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Long Branch Plantation

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was the lack of a servant staircase in Burwell's plans. Without a second stair, servants would be unable to go upstairs without using the main staircase and crossing the central hall. The back staircase to the left of the central stair is believed to be a direct result of Latrobe's comments. Overall Latrobe described the Long Branch plans as, "infinitely a better one than almost any other which I have seen adopted in Virginia, and the house would be a good one without any alteration." While Latrobe made comments to the plans Burwell sent them, there is no evidence that Latrobe ever visited the site or directly drew plans for Long Branch.
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her son, Hugh Nelson Jr. bought back the majority of the plantations possessions. In 1869, the courts ordered that the house and farm where auctioned off to pay off the remaining debts. The land was auctioned off in two plats, half of the land in one and 280 acres with the house and old buildings. Adelaide was the only bidder for the lot with the house. Eight months after Adelaide died of
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the kitchen reduced. A stairwell to the basement was removed to make a pantry. Isaac's restoration involved the removal and replacement of existing materials and features. The brick sidewalks, shutters, columns, portico details and features, chimneys, roofing, gutters, exterior brick, and mantels were all replaced with modern reconstructions.
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After his death in 1990, Harry Z. Issacs left Long Branch to a non-profit foundation. The Harry Z. Isaacs foundation has headquarters in Baltimore with a local board of directors. Tyson Gilpin, chaired the board of directors, oversaw the daily operation of the estate and Colette Poisson, as assistant
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In August 1957, Long Branch was sold to Abram and Dorothy Hewitt. At the time of the sale, Long Branch had deteriorated and the Hewitt's worked to repair and renovate the house. They lived at Long Branch, raising their four sons until 1978 when they sold Long Branch to two doctors from California. In
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Around 1790, Robert Cater Burwell established Long Branch Plantation and began farming wheat. During the early years of the plantation, Burwell lived with his sister and brother-in-law just north of Long Branch at Rattlesnake Plantation, currently known as Rosney. In the beginning of the 19th century
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Counties, Virginia. In 1740 the land was split into eight lots and divided into approximately the same size lots. Robert "Robin" Burwell, a grandson to King Carter, received 5,619 acres of the land. Robert "Robin" Burwell left his land to his son Nathaniel and to his grandson Robert Carter Burwell.
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As a large wheat plantation, Long Branch used enslaved workers to tend to the fields as well as the families house and gardens. At the peak of operation, the plantation utilized 20-30 slaves for the planting and harvesting of the crop. In addition to the main farming tasks, slaves also tended to the
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Pictorial records and oral histories indicate that Long Branch had a grouping of outbuildings fairly close to the house. Various owners have built and demolished these outbuildings over the years. Up to the mid-20th century a number of buildings had survived. These include the summer kitchen, slave
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Latrobe commented on Burwell's plans and made a number of criticisms. He noted the location of the dining room and bedroom on the north side of the house. "In the summer you will be plagued in the evening after dinner by the western sun, and in the winter by the N. West wind." The largest criticism
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Harry Z. Isaacs made a number of changes to Long Branch. He added the west wing to balance the exterior of the house and completed a number of extensive reconstructions. Structural issues required the south wall of the east wing to be rebuilt. The east wing dining room was enlarged and the size of
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had decreased in value. In 1860, Long Branch was assessed for $ 103,600 (~$ 2.87 million in 2023). By 1870, it had decreased to the value of $ 45,000 (~$ 956,896 in 2023). In 1867, after much legal battle, the courts had ordered the personal effects of Hugh Sr. be put to auction. Adelaide and
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In 1842, Philip Nelson sold Long Branch to his nephew, Hugh Mortimer Nelson and his wife Anna Maria Adelaide Holker. This was the first time Long Branch changed hands in a financial transaction and the last until 1957. When Hugh M. Nelson and his wife Adelaide moved to Long Branch with their
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built in the early 19th century. Named after the creek that runs through the property, Long Branch was built on approximately 1,000 acres (currently 400 acres) by Robert Carter Burwell in 1811 and was owned by the Burwell-Nelson family until 1957. The property was placed on the
400:. Their position in Millwood's society came with considerable expense. As early as 1850, Nelson started to take out loans against Long Branch. He took out several debts and left many bills unpaid. There is little evidence that Adelaide knew of any financial troubles. 334:, familiarly known as "King Carter" was appointed agent for the sale and lease of unoccupied areas of the Fairfax proprietary. On September 22, 1730, acting as Fairfax's agent, he executed a deed to ten of his sons and grandsons: 50,212 acres of land in what are now 446:
Hugh Nelson Jr. and his wife, Sallie Page Nelson, lived at Long Branch and established a reputation for their hospitality and entertaining. After the death of Hugh Nelson Jr. in 1915, Sallie Page Nelson remained at Long Branch until her death in 1951.
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were grown on the property. The orchard had cherries, plums, and peaches. The kitchen gardens grew a variety of vegetables and herbs. By the 1930s the gardens were lost, however, the Hewitts reintroduced the flower and kitchen gardens to Long Branch.
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Isaacs began an extensive restoration of Long Branch. Shortly after the start of the restoration, Isaacs learned he had terminal cancer. Upon his death, he left the house and 400-acres to a non-profit foundation and opened Long Branch to the public.
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1982, they sold to a Texas businessman and horse breeder. The condition of Long Branch had deteriorated significantly and the mortgage defaulted on. Once again, Long Branch was auctioned on the steps of the Clarke County Courthouse. In 1986,
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Records show that while wheat was the main crop at Long Branch, corn was a secondary crop for the plantation. Letters written by the residents of Long Branch explain their hope for the corn after the wheat crop failed.
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In 1769, Robin Burwell conveyed half of his land to his son Nathaniel, who later sold it in 1771. After Robin Burwell's death, controversy erupted over who owned various portions of the original grant.
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Masson, Kathryn and Brooke, Steven (photographer); Historic House of Virginia: Great Plantation Houses, Mansions, and Country Places; Rizzoli International Publications; New York City, New York; 2006
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Through the 1800s much of Long Branch's land was taken up by the wheat plantation. The main house was supported by a greenhouse (burned down in 1861), orchards, and kitchen gardens. Records show that
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In 1798, after the legal problems had been sorted out, Robert Carter Burwell inherited his grandfather's land of about 1,000 acres lying roughly between Long Branch Creek and Rattlesnake Spring.
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Indoor plumbing was added some time before 1915, with two identical bathrooms on the first and second floors were added to the northwest rooms. Electricity and a modern kitchen were added after
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Horses have been an integral part of the history at Long Branch. Originally horses were used to help plow the fields and pull carriages. Hugh Nelson Jr. was an avid horse breeder, raising
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In 1997, the Sheila Macqueen Gardens were established at Long Branch. The flower gardens are dedicated to the notable British flower arranger, Sheila Macqueen. The gardens feature herbs,
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In 2013, Long Branch underwent an extensive update to the museum. The museum installed new history exhibits and period rooms with an updated self-guided tour and new museum programming.
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Harry Isaacs constructed numerous outbuildings that stand today. The large horse barn, a machinery shed, two garages, and two houses near the north and south entrances of the property.
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Phillips, Edward H., The Lower Shenandoah Valley in the Civil War: The Impact of War Upon the Civilian Population and Civil Institutions (Lynchburg, Va.: H.E. Howard Inc., 1993)
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was a productive and expanding agricultural region. The Valley farmers took advantage of the fertile land and created a booming commercial agricultural industry.
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Vlach, John Michael, Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery (Chapel Hill, N.C,: The University of North Carolina Press, 1993)
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that was enclosed in the Nelson renovation of 1845. They added the woodwork in the parlor and original dining room, which is based on the designs of
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and died on August 6, 1862. Long Branch escaped much damage during the war. Reports of the fields being burned was the extent of any damage done.
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in 1875, Hugh Nelson Jr. bought back the other half of the farm and the entire farm was restored to the family by court decree in 1884.
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Fordney, Christopher R. Long Branch: A Plantation House in Clarke County, Virginia. Millwood, VA: H.Z. Isaacs Foundation, 1995. Print.
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Deed, Robert Carter Burweel's executor to Robert Carter Burwell, Dec. 3, 1798, deed book 25, p. 458, Frederick County Circuit Court
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three-year-old daughter, Nannie, they started a large renovation and expansion of the property. In 1847, Hugh Nelson Jr. was born.
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in the valley. The owners of Long Branch capitalized on this market and maintained a wheat plantation into the mid-19th century.
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Order signed by Hugh Nelson in his capacity as justice of the peace, Burwell Family papers, Virginia Historical Society
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The University Memorial Biographical Sketches of Alumni of the University of Virginia Who Fell in the Confederate War
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woodwork in the nation." Hugh M. Nelson also added the hanging spiral staircase and the columns in the entrance hall.
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and assumed a leading role within Millwood's society. Hugh Nelson took command of the Clarke Cavalry, served as a
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Over the years, Long Branch has raised a variety of livestock, including cow, sheep, horses, pigs, and chickens.
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In 1811, Burwell had planned a large, two-story brick home with an east wing. Burwell consulted with architect,
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Deed, Philip Nelson and wife to Hugh M. Nelson, March 23, 1842, deed book B, p. 221, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Sale account of Hugh M. Nelson's personal property, will book F, p. 1, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Deed, Nannie N. Huidekoper to Abram Hewitt, deed book 52, p. 388, Clarke County Circuit Court
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In 1861, Hugh M. Nelson organized the Clarke Cavalry and reported for duty to fight with the
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Today, Long Branch has an extensive boarding program for the care of retired sport horses.
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After the war, Adelaide discovered the debt and was in danger of losing Long Branch. The
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Long Branch Historic House and Farm hosts many special events and weddings on location.
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flower and kitchen gardens and helped with the maintenance and cleaning of the mansion.
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Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association(PCCHA), Vol. 14, 1956-57, p. 61
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to Isaacs, became the curator. On April 3, 1993, Long Branch was opened to the public.
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survived until 1971 when it burned down. Only the smokehouse and springhouse remain.
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Burwell began to plan his own home, just south of Rosney near Long Branch Creek.
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Hamlin Talbot, Benjamin Henry Latrobe (New York: Oxford University Press, 1955)
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Decree, Henderson vs. Burwell et al., Nov. 20,1788, Virginia Historical Society
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were added in 1845 by Hugh M. and Adelaide Nelson. The south portico boasts
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pattern books and has been called "some of the most beautiful examples of
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Deed, April 28, 1978, deed book 127, 9. 372, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Chappelear, B. Curtis, "Robert Burwell's land on the Shenandoah River,"
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Deed, March 31, 1982, deed book 146, p. 40, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Nelson's Adm'r v. Kownslar's Ex'or & others, University of Virginia
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The residents of Long Branch utilized slave labor until the end of the
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Schlebecker, John T., "Farmers in the Lower Shenandoah Valley, 1850,"
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Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia
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Creditors' accounts, Nelson vs. Arnett, Clarke County Circuit Court
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Broadside advertising Clydesdales at Long Branch Plantation in 1883
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A pool was added by the Hewitts' and later taken out by Isaacs.
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National Register of Historic Places in Clarke County, Virginia
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Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
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Robert Carter land division, Northern neck deed book C, p. 27
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during construction. After the start of construction of the
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The wheat from Long Branch was likely ground at the nearby
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West side of Long Branch plantation before wing was added
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Harry Z. Isaacs purchased Long Branch Plantation in 1986
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Proceedings of the Clarke County Historical Association
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Loth, Calder. Letter to Harry Z. Isaacs. 22 Oct. 1986.
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Clarke County land tax records, Virginia State Library
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Handbill publicizing the public auction of Long Branch
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Picture of Slave Quarters at Long Branch Plantation.
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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Letter, W.L. Bent to Adelaide Nelson, Sept. 21,1861
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Will book 9, p. 263, Frederick County Circuit Court
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Jeffery, eds. 1011:The Winchester Star, Sept. 17, 1986, p. 13 320:of Virginia, to seven followers including 69: 1205:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 935:Censuses of 1861 and 1870, Hadley Library 829:Carter, Edward C., Thomas Jeffrey, eds., 49:U.S. National Register of Historic Places 27:Historic house in Virginia, United States 962:Nelson Adm'r vs. Kownslar's Exec'r, p. 4 820:Long Branch Plantation ledger book, 1796 699:. At least one family was rehired after 547:During the 18th and 19th centuries, the 461: 437: 727: 703:to continue as free labor on the farm. 736:"National Register Information System" 32: 7: 1047:The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe 831:The Papers of Benjamin Henry Latrobe 741:National Register of Historic Places 316:, granted the original tract of the 302:National Register of Historic Places 41:Long Branch Historic House and Farm 2032:Museums in Clarke County, Virginia 2022:Historic house museums in Virginia 25: 1997:Houses in Clarke County, Virginia 1082:Homes and Gardens in Old Virginia 1992:Federal architecture in Virginia 1987:Greek Revival houses in Virginia 1710: 1703: 475:Built in 1811, Long Branch is a 143: 136: 118: 111: 93: 86: 18:Long Branch (Millwood, Virginia) 1093:Census of 1870, Handley Library 380:After moving to Virginia from 256: 243: 1: 2007:Plantation houses in Virginia 878:Johnson, Rev. John Lipscomb, 760:"Virginia Landmarks Register" 563:served as the most prominent 291:is a historic family seat in 165:W of jct. of CR 626 and 624, 152:Show map of the United States 102:Show map of Northern Virginia 1162:Brief History of Long Branch 30:United States historic place 1933:National Historic Landmarks 58:Virginia Landmarks Register 2063: 2042:Burwell family of Virginia 495:and the north portico has 1941: 1701: 242:NRHP reference  80: 68: 64: 55: 46: 39: 35: 578:before being shipped to 411:, Nelson fell sick with 407:. After fighting in the 234:Architectural style 2002:Plantations in Virginia 312:On September 18, 1650, 213:400 acres (160 ha) 1946:Keeper of the Register 1858:Poquoson (no listings) 1080:Christian and Massie, 924:Sixth Virginia Cavalry 893:Sixth Virginia Cavalry 688: 656: 467: 443: 423: 359:Benjamin Henry Latrobe 237:Federal, Greek Revival 1966:Contributing property 1029:Fordney, Christopher 746:National Park Service 686: 654: 465: 441: 421: 314:Charles II of England 194:39.04278°N 78.05583°W 891:Musick, Michael P., 390:justice of the peace 304:on October 1, 1969. 127:Show map of Virginia 572:Burwell-Morgan Mill 487:and front and back 382:Baltimore, Maryland 326:6th Lord of Fairfax 279:Designated VLR 199:39.04278; -78.05583 190: /  1167:2009-02-02 at the 689: 657: 468: 444: 424: 409:Seven Days Battles 167:Millwood, Virginia 1974: 1973: 1961:Historic district 748:. March 13, 2009. 630:quarters, privy, 549:Shenandoah Valley 286: 285: 266:Significant dates 75:Long Branch House 16:(Redirected from 2054: 1754:Colonial Heights 1714: 1707: 1706: 1198: 1191: 1184: 1175: 1094: 1091: 1085: 1078: 1072: 1069: 1063: 1056: 1050: 1043: 1037: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1012: 1009: 1003: 1000: 994: 991: 985: 982: 976: 969: 963: 960: 954: 951: 945: 942: 936: 933: 927: 920: 914: 911: 905: 902: 896: 889: 883: 876: 870: 867: 861: 858: 852: 849: 843: 840: 834: 827: 821: 818: 812: 809: 803: 800: 794: 787: 781: 778: 772: 771: 769: 767: 756: 750: 749: 732: 529:Benjamin Latrobe 508:Minard Lefever's 405:Confederate Army 363:plantation house 282:November 5, 1968 258: 245: 229:Benjamin Latrobe 205: 204: 202: 201: 200: 195: 191: 188: 187: 186: 183: 153: 147: 146: 140: 128: 122: 121: 115: 103: 97: 96: 90: 73: 33: 21: 2062: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2052: 2051: 1977: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1937: 1916: 1744:Charlottesville 1721: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1699: 1217: 1211: 1202: 1169:Wayback Machine 1153: 1103: 1101:Further reading 1098: 1097: 1092: 1088: 1079: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1057: 1053: 1044: 1040: 1028: 1024: 1019: 1015: 1010: 1006: 1001: 997: 992: 988: 983: 979: 970: 966: 961: 957: 952: 948: 943: 939: 934: 930: 921: 917: 912: 908: 903: 899: 890: 886: 877: 873: 868: 864: 859: 855: 850: 846: 841: 837: 828: 824: 819: 815: 810: 806: 801: 797: 788: 784: 779: 775: 765: 763: 758: 757: 753: 734: 733: 729: 724: 709: 681: 662: 627: 595: 545: 540: 531: 473: 453:Harry Z. 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1680:Westmoreland 1645:Spotsylvania 1595:Rappahannock 1565:Pittsylvania 1470:King William 1325:Chesterfield 1315:Charles City 1089: 1081: 1076: 1067: 1059: 1054: 1046: 1041: 1033: 1030: 1025: 1016: 1007: 998: 989: 980: 972: 971:Hansbrough, 967: 958: 949: 940: 931: 923: 918: 909: 900: 892: 887: 879: 874: 865: 856: 847: 838: 830: 825: 816: 807: 798: 790: 785: 776: 764:. Retrieved 754: 739: 730: 717: 714: 710: 701:emancipation 694: 690: 674: 663: 647: 644: 628: 625:Outbuildings 612: 596: 588: 584: 569: 546: 532: 523: 516: 501: 481:Flemish bond 474: 471:Architecture 457: 449: 445: 425: 402: 392:, and was a 379: 375: 356: 352: 349: 330: 311: 288: 287: 1921:Other lists 1739:Buena Vista 1640:Southampton 1535:Northampton 1510:Mecklenburg 1465:King George 1420:Greensville 1031:Long Branch 670:Clydesdales 543:Agriculture 367:War of 1812 289:Long Branch 197: / 173:Coordinates 1981:Categories 1912:Winchester 1902:Waynesboro 1862:Portsmouth 1854:Petersburg 1749:Chesapeake 1729:Alexandria 1675:Washington 1630:Shenandoah 1615:Rockingham 1610:Rockbridge 1520:Montgomery 1455:James City 1400:Gloucester 1345:Cumberland 1295:Buckingham 1250:Appomattox 882:p. 206-216 722:References 632:smokehouse 615:hellebores 576:Alexandria 428:plantation 1819:Lynchburg 1814:Lexington 1759:Covington 1515:Middlesex 1495:Lunenburg 1475:Lancaster 1405:Goochland 1390:Frederick 1355:Dinwiddie 1350:Dickenson 1320:Charlotte 1285:Brunswick 1280:Botetourt 1255:Arlington 1235:Alleghany 1230:Albemarle 1218:by county 697:Civil War 640:bank barn 565:cash crop 485:belvedere 433:pneumonia 394:vestryman 344:Frederick 255:VLR  226:Architect 185:78°3′21″W 182:39°2′34″N 1887:Staunton 1872:Richmond 1824:Manassas 1809:Hopewell 1784:Franklin 1764:Danville 1665:Tazewell 1650:Stafford 1600:Richmond 1570:Powhatan 1545:Nottoway 1530:New Kent 1445:Highland 1385:Franklin 1380:Fluvanna 1370:Fauquier 1340:Culpeper 1305:Caroline 1300:Campbell 1290:Buchanan 1225:Accomack 1209:Virginia 1165:Archived 1084:, p. 167 975:, p. 479 926:, p. 141 922:Musick, 636:icehouse 489:porticos 386:planters 297:Virginia 293:Millwood 261:021-0095 249:69000232 162:Location 1928:Bridges 1892:Suffolk 1877:Roanoke 1867:Radford 1844:Norfolk 1799:Hampton 1774:Fairfax 1769:Emporia 1734:Bristol 1722:by city 1620:Russell 1605:Roanoke 1590:Pulaski 1560:Patrick 1505:Mathews 1500:Madison 1485:Loudoun 1435:Henrico 1430:Hanover 1425:Halifax 1410:Grayson 1365:Fairfax 1310:Carroll 1270:Bedford 1260:Augusta 1245:Amherst 679:Slavery 607:violets 593:Gardens 538:Grounds 413:typhoid 371:Norfolk 308:History 1849:Norton 1670:Warren 1660:Sussex 1550:Orange 1525:Nelson 1490:Louisa 1415:Greene 1330:Clarke 1240:Amelia 1143:  1133:  1123:  1113:  766:5 June 707:Museum 660:Horses 619:hostas 605:, and 580:Europe 504:loggia 342:, and 340:Warren 336:Clarke 1882:Salem 1794:Galax 1720:Lists 1690:Wythe 1655:Surry 1635:Smyth 1625:Scott 1440:Henry 1395:Giles 1375:Floyd 1360:Essex 1335:Craig 1275:Bland 1216:Lists 599:roses 561:Wheat 218:Built 1695:York 1685:Wise 1555:Page 1265:Bath 1141:ISBN 1131:ISBN 1121:ISBN 1111:ISBN 768:2013 668:and 553:Corn 519:WWII 221:1811 210:Area 1480:Lee 1207:in 557:hay 396:at 257:No. 244:No. 1983:: 744:. 738:. 634:, 617:, 601:, 582:. 555:, 499:. 338:, 295:, 1197:e 1190:t 1183:v 770:. 20:)

Index

Long Branch (Millwood, Virginia)
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Virginia Landmarks Register

Long Branch Plantation is located in Northern Virginia
Long Branch Plantation is located in Virginia
Long Branch Plantation is located in the United States
Millwood, Virginia
39°2′34″N 78°3′21″W / 39.04278°N 78.05583°W / 39.04278; -78.05583
69000232
Millwood
Virginia
National Register of Historic Places
Charles II of England
Northern Neck
Lord Culpepper
6th Lord of Fairfax
Robert Carter
Clarke
Warren
Frederick
Benjamin Henry Latrobe
plantation house
War of 1812
Norfolk
Baltimore, Maryland
planters
justice of the peace
vestryman
Christ Church

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