31:
253:
139:
330:
158:, the students were diverted to Belsen on the day of departure to Holland. The total number of students who volunteered was more than 100 and they were therefore shortlisted by ballot. Somewhere between 95 and 100 took part, with the exact number uncertain. Laurence Wand, a student from St Bartholomew's, later recounted the events of 1945 and gave with certainty the number as 96 as "this number fitted neatly into six Dakota aircraft which were to be used for our transport to Germany". Up until this time, these students had spent the larger part of the
269:
413:
231:
261:
199:, in Germany, had in the interim been liberated by British troops and a request for extra help was made upon realising the extent of the problems there. The students were subsequently informed that they would be re-directed to Belsen. Hargrave, wrote that same day "this was the first news we had been given about going to Belsen but we were all so excited abound, after a month of waiting, that we did not think much about the change in destination".
399:
It wasn't as totally horrifying as you might reasonably expect it to be because it was on such an enormous scale...If it had been several hundred bodies one might have been desperately upset and affected by it mentally and psychologically, at any rate. But no it was on such a huge scale it was rather
300:
Some of the challenges the students faced were reported by student Thomas Gibson, who disclosed the difficulties in caring for people when medicine and adequate nursing help was lacking, on the background of the dilemma of how “to explain to a Pole who speaks little French”, and how difficult it was
65:
The students were tasked with taking over one or two of the 200 camp huts each, with the responsibility of cleaning and feeding the survivors and supervising a fair distribution of food. Their work was instrumental in reducing the death rate from over 500 a day at liberation to less than 100 a day by
338:
They were issued with SS Panzer dot-camouflaged coats by
Captain Walter Carton “Frosty” Winterbottom. Some Canadian airmen bought them cigarettes and chocolates. Each student was given twice the usual ration of rum every night. Theatre and cinema was provided for entertainment. Local RAF units gave
312:
Michael
Hargrave, in his journal, described the human laundry, assembled in two adjacent stables where 17 tables were each surrounded by four German nurses, who washed the inmates, covered them in DDT and then wrapped them in clean towels before they were transported again. As a student running his
276:
Initially, the role of the students was to take over one or two of the 200 huts each, with the responsibility of getting them cleaned (human laundry) and supervising the feeding of and fair distribution of food to the inmates. The association of intravenous feeding and Nazi activities rendered this
194:
after having some official photographs taken. Student
Michael Hargrave described in his diary that day that there were "some very faked photographs of me shaking hands with the Dean - supposed to be saying goodbye". Upon arrival at Lowndes Street, they were given their passports, ranking cards and
316:
On 14 May 1945, the 35 Casualty
Clearing Station arrived and the remaining sick were moved to the German Military Hospital, later renamed the Glyn Hughes Hospital. It grew to accommodate 13 000 patients, and staff including the students, the British Red Cross and German medical staff.
400:
like trying to count the stars. There were thousands and thousands of dead bodies and you couldn't really consider them to be your aunt or your mother or your brother or your father because there was just too many and they were being bulldozed into graves.
243:
The first students arrived at Belsen at the end of April 1945, with the remaining students reaching the camp at the beginning of May 1945. Following a briefing by
Meiklejohn on 2 May 1945, they began work at Camp 1 the following day.
1107:
372:“with feelings that are too complicated to analyse at the moment”. One newspaper reported that year, that 21 cases of typhus were diagnosed in England, seven of which were volunteer medical students returning from Belsen.
347:
Some students became unwell themselves with seven contracting typhus and two tuberculosis. Bart's student Andrew
Dossetor was hospitalised with typhus, as too was John Hancock from The London, who was later cared for by
320:
The work by the students was significant in reducing the death rate from initially more than 500 a day to fewer than 100 a day by mid-May. On 20 May 1945, Camp 1 was destroyed and the students moved to Camp 2.
352:. John Jenkins of Westminster medical school recovered from life-threatening tuberculosis. Westminster's tercentenary publication reports that four students died. However, there is no evidence that any died.
333:
A group of students discuss some of the medical details experienced during the day with E. M. De Greff, British Red Cross Relief
Officer and second-in-command of the medical students, at their daily evening
1710:
404:
D. C. Bradford believed that they were able to cope with the situation, being as young as they were "it was I think that we were young and much more flexible and could take it in those days".
1825:
473:
438:
54:
to assist in feeding starving Dutch children who had been liberated from German occupation by advancing Allied forces. However, in the meantime, British troops had liberated
453:
154:
at the request of the
British Army, to assist in feeding starving Dutch children. However, in the interim, British troops had liberated Belsen and at the request of
313:
hut, he marked whoever he felt appropriate to send there. The
Hungarian aid would then porter them into an ambulance to be taken to the human laundry in Camp II.
30:
1718:
1108:"Transcript of 'The Story of Belsen' by Captain A. Pares, Adjutant of the 113th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment The Royal Artillery, c.1945 (D/DLI 7/404/10)"
309:
who only speaks
Russian". The Lack of medical aid, equipment, drugs and hospital facilities meant improvising and making the best out of what was there.
252:
1835:
138:
39:
329:
1748:
1607:
1680:
897:
1264:
1203:
214:
in Germany. Due to problems with the weather, the aircraft arrived at Celle on different days, with two having to return to Cirencester via
78:
58:
and the students were diverted there on the day they were due to travel to the Netherlands. The students had previously spent most of the
706:
History of Westminster Hospital; Tercentenary 1719-2019. Alumnus of Westminster Medical School, University of London and Imperial College
1840:
1388:
395:
Several students later talked of their experiences at Belsen. On the bulldozing of bodies into mass graves, John Dixey later recounted;
90:
1779:
798:"Symposium--commemoration of the liberation of the Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp and medical management of disasters study period"
1764:
1587:
1535:
1423:
1346:
1233:
1066:
986:
935:
196:
55:
1560:
704:
349:
146:
In early April 1945, a call for 100 volunteer medical students in their final 18 months of medical school was made by the
361:
290:
94:
74:
51:
277:
kind of feeding inappropriate. An unpopular mixture known as the "Bengal mixture" was used for feeding. In addition to
1256:
1195:
268:
155:
102:
948:
428:
holds an archive of a number of letters and diaries of the students. Some of their memoirs were used by historian
1850:
1830:
412:
1845:
1632:
595:
429:
113:
219:
1657:
1527:
978:
461:
380:
365:
1285:. J. Gareth Jones and Oliver C. Winterbottom, in "Brexit: Implications for Anaesthesia and Healthcare",
203:
82:
339:
wine and the Red Cross issued cigarettes to them. Later, a wireless and a dartboard became available.
447:
122:
376:
1688:
905:
425:
421:
109:
230:
620:
98:
86:
17:
1082:
451:
in which Alex Paton says "in my hut there were no deaths today, sir". Michael Hargrave's diary
1775:
1760:
1583:
1577:
1556:
1548:
1531:
1478:
1460:
1419:
1413:
1342:
1260:
1229:
1199:
1189:
1062:
1024:
982:
931:
879:
830:
822:
761:
674:
612:
555:
547:
260:
187:
147:
70:
43:
1521:
1334:
1250:
1223:
972:
1468:
1452:
1252:
Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Nazi Concentration Camp
1191:
Distance from the Belsen Heap: Allied Forces and the Liberation of a Nazi Concentration Camp
1032:
1016:
869:
861:
812:
769:
664:
656:
604:
537:
523:"Rescue of the Remnants: The British Emergency Medical Relief Operation in Belsen Camp 1945"
159:
127:
59:
494:"Brigadier Hugh Glyn-Hughes, The liberation of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, June 1945"
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1299:
1133:
493:
369:
215:
1743:
949:"Featured article: 'Whoever saves a single life, it is as though he saved a whole world'"
522:
797:
587:
1473:
1440:
1282:
874:
774:
749:
669:
644:
384:
286:
191:
1496:
1037:
1004:
1819:
163:
849:
624:
302:
282:
278:
1056:
865:
207:
1363:
1020:
660:
306:
183:
151:
47:
1464:
1028:
826:
765:
723:
551:
162:
at school and in medical education. Several students had previously attended
817:
608:
542:
112:
holds a number of the students' letters and diaries which were a source for
883:
834:
559:
420:
Major A. P. Prior's papers and photographs of the students are kept in the
1482:
678:
616:
1551:. In Reilly, Jo; Cesarani, David; Kushner, Tony; Richmond, Colin (eds.).
1456:
445:
The operation was also portrayed in the 2007 feature-length drama titled
294:
436:. In 2006, St Mary's student, Andrew B. Matthews' story was told in the
120:. Their story has also been portrayed in the 2007 feature-length drama,
1158:
175:
179:
1389:"Dr. Andrew Dossetor (Pension Entitlement) (Hansard, 14 April 1981)"
411:
328:
267:
259:
251:
229:
211:
137:
29:
464:
lecture based on the students who were sent from Guy's Hospital.
186:. Dressed in battledress, at 2pm on 28 April 1945, they met the
1810:
Interview with L. W. Clarke , J. R. B. Dixey and D. C. Bradford
850:"1945- Medical Students at Belsen: Setting the record straight"
387:
and J. A. Turner from Guy's and J. Stephenson from St Thomas'.
368:, later described how on 29 May 1945 upon return, he landed at
1608:"Book Review: Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal"
1300:"The Liberation of Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp, May 1945"
588:"Belsen: Medical Aspects of a World War II Concentration Camp"
174:
At the end of April 1945, the students were immunised against
1549:"The British Army and the Liberation of Bergen-Belsen 1945"
195:
military documents. They were to fly to Holland. However,
27:
Volunteers treating Nazi concentration camp victims, 1945
1497:"British Doctors Recall Days of Horror in Bergen-Belsen"
712:. Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.
218:. They were to be under the supervision of nutritionist
926:
Suzanne Bardgett in the foreword of Michael Hargrave's
375:
Meiklejohn, who was responsible for administering the "
1222:
Hargrave, Michael John; Hargrave, David Bowen (2014).
967:
965:
474:
List of London medical students who assisted at Belsen
360:
After a month at Belsen the students were relieved by
383:
and E. M. Griffin gave particular thanks to students
69:
Sources show that twelve students came from each of
50:
called for 100 volunteer medical students from nine
34:
The London Medical students who went to Belsen, 1945
439:
Holocaust Studies: A Journal of Culture and History
796:Cordell, R. F.; Forsdick, D. H. (February 1999).
1364:"The medical students who saved lives at Belsen"
1183:
1181:
1179:
1005:"After Daybreak: The Liberation of Belsen, 1945"
1772:Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal
1523:Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal
1412:Delva, Pierre L.; Campbell-Delva, Joan (2012).
1225:Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal
1217:
1215:
1050:
1048:
974:Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal
928:Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal
904:. London: King's College London. Archived from
454:Bergen-Belsen 1945: A Medical Student's Journal
1826:London medical students who assisted at Belsen
1341:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 38.
1339:Belsen: The Liberation of a Concentration Camp
1134:"Search our collection | Imperial War Museums"
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
434:After Daybreak: The Liberation of Belsen, 1945
364:and returned to England. One of the students,
118:After Daybreak: The Liberation of Belsen, 1945
1757:After Daybreak:The Liberation of Belsen, 1945
1633:"Remembering Belsen: The Price of Assistance"
1601:
1599:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1287:Bulletin of the Royal College of Aaesthetists
791:
789:
787:
785:
8:
1711:"Reunion listings - King's Alumni Community"
1058:AfterDaybreak:The Liberation of Belsen, 1945
998:
996:
994:
1812:. Imperial War Museum oral histories (1985)
1806:. Imperial War Museum oral histories (1985)
1800:. Imperial War Museum oral histories (1985)
1794:. Imperial War Museum oral histories (1984)
638:
636:
634:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
569:
38:In early April 1945, at the request of the
1579:Medical Education: A History in 100 Images
1555:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 134–148.
1472:
1418:. Xlibris Corporation. pp. 135–136.
1036:
873:
816:
773:
668:
541:
516:
514:
256:London medical students at work in Belsen
1441:"John Arthur Harland Hancock, 1923-1974"
1335:"1. The military and medical liberation"
1228:. London: World Scientific. p. 82.
272:Belsen Concentration Camp. Human laundry
1749:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
1278:
1276:
805:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
530:Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps
485:
1415:The Biography of a New Canadian Family
234:The scene at Bergen-Belsen, April 1945
142:Brigadier Hugh Glyn-Hughes, June 1945.
724:"95 Medical students flown to Belsen"
460:In 2019, the Guy's alumni gave their
7:
1289:, September 2016. Issue 99. pp.53-55
1752:, 1 January 1984, pp. 199–201.
379:", paid tribute to them and majors
126:. The diary of Westminster student
62:at school and in medical training.
1774:. London: Imperial College Press.
416:Plaque for Guy's Hospital students
25:
1685:InTouch Online - InTouch Magazine
1083:"The Liberation Of Bergen-Belsen"
902:InTouch Online - InTouch Magazine
202:Over the following few days, six
18:London medical students at Belsen
1836:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
750:"The Medical Students at Belsen"
596:Journal Royal Army Medical Corps
521:Trepman, Elly (1 October 2001).
56:Bergen-Belsen concentration camp
1770:Hargrave, Michael John. (2014)
1520:Hargrave, Michael John (2014).
1445:Sexually Transmitted Infections
1362:Burns, Judith (15 April 2020).
971:Hargrave, Michael John (2014).
760:(4407): 883–884. 23 June 1945.
1792:Interview with J. H. S. Morgan
947:Steve McCubbin, Steve (2007).
854:Barts and the London Chronicle
1:
1804:Interview with J. R. B. Dixey
1606:Mayhew, Alex (2 April 2015).
1112:www.durhamrecordoffice.org.uk
1061:. Random House. p. 130.
1003:Paton, Alex (30 April 2005).
643:Patton, Aex (December 1981).
264:Bergen Belsen: human laundry.
1553:Belsen in History and Memory
1009:BMJ: British Medical Journal
866:10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47810
1283:"An anaesthetist at Belsen"
1257:University of Toronto Press
1196:University of Toronto Press
930:. World Scientific (2014).
1867:
1841:Aftermath of the Holocaust
1439:King, A. (1 August 1974).
730:. 30 April 1945. p. 5
156:Brigadier Hugh Glyn-Hughes
1021:10.1136/bmj.330.7498.1030
661:10.1136/bmj.283.6307.1656
291:Wernicke's encephalopathy
52:London teaching hospitals
1249:Celinscak, Mark (2015).
1188:Celinscak, Mark (2015).
645:"Mission to Belsen 1945"
362:Belgian medical students
210:with the destination of
1755:Shephard, Ben. (2005).
1333:Reilly, Joanne (1998).
848:Wand, Laurence (2009).
818:10.1136/jramc-145-01-09
754:British Medical Journal
703:Aichroth, Paul (2019).
649:British Medical Journal
609:10.1136/jramc-130-01-08
543:10.1136/jramc-147-03-06
457:was published in 2014.
289:were common, and later
220:Arnold Peter Meiklejohn
130:was published in 2014.
101:and the remainder from
1576:Walsh, Kieran (2016).
1528:Imperial College Press
1055:Shephard, Ben (2005).
979:Imperial College Press
417:
402:
335:
273:
265:
257:
235:
143:
35:
586:Vella, E. E. (1984).
415:
397:
332:
325:Life outside the camp
301:“to give a course of
271:
263:
255:
233:
141:
33:
1681:"Service to Society"
1659:The Relief of Belsen
1457:10.1136/sti.50.4.321
1304:Imperial War Museums
1198:. pp. 170–177.
1087:Imperial War Museums
898:"Service to Society"
498:Imperial War Museums
448:The Relief of Belsen
123:The Relief of Belsen
1798:Interview with Wand
1612:LSE Review of Books
1547:Kemp, Paul (1997).
1163:Wellcome Collection
655:(6307): 1656–1659.
426:Imperial War Museum
422:Wellcome Collection
110:Imperial War Museum
1721:on 27 October 2022
1691:on 27 October 2022
1159:"Catalogue search"
418:
377:starvation mixture
336:
305:to a Russian with
274:
266:
258:
236:
144:
87:University College
36:
1393:api.parliament.uk
1266:978-1-4426-4762-6
1205:978-1-4426-4762-6
432:in his 2005 book
391:Later reflections
385:D. G. A. Westbury
356:Return to England
188:British Red Cross
170:Journey to Belsen
148:British Red Cross
97:, eight from the
44:British Red Cross
16:(Redirected from
1858:
1851:1945 in medicine
1831:Medical students
1759:. Random House.
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1717:. Archived from
1715:alumni.kcl.ac.uk
1707:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1687:. Archived from
1676:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1544:
1538:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1330:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1185:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1052:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1000:
989:
969:
960:
959:
953:
944:
938:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
894:
888:
887:
877:
845:
839:
838:
820:
802:
793:
780:
779:
777:
746:
740:
739:
737:
735:
720:
714:
713:
711:
700:
683:
682:
672:
640:
629:
628:
592:
583:
564:
563:
545:
527:
518:
509:
508:
506:
504:
490:
281:and starvation,
160:Second World War
128:Michael Hargrave
95:St Bartholomew's
60:Second World War
21:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1846:1945 in Germany
1816:
1815:
1788:
1744:Student letters
1740:
1738:Further reading
1735:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1694:
1692:
1679:Graham, Simon.
1678:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1563:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1530:, Photographs.
1519:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1349:
1332:
1331:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1236:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1187:
1186:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1002:
1001:
992:
970:
963:
951:
946:
945:
941:
925:
921:
911:
909:
896:
895:
891:
847:
846:
842:
800:
795:
794:
783:
748:
747:
743:
733:
731:
722:
721:
717:
709:
702:
701:
686:
642:
641:
632:
590:
585:
584:
567:
525:
520:
519:
512:
502:
500:
492:
491:
487:
482:
470:
410:
393:
370:Croydon airport
358:
345:
343:Unwell students
327:
250:
241:
228:
172:
136:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1864:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1787:
1786:External links
1784:
1783:
1782:
1780:978-1783262885
1768:
1753:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1702:
1671:
1649:
1637:www.het.org.uk
1624:
1595:
1588:
1568:
1561:
1539:
1513:
1488:
1451:(4): 321–322.
1431:
1424:
1404:
1380:
1354:
1347:
1316:
1291:
1272:
1265:
1259:. p. 39.
1241:
1234:
1211:
1204:
1175:
1150:
1138:www.iwm.org.uk
1125:
1099:
1074:
1067:
1044:
1015:(7498): 1030.
990:
961:
939:
919:
908:on 18 May 2022
889:
840:
781:
741:
715:
684:
630:
565:
536:(3): 281–293.
510:
484:
483:
481:
478:
477:
476:
469:
466:
409:
406:
392:
389:
357:
354:
344:
341:
326:
323:
249:
246:
240:
237:
227:
224:
192:Lowndes Street
171:
168:
135:
132:
89:, eleven from
71:Guy's Hospital
66:mid-May 1945.
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1863:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:9781409079644
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1672:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:9780429586439
1585:
1582:. CRC Press.
1581:
1580:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1536:9781783262885
1533:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1425:9781469160399
1421:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1405:
1394:
1390:
1384:
1381:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1348:0-415-13827-2
1344:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1235:9781783262885
1231:
1227:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1151:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1068:9781409079644
1064:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
997:
995:
991:
988:
987:9781783262885
984:
980:
976:
975:
968:
966:
962:
957:
950:
943:
940:
937:
936:9781783262885
933:
929:
923:
920:
907:
903:
899:
893:
890:
885:
881:
876:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
844:
841:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
814:
810:
806:
799:
792:
790:
788:
786:
782:
776:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
745:
742:
729:
725:
719:
716:
708:
707:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
685:
680:
676:
671:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
639:
637:
635:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:
589:
582:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
539:
535:
531:
524:
517:
515:
511:
499:
495:
489:
486:
479:
475:
472:
471:
467:
465:
463:
458:
456:
455:
450:
449:
443:
441:
440:
435:
431:
427:
423:
414:
407:
405:
401:
396:
390:
388:
386:
382:
378:
373:
371:
367:
363:
355:
353:
351:
342:
340:
331:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
308:
304:
298:
296:
292:
288:
285:, typhus and
284:
280:
270:
262:
254:
247:
245:
238:
232:
225:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
206:set off from
205:
200:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
169:
167:
165:
164:Epsom College
161:
157:
153:
149:
140:
133:
131:
129:
125:
124:
119:
116:'s 2005 book
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
67:
63:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1771:
1756:
1747:
1725:12 September
1723:. Retrieved
1719:the original
1714:
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:the original
1684:
1674:
1663:, retrieved
1658:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1578:
1571:
1552:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:
1491:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1414:
1407:
1396:. Retrieved
1392:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:
1357:
1338:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1294:
1286:
1251:
1244:
1224:
1190:
1166:. Retrieved
1162:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1137:
1128:
1118:12 September
1116:. Retrieved
1114:. 2016-12-02
1111:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1077:
1057:
1012:
1008:
973:
955:
942:
927:
922:
910:. Retrieved
906:the original
901:
892:
860:(4): 34–35.
857:
853:
843:
811:(1): 28–30.
808:
804:
757:
753:
744:
732:. Retrieved
728:The Advocate
727:
718:
705:
652:
648:
603:(1): 34–59.
600:
594:
533:
529:
503:24 September
501:. Retrieved
497:
488:
459:
452:
446:
444:
437:
433:
430:Ben Shephard
419:
403:
398:
394:
374:
359:
350:Horace Evans
346:
337:
319:
315:
311:
303:sulphonamide
299:
287:cancrum oris
283:tuberculosis
279:malnutrition
275:
242:
201:
173:
145:
121:
117:
114:Ben Shephard
107:
93:, nine from
68:
64:
40:British Army
37:
1665:9 September
1642:7 September
1617:7 September
1562:07146-43238
1506:21 February
1309:9 September
1255:. Toronto:
1194:. Toronto:
1168:21 February
1143:21 February
1092:5 September
956:OE Magazine
734:5 September
381:A. P. Prior
334:conference.
208:Cirencester
134:Recruitment
91:Westminster
1820:Categories
1695:27 October
1526:. London:
1398:2019-09-08
981:, p. 1-4.
977:. London:
480:References
366:Alex Paton
307:erysipelas
184:diphtheria
152:War Office
83:The London
75:St Thomas'
48:War Office
1465:1368-4973
1029:0959-8138
827:0035-8665
766:0007-1447
552:0035-8665
99:Middlesex
79:St Mary's
1373:16 April
1368:BBC News
958:: 32–34.
884:32726238
835:10216846
625:32520347
560:11766210
468:See also
462:John Fry
295:pellagra
150:and the
46:and the
1501:AP NEWS
1483:4607476
1474:1045053
875:7390560
775:2057809
679:6797597
670:1507476
617:6371230
239:Arrival
216:Croydon
204:Dakotas
176:typhoid
1778:
1763:
1586:
1559:
1534:
1481:
1471:
1463:
1422:
1345:
1263:
1232:
1202:
1065:
1038:557164
1035:
1027:
985:
934:
912:18 May
882:
872:
833:
825:
772:
764:
677:
667:
623:
615:
558:
550:
424:. The
408:Legacy
226:Belsen
197:Belsen
190:at 5,
180:typhus
103:King's
42:, the
952:(PDF)
801:(PDF)
710:(PDF)
621:S2CID
591:(PDF)
526:(PDF)
248:Roles
212:Celle
1776:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1727:2019
1697:2022
1667:2019
1644:2019
1619:2019
1584:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1508:2020
1479:PMID
1461:ISSN
1420:ISBN
1375:2020
1343:ISBN
1311:2019
1261:ISBN
1230:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1170:2020
1145:2020
1120:2019
1094:2019
1063:ISBN
1025:ISSN
983:ISBN
932:ISBN
914:2022
880:PMID
831:PMID
823:ISSN
762:ISSN
736:2019
675:PMID
613:PMID
556:PMID
548:ISSN
505:2019
293:and
182:and
108:The
85:and
1746:in
1469:PMC
1453:doi
1033:PMC
1017:doi
1013:330
870:PMC
862:doi
813:doi
809:145
770:PMC
665:PMC
657:doi
653:283
605:doi
601:130
538:doi
534:147
1822::
1713:.
1683:.
1635:.
1610:.
1598:^
1499:.
1477:.
1467:.
1459:.
1449:50
1447:.
1443:.
1391:.
1366:.
1337:.
1319:^
1302:.
1275:^
1214:^
1178:^
1161:.
1136:.
1110:.
1085:.
1047:^
1031:.
1023:.
1011:.
1007:.
993:^
964:^
954:.
900:.
878:.
868:.
858:21
856:.
852:.
829:.
821:.
807:.
803:.
784:^
768:.
756:.
752:.
726:.
687:^
673:.
663:.
651:.
647:.
633:^
619:.
611:.
599:.
593:.
568:^
554:.
546:.
532:.
528:.
513:^
496:.
442:.
297:.
222:.
178:,
166:.
105:.
81:,
77:,
73:,
1767:.
1729:.
1699:.
1646:.
1621:.
1592:.
1565:.
1510:.
1485:.
1455::
1428:.
1401:.
1377:.
1351:.
1313:.
1269:.
1238:.
1208:.
1172:.
1147:.
1122:.
1096:.
1071:.
1041:.
1019::
916:.
886:.
864::
837:.
815::
778:.
758:1
738:.
681:.
659::
627:.
607::
562:.
540::
507:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
