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of the lake. The five major rivers with indirect catchment area of 7,157 km (2,763 sq mi) are the Imphal (also called the
Manipur River), the Iril, the Thoubal, the Sekmai and the Khuga. The other major streams which drain into the lake and which bring in lot of silt are the Nambul, the Nambol, the Thongjarok, the Awang Khujairok, the Awang Kharok, the Ningthoukhong, the Potsangbam, the Oinam, the Keinou and the Irulok. The Lake, located on the southern side of the Manipur river basin, is at the lowest elevation in the valley and no other major river flows into the lake, except a few rivulets.
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MW is proposed to be taken up for joint implementation by NHPC and the
Government of Manipur. The project has invited severe criticism since the water level in the lake at the Ithai barrage is maintained throughout the year at FRL 786.5 m (2,580 ft) from considerations of power generation from the well planned water conductor system. The problem in the lake is, however, diverse; economic activities in and around the lake, and encroachments by 50,400 fishermen for extensive fishing activity are also cited to be some reasons. Other reasons for the distress situation in the lake are a)
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feasible resulting in livelihood enhancement such as evolving an attractive resettlement plan for the phumdi dwellers backed by remunerative livelihood program; and vi) Examine introduction of fishing net instead of
Athapum (Athapam means phumdis in circular shape floating in the lake, planted or cultured artificially for catching fish) practiced presently to be dismantled. In November 2016, Environment ministry has taken keen interest in preserving loktak lake and has formed a panel of five members for this purpose.
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722:, Ungamel and Kumbi pats at the southern part of the lake and the zone is linked with Khuga River by the Ungamel channel. The Imphal River is also linked with this zone by the Khordak channel. The western catchment drained by the Kangshoibi River flows into this zone. Proliferation of phumdis has been observed near the mouth of Ungamel channel, Kumbi pat, Nongmaikhong and Khordak area.
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open water zone of the lake, which was relatively free from phumdis in the past, but over the years 'athaphums' (artificially created phumdis for fishing) constructed by villagers for fishing have proliferated choking the entire lake. The State
Fisheries Department has established a fisheries centre within this zone at Takmu pat for
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Well connected by road and air, Imphal, the capital city of
Manipur is 39 km (24 mi) away from the lake, by road. The lake is a unique destination for tourism. The lake offers excellent opportunities for visitors to enjoy the beauty of the lake and its several islands located inside it that
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To address all the issues raised on the health of the lake, as detailed above, Government of
Manipur has set up the Loktak Development Authority (LDA) under "The Manipur Loktak Lake (Protection) Act, 2006 (Manipur Act 3 of 2006)" with the objective "to provide for administration, control, protection,
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The Loktak Lake is fed by the
Manipur river and several tributaries and ‘Ungamel Channel’ (Ithai Barrage) is its only outlet now. The origin of the Manipur river system and its tributaries, which flows in a north-south direction and drains into the lake is from the hill ranges immediately to the west
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The construction of Ithai barrage and maintaining constant water level at full reservoir level (FRL) has led to a) changes in hydrological regime thereby affecting ecological processes and functions of the wetland, b) inundation of agricultural lands and displacement of people from flooded lands and
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and a tailrace channel on the right bank of the narrow
Leimatak River with three units of 35 MW capacity each generating an annual energy of 448 GW·h (1.613 PJ). The downstream Loktak Power Project in cascade to utilize the regulated releases from the upper project for further power generation of 90
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The
Northern Zone, extending from eastern side of Nambol River near Ngaikhong Khunou to Phabakchao including Maibam Phumlak, has five main streams/rivers namely the Manipur river, Nambul, Yangoi river, Nambol river and Thongjaorok flowing into the lake. The zone is separated from the central zone by
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The
Central Zone, extending from Awang Laisoi pat (western side of Nambol River near Ngaikhong Khullen) to Laphu pat (between Khordak channel and Imphal River) encloses prominent islands of Thanga, Karang and Ithing. It has some sub zone viz Laisoi, Awangsoi, Yennapat, Tharopat etc. It is the main
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of 3.81 m (12.5 ft) diameter (horseshoe type) and 6.62 km (4.11 mi) long to carry a discharge of 58.8 m/s (2,080 cu ft/s) (42 m/s (1,500 cu ft/s)) for power generation and 16.8 m/s (590 cu ft/s) for irrigation), c) a surge shaft, d)
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Environment Facility (ICEF). A Project Report titled "Sustainable Development & Water Resources Management of Loktak Lake (SDWRML)" has been prepared. The report gives a review of its activities on the project done for over six years (from 1 February 1998 till the end of March 2004) with the
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supply. The lake is also a source of livelihood for the rural fishermen who live in the surrounding areas and on phumdis, also known as "phumshangs". Human activities have led to severe pressure on the lake ecosystem. 55 rural and urban hamlets around the lake have a population of about 100,000
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through the Keibul Lamjao National Park to enable phumdis to settle at the bed of the lake; iv) Resolve the encroachment problem, by demarcating the lake boundary, which would result in a targeted and concerted action plan; v) Implement action plans that are economically viable and technically
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opened by the State Government has the capacity to produce one million fish fingerlings in a day. Fifty percent of the fingerlings produced were released into the Loktak Lake and the balance were distributed to beneficiary fishing committees. The new fish varieties introduced in lake were
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The Loktak Hydropower Project on the Manipur River or Imphal River, with the Loktak Lake forming the head waters to provide regulated storage for power generation, was built in 1983 as a multipurpose project with power generation of 105 MW (3x35 MW) for power supply to Manipur,
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land formed at the southern part of the Imphal valley up to the confluence of Manipur River and Khuga River in the district of Imphal West. The Lake is divided into two zones, namely, the "Core Zone" which is the no-development zone or totally protected zone comprising 70.3 km
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The thickness of phumdis has decreased in the Keibul Lamjao National Park thereby threatening the survival of sangai deer and interference in the migration of fishes from the Chindwin–Irrawaddy River system of Myanmar resulting in changes in the species composition.
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The Loktak lake and its precincts have faced serious problems due to loss of vegetal cover in the catchment area and construction of Ithai barrage at the outlet of the lake for multipurpose development of water resources. The issues are further elaborated below.
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In order to address the various issues plaguing the functioning of the lake and the project dependent on it, a detailed project study was instituted by the Loktak Development Authority (LDA) & Wetlands International Asia (WISA) with funding provided by the
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A rich biodiversity with habitat heterogeneity has been recorded during a scientific survey carried out between January 2000 and December 2002 in different habitat patches of the lake. The lake’s rich biological diversity comprises 233 species of aquatic
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Based on all the analysis, the future approach suggested involves mitigation measures as elaborated are: i) The Nambol River carries sewage of nutrients of Imphal town into the lake which results in prolific growth of phumdis and deteriorates
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Recent analysis of the concentrations of some elements with FAO limits showed non detection of toxic elements like As, Cd, Hg, and Pb. To a certain extent the water of the lake can be considered fresh in terms of trace elemental pollutants.
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has decreased resulting in starvation conditions for the endangered sangai deer. With the phumdis becoming thinner, the hoofs of the limbs of sangai get stuck in the marsh and results in their drowning. Production of the edible fruit and
675:(27.1 sq mi) and the balance area is called the "Buffer Zone". Within the lake and on its periphery, there are 14 hills of varying size and elevation; in the southern part of the lake are the Sendra, Ithing and Thanga islands.
825:
Several water resources development projects have been built in the Manipur River basin to meet growing demands for irrigation. Seven river valley projects have been completed; these are the Singda Dam Project, Thoubal Dam Project and
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cultivation, 150 km (58 sq mi) under habitation and 400 km (150 sq mi) under forest cover. The area of the lake is 236.21 km (91.20 sq mi), comprising large pockets of open water and
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With an average annual rainfall of 1,183 mm (46.57 in) tropical monsoon climate prevails in the valley. Temperatures range from 0 to 35 °C (32 to 95 °F). February and March are the driest months.
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large phumdis (varying thickness of 0.4 to 4.5 m or 1.3 to 14.8 ft) that stretches from the northwest to the southeast. During January to March, phumdis in this area are usually burnt for construction of
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which are of multipurpose type, the Imphal Barrage Project and the Sekmai Barrage Project—both medium irrigation projects. The most discussed project is the Loktak Multipurpose Project, which provides
895:, across the Manipur river of 10.7 m (35.1 ft) height and 58.8 m (192.9 ft) length with three spillway bays, b) water conductor system for trans-basin diversion comprising an open
1486:. This is an urban problem and there is urgent need to treat and control this aspect, even if it is expensive; ii) Reduce soil erosion and sedimentation of the lake by enlarging the scope of micro-
752:) are the dominant rock formations in the catchment of the Manipur basin. Higher reaches of hills have the Disang and Tipam groups of rocks while Surma group occurs in the lower reaches. Grey
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1226:. Natural capture fishery without the requirement of any lease or licence was also in vogue in the lake. The lake fishery is now a mixture of capture and culture systems. Nine mini-
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1547:(INA) Museum which will be of interest to tourists. The exhibits include letters, photographs, badges of ranks and other articles associated with the INA. A bronze statue of
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512:. It is a pulsating lake, with a surface area varying from 250 km to 500 km during the rainy season with a typical area of 287 km. The lake is located at
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Geographically, in terms of biodiversity and pressure of human activities, the lake is broadly divided into northern, central and southern zones as elaborated below.
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of 2.323 km (1.443 mi) length, a cut and cover section of 1.077 km (0.669 mi) length (bed width 18 m (59 ft), followed by a Head Race
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In the central part of the lake waterfowl, including dabbling ducks and diving ducks are reported but their numbers are declining due to proliferation of phumdis.
1991:
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of Manipur River as 519,200 ha·m (4,209,000 acre·ft; 5.192 km) from a total catchment area of 697 km (269 sq mi) at the Ithai barrage. The
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But the avifauna recorded in different habitats of the lake is reported to be declining. Briefly, the details of the avifauna recorded now are elaborated.
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are studded with floating phumdis of different geometrical shapes. The important islands which offer facilities for visitors are the Sandra and Phubala.
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Fish yield from the lake is reported to be about 1,500 tonnes (6,600,000 lb) every year. The State Fishery Department has introduced millions of
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The degradation of the catchment area has occurred. Deforestation and shifting cultivation in the catchment areas have accelerated the process of
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improvement, conservation and development of the natural environment of the Loktak Lake and for matters connected with as incidental thereto."
2113:. Avian Biodiversity and Bioacoustics Lab, Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Hardwar 249 404, India
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spot. Visitors get a bird's eye view of life on the lake—small islands that are actually floating weed on which the lake people live.
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552:(heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil and organic matter at various stages of decomposition) floating over it. The largest of all the
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on 16 June 1993, "a record of Ramsar sites where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur".
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Singh, N.K. Sharat; Sudarshan, M.; Chakraborty, A.; Devi, Ch. Bino; Singh, Th. Brojendro; Singh, N. Rajmuhon (1 February 2014).
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of emergent, submergent, free-floating and rooted floating leaf types. But in the declining trend of vegetation, the important
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650:. Along its course through the valley downstream of Imphal, the bed slope of the river is gentle. The drainage pattern is sub-
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to an area of 23,000 ha (57,000 acres) in the Manipur valley. The main components of the project, as built, are, a) the
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Today, Loktak Lake is at the highest level of eutrophication and the only brow-antlered deer is at the verge of extinction.
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2402:"Loktak Lake, Manipur and Kaibul Lamjao National Park First person Prespective [sic] | George Thengummoottil"
1966:
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1147:) which was once thought to be extinct, which was declared a national park only to preserve and conserve this species of
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area draining into the lake is 980 km (380 sq mi) out of which 430 km (170 sq mi) is under
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covers an area of 40 km (15 sq mi) and is situated on the southeastern shore of the lake. Located on this
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into the lake and c) undefined ownership of the lake where the stakeholders are the districts of Imphal west district,
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city carried by Nambul River are discharged into the lake affecting its water quality, thus encouraging the growth of
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719:
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1995:
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642:—the Manipur River flows through the Manipur Valley. The river rises in the north at Karong, flows south of
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people. Considering the ecological status and its biodiversity values, the lake was initially designated as a
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is the only floating national park in the world. The park is the last natural refuge of the endangered
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Small hillocks (though showing degraded condition) in the lake show big trees; birds of prey such as
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1719:. Wetlands International - South Asia, New Delhi, India. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012
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Livelihood of people dependent on the sale of edible fruit and rhizome of lotus plant products and
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The Loktak Day is observed every year on the 15th of October at the periphery of the Loktak lake.
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http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=education.Scientific_Papers.fate_of_loktak_lake
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and Thoubal causing lack of integrated approach to the lakes potential for providing benefits.
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Though hydrological data on river basin has not been adequately monitored, the Department of
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of the area. Imphal, Iril and Thoubal River valleys also exhibit a meandering river course.
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Phumdis in the Lake – circular ones, called athapums, are artificially created for fishing.
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plants has decreased to a great extent. Plants have also degraded due to polluted water.
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potential has been assessed estimated around 44 hm (36,000 acre⋅ft) per annum.
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and unscientific land use practices in the catchment areas which bring large amount of
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Fauna recorded in the precincts of the Lake in the Keibul Lamjo National Park are the
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1932:"The Manipur Loktak Lake (Protection) Amendment Act, 2007(Manipur Act No. 5 of 2007)"
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1449:(thanging) has suffered due to steep decline in the growth of these plant species.
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is the natural habitat of one of the most endangered deer, the brow-antlered deer (
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2307:"Sustainable Development & Water Resources Management of Loktak Lake (SDWRML)"
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Hoolock gibbon seen in the precincts of the Lake in the Keibul Lamjo National Park
2339:"Panel Formed by Environment Ministry for Conservration of Manipur's Loktak Lake"
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In the habitat patch with rooted floating plants, vegetation comprises the a)
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1717:"Integrated Wetland and River Basin Management – A Case Study of Loktak Lake"
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2210:"Integrated wetland and river basin management: A Case Study of Loktak Lake"
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and overall aesthetic value of the Lake are other reported adverse effects.
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and arneceous sequence represents the Surma and Tipam groups, respectively.
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sequences intruded by serpentinites containing minor amounts of enstalite,
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Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of India: Science History and Culture
1253:(ngaril), pangba, tharak, and ngashap stated to be under serious decline.
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Phubala resort, on the Phubala, is 40 km (25 mi) from Imphal.
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Through barrage for hydropower generation, irrigation, and water supply
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2212:. Wetlands International - South Asia New Delhi, India. Archived from
1179:, and others were reported; once abundant now show a declining trend.
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57 species of waterbirds and another 14 species of wetland associated
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2312:. India Canada Environment Facility(ICEF). May 2004. Archived from
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1787:. National Informatics Centre, Government of India. Archived from
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Of the two river systems, which drain the Manipur state—the
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1897:"Environment and Ecology Office Government of Manipur, Chapter X"
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resulting in the lake’s shrinkage due to siltation. The annual
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A view of Sendra Tourist Home on a large Phumdi in Loktak Lake
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have been noted in the lake including 28 species of migratory
1235:, silver carp and the old varieties of the local fishes like
654:, sub-parallel and sub-radial, dictated by the structure and
413:, Ithing, Sendra islands. Also many floating islands called
1967:"Loktak lake: How does the "Floating lake" actually float?"
1365:
and phumdis. All these activities have direct bearing on
1816:"Developmental Activities and their Impacts on Wetlands"
2106:
Laishangbam Sanjit; Dinesh Bhatt; Romesh Kumar Sharma.
1529:
The Sendra Tourist Home on the island with an attached
1490:
in the catchment area treatment plan; iii) Construct a
1413:
and the major food plants like the Zizania, Latifolia,
1388:
The population of a number of economic plants such as
204:
166:
954:
The important vegetation of the phumdis recorded are
2427:
The world's only floating national park – BBC Travel
2263:"Biomonitoring of Fresh Water of Loktak Lake, India"
2018:"Inventory of wetlands, Keibul Lamjao National Park"
1845:"Loktak Lake Environment Information system (ENVIS)"
661:
At the Ithai barrage outlet of the Lake, the direct
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2108:"Habitat heterogeneity of the Loktak lake, Manipur"
1543:At Moirang town on the fringe of the Loktak is the
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2023:. Govt. of India. pp. 294–297. Archived from
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858:Loktak Lake and location of the Hydropower Project
1210:, the pied hornbill and the great pied hornbill.
1117:). Also recorded were 425 species of animals—249
2385:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2049:NHPC limited (Government of India undertaking).
245:
1937:. Manipur Gazette. 2 April 2009. Archived from
1685:Khwairakpam Gajananda; Thokchom Sundari Chanu.
809:has in its report of 1996 assessed the average
615:on 23 March 1990. It was also listed under the
1342:flow into the lake is estimated to be 336,350
1125:). The list includes rare animals such as the
372:250 to 500 km (97 to 193 sq mi)
2447:
2367:. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009
2184:"Steps on to divert phumdis to Manipur River"
8:
2293:Khwairakpam Gajananda. Fate of Loktak Lake.
2235:Sanjenbam Jugeshwor Singh (8 January 2020).
1992:"Catchments characterization of Loktak Lake"
1109:(most migrating from different parts of the
2267:European Journal of Sustainable Development
2962:Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary
2454:
2440:
2432:
2132:Loktak Lake - the floating freshwater lake
1961:
1959:
1926:
1924:
1377:c) loss of fish population and diversity.
1165:In the habitat part of the rooted plants,
590:plays an important role in the economy of
71:
2365:"Bishnupur, the land of the dancing deer"
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1873:. The Ramsar Convention. 8 September 2009
1785:"Bishnupur: The Land of the Dancing Deer"
1653:Ramachandran, Nalini (3 September 2021).
695:farms; many large fish farms with raised
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1890:
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1036:is reported to be the dominant species.
2957:Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve
1986:
1984:
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1656:Gods, Giants and the Geography of India
1560:
144:Different scenes of the Loktak lake of
2378:
2072:"NHPC to take up Loktak hydel project"
1994:. Northeast India News. Archived from
1895:State of Environment Report, Manipur.
1730:
1629:. Gyan Publishing House. p. 589.
1596:Tamang, Jyoti Prakash (2 March 2020).
1533:in the middle of the lake is an ideal
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1752:
1750:
1748:
1711:
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1202:found are the brown-backed hornbill,
917:(shifting) cultivation, b) extensive
594:. It serves as a source of water for
455:
447:
438:
7:
2237:"The Present health of Loktak Lake"
1281:, the endangered sangai species of
1195:have been recorded on these trees.
609:wetland of international importance
2997:Udayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary
2992:Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex
1902:. pp. 125–126. Archived from
1478:following pertinent observations.
842:of the Loktak Lake and associated
718:The Southern Zone encompasses the
25:
2982:Pallikaranai Marsh Reserve Forest
2051:"Welcome to Loktak Power Station"
1626:Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.)
1353:from catchment area and domestic
776:constitute the Disang formation.
333:980 km (380 sq mi)
2901:Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve
1602:. Springer Nature. p. 353.
203:
196:
165:
158:
133:
122:
113:
102:
93:
65:, you may see errors in display.
47:
30:This article is about a lake in
1551:in uniform stands in the lawn.
646:and hence is also known as the
572:or Manipur brow-antlered deer (
391:
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
38:associated with this lake, see
748:), the Surmas and the Tipams (
576:), one of three subspecies of
1:
2158:"Keibul Lamjao National Park"
1623:Lisam, Khomdan Singh (2011).
1369:of the lake. Interference in
233:
2977:Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary
2967:Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary
2677:Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary
2589:Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary
1659:. Hachette UK. p. 105.
1456:Loktak Development Authority
478:Loktak Lake in December 2016
396:768.5 m (2,521 ft)
3068:Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary
3007:Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
2280:10.14207/ejsd.2014.v3n1p179
1766:. WWF India. Archived from
1521:Keibul Lamjao National Park
1222:of Indian and exotic major
1139:Keibul Lamjao National Park
850:Loktak Multipurpose Project
821:Water resources development
720:Keibul Lamjao National Park
562:Keibul Lamjao National Park
3182:
2952:Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary
1549:Netaji Subash Chandra Bose
1518:
498:
486:Loktak Lake, December 2016
217:
179:
81:
29:
3017:Vembannur Wetland Complex
2906:Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary
2886:Beas Conservation Reserve
1737:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
1687:"The Fate of Loktak Lake"
1576:Sites Information Service
468:
464:
388:4.6 m (15.1 ft)
152:
87:
3063:Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
548:). It is famous for the
380:2.7 m (8.9 ft)
27:Lake in North East India
3078:Samaspur Bird Sanctuary
2972:Karikili Bird Sanctuary
2584:Sultanpur National Park
2400:George Thengummoottil.
946:recorded are as under.
356:35 km (22 mi)
3012:Vellode Bird Sanctuary
3002:Vaduvur Bird Sanctuary
2929:Keoladeo National Park
2848:Bhitarkanika Mangroves
1516:
1503:
1502:Fishing on Loktak Lake
1266:
1204:rufous-necked hornbill
1098:
859:
707:
487:
479:
364:13 km (8 mi)
55:This article contains
36:ancient Meitei goddess
3166:Sacred lakes of India
3161:Ramsar sites in India
3130:East Kolkata Wetlands
2463:Ramsar sites in India
1871:"The Montreux Record"
1519:Further information:
1514:
1501:
1320:Temminck's golden cat
1264:
1097:in the lake precincts
1088:
857:
705:
485:
477:
3083:Sandi Bird Sanctuary
3073:Saman Bird Sanctuary
2705:Vembanad-Kol Wetland
2143:India-north-east.com
1969:. Sankalp Foundation
1770:on 21 February 2010.
1545:Indian National Army
1367:ecological stability
1305:stump-tailed macaque
957:Eichhornia crassipes
570:Rucervus eldii eldii
2987:Pichavaram Mangrove
2779:Nandur Madhameshwar
2216:on 3 September 2006
1851:on 16 December 2007
1507:Visitor information
1465:Restoration actions
1111:northern hemisphere
264: /
187:Show map of Manipur
57:the Meitei alphabet
3088:Sarsai Nawar Jheel
2164:on 9 November 2005
2137:2013-06-17 at the
1517:
1504:
1267:
1244:Anabas testudineus
1192:Circus aeruginosus
1099:
1014:Erianthus ravennae
860:
807:Manipur University
756:–grit–
736:, the Disang with
708:
699:have been built.
488:
480:
457:Reference no.
3143:
3142:
3135:Sundarban Wetland
3098:Upper Ganga River
3058:Haiderpur Wetland
3053:Bakhira Sanctuary
2858:Hirakud Reservoir
2700:Sasthamkotta Lake
2695:Ashtamudi Wetland
2645:Shallbugh Wetland
2627:Jammu and Kashmir
2345:. 7 November 2016
2343:Travel News India
1666:978-93-91028-27-5
1636:978-81-7835-864-2
1609:978-981-15-1486-9
1292:Muntiacus muntjak
1208:wreathed hornbill
1074:Nymphoides indica
976:Zizania latifolia
908:and e) a surface
877:Arunachal Pradesh
828:Khuga Dam Project
740:(Lower to Middle
613:Ramsar Convention
546:Manipuri language
472:
471:
393:Surface elevation
268:24.550°N 93.783°E
225:Show map of India
63:rendering support
16:(Redirected from
3173:
3156:Lakes of Manipur
2599:Himachal Pradesh
2566:Wadhvana Wetland
2456:
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2319:on 24 April 2009
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2160:. Archived from
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2103:
2088:
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2074:. Archived from
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1867:
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1827:
1818:. Archived from
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1798:
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1791:on 10 April 2009
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1565:
1144:Cervus eldi eldi
1042:Nelumbo nucifera
1020:Leersia hexandra
574:Cervus eldi eldi
568:(state animal),
500:
319:
318:Primary outflows
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3035:Rudrasagar Lake
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2139:Wayback Machine
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2078:on 15 July 2011
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2030:on 3 March 2016
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1998:on 21 July 2011
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1238:Channa punctata
1083:
952:
935:
852:
823:
795:
786:
728:
632:
627:
618:Montreux Record
542:Meitei language
540:= "the end" in
536:= "stream" and
510:Northeast India
444:
341: countries
308:and many small
300:Primary inflows
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2898:
2896:Kanjli Wetland
2893:
2891:Harike Wetland
2888:
2882:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2863:Satkosia Gorge
2860:
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2761:Yashwant Sagar
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
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2738:Madhya Pradesh
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2635:Hokera Wetland
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1363:water hyacinth
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1185:Milvus migrans
1168:Hydrophasianus
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604:drinking water
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2911:Ropar Wetland
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2640:Hygam Wetland
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1764:"Loktak Lake"
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1569:"Loktak Lake"
1564:
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1536:
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1527:
1522:
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1485:
1484:water quality
1479:
1476:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:Euryale ferox
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
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1424:
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1405:
1404:
1403:Alpinia nigra
1399:
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1297:rhesus monkey
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1272:
1271:Indian python
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1127:Indian python
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1123:invertebrates
1120:
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1060:Nymphaea alba
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1054:Euryale ferox
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744:–Upper
743:
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738:serpentinites
735:
732:
725:
723:
721:
716:
714:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
684:
679:Lake Zonation
678:
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664:
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649:
645:
641:
640:Manipur River
637:
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452:23 March 1990
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417:or phumshangs
416:
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377:Average depth
371:
363:
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347:
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314:
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306:Manipur River
304:
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79:
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64:
60:
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41:
37:
33:
19:
3114:Asan Barrage
2934:Sambhar Lake
2868:Tampara Lake
2853:Chilika Lake
2843:Anshupa Lake
2825:Pala Wetland
2806:
2751:Sakhya Sagar
2746:Bhoj Wetland
2654:Mansar Lakes
2607:Chandra Taal
2479:Kolleru Lake
2406:. Retrieved
2395:
2369:. Retrieved
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2342:
2333:
2321:. Retrieved
2314:the original
2301:
2289:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2241:Imphal Times
2240:
2230:
2218:. Retrieved
2214:the original
2187:. Retrieved
2178:
2166:. Retrieved
2162:the original
2142:
2127:
2115:. Retrieved
2080:. Retrieved
2076:the original
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2025:the original
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1996:the original
1971:. Retrieved
1946:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1911:. Retrieved
1904:the original
1875:. Retrieved
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1849:the original
1824:. Retrieved
1820:the original
1793:. Retrieved
1789:the original
1768:the original
1721:. Retrieved
1690:. Retrieved
1655:
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1598:
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1579:. Retrieved
1572:
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1407:
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1395:
1389:
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1375:
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1336:soil erosion
1333:
1329:
1311:
1309:Indian civet
1290:
1279:barking deer
1268:
1248:
1242:
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1217:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1173:
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1135:barking deer
1100:
1072:
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1048:Trapa natans
1046:
1040:
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1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1005:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
970:Oryza sativa
968:
961:
955:
953:
936:
933:Biodiversity
861:
837:hydrological
824:
815:ground water
800:
796:
787:
778:Argillaceous
758:conglomerate
729:
717:
715:development
709:
685:
682:
660:
648:Imphal River
633:
616:
598:generation,
588:ancient lake
585:
582:
573:
569:
537:
533:
529:
490:
489:
369:Surface area
211:Loktak Lake
173:Loktak Lake
75:Loktak Lake
69:
54:
3122:West Bengal
3108:Uttarakhand
3093:Sur Sarovar
2807:Loktak Lake
2789:Thane Creek
2771:Maharashtra
2756:Sirpur Lake
2617:Renuka Lake
2515:Kanwar Lake
2497:Deepor Beel
2246:3 September
1316:marbled cat
1220:fingerlings
1198:Species of
1119:vertebrates
1113:beyond the
1093:species of
1089:Endangered
1069:N. stellata
1065:N. nouchali
940:macrophytes
887:, and lift
636:Barak River
491:Loktak Lake
422:Settlements
353:Max. length
271: /
246:Coordinates
18:Loktak lake
3150:Categories
2944:Tamil Nadu
2784:Lonar Lake
2659:Wular Lake
2556:Nalsarovar
2533:Nanda Lake
1795:7 December
1555:References
1488:watersheds
1371:navigation
1283:Eld's deer
1233:grass carp
1228:hatcheries
1214:Aqua fauna
1175:Metopidius
1149:Eld's deer
1095:Eld's deer
1032:Phragmites
1002:latifolium
994:Sagittaria
988:Limnophila
963:Phragmites
950:Vegetation
910:powerhouse
889:irrigation
833:hydropower
770:amphiboles
746:Cretaceous
731:Cretaceous
630:Topography
611:under the
600:irrigation
596:hydropower
578:Eld's deer
503:freshwater
499:Loktak Pat
449:Designated
385:Max. depth
361:Max. width
218:Loktak Pat
180:Loktak Pat
82:Loktak Pat
40:Loktak Ima
34:. For the
2921:Rajasthan
2723:Tsomoriri
2669:Karnataka
2561:Thol Lake
2551:Khijadiya
1531:Cafeteria
1421:species,
1417:species,
1409:Hedychium
1394:species,
1391:Saccharum
1351:nutrients
1287:wild bear
1247:(ukabi),
1241:(ngamu),
1200:hornbills
1170:chirurgus
1115:Himalayas
1107:waterfowl
1007:Erianthus
1000:Saccharum
927:Bishnupur
906:penstocks
881:Meghalaya
793:Hydrology
774:magnetite
762:limestone
754:sandstone
734:limestone
713:fisheries
663:catchment
656:lithology
652:dendritic
625:Geography
526:etymology
2650:Surinsar
2381:cite web
2349:13 March
2135:Archived
1973:30 March
1733:cite web
1581:25 April
1432:thamchet
1411:spicatum
1250:Anguilla
1187:lineatus
1155:Avifauna
1121:and 176
865:Nagaland
844:wetlands
766:chromite
638:and the
310:rivulets
235:Location
3027:Tripura
2817:Mizoram
2799:Manipur
2728:Tso Kar
2576:Haryana
2543:Gujarat
2408:12 June
2371:3 April
2323:1 April
2220:4 April
2189:5 April
2168:5 April
2117:2 April
2082:1 April
2056:1 April
2034:3 April
2002:3 April
1948:2 April
1913:1 April
1877:4 April
1855:3 April
1826:3 April
1723:3 April
1692:3 April
1535:tourist
1492:channel
1436:thambou
1428:rhizome
1423:Narenga
1326:Threats
1177:indicus
1131:sambhar
1071:and f)
1009:pucerus
982:Cynodon
897:channel
885:Tripura
873:Mizoram
784:Climate
760:–
750:Miocene
726:Geology
592:Manipur
554:phumdis
520:state,
518:Manipur
514:Moirang
501:) is a
430:Moirang
415:phumdis
406:Islands
259:93°47′E
256:24°33′N
239:Manipur
146:Manipur
32:Manipur
2878:Punjab
2835:Odisha
2715:Ladakh
2687:Kerala
1663:
1633:
1606:
1574:Ramsar
1475:Canada
1359:Imphal
1355:sewage
1344:tonnes
1275:sambar
1091:sangai
1029:spp.;
997:spp.,
991:spp.,
985:spp.,
901:Tunnel
840:regime
811:runoff
742:Eocene
697:levees
672:marshy
644:Imphal
566:Sangai
558:phumdi
550:phumdi
530:Loktak
524:. The
495:Meitei
428:&
426:Imphal
411:Thanga
291:lentic
214:Meitei
176:Meitei
78:Meitei
2507:Bihar
2489:Assam
2317:(PDF)
2310:(PDF)
2111:(PDF)
2028:(PDF)
2021:(PDF)
1942:(PDF)
1935:(PDF)
1907:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1472:India
1440:lotus
1438:) of
1415:Carex
1357:from
1257:Fauna
1224:carps
1103:birds
1081:Fauna
1063:, e)
1057:, d)
1051:, c)
1045:, b)
1034:karka
1026:Carex
965:karka
944:flora
869:Assam
693:paddy
667:paddy
586:This
522:India
344:India
339:Basin
2410:2016
2387:link
2373:2009
2351:2017
2325:2009
2248:2021
2222:2009
2191:2009
2170:2009
2119:2009
2084:2009
2058:2009
2036:2009
2004:2009
1975:2009
1950:2009
1915:2009
1879:2009
1857:2009
1828:2009
1797:2018
1739:link
1725:2009
1694:2009
1661:ISBN
1631:ISBN
1604:ISBN
1583:2018
1434:and
1419:Coix
1349:The
1340:silt
1318:and
1189:and
1133:and
923:silt
915:jhum
883:and
772:and
691:cum
689:fish
602:and
506:lake
285:Type
2525:Goa
2275:doi
538:tak
534:Lok
532:is
528:of
516:in
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460:463
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