientific control
3153:Survey methodology
2839:Standard deviation
2599:"The logrank test"
2500:10338.dmlcz/103602
2409:Mathematics portal
2353:
2296:
2267:
2247:
2191:
2148:
2094:
2040:
2013:
1986:
1946:
1919:
1892:
1872:
1845:
1818:
1797:Joint distribution
1783:
1756:
1729:
1637:
1611:
1591:
1541:{\displaystyle nd}
1538:
1515:
1495:
1475:
1455:
1435:
1408:
1375:
1347:
1327:
1307:
1272:
1252:
1226:
1046:
1019:
986:
953:
912:
752:
676:
649:
616:
585:
552:
520:
493:
415:
350:
295:. Finally, define
285:
265:
232:
199:
179:
146:
113:
63:and was named the
4979:Survival analysis
4966:
4965:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4839:National accounts
4809:Actuarial science
4801:Social statistics
4694:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4621:Survival function
4606:
4605:
4468:Granger causality
4309:Contingency table
4284:Survival analysis
4261:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4113:Linear regression
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3979:Credible interval
3948:
3947:
3731:
3730:
3547:Method of moments
3416:Parametric family
3377:Statistical model
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3221:Random assignment
3143:Statistical power
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
2922:Contingency table
2892:
2891:
2759:Generalized/power
2375:Peto logrank test
2351:
2328:
2293:
2270:{\displaystyle D}
2250:{\displaystyle Z}
2189:
2188:
2146:
2145:
2092:
2091:
1727:
1589:
1588:
1518:{\displaystyle d}
1498:{\displaystyle n}
1350:{\displaystyle J}
1330:{\displaystyle J}
1275:{\displaystyle 2}
1203:
1199:
1188:
1184:
1183:
906:
845:
750:
530:, for each group
288:{\displaystyle j}
202:{\displaystyle j}
4991:
4954:
4953:
4942:
4941:
4931:
4930:
4916:
4915:
4819:Crime statistics
4713:
4700:
4617:
4583:Fourier analysis
4570:Frequency domain
4550:
4497:
4463:Structural break
4423:
4372:Cluster analysis
4319:Log-linear model
4292:
4267:
4208:
4182:Homoscedasticity
4038:
4014:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3916:(KruskalâWallis)
3901:
3886:
3841:Cross validation
3826:
3808:AndersonâDarling
3755:
3742:
3713:Likelihood-ratio
3705:Parametric tests
3683:Permutation test
3666:1- & 2-tails
3557:Minimum distance
3529:Point estimation
3525:
3476:Optimal decision
3427:
3326:
3313:
3295:Quasi-experiment
3245:Adaptive designs
3096:
3083:
2960:Rank correlation
2722:
2713:
2700:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2644:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2502:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2438:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2382:Test assumptions
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2321:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2158:and correlation
2157:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2012:
2011:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1843:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1792:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1765:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1716:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1679:
1678:
1661:
1646:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1621:test with power
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1568:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1524:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1505:total subjects,
1504:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1165:
1160:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1120:
1101:
1096:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1018:
1017:
995:
993:
992:
987:
985:
984:
962:
960:
959:
954:
921:
919:
918:
913:
911:
907:
905:
898:
897:
887:
886:
885:
867:
866:
856:
850:
846:
844:
843:
834:
833:
832:
820:
819:
809:
803:
802:
784:
783:
761:
759:
758:
753:
751:
749:
748:
739:
738:
723:
721:
720:
708:
707:
685:
683:
682:
677:
675:
674:
658:
656:
655:
650:
648:
647:
625:
623:
622:
617:
615:
614:
599:with parameters
594:
592:
591:
586:
584:
583:
561:
559:
558:
553:
529:
527:
526:
521:
519:
518:
502:
500:
499:
494:
483:
482:
461:
460:
448:
447:
424:
422:
421:
416:
414:
413:
395:
394:
376:
375:
359:
357:
356:
351:
349:
348:
330:
329:
311:
310:
294:
292:
291:
286:
274:
272:
271:
266:
264:
263:
241:
239:
238:
233:
231:
230:
208:
206:
205:
200:
188:
186:
185:
180:
178:
177:
155:
153:
152:
147:
145:
144:
122:
120:
119:
114:
85:hazard functions
4999:
4998:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4925:
4896:
4858:
4795:
4781:quality control
4748:
4730:Clinical trials
4707:
4682:
4666:
4654:Hazard function
4648:
4602:
4564:
4548:
4511:
4507:BreuschâGodfrey
4495:
4472:
4412:
4387:Factor analysis
4333:
4314:Graphical model
4286:
4253:
4220:
4206:
4186:
4140:
4107:
4069:
4032:
4031:
4000:
3944:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3899:
3884:
3863:Rank statistics
3857:
3836:Model selection
3824:
3782:Goodness of fit
3776:
3753:
3727:
3699:
3652:
3597:
3586:Median unbiased
3514:
3425:
3358:Order statistic
3320:
3299:
3266:
3240:
3192:
3147:
3090:
3088:Data collection
3069:
2981:
2936:
2910:
2888:
2848:
2800:
2717:Continuous data
2707:
2694:
2676:
2671:
2641:
2640:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2542:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2491:10.2307/2344317
2473:
2472:
2465:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2407:
2400:
2397:
2384:
2370:is appropriate.
2308:
2307:
2279:
2278:
2259:
2258:
2239:
2238:
2211:
2178:
2168:
2160:
2159:
2131:
2126:
2106:
2105:
2077:
2072:
2052:
2051:
2030:
2025:
2024:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1976:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1884:
1883:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1773:
1768:
1767:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1708:
1704:
1693:
1683:
1670:
1662:
1649:
1648:
1623:
1622:
1603:
1602:
1576:
1550:
1549:
1527:
1526:
1507:
1506:
1487:
1486:
1467:
1466:
1447:
1446:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1398:
1387:
1386:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1339:
1338:
1319:
1318:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1264:
1263:
1238:
1237:
1167:
1125:
1106:
1081:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1003:
998:
997:
970:
965:
964:
927:
926:
889:
888:
871:
858:
857:
851:
835:
824:
811:
810:
804:
788:
769:
764:
763:
740:
724:
712:
693:
688:
687:
666:
661:
660:
633:
628:
627:
606:
601:
600:
569:
564:
563:
532:
531:
510:
505:
504:
503:. Hence, under
474:
452:
439:
434:
433:
430:null hypothesis
399:
380:
367:
362:
361:
334:
315:
302:
297:
296:
277:
276:
249:
244:
243:
216:
211:
210:
191:
190:
163:
158:
157:
130:
125:
124:
93:
92:
81:
50:MantelâCox test
45:clinical trials
31:to compare the
29:hypothesis test
17:
12:
11:
5:
4997:
4995:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4971:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4948:
4936:
4922:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4868:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4756:
4750:
4749:
4747:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4727:
4725:Bioinformatics
4721:
4719:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4674:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4623:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4530:partial (PACF)
4521:
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4477:Specific tests
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4420:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4379:
4377:Classification
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4343:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4324:McNemar's test
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4300:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4270:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4162:Semiparametric
4159:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4070:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3903:
3900:(MannâWhitney)
3895:
3894:
3893:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3833:
3828:
3825:(ShapiroâWilk)
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3757:
3745:
3739:
3737:Specific tests
3733:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3668:
3662:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3643:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3533:
3531:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3384:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3188:Standard error
3185:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3118:Optimal design
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2967:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2918:
2916:
2915:Summary tables
2912:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Contraharmonic
2746:
2741:
2730:
2728:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2638:
2609:(7447): 1073.
2582:
2563:(1): 316â319.
2547:
2540:
2514:
2463:
2442:Mantel, Nathan
2432:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2396:
2393:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2336:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2292:
2289:
2266:
2246:
2235:
2227:
2210:
2207:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2171:
2144:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2037:
2033:
2010:
2006:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1943:
1939:
1916:
1912:
1891:
1869:
1865:
1842:
1838:
1815:
1811:
1798:
1795:
1780:
1776:
1753:
1749:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1610:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1537:
1534:
1514:
1494:
1474:
1454:
1432:
1428:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1374:
1362:
1359:
1346:
1326:
1304:
1300:
1284:
1283:
1271:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1197:
1193:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1043:
1039:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
983:
980:
977:
973:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
910:
904:
901:
896:
892:
884:
881:
878:
874:
870:
865:
861:
854:
849:
842:
838:
831:
827:
823:
818:
814:
807:
801:
798:
795:
791:
787:
782:
779:
776:
772:
747:
743:
737:
734:
731:
727:
719:
715:
711:
706:
703:
700:
696:
673:
669:
646:
643:
640:
636:
613:
609:
582:
579:
576:
572:
551:
548:
545:
542:
539:
517:
513:
492:
489:
486:
481:
477:
473:
470:
467:
464:
459:
455:
451:
446:
442:
412:
409:
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
387:
383:
379:
374:
370:
347:
344:
341:
337:
333:
328:
325:
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
284:
262:
259:
256:
252:
229:
226:
223:
219:
198:
176:
173:
170:
166:
143:
140:
137:
133:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
80:
77:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4996:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4959:
4958:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4887:Geostatistics
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4854:Psychometrics
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4717:Biostatistics
4714:
4710:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4679:
4678:Log-rank test
4676:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4626:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4549:(BoxâJenkins)
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4526:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4502:DurbinâWatson
4500:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4484:DickeyâFuller
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:Cointegration
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4433:Decomposition
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4336:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4304:Cohen's kappa
4302:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4157:Nonparametric
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4011:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3907:
3906:Nonparametric
3904:
3902:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3877:
3876:Sample median
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3864:
3860:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3696:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3482:
3481:loss function
3479:
3478:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3183:Questionnaire
3181:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3010:Control chart
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:Altman, D. G.
2592:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2518:
2515:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:Peto, Richard
2470:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2452:(3): 163â70.
2451:
2447:
2443:
2437:
2434:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2369:
2365:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2322:
2316:
2313:
2287:
2264:
2244:
2236:
2233:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2142:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2035:
2031:
2008:
2004:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1941:
1937:
1914:
1910:
1889:
1867:
1863:
1840:
1836:
1813:
1809:
1796:
1794:
1778:
1774:
1751:
1747:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1608:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1535:
1532:
1512:
1492:
1472:
1452:
1445:is the upper
1430:
1426:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1372:
1360:
1358:
1344:
1324:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1269:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1195:
1191:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1041:
1037:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1004:
981:
978:
975:
971:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
923:
908:
902:
899:
894:
890:
882:
879:
876:
872:
868:
863:
859:
852:
847:
840:
836:
829:
825:
821:
816:
812:
805:
799:
796:
793:
789:
785:
780:
777:
774:
770:
762:and variance
745:
741:
735:
732:
729:
725:
717:
713:
709:
704:
701:
698:
694:
671:
667:
644:
641:
638:
634:
611:
607:
598:
580:
577:
574:
570:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
515:
511:
487:
479:
475:
471:
465:
457:
453:
449:
444:
440:
431:
426:
410:
407:
404:
400:
396:
391:
388:
385:
381:
377:
372:
368:
345:
342:
339:
335:
331:
326:
323:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
282:
260:
257:
254:
250:
227:
224:
221:
217:
196:
174:
171:
168:
164:
141:
138:
135:
131:
110:
107:
104:
101:
98:
89:
86:
78:
76:
74:
70:
66:
62:
61:Nathan Mantel
57:
55:
51:
46:
42:
38:
37:nonparametric
34:
30:
26:
25:log-rank test
22:
4955:
4943:
4924:
4917:
4829:Econometrics
4779: /
4762:Chemometrics
4739:Epidemiology
4732: /
4705:Applications
4547:ARIMA model
4494:Q-statistic
4443:Stationarity
4339:Multivariate
4282: /
4278: /
4276:Multivariate
4274: /
4214: /
4210: /
3984:Bayes factor
3883:Signed rank
3795:
3769:
3761:
3749:
3444:Completeness
3280:Cohort study
3178:Opinion poll
3113:Missing data
3100:Study design
3055:Scatter plot
2977:Scatter plot
2970:Spearman's Ï
2932:Grouped data
2606:
2602:
2591:Bland, J. M.
2585:
2560:
2556:
2550:
2523:
2517:
2482:
2478:
2449:
2445:
2436:
2422:Hazard ratio
2388:Kaplan-Meier
2385:
1800:
1485:, there are
1364:
1285:
924:
427:
90:
82:
65:logrank test
64:
58:
49:
24:
21:logrank test
20:
18:
4957:WikiProject
4872:Cartography
4834:Jurimetrics
4786:Reliability
4517:Time domain
4496:(LjungâBox)
4418:Time-series
4296:Categorical
4280:Time-series
4272:Categorical
4207:(Bernoulli)
4042:Correlation
4022:Correlation
3818:JarqueâBera
3790:Chi-squared
3552:M-estimator
3505:Asymptotics
3449:Sufficiency
3216:Interaction
3128:Replication
3108:Effect size
3065:Violin plot
3045:Radar chart
3025:Forest plot
3015:Correlogram
2965:Kendall's Ï
73:Julian Peto
4973:Categories
4824:Demography
4542:ARMA model
4347:Regression
3924:(Friedman)
3885:(Wilcoxon)
3823:Normality
3813:Lilliefors
3760:Student's
3636:Resampling
3510:Robustness
3498:divergence
3488:Efficiency
3426:(monotone)
3421:Likelihood
3338:Population
3171:Stratified
3123:Population
2942:Dependence
2898:Count data
2829:Percentile
2806:Dispersion
2739:Arithmetic
2674:Statistics
2557:Biometrika
2541:047084907X
2428:References
2216:score test
595:follows a
79:Definition
4205:Logistic
3972:posterior
3898:Rank sum
3646:Jackknife
3641:Bootstrap
3459:Bootstrap
3394:Parameter
3343:Statistic
3138:Statistic
3050:Run chart
3035:Pie chart
3030:Histogram
3020:Fan chart
2995:Bar chart
2877:L-moments
2764:Geometric
2332:≈
2326:^
2323:λ
2317:
2291:^
2288:λ
2119:λ
2115:
2065:λ
2061:
1974:≤
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1676:α
1635:β
1632:−
1609:α
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1562:
1473:λ
1453:α
1431:α
1404:α
1373:α
1148:∑
1123:−
1084:∑
945:…
900:−
869:−
822:−
105:…
4919:Category
4612:Survival
4489:Johansen
4212:Binomial
4167:Isotonic
3754:(normal)
3399:location
3206:Blocking
3161:Sampling
3040:QâQ plot
3005:Box plot
2987:Graphics
2882:Skewness
2872:Kurtosis
2844:Variance
2774:Heronian
2769:Harmonic
2633:15117797
2597:(2004).
2395:See also
2218:for the
1801:Suppose
1192:→
925:For all
41:censored
33:survival
4945:Commons
4892:Kriging
4777:Process
4734:studies
4593:Wavelet
4426:General
3593:Plug-in
3387:L space
3166:Cluster
2867:Moments
2685:Outline
2577:2335833
2509:2344317
2458:5910392
1286:By the
69:Richard
27:, is a
4814:Census
4404:Normal
4352:Manova
4172:Robust
3922:2-way
3914:1-way
3752:-test
3423:
3000:Biplot
2791:Median
2784:Lehmer
2726:Center
2631:
2624:403858
2621:
2575:
2538:
2507:
2456:
1739:where
1418:where
1202:
1187:
1029:under
4438:Trend
3967:prior
3909:anova
3798:-test
3772:-test
3764:-test
3671:Power
3616:Pivot
3409:shape
3404:scale
2854:Shape
2834:Range
2779:Heinz
2754:Cubic
2690:Index
2573:JSTOR
2505:JSTOR
23:, or
4671:Test
3871:Sign
3723:Wald
2796:Mode
2734:Mean
2629:PMID
2536:ISBN
2454:PMID
2104:and
2023:and
1929:and
1902:and
1828:and
1766:and
1396:>
428:The
360:and
242:and
156:and
71:and
19:The
3851:BIC
3846:AIC
2619:PMC
2611:doi
2607:328
2603:BMJ
2565:doi
2528:doi
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2487:doi
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2112:log
2058:log
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1710:log
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2605:.
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1965:d
1942:2
1938:d
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1911:d
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