593:
94:. The plot revolves around a young man, Count Michel Szémioth, who is suspected to be half-human half-bear, since he was born after his mother was mauled (and, as believed by peasants, raped) by a bear. Through the novel, the protagonist, Michel/Lokis, manifests signs of animal-like behavior until he finally kills his bride by a bite to her throat and runs away into the forest on his wedding night. Some critics consider the tale to be an inversion of the
303:
170:
are both the same." According to an (incorrect) explanation given by professor
Wittembach at the end of the novella, "miszka" is not a Lithuanian word but a rendering of "Mishka", a Russian-language
662:
66:(the motif of drinking blood repeats through the work). The novella primarily deals with the dual nature of human–beast. It also contrasts Western education and Christianity with
197:, but is not historically or culturally accurate. For example, the plot takes place in 1866, but the work does not address social or political situation after the
58:". The plot revolves around a young man who is suspected to be half-human half-bear. Robin MacKenzie from University of St Andrews classifies the plot into a
338:
330:
672:
291:
128:
includes a story of a girl kidnapped and impregnated by a bear. The girl gives birth to a son who exhibits violent sexual tendencies as an adult.
657:
112:. Intrigued by the human–beast duality, he quickly decided against a parody. It is believed that Mérimée borrowed the plot from the 13th-century
613:
151:
176:"The two together make a pair"; word for word, Michon (Michael) with Lokis, both are the same. Michaelium cum Lokide, ambo ipsissimi.
78:
The story is told from the point of view of an observer – professor
Wittembach, a pastor and an amateur ethnographer - who comes to a
158:, published in 1857, but judging by Mérimée's correspondence, he did not know about these publications and received the proverb from
437:
667:
647:
459:
174:
form of "Michael", the protagonist's name. In the
English translation the proverb is footnoted with the following comment:
652:
642:
162:. "Meška" and "lokys" are different names (synonyms) for the "bear" in Lithuanian, so the proverb almost literally means "
637:
618:
Sprenger, Scott (2009). "Mérimée’s
Literary Anthropology: Residual Sacrality and Marital Violence in 'Lokis,'"
570:
238:
286:
422:
140:
120:
108:
Mérimée conceived the novella in spring 1867 as a contrast to horror stories often read at the court of
42:
334:
298:
109:
33:
326:
194:
96:
67:
357:
259:
47:
91:
587:
553:
547:
528:
503:
499:
474:
433:
351:
278:
270:
243:
202:
155:
87:
522:
381:
McKenzie, Robin (2000). "Space, Self, and the Role of the "Matecznik" in Mérimée's "Lokis"".
390:
251:
198:
247:
25:
592:
40:. It was one of the last stories by Mérimée, started in July 1868 and published in the
631:
619:
493:
159:
114:
171:
607:
186:
460:"Folklorinės bei mitologinės reminiscencijos Prospero Mérimée novelėje "Lokys""
394:
209:, though that is very rare in Catholic Samogitia. Some cultural elements, like
206:
205:
is dated a full century later than it actually happened. The protagonist is a
532:
507:
478:
218:
100:, whereby the Beauty transforms a man into a Beast, rather than vice versa.
83:
79:
557:
190:
423:"Pramanas ar portretas? (Semiotinis Prospero Mérimée. "Lokio" skaitymas)"
59:
581:
552:. Translated by Emily Mary Waller. London: Grant Richards. p. 201.
210:
163:
144:
63:
37:
70:, on more broadly – cultured civilization with primordial wilderness.
221:, were taken from Slavic (Russian) culture rather than Lithuanian.
214:
167:
55:
250:. It was based on the 1922 Russian play with the same name (
282:(1975) by Walerian Borowczyk, loosely based on the novella
150:. The proverb was included in Lithuanian dictionaries by
143:
to the manuscript is a slightly corrupted
Lithuanian
46:
in
September 1869. The title is a misspelling of the
663:
Works originally published in Revue des deux Mondes
308:, a Belarusian film with the plot loosely based on
432:(in Lithuanian). Baltos lankos. pp. 118–135.
337:. This afterwards entered the repertoire of the
185:The novella draws elements, such as thunder god
527:. Vol. II. Prag: J.G. Calve. p. 89.
492:Nesselmann, Georg Heinrich Ferdinand (1851).
30:Lokis - Le manuscrit du professeur Wittembach
8:
571:Медвежья свадьба (Мелодрама на сюжет Мериме)
339:Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre
21:Lokis. A Manuscript of Professor Wittembach
498:. Königsberg: Gebrüder Bornträger. p.
453:
451:
449:
591:
473:. Translated by Dainius Razauskas: 37–38.
416:
414:
412:
410:
408:
406:
404:
376:
374:
372:
139:cited at the beginning of the novel as an
368:
614:Internet Speculative Fiction Database
7:
620:Anthropoetics XIV, no. 2 Winter 2009
201:of 1863–1864. The extinction of the
195:pagan Lithuanian rituals and beliefs
86:while on a mission to translate the
68:pagan Lithuanian rituals and beliefs
495:Wörterbuch der littauischen Sprache
152:Georg Heinrich Ferdinand Nesselmann
14:
383:Forum for Modern Language Studies
673:Short stories adapted into films
524:Litauisches Lesebuch und Glossar
331:Aušra Marija Sluckaitė-Jurašienė
325:(2000) was commissioned by the
137:"Miszka su Lokiu, Abu du tokiu"
1:
148:"Meška su lokiu, abudu tokiu"
549:The Abbé Aubain, and Mosaics
154:, published in 1851, and by
62:theme with some elements of
521:Schleicher, August (1857).
421:Nastopka, Kęstutis (2002).
689:
458:Zavjalova, Marija (2007).
242:(1926), a Russian film by
16:Novella by Prosper Mérimée
546:Mérimée, Prosper (1903).
274:(1970) by Janusz Majewski
255:
193:(grass snakes), from the
658:Works by Prosper Mérimée
395:10.1093/fmls/XXXVI.2.196
239:The Marriage of the Bear
668:Novels set in Lithuania
648:Fictional shapeshifters
312:and Belarusian legends.
329:(2000) to libretto by
29:
612:title listing at the
121:Revue des deux Mondes
43:Revue des deux Mondes
653:Horror short stories
643:French short stories
354:("John-of-the-Bear")
97:Beauty and the Beast
358:Valentine and Orson
333:and composition by
260:Anatoli Lunacharsky
638:1869 short stories
335:Bronius Kutavičius
132:Epigraph and title
469:(in Lithuanian).
299:Andrej Kudzinenka
262:loosely based on
244:Konstantin Eggert
203:Prussian language
156:August Schleicher
88:Gospel of Matthew
680:
596:
595:
579:
573:
568:
562:
561:
543:
537:
536:
518:
512:
511:
489:
483:
482:
467:Liaudies kultūra
464:
455:
444:
443:
430:Reikšmių poetika
427:
418:
399:
398:
378:
327:Vilnius Festival
307:
295:
257:
256:Медвежья свадьба
199:January Uprising
688:
687:
683:
682:
681:
679:
678:
677:
628:
627:
604:
599:
580:
576:
569:
565:
545:
544:
540:
520:
519:
515:
491:
490:
486:
462:
457:
456:
447:
440:
425:
420:
419:
402:
380:
379:
370:
366:
348:
301:
289:
248:Vladimir Gardin
227:
183:
134:
118:, published in
110:Empress Eugenie
106:
82:manor in rural
76:
36:horror fantasy
34:Prosper Mérimée
17:
12:
11:
5:
686:
684:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
630:
629:
624:
623:
616:
603:
602:External links
600:
598:
597:
574:
563:
538:
513:
484:
445:
438:
400:
389:(2): 196–208.
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
355:
352:Jean de l'Ours
347:
344:
343:
342:
319:
318:
314:
313:
283:
275:
267:
234:
233:
231:
226:
223:
213:or card games
182:
179:
133:
130:
105:
102:
75:
72:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
685:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
633:
626:
621:
617:
615:
611:
610:
606:
605:
601:
594:
589:
585:
584:
578:
575:
572:
567:
564:
559:
555:
551:
550:
542:
539:
534:
530:
526:
525:
517:
514:
509:
505:
501:
497:
496:
488:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
461:
454:
452:
450:
446:
441:
439:9955-429-72-0
435:
431:
424:
417:
415:
413:
411:
409:
407:
405:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
377:
375:
373:
369:
363:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
345:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
320:
316:
315:
311:
305:
300:
296:
293:
288:
284:
281:
280:
276:
273:
272:
268:
265:
261:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:
236:
235:
232:
229:
228:
224:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
180:
178:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:Ivan Turgenev
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
138:
131:
129:
127:
126:Gesta Danorum
123:
122:
117:
116:
115:Gesta Danorum
111:
103:
101:
99:
98:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
44:
39:
35:
32:) is an 1869
31:
27:
23:
22:
625:
608:
582:
577:
566:
548:
541:
523:
516:
494:
487:
470:
466:
429:
386:
382:
322:
309:
285:
277:
269:
263:
237:
184:
181:Inaccuracies
175:
172:hypocoristic
147:
136:
135:
125:
119:
113:
107:
95:
77:
51:
41:
20:
19:
18:
302: [
290: [
225:Adaptations
189:or cult of
104:Inspiration
632:Categories
364:References
297:(2010) by
207:Protestant
92:Samogitian
80:Samogitian
48:Lithuanian
533:977710198
508:702545279
479:0236-0551
219:Preferans
84:Lithuania
64:vampirism
346:See also
287:Massacre
187:Perkūnas
141:epigraph
60:werewolf
583:Masakra
558:3175910
279:La Bête
252:Russian
211:rusalka
164:Grizzly
145:proverb
38:novella
590:
556:
531:
506:
477:
436:
191:žaltys
26:French
609:Lokis
463:(PDF)
426:(PDF)
387:XXXVI
323:Lokys
317:Opera
310:Lokis
306:]
294:]
271:Lokis
264:Lokis
258:) by
215:Durak
90:into
54:for "
52:lokys
50:word
588:IMDb
554:OCLC
529:OCLC
504:OCLC
475:ISSN
434:ISBN
246:and
230:Film
217:and
168:bear
166:and
74:Plot
56:bear
586:at
500:372
391:doi
634::
502:.
465:.
448:^
428:.
403:^
385:.
371:^
304:be
292:be
254::
124:.
28::
622:.
560:.
535:.
510:.
481:.
471:6
442:.
397:.
393::
341:.
266:.
24:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.