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was initially ruled out on the deep lines because of the lack of space for equipment on trains and the problems of dispersing the waste heat these would generate. Different systems were proposed to cool
Underground trains, including the use of large blocks of ice inside the train. The blocks would
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Temperatures on the
Underground have slowly increased as the clay around the tunnels has warmed up; in the early days of the Underground it was advertised as a place to keep cool on hot days. However, over time the temperature has slowly risen as the heat sink formed by the clay has reached its
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thermal capacity. When the tunnels were built the clay temperature was around 14 °C (57 °F); this has now risen to 19–26 °C (66–79 °F) and air temperatures in the tunnels now reach as high as 30 °C (86 °F).
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in the tunnels is largely generated by the trains, with a small amount coming from station equipment and passengers. Around 79% is absorbed by the tunnels' walls, 10% is removed by ventilation, and the other 11% remains in the tunnels.
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installed London South Bank
University's system comprising three fan coil units which use water that has seeped into the tunnels and is pumped from the tunnels to absorb the heat, after which it is discharged in the
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stock trains on the subsurface Lines (Metropolitan, Circle, Hammersmith & City, and
District). These have standard air-conditioning, as the subsurface tunnels are large enough to displace the exhausted hot air.
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in 1938 and have been proposed again recently to overcome this problem. Following a successful demonstration in 2001 funds were given to the School of
Engineering at the
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can become very uncomfortable due to its deep and poorly ventilated tube tunnels: temperatures as high as 47 °C (117 °F) were reported in the
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29:. Posters may be observed on the Underground network advising that passengers carry a bottle of water to help keep cool.
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systems likewise work by converting the kinetic energy into heat via electrical resistors. More modern trains feature
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during the hot summer of 2003 for a solution to the problem, but the competition ended in 2005 without a winner.
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In July 2022 an experimental installation of panels cooled by water was installed on a disused platform at
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Newspapers are often discarded onto the existing air vents behind seats, which increases the problem.
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Heat is extracted from the tunnels using ventilation shafts, with air forced out of the vents by the
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185:. If successful, the trial will be extended to 30 other deep-level stations. For this trial
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506:"TfL Is Experimenting With These Cooling Panels To Make Tube Temperatures Less Ridiculous"
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205:. If successful, this system could be rolled out to cool the platforms of operational
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Kevin Payne
Director of the Transport for London's 'Cooling the Tube' Program
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have been in refrigeration units, preventing them from melting completely.
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A year-long trial of a groundwater cooling system began in June 2006 at
139:(trains pushing air forwards as they pass through the tunnels) or fans.
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Sustainable
Cooling Schemes For The London Underground Railway Network
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Air-conditioning will be introduced on the deep lines as part of the
565:"How do you keep a Tube train full of commuters cool? Just add ice"
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146:
114:
591:"Improving the Tube – What we're doing – Improving the trains"
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Don’t put your papers on Tube train air vents | Flesh is Grass
470:"Carbon Trust announces finalists for 2007 Innovation Awards"
375:"Why is London's Central line so hot? Science has the answer"
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to develop a prototype; work began in April 2002. A prize of
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systems that can feed the energy from braking back into the
484:"London Tube cooling system trial for deepest lines begins"
232:, which is planned to replace the existing fleet of the
658:Notes from Cooling the Tube Lecture 11 March 2008
535:Published June 2012, accessed September 2012
16:Temperature control on the London Underground
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194:. The scheme was one of the winners in the
151:Air cooling on trial at Victoria station (
363:Rail Engineering, November/December 2007
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19:In summer, temperatures on parts of the
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289:to slow the train down, transforming
260:trains were delivered to replace the
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620:. alwaystouchout.com. Archived from
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345:"Carry a bottle of water TfL poster"
618:"Subsurface network (SSL) upgrade"
448:"Water pump plan to cool the Tube"
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674:London Underground infrastructure
399:Stephen, Paul (3 February 2016).
373:Temperton, James (28 June 2018).
647:The Underground Cooling Website
426:"Why does the Tube get so hot"
88:Station systems and passengers
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563:Smith, Lewis (5 June 2007).
323:"Baking hot at Baker Street"
168:London South Bank University
174:100,000 was offered by the
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486:. BBC News. 22 July 2022
325:. BBC News. 18 July 2006
198:2007 Innovation Awards.
450:. BBC News. 8 June 2006
183:London Victoria station
539:18 August 2012 at the
277:More efficient braking
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27:2006 European heatwave
436:on 30 September 2007.
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596:Transport for London
299:regenerative braking
203:Holborn tube station
246:Waterloo & City
230:New Tube for London
153:Alternative picture
624:on 29 October 2006
401:"Cooling the Tube"
285:on trains rely on
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33:Source of the heat
22:London Underground
293:into heat. Older
252:Subsurface trains
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72:Train auxiliaries
56:Mechanical losses
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512:. 22 July 2022
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64:Drive losses
40:Heat source
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213:Tube trains
628:20 October
309:References
234:Piccadilly
160:Heat pumps
602:15 August
569:The Times
531:Iain Dale
510:Londonist
668:Category
571:. London
537:Archived
379:Wired UK
287:friction
238:Bakerloo
187:Metronet
164:trialled
143:Stations
104:Source:
516:22 July
490:22 July
258:S-stock
248:lines.
242:Central
131:Tunnels
575:11 May
454:11 May
410:1 July
384:1 July
329:11 May
283:brakes
654:CIBSE
162:were
630:2006
604:2021
577:2010
518:2022
492:2022
456:2010
412:2022
386:2022
331:2010
268:and
244:and
115:heat
113:The
75:13%
67:16%
59:22%
51:38%
99:3%
91:4%
83:4%
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270:D
266:C
262:A
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