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log platforms for the guns, and sawed up the great flag-staffs into quilting poles or bedstead posts... The strolls out to these old forts are seedily picturesque. Freedmen, who exist by selling old horse-shoes and iron spikes, live with their squatter families where, of old, the army sutler kept the canteen; but the grass is drawing its parallels nearer and nearer the magazines. Some old clothes, a good deal of dirt, and forgotten graves, make now the local features of war."
497:, which was built several miles to the southwest of Fort Jackson, atop the heights of Arlington, the maintenance of Forts Jackson and Runyon was neglected. The two forts had largely been made redundant by the newer, stronger works atop the hills, and it was believed that neither played a crucial role any longer in the defenses of Washington. Fort Jackson was kept in service only as an inspection station for traffic crossing Long Bridge.
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By the turn of the century, the site of Fort
Jackson had become the footings for a new railroad bridge, constructed in 1903. Three years later, a road bridge was constructed just to the west. A brickworks was also located nearby, sometimes utilizing the clay that formed the bastions of Fort Runyon as
537:
The defense of the bridge is very imperfect, owing to the dilapidation and decay of Fort
Jackson. The railroad cuts through the parapet and there are no gates except at turnpike entrance. The railroad crosses the ditch of the fort on a bridge which is not floored, but an enemy could soon cover it so
289:
in
Virginia closest to Washington, D.C., was a predominantly rural area. Part of the original ten-mile-square District of Columbia, the land now comprising the county was retroceded to Virginia in a July 9, 1846, act of Congress that took effect in 1847. Most of the county is hilly, and at the time,
592:
All the forts around or overlooking the city are dismantled, the guns taken out of them, the land resigned to its owners. Needy negro squatters, living around the forts, have built themselves shanties of the officers' quarters, pulled out the abatis for firewood, made cord wood or joists out of the
609:
as one possible site for an
Arlington County boathouse. Just south of the federal George Washington Memorial Parkway, between the CSX tracks and I-395, is Arlington County's Long Bridge Park. The northern end of the park, not yet developed for recreational use, may include part of the site of Fort
587:
The lumber used in the construction of Fort
Jackson was either sold for salvage or scavenged by squatters, most of whom were freed slaves traveling north in a search for new lives following the ending of slavery in the United States. Many settled in the area of the former Fort Runyon, and it seems
268:
in 1865, Fort
Jackson was abandoned. The lumber used in its construction was promptly salvaged for firewood and construction materials and, due to its proximity to the Long Bridge, the earthworks were flattened in order to provide easier access to Long Bridge. In the early 20th century, the fort's
468:
Owing to its large physical size and extensive armament, Fort Runyon was intended to be the primary fort defending the Long Bridge. Fort
Jackson, located at the southern end of the bridge, received four cannon and was intended as a guard post for soldiers inspecting civilian traffic crossing the
329:
declared that "an insurrection existed", and called for 75,000 troops to be called up to quash the rebellion. The move sparked resentment in many other southern states, which promptly moved to convene discussions of secession. The
Virginia State Convention passed "an ordinance of secession" and
393:
The troops quartered at
Georgetown, the Sixty-ninth, Fifth, Eighth and Twenty-eighth New York regiments, proceeded across what is known as the chain bridge, above the mouth of the Potomac Aqueduct, under the command of General McDowell. They took possession of the heights in that direction.
444:
Over 13,000 men marched into northern
Virginia on May 25, bringing with them "a long train of wagons filled with wheelbarrows, shovels, &c." These implements were put to work even as thousands of men marched further into Virginia. Engineer officers under the command of then-Colonel
362:
On May 23, 1861, Virginia voted by a margin of 3 to 1 in favor of leaving the Union. That night, U.S. Army troops began crossing the bridges linking Washington, D.C. to Virginia. The march, which began at 10 p.m. on the night of the 23rd, was described in colorful terms by the
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and kept in a reserve state (second-class), and those that should be abandoned entirely (third-class). Due to its rear-area nature and the fact that inspections were no longer needed to protect the Long Bridge against sabotage, Fort Jackson fell into the third-class category.
397:
The imposing scene was at the Long Bridge, where the main body of the troops crossed. Eight thousand infantry, two regular cavalry companies and two sections of Sherman's artillery battalion, consisting of two batteries, were in line this side of the Long Bridge at two
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In order to provide space for the railroad tracks, the gates of Fort Jackson had to be removed. These were eventually replaced, but the wide opening needed for the tracks proved to have a detrimental effect on the fort's defensive ability. An 1864 report by Lt. Col.
385:
About ten o'clock last night four companies of picked men moved over the Long Bridge, as an advance guard. They were sent to reconnoitre, and if assailed were ordered to signal, when they would have been reinforced by a corps of regular infantry and a battery....
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There can be no more complaints of inactivity of the government. The forward march movement into Virginia, indicated in my despatches last night, took place at the precise time this morning that I named, but in much more imposing and powerful numbers.
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At twelve o'clock the infantry regiment, artillery and cavalry corps began to muster and assume marching order. As fast as the several regiments were ready they proceeded to the Long Bridge, those in Washington being directed to take that route.
489:
was assigned to garrison Fort Jackson. On August 31, the 21st New York was ordered to Fort Cass, Virginia, and was later involved in the Second Battle of Bull Run. No information exists on the unit that replaced it in garrisoning Fort Jackson.
240:
in May 1861. The fort was initially armed with four cannon used to protect the bridge, but these were removed after the completion of the Arlington Line, a line of defenses built to the south. After 1862, the fort lacked weapons except for
235:
during the war. Fort Jackson was named for Jackson City, a seedy suburb of Washington that had been established on the south side of the Long Bridge in 1835. It was built in the days immediately following the Union Army's occupation of
269:
site was used for the footings and approaches to several bridges connecting Virginia and Washington. Today, no trace of the fort remains, though the site of the fort is contained within Arlington County's Long Bridge Park, and a
306:. The county was connected to nearby Washington via the Long Bridge, which spanned the Potomac River. On the river flats of the Virginia side of the river was Jackson City, a seedy entertainment district named after President
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Jackson. A National Park Service study commissioned during the ongoing review of potential boathouse sites included an observation that historical artifacts from Fort Jackson may still be present at the site.
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To fix the problems at Fort Jackson, Alexander recommended the addition of an artillery section, a second company of infantry, and various improvements to the fort itself. Spurred in part by the Confederate
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in order to defend the bridges that crossed it. By sunrise on the morning of the 24th, ground had already been broken on the first two forts comprising the Civil War defenses of Washington —
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bridge and to detour any Confederate saboteurs that might attempt to destroy the bridge. To man the fort's four guns, 60 artillerymen were assigned, bringing the total garrison to 200 men.
461:. Within a week, other, smaller forts had sprung up as supporting works. Fort Jackson, built to the northeast of Fort Runyon about fifty yards south of the intersection of the present-day
1155:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Published under the direction of the Secretary of War. Series 1 (Military Operations)
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294:, at the far southeastern corner of the county. In 1861, the rest of the county largely consisted of scattered farms, the occasional house, fields for grazing livestock, and
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579:, then-chief engineer of the Washington defenses, were to divide the defenses into three classes: those that should be kept active (first-class), those that should be
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mounting artillery on the hills of Arlington and shelling government buildings in Washington. He also urged the erection of fortifications on the Virginia side of the
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343:, commander of the Department of Washington, argued that Northern Virginia should be occupied as soon as possible in order to prevent the possibility of the
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raw material for the bricks that would later go into the walls of Washington homes. These projects obliterated what little trace there was of Fort Jackson.
513:, the bridge would be used until the turn of the century before being replaced. Owing to the weight of the railroad and the weak strength of the bridge, no
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north of Washington, several improvements were made, including the restoration of gates that had been removed when the railroad line was constructed. Gen.
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were allowed on the bridge. Prior to crossing the Potomac, the train would detach its locomotive and be pulled across the bridge by a team of horses.
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Washington, Outside and Inside. A Picture and A Narrative of the Origin, Growth, Excellences, Abuses, Beauties, and Personages of Our Governing City
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flying above it, he was shot and killed by James Jackson, the proprietor. Ellsworth was one of the first men killed in the American Civil War.
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responded by creating the Department of Washington, which united all Union troops in the District of Columbia and Maryland under one command.
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551:, commander of the Department of Washington, recommended that Fort Jackson be assigned two light guns as armament during the reconstruction.
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is the roadway to the south of the site of Fort Jackson, which is shaded in red. The CSX railroad bridge runs directly through the site.
257:. The garrison consisted of a single company of Union soldiers who inspected traffic crossing the bridge and guarded it from potential
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774:
Cooling III, Benjamin Franklin; Owen II, Walton H. (2010). "Touring the Forts South of the Potomac: Fort Runyan and Fort Jackson".
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on April 9, 1865, the primary reason for manned defenses protecting Washington ceased to exist. Initial recommendations by Colonel
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railroad bridge runs through the site of Fort Jackson, and the Potomac shoreline just south of the bridge is being studied by the
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In 1863, a new railroad bridge was constructed adjacent to the Long Bridge as part of a plan to strengthen the logistics of the
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Union soldiers cross the Long Bridge during the occupation of northern Virginia following that state's secession from the Union.
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678:"Long Bridge Park," Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Resources. Arlington, Virginia. Accessed June 13, 2008.
359:. His superiors approved these recommendations, but decided to wait until after Virginia voted for or against secession.
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533:, chief engineer of the defenses of Washington, described the way Fort Jackson had been allowed to fall into disrepair:
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as to make it passable. Cavalry could also ride around to the lower side of the fort and come in on the bridge.
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The occupation of Northern Virginia was peaceful, with the exception of the town of Alexandria. There, as
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New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center. October 20, 2006. Accessed June 18, 2008.
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New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center. October 20, 2006. Accessed June 18, 2008.
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V.P. Corbett, Washington, D.C., 1861. U.S. Library of Congress, LC Civil War Maps (2nd ed.), page 522.
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736:. "THE INSURRECTION. ADVANCE OF THE FEDERAL TROOPS INTO VIRGINIA," Washington, D.C., May 24, 1861.
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2004 survey of the site indicated some archaeological remnants may still remain beneath the park.
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ordered a May 23 referendum to decide whether or not the state should secede from the Union. The
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accompanied the army and began building fortifications and entrenchments along the banks of the
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Portion of an 1865 map showing the location of Fort Jackson. To the northeast is the
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Union soldiers at Fort Jackson made regular searches of wagons crossing Long Bridge.
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likely that the lumber of Fort Jackson would have been a ready source of firewood.
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The Long Bridge and two of its guards, as seen from the Washington side of the
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Scott M. Kozel, Roadstothefuture.com. June 20, 2004. Accessed June 19, 2008.
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Pete Payette and Phil Payette. November 17, 2007. Accessed June 19, 2008.
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and the Virginia shore and armed with four cannon, was one of these.
1053:
Symbol, Sword, and Shield: Defending Washington During the Civil War
1018:(PDF) U.S. National Park Service. June 2004. Accessed June 19, 2008.
777:
Mr. Lincoln's Forts: A Guide to the Civil War Defenses of Washington
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U.S. National Park Service, March 27, 2002. Accessed June 18, 2008.
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Norfolk Southern Railway History, "Orange and Alexandria Railroad"
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most of the county's population was concentrated in the city of
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and home to several racetracks, gambling halls, and saloons.
253:. Two cannon were restored to the fort in 1864 following the
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Arlington (Va.) Historical Society. Accessed June 18, 2008.
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Arlington (Va.) Historical Society. Accessed June 18, 2008.
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Piedmont Railroaders, Spring 2002. Accessed June 19, 2008.
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Sketch of the seat of war in Alexandria & Fairfax Cos.
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A map of the site of Fort Jackson as it exists today. The
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as it operated in northern Virginia. An extension of the
978:. Hartford, CT; James Betts & Co., 1873. p. 640-641.
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Buildings and structures in Arlington County, Virginia
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County of Arlington, Virginia. Accessed June 19, 2008.
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Some Old Historic Landmarks of Virginia and Maryland
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and served as a vital transportation artery for the
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571:After the surrender of General Robert E. Lee's
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1105:The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac 1861-1865
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859:History of the 21st New York State Volunteers
780:(New ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 92.
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8:
1181:Official Records of the War of the Rebellion
949:, Volume 37 (Part 2), Chapter 49, Page 495.
1816:Military installations established in 1861
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936:, Volume 37 (Part 2), Chapter 49, Page 85.
351:to protect the southern terminuses of the
36:
962:, Volume 46 (Serial 97), Part 3, p. 1130.
749:, Volume 11, (Winter 1961-62), pp. 33-34.
415:11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment
1159:United States Government Printing Office
913:
911:
285:(renamed Arlington County in 1920), the
1050:Cooling, Benjamin Franklin III (1991).
1016:National Park Service boathouse project
626:Alexandria County, District of Columbia
618:
417:), entered a local hotel to remove the
1826:Civil War defenses of Washington, D.C.
1811:Government buildings completed in 1861
918:List of Virginia Forts, "Fort Jackson"
827:Military-use Structures, "Fort Runyon"
281:Before the outbreak of the Civil War,
215:that defended the southern end of the
47:Civil War defenses of Washington, D.C.
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729:
727:
264:Following the final surrender of the
7:
669:The Heritage behind Long Bridge Park
1003:G.H. Ramey & Son, 1902. Page 7.
485:On July 14, 1861, Company E of the
1846:1865 disestablishments in Virginia
1102:Long, E.B.; Long, Barbara (1971).
565:George Washington Memorial Parkway
25:
1060:: White Mane Publishing Company.
409:, commander of the New York Fire
871:21st Infantry Regiment "History"
493:Following the completion of the
487:21st New York Volunteer Infantry
62:
1841:1861 establishments in Virginia
1259:Military District of Washington
849:, Volume 5, Chapter 14, p. 628.
325:, on April 14, 1861, President
1249:Department of Washington, D.C.
511:Orange and Alexandria Railroad
1:
1264:Department of the Rappahanock
1114:Doubleday & Company, Inc.
645:Evacuation of Arlington House
266:Confederate States of America
32:Fort Jackson (disambiguation)
1269:Defenses of Washington, D.C.
163:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
1783:National Park Service (Web)
886:. iUniverse, 2002. Page 27.
313:Following the surrender of
27:Historical fort in Virginia
1862:
1058:Shippensburg, Pennsylvania
549:Christopher Columbus Augur
245:and consisted of a wooden
29:
1778:
1254:Department of the Potomac
1148:– via Google Books.
573:Army of Northern Virginia
425:Planning and construction
61:
52:
44:
1274:Department of Washington
1153:Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
1056:(2nd revised ed.).
999:Snowden, William Henry.
974:George Alfred Townsend,
1788:Map of defenses in 1865
501:Railroad and rebuilding
277:Occupation of Arlington
1541:Battery Alexander (MD)
1244:Department of the East
595:
568:
545:attack on Fort Stevens
540:
482:
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255:Battle of Fort Stevens
223:Long Bridge connected
211:-era fortification in
1110:Garden City, New York
607:National Park Service
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271:National Park Service
99:38.87111°N 77.04083°W
1586:Battery Martin Scott
1327:Battery Rodgers (VA)
1317:Fort Washington (MD)
30:For other uses, see
1566:Fort Mansfield (MD)
1561:Battery Bailey (MD)
1556:Battery Benson (MD)
1293:Army of the Potomac
882:Williams, Duane J.
577:Barton S. Alexander
523:Barton S. Alexander
507:Army of the Potomac
355:, Long Bridge, and
104:38.87111; -77.04083
95: /
55:Arlington, Virginia
1655:Northeast Quadrant
1519:Northwest Quadrant
1223:American Civil War
1157:. Washington, DC:
1033:2008-10-03 at the
988:14th Street Bridge
901:2016-11-11 at the
832:2007-09-27 at the
747:Virginia Cavalcade
674:2007-11-28 at the
631:2008-05-11 at the
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531:John Gross Barnard
483:
463:14th Street Bridge
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407:Elmer E. Ellsworth
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209:American Civil War
197:American Civil War
128:Controlled by
1836:Northern Virginia
1831:Forts in Virginia
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1795:
1631:Battery Kingsbury
1546:Fort Simmons (MD)
884:Civil War Diaries
787:978-0-8108-6307-1
338:Brigadier General
283:Alexandria County
238:Northern Virginia
229:Northern Virginia
202:
201:
16:(Redirected from
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1677:Fort Bunker Hill
1536:Fort Sumner (MD)
1460:Battery Garesche
1400:Fort Tillinghast
1355:Fort C. F. Smith
1350:Fort Ethan Allen
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221:Washington, D.C.
123:Site information
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304:Robert E. Lee
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159:Built by
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70:Potomac River
65:
60:
56:
51:
48:
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38:
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19:
1798:
1765:Fort Carroll
1755:Fort Stanton
1720:Fort Chaplin
1692:Fort Lincoln
1672:Fort Slemmer
1646:Fort Stevens
1641:Battery Sill
1636:Fort DeRussy
1510:Fort Willard
1445:Fort Barnard
1430:Fort Jackson
1429:
1410:Fort Buffalo
1395:Fort Whipple
1360:Fort Bennett
1154:
1142:. Retrieved
1104:
1095:Google Books
1093:– via
1087:. Retrieved
1052:
1023:
1000:
995:
983:
975:
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946:
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822:
814:Google Books
812:– via
807:. Retrieved
776:
769:
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694:
683:
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555:Post-war use
541:
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527:aide de camp
519:
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384:
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364:
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353:Chain Bridge
336:
312:
280:
263:
205:Fort Jackson
204:
203:
193:Battles/wars
146:Site history
45:Part of the
40:Fort Jackson
1770:Fort Greble
1760:Fort Snyder
1745:Fort Wagner
1730:Fort Dupont
1687:Fort Thayer
1667:Fort Totten
1662:Fort Slocum
1616:Fort Kearny
1601:Fort Gaines
1596:Fort Bayard
1435:Fort Runyon
1425:Fort Albany
1415:Fort Ramsay
1380:Fort Morton
1365:Fort Strong
1237:Departments
709:Long, p. 67
515:locomotives
473:Wartime use
455:Fort Runyon
435:Long Bridge
315:Fort Sumter
300:Mary Custis
298:, owned by
217:Long Bridge
169:In use
118:Timber fort
102: /
78:Coordinates
1805:Categories
1740:Fort Baker
1735:Fort Davis
1725:Fort Meigs
1715:Fort Mahan
1475:Fort Worth
1455:Fort Scott
1450:Fort Berry
1420:Fort Craig
1345:Fort Marcy
1310:Approaches
1298:XXII Corps
1284:Union Army
1067:0942597249
1044:References
809:2018-03-07
796:2009018392
581:mothballed
319:Charleston
302:, wife of
292:Alexandria
251:earthworks
249:backed by
243:small arms
233:Union Army
185:Demolished
141:Dismantled
132:Union Army
90:77°02′27″W
87:38°52′16″N
1606:Fort Reno
1500:Fort Weed
1490:Fort Lyon
1470:Fort Ward
1390:Fort Cass
1175:224137463
1139:650017632
804:665840182
601:Today, a
332:U.S. Army
259:saboteurs
177:Materials
172:1861-1865
138:Condition
1226:Defenses
1167:03003452
1144:March 7,
1131:73163653
1089:March 7,
1084:24107616
1076:91026949
1031:Archived
899:Archived
830:Archived
764:, p. 37.
672:Archived
629:Archived
529:to Gen.
398:o'clock.
247:palisade
213:Virginia
1308:Potomac
958:Scott,
945:Scott,
932:Scott,
845:Scott,
411:Zouaves
404:Colonel
219:, near
207:was an
1286:Forces
1179:(See:
1173:
1165:
1137:
1129:
1119:
1082:
1074:
1064:
960:et al.
947:et al.
934:et al.
847:et al.
802:
794:
784:
525:, the
287:county
614:Notes
151:Built
1171:OCLC
1163:LCCN
1146:2018
1135:OCLC
1127:LCCN
1117:ISBN
1091:2018
1080:OCLC
1072:LCCN
1062:ISBN
800:OCLC
792:LCCN
782:ISBN
457:and
437:and
188:1865
154:1861
115:Type
1228:of
317:in
227:to
1807::
1169:.
1161:.
1133:.
1125:.
1112::
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1078:.
1070:.
1008:^
967:^
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790:.
754:^
726:^
321:,
261:.
1215:e
1208:t
1201:v
1183:)
1177:.
1097:.
816:.
413:(
72:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
