137:. Following college, she sought a career as a dietitian. She found a job working as a dietitian in a mental institution in Virginia, but, according to a 1999 interview with Gordon by Grand Valley State University history professor Carolyn Shapiro Shapin, Gordon said the doctor treated her poorly and she was given inadequate living quarters. She returned to Grand Rapids to seek work, but she was informed that "white male chefs would not want to take orders from a black female dietitian." She was hired by Dr. Kendrick to support
174:
The
Michigan Biological Products Division, which was part of the Michigan Health Department, began producing the vaccine for state use in 1938, and then distributed across the United States by 1940. The identification of sheep blood as essential for incubating the bacterial cultures in petri dishes
190:
recognized the work of Gordon. The resolution stated, "in sincere appreciation and acknowledgment to Loney Gordon for the contribution that she has made to the health of the citizens of our State, our nation, and the world through her work in the development of a vaccine against whooping cough..."
31:
157:, trying to find the culture that would have sufficient virulence to make the vaccine. The work was conducted at Western Michigan Laboratories, later known as Kent Community Hospital, located in
618:
2987:
384:
142:
133:
in 1915, and moved to
Michigan with her family as a young child. In 1939, Gordon earned a bachelor's degree in home economics and chemistry from what was then called
2977:
611:
504:
2982:
432:
Shapiro-Shapin, Carolyn G. (2007). ""A Whole
Community Working Together": Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Grand Rapids Pertussis Trials, 1932-1939".
232:, Gordon was selected to travel to Europe and the Middle East with the National Council of Christian and Jews to "take the pulse of the people" in the area.
475:
586:
604:
167:. Gordon's analysis of pertussis cultures led to identification of a powerful strain of the organism, which enabled the development of an effective
2957:
555:
2354:
2962:
2030:
627:
195:
2997:
2992:
410:
388:
294:
339:
666:
2117:
217:, is part of the city's Community Legends Project, which seeks to build statues honoring prominent Grand Rapids figures.
1294:
2634:
2928:
2070:
671:
2252:
2415:
2168:
1678:
1658:
1411:
1136:
2800:
925:
2731:
2107:
1902:
1882:
1401:
858:
206:
1233:
2664:
2618:
1724:
996:
1928:
1653:
1314:
1182:
183:
In 1997, the Grand Rapids Public
Library had a display on several prominent Michigan women, including Gordon.
1528:
1385:
1350:
1243:
853:
2923:
2918:
2897:
2887:
2496:
2471:
2009:
1953:
1877:
1739:
1579:
1462:
1457:
1416:
1095:
1080:
1055:
981:
879:
848:
777:
767:
656:
2751:
2522:
2476:
2097:
1765:
1648:
1513:
1365:
530:
2815:
2573:
2481:
2446:
2405:
2247:
2237:
1979:
1831:
1760:
1714:
1704:
1673:
1467:
1421:
1324:
1309:
1192:
1141:
787:
736:
676:
210:
158:
134:
64:
2395:
2227:
1826:
1795:
1533:
935:
2649:
2613:
2461:
2425:
2390:
2163:
2148:
2014:
1780:
1734:
1538:
1334:
1228:
1146:
945:
940:
884:
2674:
2542:
2349:
2143:
1688:
2841:
2679:
2400:
2267:
1897:
1811:
1370:
1238:
1167:
762:
2972:
2967:
2892:
2877:
2820:
2756:
2527:
2410:
2339:
2065:
1984:
1836:
1816:
1729:
1709:
1599:
1584:
1574:
1492:
1426:
1212:
1070:
1065:
991:
772:
706:
163:
2851:
2741:
2557:
2303:
2178:
2050:
2045:
1948:
1938:
1856:
1821:
1355:
1060:
187:
2856:
2705:
2603:
2593:
2486:
2451:
2369:
2283:
2232:
2102:
2092:
1989:
1933:
1861:
1790:
1770:
1663:
1477:
1436:
1431:
1380:
1360:
1278:
1253:
1197:
1177:
1126:
960:
889:
833:
802:
225:
Gordon worked for the
Michigan Department of Health beginning in around 1956 and retiring in 1978.
2861:
2598:
2288:
2133:
2087:
1892:
1785:
1319:
1299:
2700:
2547:
2532:
2344:
2313:
2298:
2293:
2004:
1974:
1846:
1841:
1775:
1683:
1594:
1202:
1172:
1075:
950:
909:
457:
449:
263:
214:
2222:
562:
2308:
2112:
1518:
1131:
2669:
2659:
2644:
2491:
1263:
1006:
930:
812:
792:
782:
721:
661:
580:
118:
340:"Finding aid for the Michigan women and the whooping cough vaccine collection Collection 328"
2913:
2710:
2456:
2055:
1958:
1851:
1523:
1482:
1273:
1258:
1085:
1016:
904:
797:
731:
696:
681:
441:
109:(1915–1999) was an African-American chemist and laboratory researcher who assisted doctors
2836:
2810:
2746:
2736:
2639:
2364:
2359:
2334:
2318:
2242:
2173:
2138:
1943:
1918:
1755:
1719:
1589:
1564:
1508:
1248:
1111:
955:
843:
807:
741:
711:
691:
596:
2882:
2846:
2654:
2537:
2512:
2430:
2420:
2257:
2060:
1923:
1887:
1472:
1268:
1001:
828:
757:
716:
701:
686:
114:
110:
2951:
2715:
2695:
2583:
2552:
2517:
2374:
2158:
2035:
1604:
1569:
1543:
1487:
1452:
1329:
1304:
894:
461:
94:
2805:
2588:
2262:
2183:
1999:
1994:
1668:
1406:
1375:
1207:
1187:
986:
976:
863:
838:
476:"Journal No. 62 of the Michigan House of Representatives, House Resolution No. 115"
229:
154:
90:
186:
Michigan House of
Representatives Resolution No. 115, sponsored by Representative
2795:
2466:
2153:
1548:
350:
2608:
2578:
1162:
1121:
1090:
1011:
899:
726:
161:. Gordon's work focused on pertussis cultures and virulence of the bacterium
2040:
1116:
138:
505:"Sculpture honors Grand Rapids women who pioneered whooping cough vaccine"
445:
201:
Gordon, alongside
Eldering and Kendrick, are honored with a statue titled
30:
130:
453:
387:. Michigan Women's Historical Center & Hall of Fame. Archived from
168:
117:
with bacteriological virulence research leading to the creation of the
509:
2777:
2204:
1625:
1037:
638:
600:
411:"How 2 women scientists created whooping cough vaccine"
243:
Loney
Clinton married Howard Gordon on June 23, 1956.
2906:
2870:
2829:
2788:
2724:
2688:
2627:
2566:
2505:
2439:
2383:
2327:
2276:
2215:
2126:
2080:
2023:
1967:
1911:
1870:
1804:
1748:
1697:
1636:
1557:
1501:
1445:
1394:
1343:
1287:
1221:
1155:
1104:
1048:
969:
918:
872:
821:
750:
649:
86:
71:
53:
37:
21:
2355:Les Meres et Debutantes Club of Greater Lansing
153:In the early 1940s, Gordon tested thousands of
612:
295:"The Unsung Heroes Who Ended a Deadly Plague"
8:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
175:in the laboratory is attributed to Gordon.
2785:
2774:
2212:
2201:
1633:
1622:
1045:
1034:
646:
635:
619:
605:
597:
29:
18:
207:Michigan State University Research Center
2988:20th-century African-American scientists
288:
286:
284:
252:
2978:20th-century American women scientists
585:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
578:
258:
256:
7:
2983:20th-century African-American women
2118:Sister Mary Francilene Van de Vyver
531:"Community Legends Sculptures Tour"
14:
2635:American Legion NUWARINE Post 535
2929:Traverse City Ladies Association
413:. Michigan Live. 25 January 2015
203:Adulation: The Future of Science
2253:Dorean Marguerite Hurley Koenig
293:Conniff, Richard (March 2022).
264:"Loney O Gordon - Death Record"
143:Michigan Department of Health's
2958:20th-century American chemists
145:Grand Rapids lab around 1944.
1:
1137:Virginia Cecile Blomer Nordby
667:Mamie Geraldine Neale Bledsoe
628:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame
196:Michigan Women's Hall of Fame
194:Gordon was inducted into the
2801:Elizabeth Jackson (Michigan)
2071:Woman's Hospital Association
1295:Marie-Therese Guyon Cadillac
926:Louise (Sally) Langdon Brown
503:Scott, Monica (2019-09-27).
268:Death-records.mooseroots.com
2732:Margaret Kirchner Stevenson
1402:Carrie Frazier Rogers-Brown
672:Elizabeth Margaret Chandler
3014:
2416:Marina von Neumann Whitman
1679:Katharine Dexter McCormick
1659:Cornelia Groefsema Kennedy
1412:Waunetta McClellan Dominic
1234:Catherine Carter Blackwell
434:Michigan Historical Review
213:. The statue, designed by
2784:
2773:
2211:
2200:
2108:Jane Johnston Schoolcraft
1903:Constance Mayfield Rourke
1883:Jennifer Mulhern Granholm
1632:
1621:
1044:
1033:
859:Mary Chase Perry Stratton
645:
634:
301:. Smithsonian Institution
100:
79:
28:
1929:Georgia A. Lewis Johnson
1781:Lucille Hanna McCollough
1725:Francie Kraker Goodridge
1654:Dauris Gwendolyn Jackson
1315:Genora Johnson Dollinger
1183:Luise Ruth Leismer Mahon
997:Bernadine Newsom Denning
125:Early life and education
16:African-American chemist
2963:American women chemists
2497:Lucille Farrier Stickel
2010:Martha Strickland Clark
1954:Margaret Sellers Walker
1529:Dorrie Ellen Rosenblatt
1463:Four Sisters of Charity
1458:Marion Corwell-Shertzer
1386:Jacquelin E. Washington
1351:Yolanda Alvarado-Ortega
1244:Katherine Hill Campbell
1096:Delia Villegas Vorhauer
1081:Emelia Christine Schaub
1056:Emily Helen Butterfield
982:Anna Sutherland Bissell
854:Marjorie Peebles-Meyers
849:Marjorie Swank Matthews
778:Emma Genevieve Gillette
768:Caroline Bartlett Crane
657:Harriette Simpson Arnow
535:Experience Grand Rapids
2998:Chemists from Michigan
2993:Chemists from Arkansas
2924:Kelly Rossman McKinney
2919:Denise Langford Morris
2898:Danielle Camille Woods
2888:Mary Kramer (Michigan)
2574:Elizabeth Sparks Adams
2482:Marylou Olivarez Mason
2472:Mary Carmelita Manning
2447:Elizabeth Lehman Belen
1878:Geraldine Bledsoe Ford
1761:Julia Wheelock Freeman
1756:Hortense Golden Canady
1740:Joesphine Stern Weiner
1715:Theresa Maxis Duchemin
1705:Cora Reynolds Anderson
1580:Margaret Drake Elliott
1417:Margaret Muth Laurence
1325:Sarah Van Hoosen Jones
1142:Dorothy Comstock Riley
880:Marion Isabel Barnhart
788:Magdelaine Laframboise
737:Lucinda Hinsdale Stone
677:Mary Stallings Coleman
385:"Loney Clinton Gordon"
211:Grand Rapids, Michigan
159:Grand Rapids, Michigan
135:Michigan State College
75:Michigan State College
65:East Lansing, Michigan
61:(aged 83) (at 83)
2752:Vernice Davis Anthony
2650:Lisette Denison Forth
2614:Lou Anna Kimsey Simon
2477:Barbara Roberts Mason
2426:Elizabeth Eaglesfield
2015:Helen Hornbeck Tanner
1766:Lillian Mellen Genser
1649:Katherine G. Heideman
1539:Martha Jean Steinberg
1514:Hilda Patricia Curran
1366:Lucia Voorhees Grimes
1335:Helen Walker McAndrew
1229:Edith Vosburgh Alvord
941:Frances Alvord Harris
885:Patricia Hill Burnett
446:10.1353/mhr.2007.0001
235:Gordon died in 1999.
2893:Mary Locke Petermann
2878:Esther Gordy Edwards
2816:Atlas Ruth Westbrook
2406:Joan Jackson Johnson
2248:Sherrill Freeborough
2238:Sandra Laser Draggoo
1980:Mary Esther Daddazio
1837:Eliza Seaman Leggett
1832:Joyce Lewis Kornbluh
1730:Marian Bayoff Ilitch
1674:Marilyn Fisher Lundy
1644:Loney Clinton Gordon
1600:Emily Burton Ketcham
1493:Matilda Dodge Wilson
1468:Della McGraw Goodwin
1427:Betsy Graves Reyneau
1422:Claudia House Morcom
1310:Bertha A. Daubendiek
1249:Lenna Frances Cooper
1213:Charleszetta Waddles
1193:Martha Romayne Seger
1066:Dorothy Leonard Judd
773:Marguerite de Angeli
707:Laura Smith Haviland
299:Smithsonian Magazine
221:Later life and death
164:Bordetella pertussis
107:Loney Clinton Gordon
23:Loney Clinton Gordon
2857:Sarah Elizabeth Ray
2706:Clara Stanton Jones
2604:Mary Free Bed Guild
2396:Judith Levin Cantor
2370:Eva McCall Hamilton
2233:Augusta Jane Chapin
2228:Laura Carter Callow
1934:Lida Holmes Mattman
1827:Alice Scanlan Kocel
1796:Muriel Dorothy Ross
1791:Martha Louise Rayne
1771:May Stocking Knaggs
1664:Marjorie J. Lansing
1534:Ella Merriman Sharp
1478:Nancy Harkness Love
1437:Joan Luedders Wolfe
1432:Shirley E. Schwartz
1381:Laura Freele Osborn
1279:Irene Clark Woodman
1254:Roberta A. Griffith
1178:Violet Temple Lewis
961:Sarah Goddard Power
936:Marcia J. Federbush
834:Elizabeth C. Crosby
803:Jessie Pharr Slaton
697:Martha W. Griffiths
129:Gordon was born in
2701:Mona Hanna-Attisha
2533:Mabel White Holmes
2462:Dorothy A. Johnson
2391:Elizabeth W. Bauer
2345:Mary Jane Dockeray
2314:Rose Mary Robinson
2299:Valeria Lipczynski
2169:Elizabeth Phillips
2164:Kay Givens McGowan
2005:Dora Hall Stockman
1847:Marion Weyant Ruth
1776:Naomi Long Madgett
1735:Mary Ellen Riordan
1684:Kathleen N. Straus
1595:Ella Eaton Kellogg
1203:Sylvia M. Stoesser
1173:Sarah Emma Edmonds
1147:Edith Mays Swanson
1076:Fannie M. Richards
951:Agnes Mary Mansour
946:M. Jane Kay Nugent
483:Legislature.mi.gov
391:on 6 February 2015
356:on 5 February 2015
347:Grplpedia.grpl.org
215:Jay Hall Carpenter
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2675:Rosemary C. Sarri
2670:Rosie the Riveter
2660:Verna Grahek Mize
2645:Clara Bryant Ford
2543:Esther K. Shapiro
2492:Mary Ellen Sheets
2350:Judith Karandjeff
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2144:Margaret Chandler
2073:(charter members)
1689:Clarissa M. Young
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1264:Jeanne Omelenchuk
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1007:Jean Ledwith King
931:Ethelene Crockett
813:Bertha Van Hoosen
793:Martha Longstreet
783:Icie Macy Hoobler
722:Helen W. Milliken
662:N. Lorraine Beebe
119:pertussis vaccine
104:
103:
81:Scientific career
3005:
2914:Gretchen Whitmer
2842:Debra White-Hunt
2786:
2775:
2711:Angela K. Wilson
2680:Elizabeth Wetzel
2619:Charlotte Wilson
2457:Jeanne Findlater
2401:Paula Cunningham
2268:Cynthia J. Pasky
2213:
2202:
2056:Jane Briggs Hart
1959:Elizabeth Weaver
1944:Deborah Stabenow
1898:Cathy McClelland
1852:Bernice Steadman
1812:Mary Agnes Blair
1634:
1623:
1524:Eleanor Josaitis
1488:Sharon E. Sutton
1483:Maryann Mahaffey
1371:R. Louise Grooms
1274:Edna Noble White
1259:Bina West Miller
1239:Jean W. Campbell
1168:Mary Lou Butcher
1086:Mary P. Sinclair
1046:
1035:
1017:Mary Anne Bryant
905:Rosa Slade Gragg
798:Elly M. Peterson
763:Helen J. Claytor
732:Anna Howard Shaw
682:Wilma T. Donahue
647:
636:
621:
614:
607:
598:
591:
590:
584:
576:
574:
573:
567:
561:. Archived from
560:
552:
546:
545:
543:
542:
527:
521:
520:
518:
517:
500:
494:
493:
491:
489:
480:
472:
466:
465:
429:
423:
422:
420:
418:
407:
401:
400:
398:
396:
381:
366:
365:
363:
361:
355:
349:. Archived from
344:
336:
311:
310:
308:
306:
290:
279:
278:
276:
274:
260:
141:research at the
60:
33:
19:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2933:
2902:
2866:
2837:Rosalind Brewer
2825:
2821:Dorothy Zehnder
2811:Martha Teichner
2780:
2761:
2757:Terry Blackhawk
2747:Gilda Z. Jacobs
2737:Lucile A. Watts
2720:
2684:
2640:Ella Mae Backus
2623:
2562:
2528:Janet C. Cooper
2501:
2435:
2411:Gladys McKenney
2379:
2365:L. Anna Ballard
2360:Serena Williams
2340:Patricia Caruso
2335:Gladys Beckwith
2323:
2319:Tricia Saunders
2272:
2243:Annie Etheridge
2207:
2188:
2174:Jessica Rickert
2139:Grace Lee Boggs
2122:
2076:
2066:Kathleen Wilbur
2019:
1985:Margery Feliksa
1963:
1919:Margaret Chiara
1907:
1866:
1817:Verne Burbridge
1800:
1744:
1720:Aretha Franklin
1710:Lucile E. Belen
1693:
1628:
1609:
1590:Eleonore Hutzel
1585:Elizabeth Homer
1575:Doris DeDeckere
1565:Patricia Beeman
1553:
1509:Connie Binsfeld
1497:
1441:
1390:
1339:
1283:
1217:
1151:
1112:Rachel Andresen
1100:
1071:Elba Lila Morse
1040:
1021:
992:Anne R. Davidow
965:
956:Helen M. Martin
914:
868:
844:Elmina R. Lucke
817:
808:Mary C. Spencer
746:
742:Sojourner Truth
712:Mildred Jeffrey
692:Josephine Gomon
641:
630:
625:
595:
594:
577:
571:
569:
565:
558:
556:"Archived copy"
554:
553:
549:
540:
538:
529:
528:
524:
515:
513:
502:
501:
497:
487:
485:
478:
474:
473:
469:
431:
430:
426:
416:
414:
409:
408:
404:
394:
392:
383:
382:
369:
359:
357:
353:
342:
338:
337:
314:
304:
302:
292:
291:
282:
272:
270:
262:
261:
254:
249:
241:
223:
181:
151:
127:
72:Alma mater
67:
62:
58:
49:
46:
45:October 8, 1915
44:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3011:
3009:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2883:Carol Hutchins
2880:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Fannie B. Peck
2849:
2847:Lila Neuenfelt
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Martha Baldwin
2739:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2665:Bernice Morton
2662:
2657:
2655:Mary Kay Henry
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2558:Linda M. Woods
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Candice Miller
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2513:Jocelyn Benson
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2431:Harriet Quimby
2428:
2423:
2421:Con-Con Eleven
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Edelmira Lopez
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Terry McMillan
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2179:Betty Tableman
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2063:
2061:Abigail Rogers
2058:
2053:
2051:Carolyn Geisel
2048:
2046:Haifa Fakhouri
2043:
2038:
2033:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Caroline Thrun
1946:
1941:
1939:Olivia Maynard
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Eva Lois Evans
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:Lystra Gretter
1885:
1880:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1859:
1857:Pamela Withrow
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Nellie Cuellar
1819:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:Alice Hamilton
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1356:Irene Auberlin
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Sippie Wallace
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1061:Erma Henderson
1058:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
1002:Isabella Karle
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
973:
971:
967:
966:
964:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
916:
915:
913:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
876:
874:
870:
869:
867:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
829:Patricia Boyle
825:
823:
819:
818:
816:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
758:Virginia Allan
754:
752:
748:
747:
745:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
717:Pearl Kendrick
714:
709:
704:
702:Dorothy Haener
699:
694:
689:
687:Grace Eldering
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
651:
643:
642:
639:
632:
631:
626:
624:
623:
616:
609:
601:
593:
592:
547:
522:
495:
467:
424:
402:
367:
312:
280:
251:
250:
248:
245:
240:
237:
222:
219:
188:Lynne Martinez
180:
177:
155:culture plates
150:
147:
126:
123:
115:Grace Eldering
111:Pearl Kendrick
102:
101:
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
77:
76:
73:
69:
68:
63:
55:
51:
50:
47:
41:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3010:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:
2772:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2716:Kym L. Worthy
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Agatha Biddle
2694:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Evelyn Golden
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:Daisy Elliott
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Myra Wolfgang
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Maxine Berman
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:Andra M. Rush
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:MaryLee Davis
2450:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2375:Mary E. McCoy
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2294:Marilyn Kelly
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2284:Lois A. Bader
2282:
2281:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2159:Glenda Lappan
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2103:Vicki Neiberg
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Patricia Cuza
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Gertrude Buck
2034:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Nancy Hammond
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1862:Ruth Zweifler
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1606:
1605:Ardeth Platte
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1570:Olympia Brown
1568:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1544:Ruth Thompson
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1453:Ellen Burstyn
1451:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Hilda R. Gage
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Aleda E. Lutz
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:Flossie Cohen
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:Ann M. Shafer
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:Janet K. Good
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1032:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
974:
972:
968:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
917:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
895:Georgia Emery
893:
891:
890:Ethel Calhoun
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
875:
871:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
820:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
753:
749:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
652:
648:
644:
637:
633:
629:
622:
617:
615:
610:
608:
603:
602:
599:
588:
582:
568:on 2016-11-18
564:
557:
551:
548:
536:
532:
526:
523:
512:
511:
506:
499:
496:
484:
477:
471:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
428:
425:
412:
406:
403:
390:
386:
380:
378:
376:
374:
372:
368:
352:
348:
341:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
313:
300:
296:
289:
287:
285:
281:
269:
265:
259:
257:
253:
246:
244:
239:Personal life
238:
236:
233:
231:
226:
220:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
197:
192:
189:
184:
178:
176:
172:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
148:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
124:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
99:
96:
95:Public Health
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
57:July 16, 1999
56:
52:
42:Loney Clinton
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2862:Diana Sieger
2806:Glenda Price
2599:Olivia Letts
2589:Faith Fowler
2289:Jumana Judeh
2263:Edith Munger
2184:Marlo Thomas
2134:Carol Atkins
2088:Carol Atkins
2000:Marge Piercy
1995:Viola Liuzzo
1893:Florine Mark
1786:Lana Pollack
1669:Chuan-Pu Lee
1643:
1407:Anna Clemenc
1376:Odessa Komer
1320:Flora Hommel
1300:Ruth Carlton
1208:Lucy Thurman
1188:Gilda Radner
987:Alexa Canady
977:Clara Arthur
864:Helen Thomas
839:Gwen Frostic
570:. Retrieved
563:the original
550:
539:. Retrieved
537:. 2024-02-06
534:
525:
514:. Retrieved
508:
498:
486:. Retrieved
482:
470:
440:(1): 59–85.
437:
433:
427:
415:. Retrieved
405:
393:. Retrieved
389:the original
358:. Retrieved
351:the original
346:
303:. Retrieved
298:
271:. Retrieved
267:
242:
234:
230:World War II
227:
224:
202:
200:
193:
185:
182:
173:
162:
152:
128:
106:
105:
91:Bacteriology
80:
59:(1999-07-16)
2973:1999 deaths
2968:1915 births
2796:Najah Bazzy
2548:Maggie Walz
2467:Julie Krone
2154:Edna Ferber
1975:Cynthia Yao
1842:Ida Lippman
1549:Lily Tomlin
910:Clara Raven
179:Recognition
2952:Categories
2609:Diana Ross
2579:Anan Ameri
2523:Sue Carter
2223:Mary Aikey
2149:Ruth Ellis
2098:Carol King
2031:Mary Brown
1163:Cora Brown
1122:Jan BenDor
1091:Merze Tate
1012:Olga Madar
900:Betty Ford
727:Rosa Parks
572:2018-04-09
541:2024-05-09
516:2024-05-09
247:References
2309:Kary Moss
2113:Leta Snow
2041:Emma Cole
1519:Marie Dye
1132:Jo Jacobs
1117:Mary Beck
462:150019731
198:in 2000.
139:pertussis
581:cite web
454:20174193
149:Research
131:Arkansas
48:Arkansas
488:6 March
417:5 March
395:5 March
360:6 March
305:8 March
273:6 March
205:at the
169:vaccine
460:
452:
228:After
87:Fields
2779:2020s
2206:2010s
1627:2000s
1039:1990s
640:1980s
566:(PDF)
559:(PDF)
510:mlive
479:(PDF)
458:S2CID
450:JSTOR
354:(PDF)
343:(PDF)
2907:2023
2871:2022
2830:2021
2789:2020
2725:2019
2689:2018
2628:2017
2567:2016
2506:2015
2440:2014
2384:2013
2328:2012
2277:2011
2216:2010
2127:2009
2081:2008
2024:2007
1968:2006
1912:2005
1871:2004
1805:2003
1749:2002
1698:2001
1637:2000
1558:1999
1502:1998
1446:1997
1395:1996
1344:1995
1288:1994
1222:1993
1156:1992
1105:1991
1049:1990
970:1989
919:1988
873:1987
822:1986
751:1984
650:1983
587:link
490:2015
419:2015
397:2015
362:2015
307:2023
275:2015
113:and
54:Died
38:Born
442:doi
209:in
2954::
583:}}
579:{{
533:.
507:.
481:.
456:.
448:.
438:33
436:.
370:^
345:.
315:^
297:.
283:^
266:.
255:^
171:.
121:.
93:,
620:e
613:t
606:v
589:)
575:.
544:.
519:.
492:.
464:.
444::
421:.
399:.
364:.
309:.
277:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
