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was the lack of a servant staircase in
Burwell's plans. Without a second stair, servants would be unable to go upstairs without using the main staircase and crossing the central hall. The back staircase to the left of the central stair is believed to be a direct result of Latrobe's comments. Overall Latrobe described the Long Branch plans as, "infinitely a better one than almost any other which I have seen adopted in Virginia, and the house would be a good one without any alteration." While Latrobe made comments to the plans Burwell sent them, there is no evidence that Latrobe ever visited the site or directly drew plans for Long Branch.
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her son, Hugh Nelson Jr. bought back the majority of the plantations possessions. In 1869, the courts ordered that the house and farm where auctioned off to pay off the remaining debts. The land was auctioned off in two plats, half of the land in one and 280 acres with the house and old buildings. Adelaide was the only bidder for the lot with the house. Eight months after
Adelaide died of
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the kitchen reduced. A stairwell to the basement was removed to make a pantry. Isaac's restoration involved the removal and replacement of existing materials and features. The brick sidewalks, shutters, columns, portico details and features, chimneys, roofing, gutters, exterior brick, and mantels were all replaced with modern reconstructions.
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After his death in 1990, Harry Z. Issacs left Long Branch to a non-profit foundation. The Harry Z. Isaacs foundation has headquarters in
Baltimore with a local board of directors. Tyson Gilpin, chaired the board of directors, oversaw the daily operation of the estate and Colette Poisson, as assistant
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In August 1957, Long Branch was sold to Abram and
Dorothy Hewitt. At the time of the sale, Long Branch had deteriorated and the Hewitt's worked to repair and renovate the house. They lived at Long Branch, raising their four sons until 1978 when they sold Long Branch to two doctors from California. In
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Around 1790, Robert Cater
Burwell established Long Branch Plantation and began farming wheat. During the early years of the plantation, Burwell lived with his sister and brother-in-law just north of Long Branch at Rattlesnake Plantation, currently known as Rosney. In the beginning of the 19th century
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Counties, Virginia. In 1740 the land was split into eight lots and divided into approximately the same size lots. Robert "Robin" Burwell, a grandson to King Carter, received 5,619 acres of the land. Robert "Robin" Burwell left his land to his son
Nathaniel and to his grandson Robert Carter Burwell.
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As a large wheat plantation, Long Branch used enslaved workers to tend to the fields as well as the families house and gardens. At the peak of operation, the plantation utilized 20-30 slaves for the planting and harvesting of the crop. In addition to the main farming tasks, slaves also tended to the
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Pictorial records and oral histories indicate that Long Branch had a grouping of outbuildings fairly close to the house. Various owners have built and demolished these outbuildings over the years. Up to the mid-20th century a number of buildings had survived. These include the summer kitchen, slave
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Latrobe commented on
Burwell's plans and made a number of criticisms. He noted the location of the dining room and bedroom on the north side of the house. "In the summer you will be plagued in the evening after dinner by the western sun, and in the winter by the N. West wind." The largest criticism
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Harry Z. Isaacs made a number of changes to Long Branch. He added the west wing to balance the exterior of the house and completed a number of extensive reconstructions. Structural issues required the south wall of the east wing to be rebuilt. The east wing dining room was enlarged and the size of
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had decreased in value. In 1860, Long Branch was assessed for $ 103,600 (~$ 2.87 million in 2023). By 1870, it had decreased to the value of $ 45,000 (~$ 956,896 in 2023). In 1867, after much legal battle, the courts had ordered the personal effects of Hugh Sr. be put to auction. Adelaide and
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In 1842, Philip Nelson sold Long Branch to his nephew, Hugh
Mortimer Nelson and his wife Anna Maria Adelaide Holker. This was the first time Long Branch changed hands in a financial transaction and the last until 1957. When Hugh M. Nelson and his wife Adelaide moved to Long Branch with their
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built in the early 19th century. Named after the creek that runs through the property, Long Branch was built on approximately 1,000 acres (currently 400 acres) by Robert Carter
Burwell in 1811 and was owned by the Burwell-Nelson family until 1957. The property was placed on the
400:. Their position in Millwood's society came with considerable expense. As early as 1850, Nelson started to take out loans against Long Branch. He took out several debts and left many bills unpaid. There is little evidence that Adelaide knew of any financial troubles.
334:, familiarly known as "King Carter" was appointed agent for the sale and lease of unoccupied areas of the Fairfax proprietary. On September 22, 1730, acting as Fairfax's agent, he executed a deed to ten of his sons and grandsons: 50,212 acres of land in what are now
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Hugh Nelson Jr. and his wife, Sallie Page Nelson, lived at Long Branch and established a reputation for their hospitality and entertaining. After the death of Hugh Nelson Jr. in 1915, Sallie Page Nelson remained at Long Branch until her death in 1951.
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were grown on the property. The orchard had cherries, plums, and peaches. The kitchen gardens grew a variety of vegetables and herbs. By the 1930s the gardens were lost, however, the
Hewitts reintroduced the flower and kitchen gardens to Long Branch.
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Isaacs began an extensive restoration of Long Branch. Shortly after the start of the restoration, Isaacs learned he had terminal cancer. Upon his death, he left the house and 400-acres to a non-profit foundation and opened Long Branch to the public.
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1982, they sold to a Texas businessman and horse breeder. The condition of Long Branch had deteriorated significantly and the mortgage defaulted on. Once again, Long Branch was auctioned on the steps of the Clarke County Courthouse. In 1986,
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373:. He willed his land to his sister, Sarah Nelson and her husband Philip. It is unknown whether Burwell finished construction of the mansion before his death or if Sarah and Philip continued construction upon their inheritance.
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Records show that while wheat was the main crop at Long Branch, corn was a secondary crop for the plantation. Letters written by the residents of Long Branch explain their hope for the corn after the wheat crop failed.
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In 1769, Robin Burwell conveyed half of his land to his son Nathaniel, who later sold it in 1771. After Robin Burwell's death, controversy erupted over who owned various portions of the original grant.
1119:
Masson, Kathryn and Brooke, Steven (photographer); Historic House of Virginia: Great Plantation Houses, Mansions, and Country Places; Rizzoli International Publications; New York City, New York; 2006
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Through the 1800s much of Long Branch's land was taken up by the wheat plantation. The main house was supported by a greenhouse (burned down in 1861), orchards, and kitchen gardens. Records show that
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In 1798, after the legal problems had been sorted out, Robert Carter Burwell inherited his grandfather's land of about 1,000 acres lying roughly between Long Branch Creek and Rattlesnake Spring.
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Indoor plumbing was added some time before 1915, with two identical bathrooms on the first and second floors were added to the northwest rooms. Electricity and a modern kitchen were added after
324:. On September 7, 1688, after acquiring the interests of the remaining grantees, Lord Culpepper was recognized as the sole owner of the Northern Neck. This land passed to his grandson Thomas,
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Horses have been an integral part of the history at Long Branch. Originally horses were used to help plow the fields and pull carriages. Hugh Nelson Jr. was an avid horse breeder, raising
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In 1997, the Sheila Macqueen Gardens were established at Long Branch. The flower gardens are dedicated to the notable British flower arranger, Sheila Macqueen. The gardens feature herbs,
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In 2013, Long Branch underwent an extensive update to the museum. The museum installed new history exhibits and period rooms with an updated self-guided tour and new museum programming.
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Harry Isaacs constructed numerous outbuildings that stand today. The large horse barn, a machinery shed, two garages, and two houses near the north and south entrances of the property.
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Phillips, Edward H., The Lower Shenandoah Valley in the Civil War: The Impact of War Upon the Civilian Population and Civil Institutions (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard Inc., 1993)
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was a productive and expanding agricultural region. The Valley farmers took advantage of the fertile land and created a booming commercial agricultural industry.
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Vlach, John Michael, Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery (Chapel Hill, N.C,: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993)
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that was enclosed in the Nelson renovation of 1845. They added the woodwork in the parlor and original dining room, which is based on the designs of
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and died on August 6, 1862. Long Branch escaped much damage during the war. Reports of the fields being burned was the extent of any damage done.
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in 1875, Hugh Nelson Jr. bought back the other half of the farm and the entire farm was restored to the family by court decree in 1884.
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Fordney, Christopher R. Long Branch: A Plantation House in Clarke County, Virginia. Millwood, VA: H.Z. Isaacs Foundation, 1995. Print.
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672:. Abram Hewitt and Harry Isaacs continued the horse breeding tradition at Long Branch, each having their own well-known operations.
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Deed, Robert Carter Burweel's executor to Robert Carter Burwell, Dec. 3, 1798, deed book 25, p. 458, Frederick County Circuit Court
455:, a Baltimore textile executive and horse breeder, purchased the house and land for $ 1.35 million (~$ 3.18 million in 2023).
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three-year-old daughter, Nannie, they started a large renovation and expansion of the property. In 1847, Hugh Nelson Jr. was born.
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in the valley. The owners of Long Branch capitalized on this market and maintained a wheat plantation into the mid-19th century.
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Order signed by Hugh Nelson in his capacity as justice of the peace, Burwell Family papers, Virginia Historical Society
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The University Memorial Biographical Sketches of Alumni of the University of Virginia Who Fell in the Confederate War
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woodwork in the nation." Hugh M. Nelson also added the hanging spiral staircase and the columns in the entrance hall.
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and assumed a leading role within Millwood's society. Hugh Nelson took command of the Clarke Cavalry, served as a
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Over the years, Long Branch has raised a variety of livestock, including cow, sheep, horses, pigs, and chickens.
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In 1811, Burwell had planned a large, two-story brick home with an east wing. Burwell consulted with architect,
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Deed, Philip Nelson and wife to Hugh M. Nelson, March 23, 1842, deed book B, p. 221, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Sale account of Hugh M. Nelson's personal property, will book F, p. 1, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Deed, Nannie N. Huidekoper to Abram Hewitt, deed book 52, p. 388, Clarke County Circuit Court
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In 1861, Hugh M. Nelson organized the Clarke Cavalry and reported for duty to fight with the
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Today, Long Branch has an extensive boarding program for the care of retired sport horses.
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After the war, Adelaide discovered the debt and was in danger of losing Long Branch. The
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Long Branch Historic House and Farm hosts many special events and weddings on location.
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flower and kitchen gardens and helped with the maintenance and cleaning of the mansion.
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Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association(PCCHA), Vol. 14, 1956-57, p. 61
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to Isaacs, became the curator. On April 3, 1993, Long Branch was opened to the public.
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survived until 1971 when it burned down. Only the smokehouse and springhouse remain.
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1049:(Clifton, N.J.: Published for the Maryland Historical Society by J.T. White, 1976)
833:(Clifton, N.J.: Published for the Maryland Historical Society by J.T. White, 1976)
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Burwell began to plan his own home, just south of Rosney near Long Branch Creek.
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Hamlin Talbot, Benjamin Henry Latrobe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1955)
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Decree, Henderson vs. Burwell et al., Nov. 20,1788, Virginia Historical Society
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were added in 1845 by Hugh M. and Adelaide Nelson. The south portico boasts
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pattern books and has been called "some of the most beautiful examples of
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Deed, April 28, 1978, deed book 127, 9. 372, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Chappelear, B. Curtis, "Robert Burwell's land on the Shenandoah River,"
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Deed, March 31, 1982, deed book 146, p. 40, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Nelson's Adm'r v. Kownslar's Ex'or & others, University of Virginia
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The residents of Long Branch utilized slave labor until the end of the
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369:. He died later that year of diseases he contracted while stationed in
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Schlebecker, John T., "Farmers in the Lower Shenandoah Valley, 1850,"
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Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia
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Creditors' accounts, Nelson vs. Arnett, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Broadside advertising Clydesdales at Long Branch Plantation in 1883
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A pool was added by the Hewitts' and later taken out by Isaacs.
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2017:
National Register of Historic Places in Clarke County, Virginia
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2012:
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
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Robert Carter land division, Northern neck deed book C, p. 27
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during construction. After the start of construction of the
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The wheat from Long Branch was likely ground at the nearby
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West side of Long Branch plantation before wing was added
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Harry Z. Isaacs purchased Long Branch Plantation in 1986
791:
Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association
1020:
Loth, Calder. Letter to Harry Z. Isaacs. 22 Oct. 1986.
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Clarke County land tax records, Virginia State Library
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Handbill publicizing the public auction of Long Branch
365:, Burwell left in the summer of 1813 to fight in the
687:
Picture of Slave Quarters at Long Branch Plantation.
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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Letter, W.L. Bent to Adelaide Nelson, Sept. 21,1861
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Will book 9, p. 263, Frederick County Circuit Court
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1036:(Harry Z. Isaacs Foundation, Millwood, Va., 1995)
559:, and various other grains dominated the region.
328:and was managed by him until his death in 1781.
2027:Benjamin Henry Latrobe buildings and structures
2037:Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
1060:The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
895:(H.E. Howard inc.: Lynchburg, Va., 1990), p. 3
574:in Millwood and transported to the markets in
502:The east wing was a service wing with an open
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119:
94:
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1034:A Plantation House in Clarke County, Virginia
384:, Hugh and Adelaide took to life as Virginia
8:
1062:, Vol. 79, No. 4, October 1971, pp. 463-476
762:. Virginia Department of Historic Resources
2047:Brick buildings and structures in Virginia
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1045:Edward C. Carter, Thomas E. Jeffery, eds.
1011:The Winchester Star, Sept. 17, 1986, p. 13
320:of Virginia, to seven followers including
69:
1205:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
935:Censuses of 1861 and 1870, Hadley Library
829:Carter, Edward C., Thomas Jeffrey, eds.,
49:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
27:Historic house in Virginia, United States
962:Nelson Adm'r vs. Kownslar's Exec'r, p. 4
820:Long Branch Plantation ledger book, 1796
699:. At least one family was rehired after
547:During the 18th and 19th centuries, the
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703:to continue as free labor on the farm.
736:"National Register Information System"
32:
7:
1047:The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe
831:The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe
741:National Register of Historic Places
316:, granted the original tract of the
302:National Register of Historic Places
41:Long Branch Historic House and Farm
2032:Museums in Clarke County, Virginia
2022:Historic house museums in Virginia
25:
1997:Houses in Clarke County, Virginia
1082:Homes and Gardens in Old Virginia
1992:Federal architecture in Virginia
1987:Greek Revival houses in Virginia
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475:Built in 1811, Long Branch is a
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18:Long Branch (Millwood, Virginia)
1093:Census of 1870, Handley Library
380:After moving to Virginia from
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1:
2007:Plantation houses in Virginia
878:Johnson, Rev. John Lipscomb,
760:"Virginia Landmarks Register"
563:served as the most prominent
291:is a historic family seat in
165:W of jct. of CR 626 and 624,
152:Show map of the United States
102:Show map of Northern Virginia
1162:Brief History of Long Branch
30:United States historic place
1933:National Historic Landmarks
58:Virginia Landmarks Register
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2042:Burwell family of Virginia
495:and the north portico has
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242:NRHP reference
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578:before being shipped to
411:, Nelson fell sick with
407:. After fighting in the
234:Architectural style
2002:Plantations in Virginia
312:On September 18, 1650,
213:400 acres (160 ha)
1946:Keeper of the Register
1858:Poquoson (no listings)
1080:Christian and Massie,
924:Sixth Virginia Cavalry
893:Sixth Virginia Cavalry
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359:Benjamin Henry Latrobe
237:Federal, Greek Revival
1966:Contributing property
1029:Fordney, Christopher
746:National Park Service
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314:Charles II of England
194:39.04278°N 78.05583°W
891:Musick, Michael P.,
390:justice of the peace
304:on October 1, 1969.
127:Show map of Virginia
572:Burwell-Morgan Mill
487:and front and back
382:Baltimore, Maryland
326:6th Lord of Fairfax
279:Designated VLR
199:39.04278; -78.05583
190: /
1167:2009-02-02 at the
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409:Seven Days Battles
167:Millwood, Virginia
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1961:Historic district
748:. March 13, 2009.
630:quarters, privy,
549:Shenandoah Valley
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266:Significant dates
75:Long Branch House
16:(Redirected from
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1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Prince William
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1540:Northumberland
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:King and Queen
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1152:
1151:External links
1149:
1148:
1147:
1137:
1127:
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1102:
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1038:
1022:
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1004:
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658:
626:
623:
603:chrysanthemums
594:
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497:Tuscan columns
472:
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322:Lord Culpepper
309:
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1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
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1829:Manassas Park
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1580:Prince George
1578:
1576:
1575:Prince Edward
1573:
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1450:Isle Of Wight
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1223:
1222:
1220:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1192:
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1166:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Official Site
1155:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:0-8078-4412-8
1142:
1138:
1136:
1135:1-5619-0042-7
1132:
1128:
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1125:0-8478-2861-1
1122:
1118:
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1115:0-1950-0563-5
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1023:
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987:
981:
978:
974:
968:
965:
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950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
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919:
916:
910:
907:
901:
898:
894:
888:
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875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
854:
848:
845:
839:
836:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
808:
805:
799:
796:
792:
786:
783:
777:
774:
761:
755:
752:
747:
743:
742:
737:
731:
728:
721:
719:
716:
713:
706:
704:
702:
698:
693:
685:
678:
676:
673:
671:
667:
666:thoroughbreds
659:
653:
649:
646:
643:
641:
637:
633:
624:
622:
620:
616:
611:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
587:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
542:
537:
535:
528:
526:
522:
520:
515:
513:
512:Greek Revival
509:
505:
500:
498:
494:
493:Ionic columns
490:
486:
482:
479:, two-story,
478:
477:Federal style
470:
464:
460:
456:
454:
448:
440:
436:
434:
429:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
401:
399:
398:Christ Church
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
351:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
332:Robert Carter
329:
327:
323:
319:
318:Northern Neck
315:
307:
305:
303:
298:
294:
290:
281:
277:
273:
271:Added to NRHP
269:
264:
260:
253:
250:
247:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
203:
175:
171:
168:
164:
160:
139:
114:
89:
79:
72:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
45:
38:
34:
19:
1907:Williamsburg
1839:Newport News
1834:Martinsville
1804:Harrisonburg
1779:Falls Church
1680:Westmoreland
1645:Spotsylvania
1595:Rappahannock
1565:Pittsylvania
1470:King William
1325:Chesterfield
1315:Charles City
1089:
1081:
1076:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
972:
971:Hansbrough,
967:
958:
949:
940:
931:
923:
918:
909:
900:
892:
887:
879:
874:
865:
856:
847:
838:
830:
825:
816:
807:
798:
790:
785:
776:
764:. Retrieved
754:
739:
730:
717:
714:
710:
701:emancipation
694:
690:
674:
663:
647:
644:
628:
625:Outbuildings
612:
596:
588:
584:
569:
546:
532:
523:
516:
501:
481:Flemish bond
474:
471:Architecture
457:
449:
445:
425:
402:
392:, and was a
379:
375:
356:
352:
349:
330:
311:
288:
287:
1921:Other lists
1739:Buena Vista
1640:Southampton
1535:Northampton
1510:Mecklenburg
1465:King George
1420:Greensville
1031:Long Branch
670:Clydesdales
543:Agriculture
367:War of 1812
289:Long Branch
197: /
173:Coordinates
1981:Categories
1912:Winchester
1902:Waynesboro
1862:Portsmouth
1854:Petersburg
1749:Chesapeake
1729:Alexandria
1675:Washington
1630:Shenandoah
1615:Rockingham
1610:Rockbridge
1520:Montgomery
1455:James City
1400:Gloucester
1345:Cumberland
1295:Buckingham
1250:Appomattox
882:p. 206-216
722:References
632:smokehouse
615:hellebores
576:Alexandria
428:plantation
1819:Lynchburg
1814:Lexington
1759:Covington
1515:Middlesex
1495:Lunenburg
1475:Lancaster
1405:Goochland
1390:Frederick
1355:Dinwiddie
1350:Dickenson
1320:Charlotte
1285:Brunswick
1280:Botetourt
1255:Arlington
1235:Alleghany
1230:Albemarle
1218:by county
697:Civil War
640:bank barn
565:cash crop
485:belvedere
433:pneumonia
394:vestryman
344:Frederick
255:VLR
226:Architect
185:78°3′21″W
182:39°2′34″N
1887:Staunton
1872:Richmond
1824:Manassas
1809:Hopewell
1784:Franklin
1764:Danville
1665:Tazewell
1650:Stafford
1600:Richmond
1570:Powhatan
1545:Nottoway
1530:New Kent
1445:Highland
1385:Franklin
1380:Fluvanna
1370:Fauquier
1340:Culpeper
1305:Caroline
1300:Campbell
1290:Buchanan
1225:Accomack
1209:Virginia
1165:Archived
1084:, p. 167
975:, p. 479
926:, p. 141
922:Musick,
636:icehouse
489:porticos
386:planters
297:Virginia
293:Millwood
261:021-0095
249:69000232
162:Location
1928:Bridges
1892:Suffolk
1877:Roanoke
1867:Radford
1844:Norfolk
1799:Hampton
1774:Fairfax
1769:Emporia
1734:Bristol
1722:by city
1620:Russell
1605:Roanoke
1590:Pulaski
1560:Patrick
1505:Mathews
1500:Madison
1485:Loudoun
1435:Henrico
1430:Hanover
1425:Halifax
1410:Grayson
1365:Fairfax
1310:Carroll
1270:Bedford
1260:Augusta
1245:Amherst
679:Slavery
607:violets
593:Gardens
538:Grounds
413:typhoid
371:Norfolk
308:History
1849:Norton
1670:Warren
1660:Sussex
1550:Orange
1525:Nelson
1490:Louisa
1415:Greene
1330:Clarke
1240:Amelia
1143:
1133:
1123:
1113:
766:5 June
707:Museum
660:Horses
619:hostas
605:, and
580:Europe
504:loggia
342:, and
340:Warren
336:Clarke
1882:Salem
1794:Galax
1720:Lists
1690:Wythe
1655:Surry
1635:Smyth
1625:Scott
1440:Henry
1395:Giles
1375:Floyd
1360:Essex
1335:Craig
1275:Bland
1216:Lists
599:roses
561:Wheat
218:Built
1695:York
1685:Wise
1555:Page
1265:Bath
1141:ISBN
1131:ISBN
1121:ISBN
1111:ISBN
768:2013
668:and
553:Corn
519:WWII
221:1811
210:Area
1480:Lee
1207:in
557:hay
396:at
257:No.
244:No.
1983::
744:.
738:.
634:,
617:,
601:,
582:.
555:,
499:.
338:,
295:,
1197:e
1190:t
1183:v
770:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.