LTE (telecommunication) - Knowledge (XXG)

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data through time. The ratio between uploads and downloads on a LTE-TDD network can be changed dynamically, depending on whether more data needs to be sent or received. LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD also operate on different frequency bands, with LTE-TDD working better at higher frequencies, and LTE-FDD working better at lower frequencies. Frequencies used for LTE-TDD range from 1850 MHz to 3800 MHz, with several different bands being used. The LTE-TDD spectrum is generally cheaper to access, and has less traffic. Further, the bands for LTE-TDD overlap with those used for

1796: 6503: 1282: 1259: 1236: 1717:. In the lower frequency bands to be used in rural areas, 5 km (3.1 miles) is the optimal cell size, 30 km (19 miles) having reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance. In the city and urban areas, higher frequency bands (such as 2.6 GHz in EU) are used to support high-speed mobile broadband. In this case, cell sizes may be 1 km (0.62 miles) or even less. 352: 1144: 7913: 1213: 360: 1305: 7923: 1190: 376: 7902: 6492: 328: 1328: 1351: 1167: 7933: 336: 390:(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) for the wireless data communications technology and a development of the GSM/UMTS standards. However, other nations and companies do play an active role in the LTE project. The goal of LTE was to increase the capacity and speed of wireless data networks using new 1901:

While the industry has standardized on VoLTE, early LTE deployments required carriers to introduce circuit-switched fallback as a stopgap measure. When placing or receiving a voice call on a non-VoLTE-enabled network or device, LTE handsets will fall back to old 2G or 3G networks for the duration of

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There are two major differences between LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD: how data is uploaded and downloaded, and what frequency spectra the networks are deployed in. While LTE-FDD uses paired frequencies to upload and download data, LTE-TDD uses a single frequency, alternating between uploading and downloading

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covering the LTE standard. The ETSI has made no investigation on the correctness of the declarations however, so that "any analysis of essential LTE patents should take into account more than ETSI declarations." Independent studies have found that about 3.3 to 5 percent of all revenues from handset

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In this approach, the handset works simultaneously in the LTE and circuit switched modes, with the LTE mode providing data services and the circuit switched mode providing the voice service. This is a solution solely based on the handset, which does not have special requirements on the network and

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Although initially seen as a technology utilized by only a few countries, including China and India, by 2011 international interest in LTE-TDD had expanded, especially in Asia, in part due to LTE-TDD's lower cost of deployment compared to LTE-FDD. By the middle of that year, 26 networks around the

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Despite the differences in how the two types of LTE handle data transmission, LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD share 90 percent of their core technology, making it possible for the same chipsets and networks to use both versions of LTE. A number of companies produce dual-mode chips or mobile devices, including

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showed an indoor LTE network at "Sviaz-Expocomm 2010" in Moscow, Russia. MTS expects to start a trial LTE service in Moscow by the beginning of 2011. Earlier, MTS has received a license to build an LTE network in Uzbekistan, and intends to commence a test LTE network in Ukraine in partnership with

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on December 14, 2009, as a data connection with a USB modem. The LTE services were launched by major North American carriers as well, with the Samsung SCH-r900 being the world's first LTE Mobile phone starting on September 21, 2010, and Samsung Galaxy Indulge being the world's first LTE smartphone

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As of March 2013, 156 commercial 4G LTE networks existed, including 142 LTE-FDD networks and 14 LTE-TDD networks. As of November 2013, the South Korean government planned to allow a fourth wireless carrier in 2014, which would provide LTE-TDD services, and in December 2013, LTE-TDD licenses were

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has teamed up with Verizon Wireless for a test of high-speed LTE wireless technology in a few homes in Pennsylvania, designed to deliver an integrated Internet and TV bundle. Verizon Wireless said it launched LTE wireless services (for data, no voice) in 38 markets where more than 110 million

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was the first to launch LTE network on July 7, 2011, offering the Sierra Wireless AirCard 313U USB mobile broadband modem, known as the "LTE Rocket stick" then followed closely by mobile devices from both HTC and Samsung. Initially, CDMA operators planned to upgrade to rival standards called

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had worked to deploy trial or commercial LTE-TDD networks for 33 operators in 19 countries. In late 2012, Qualcomm worked extensively to deploy a commercial LTE-TDD network in India, and partnered with Bharti Airtel and Huawei to develop the first multi-mode LTE-TDD smartphone for India.

1898:) promises much more flexible services, albeit at the cost of having to upgrade the entire voice call infrastructure. VoLTE may require Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) in order to be able to smoothly perform a handover to a 2G or 3G network in case of poor LTE signal quality. 1894:(Generic Access Network, also known as UMA or Unlicensed Mobile Access), which defines the protocols through which a mobile handset can perform voice calls over a customer's private Internet connection, usually over wireless LAN. VoLGA however never gained much support, because VoLTE ( 309:, and LTE bring to the original 3G technologies, ITU-R later decided that LTE and the aforementioned technologies can be called 4G technologies. The LTE Advanced standard formally satisfies the ITU-R requirements for being considered IMT-Advanced. To differentiate LTE Advanced and 5306:

E. Dahlman, H. Ekström, A. Furuskär, Y. Jading, J. Karlsson, M. Lundevall, and S. Parkvall, "The 3G Long-Term Evolution – Radio Interface Concepts and Performance Evaluation", IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2006 Spring, Melbourne, Australia, May

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calls on China Mobile's TD-LTE network. The next month, Nokia Solutions and Networks and Sprint announced that they had demonstrated throughput speeds of 2.6 gigabits per second using a LTE-TDD network, surpassing the previous record of 1.6 gigabits per second.

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Central America, South America and the Caribbean – 600, 700, 800, 850, 900, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2600, 3500, 5000 MHz (bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20, 25, 26, 28, 29, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48, 66,

1632:(with 4×4 antennas using 20 MHz of spectrum). Five different terminal classes have been defined from a voice-centric class up to a high-end terminal that supports the peak data rates. All terminals will be able to process 20 MHz bandwidth. 1936:

up to 7 kHz, Full-HD Voice supports the entire bandwidth range from 20 Hz to 20 kHz. For end-to-end Full-HD Voice calls to succeed, however, both the caller and recipient's handsets, as well as networks, have to support the feature.

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Trial Initiative (LSTI) alliance was founded as a global collaboration between vendors and operators with the goal of verifying and promoting the new standard in order to ensure the global introduction of the technology as quickly as possible.

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announced that Ottawa, Canada's national capital, will be the site of LTE trials. Rogers said it will expand on this testing and move to a comprehensive technical trial of LTE on both low- and high-band frequencies across the Ottawa

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launched their LTE service initial in metropolitan areas include Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area, Kitchener, Waterloo, Hamilton, Guelph, Belleville, Ottawa, Montreal, Québec City, Halifax and

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has no option for other than 5 MHz slices, leading to some problems rolling-out in countries where 5 MHz is a commonly allocated width of spectrum so would frequently already be in use with legacy standards such as

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also participated, developing the world's first multi-mode chip, combining both LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD, along with HSPA and EV-DO. Accelleran, a Belgian company, has also worked to build small cells for LTE-TDD networks.

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In this approach, LTE just provides data services, and when a voice call is to be initiated or received, it will fall back to the circuit-switched domain. When using this solution, operators just need to upgrade the

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demonstrated how LTE can accelerate the delivery of personal media experience with HD video demo streaming, HD video blogging, Online gaming and VoIP over LTE running a RAN standard compliant LTE network & LTE

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Most major backers of LTE preferred and promoted VoLTE from the beginning. The lack of software support in initial LTE devices, as well as core network devices, however led to a number of carriers promoting

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Gautam Siwach, Amir Esmailpour, "LTE Security Potential Vulnerability and Algorithm Enhancements", IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (IEEE CCECE), Toronto, Canada, May 2014

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standards. It improves on those standards' capacity and speed by using a different radio interface and core network improvements. LTE is the upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and

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North America – 600, 700, 850, 1700, 1900, 2300, 2500, 2600, 3500, 5000 MHz (bands 2, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13, 14, 17, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 48, 66, 71)

2375: 3151: 2402: 901:(in Stockholm). TeliaSonera plans to roll out nationwide LTE across Sweden, Norway and Finland. TeliaSonera used spectral bandwidth of 10 MHz (out of the maximum 20 MHz), and 4386: 1750:). Users can start a call or transfer of data in an area using an LTE standard, and, should coverage be unavailable, continue the operation without any action on their part using GSM/ 1928:(Advanced Audio Coding – Enhanced Low Delay) codec for LTE handsets. Where previous cell phone voice codecs only supported frequencies up to 3.5 kHz and upcoming 3645: 1028:

selected six countries to field-test LTE in the succeeding months: Spain, the United Kingdom, Germany and the Czech Republic in Europe, and Brazil and Argentina in Latin America.

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Asia – 450, 700, 800, 850, 900, 1500, 1800, 1900, 2100, 2300, 2500, 2600, 3500 MHz (bands 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11, 18, 19, 20, 21, 26, 28, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42)

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In April 2008, Motorola demonstrated the first EV-DO to LTE hand-off – handing over a streaming video from LTE to a commercial EV-DO network and back to LTE.

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Improved support for mobility, exemplified by support for terminals moving at up to 350 km/h (220 mph) or 500 km/h (310 mph) depending on the frequency

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manufacturers are spent on standard-essential patents. This is less than the combined published rates, due to reduced-rate licensing agreements, such as cross-licensing.

6098: 1535:. In September 2011, Huawei announced it would partner with Polish mobile provider Aero2 to develop a combined LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD network in Poland, and by April 2012, 4640: 1018:

Most carriers supporting GSM or HSUPA networks can be expected to upgrade their networks to LTE at some stage. A complete list of commercial contracts can be found at:

394:(digital signal processing) techniques and modulations that were developed around the turn of the millennium. A further goal was the redesign and simplification of the 4915: 4729: 3783: 3229: 3207: 2504: 368: 1984: 2530: 4971: 1072:

On May 6, 2011, Sri Lanka Telecom Mobitel successfully demonstrated 4G LTE for the first time in South Asia, achieving a data rate of 96 Mbit/s in Sri Lanka.

193: 5500: 619:) showed in collaboration with Nomor Research the first live emulation of an LTE network to the media and investors. As live applications two users streaming an 6346: 1653: 2996:"Infineon Introduces Two New RF-Chips for LTE and 3G – SMARTi LU for Highest Data Rates with LTE and SMARTi UEmicro for Lowest Cost 3G Devices" 2255: 1566:

In the U.S., Clearwire planned to implement LTE-TDD, with chip-maker Qualcomm agreeing to support Clearwire's frequencies on its multi-mode LTE chipsets. With

1511:, achieving 80 megabit-per second download speeds and 20 megabit-per-second upload speeds. By 2011, China Mobile began trials of the technology in six cities. 1612:

mobile communications technology. A large amount of the work is aimed at simplifying the architecture of the system, as it transitions from the existing UMTS

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Europe – 450, 700, 800, 900, 1500, 1800, 2100, 2300, 2600, 3500, 3700 MHz (bands 1, 3, 7, 8, 20, 22, 28, 31, 32, 38, 40, 42, 43)

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world were conducting trials of the technology. The Global LTE-TDD Initiative (GTI) was also started in 2011, with founding partners China Mobile,

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H. Ekström, A. Furuskär, J. Karlsson, M. Meyer, S. Parkvall, J. Torsner, and M. Wahlqvist, "Technical Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution",

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As a result, phones from one country may not work in other countries. Users will need a multi-band capable phone for roaming internationally.

698:) demonstrated the world's first end-to-end LTE call on handheld Ericsson demonstrated LTE FDD and TDD mode on the same base station platform. 7874: 7864: 7844: 7646: 6807: 5875: 5494: 5477: 5439: 5423: 5409: 5395: 5366: 5349: 5333: 5319: 5294: 4099: 3178:"Vivo Z1 pro Mobile – 4G/LTE – Ericsson, Samsung Make LTE Connection – Telecom News Analysis" 2229: 2010: 1739: 1689:

Increased spectrum flexibility: 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz wide cells are standardized. (

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Oceania (incl. Australia and New Zealand) – 700, 850, 900, 1800, 2100, 2300, 2600 MHz (bands 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 28, 40)

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presented the world's first RF transceiver named SMARTi LTE supporting LTE functionality in a single-chip RF silicon processed in CMOS

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provided LTE drive tour on the streets of Barcelona to demonstrate LTE system performance in a real-life metropolitan RF environment

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reported that there were now 717 operators with commercially launched LTE networks (broadband fixed wireless access and or mobile).

2949:"Motorola Media Center – – Motorola Demonstrates Industry First Over-the-Air LTE Session in 700 MHz Spectrum" 8214: 7520: 7068: 6870: 6042: 5625: 5575: 2021: 1118:

The following is a list of top 10 countries/territories by 4G LTE coverage as measured by OpenSignal.com in February/March 2019.

538:. LTE has the ability to manage fast-moving mobiles and supports multi-cast and broadcast streams. LTE supports scalable carrier 306: 124: 3703: 1811:, so with the adoption of LTE, carriers will have to re-engineer their voice call network. Four different approaches sprang up: 7631: 6431: 6035: 5605: 5524: 4278: 3942: 3721: 2681: 2107: 841: 4945: 3100:"News Releases: Nortel and LG Electronics Complete World's First 3GPP Compliant Active Handover Between CDMA and LTE Networks" 2743: 7626: 7177: 6610: 6377: 5463: 4650: 4584: 902: 4928: 4739: 1951:

The LTE standard covers a range of many different bands, each of which is designated by both a frequency and a band number:

595: 4836: 2801:"Ericsson to make World-first demonstration of end-to-end LTE call on handheld devices at Mobile World Congress, Barcelona" 2508: 2295: 8052: 7962: 7651: 6768: 6370: 6353: 3318: 3251: 2995: 2325: 2069: 910: 539: 434: 7936: 4701: 3477: 3408:"4G Wireless Evolution – Telefonica and Nokia Siemens Demonstrate Live LTE in a Real Network Environment" 1910:

To ensure compatibility, 3GPP demands at least AMR-NB codec (narrow band), but the recommended speech codec for VoLTE is

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The creation of LTE-TDD involved a coalition of international companies that worked to develop and test the technology.

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demonstrated interoperability between the first ever commercial LTE device and the live network in Stockholm, Sweden.

4612: 3382:"Alcatel-Lucent and LG Electronics Complete a Live Handoff of an End-to-End Data Call Between LTE and CDMA networks" 2902: 2818: 2259: 8171: 8067: 7775: 7697: 7636: 7343: 6762: 6694: 5116: 4530: 2047: 1479:, which worked to deploy LTE-TDD networks, and later developed technology allowing LTE-TDD equipment to operate in 3341: 2066:(QCI) – the mechanism used in LTE networks to allocate proper Quality of Service to bearer traffic 8176: 7547: 7508: 7353: 7253: 7182: 7115: 6942: 6643: 5826: 5281: 1664: 1570:

acquisition of Clearwire in 2013, the carrier began using these frequencies for LTE service on networks built by

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also participated in the development, setting up a LTE-TDD interoperability lab with Huawei in China, as well as

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and Mimoon demonstrated a base station reference design. This runs on a common hardware platform (multi-mode /

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The LTE specification provides downlink peak rates of 300 Mbit/s, uplink peak rates of 75 Mbit/s and

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Africa – 700, 800, 850, 900, 1800, 2100, 2500, 2600 MHz (bands 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 20, 28, 41)

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telecommunications technology and standard co-developed by an international coalition of companies, including

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The LTE standard was finalized in December 2008, and the first publicly available LTE service was launched by

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either. The disadvantage of this solution is that the phone can become expensive with high power consumption.

1782:). This feature can deliver services such as Mobile TV using the LTE infrastructure, and is a competitor for 8057: 8007: 7997: 7745: 7730: 7574: 7525: 7448: 7348: 7026: 6912: 6907: 6524: 6446: 5695: 4453: 4048: 3509: 1895: 1850: 1837: 1833: 701: 462:

offered by Verizon starting on March 17 being the second LTE smartphone to be sold commercially. In Canada,

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differ from country to country, only multi-band phones can use LTE in all countries where it is supported.

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demonstrated streaming HD video with peak data rates of 96 Mbit/s downlink and 86 Mbit/s uplink.

468: 70: 5620: 3616:"Mobitel, the first in South Asia to successfully demonstrate LTE, achieving a data rate of 96 Mbps" 3530: 2804: 2711: 8079: 7992: 7569: 7373: 7338: 7258: 7238: 7160: 7048: 6969: 6622: 6409: 6336: 5762: 5133: 3000: 2748: 1988: 1065: 950: 766: 678: 648: 808:

demonstrated the first successful handoff between CDMA and LTE networks in a standards-compliant manner

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In July 2009, Nujira demonstrated efficiencies of more than 60% for an 880 MHz LTE Power Amplifier

3531:"Telefónica drives the fourth-generation mobile technology by commissioning six advanced pilot trials" 3023: 2770: 7483: 7443: 7413: 7170: 7105: 6996: 6617: 6595: 6414: 6399: 6389: 5615: 5610: 4891:"Qualcomm Chipset Powers First Successful VoIP-Over-LTE Call With Single Radio Voice Call Continuity" 4125:"MWC 2013: Ericsson and China Mobile demo first dual mode HD VoLTE call based on multi-mode chipsets" 3177: 2948: 2063: 1871: 1668: 1644: 1628:

Peak download rates up to 299.6 Mbit/s and upload rates up to 75.4 Mbit/s depending on the

1480: 1013: 551: 395: 322: 5246:"What Aggregate Royalty Do Manufacturers of Mobile Phones Pay to License Standard-Essential Patents" 3883: 2931:"Nortel and LG Electronics Demo LTE at CTIA and with High Vehicle Speeds:: Wireless-Watch Community" 1840:, and therefore, can provide services quickly. However, the disadvantage is longer call setup delay. 885:. TeliaSonera incorrectly branded the network "4G". The modem devices on offer were manufactured by 7493: 7433: 7192: 7154: 7011: 6952: 6937: 6675: 6653: 6466: 6404: 6394: 6384: 5179:"Thus, any analysis of essential LTE patents should take into account more than ETSI declarations." 1946: 1890:(Voice over LTE Generic Access) as an interim solution. The idea was to use the same principles as 1766: 1675: 1657: 1589:

In January 2014, Nokia Solutions and Networks indicated that it had completed a series of tests of

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demonstrated LTE data rates of 200 Mbit/s with power level below 100 mW during the test.

515:, which was standardized in March 2011. Services commenced in 2013. Additional evolution known as 7720: 7677: 7608: 7478: 7408: 7383: 7318: 7165: 6886: 6648: 6590: 6569: 5102: 4423: 2233: 2162: 2058: 1921: 1567: 1104: 957: 851:

completed first live LTE call using 800 MHz spectrum band set aside as part of the European

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demonstrated the world's first end-to-end mobile call enabled by LTE on a small handheld device.

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has its first tower for wireless LTE network build-out. Wireless services launched in late 2009.

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service, and after PHS was discontinued in 2010 the PHS band was re-purposed for AXGP service.

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of up to 50 Mbit/s downlink and 25 Mbit/s in the uplink. Introductory tests showed a

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Wireless – Wireless Communications For Public Services And Private Enterprises

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granted to China's three mobile operators, allowing commercial deployment of 4G LTE services.

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demonstrated LTE data rates of 50 Mbit/s while travelling at 110 km/h (68 mph).

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On December 14, 2009, the first commercial LTE deployment was in the Scandinavian capitals

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video in the downlink and playing an interactive game in the uplink have been demonstrated.

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in China) have announced instead they intend to migrate to LTE. The next version of LTE is

7978: 7393: 7248: 7016: 6979: 6574: 6365: 5285: 3978: 2884: 2207: 1636: 1520: 882: 527: 463: 459: 403: 379: 6991: 4248: 3126:"Alcatel-Lucent gains LTE/700 MHz certification – RCR Wireless News" 1459:

and Hi3G Access have developed dual-mode networks in Hong Kong and Sweden, respectively.

5034:"GSMA Intelligence — Research — Hong Kong and Singapore lead LTE charge in Asia-Pacific" 3623: 3601: 3359: 8017: 7591: 7463: 7438: 7398: 7368: 7243: 7078: 6964: 6739: 6564: 6456: 6451: 6280: 5586: 5503:

2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Seoul, 2014, pp. 1–5.

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LTE for 4G Mobile Broadband – Air Interface Technologies and Performance

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Support of at least 200 active data clients (connected users) in every 5 MHz cell.

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communication systems as well as half-duplex FDD with the same radio access technology.

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Much of the LTE standard addresses the upgrading of 3G UMTS to what will eventually be

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for the first time in South Asia, achieving a data rate of 96 Mbit/s in Sri Lanka.

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demonstrated for the first time in the world, LTE with bit rates up to 144 Mbit/s

8208: 7740: 7513: 7503: 7418: 7308: 7303: 7293: 7278: 7100: 6959: 6735: 6559: 6461: 5472:, Second Edition including Release 10 for LTE-Advanced, John Wiley & Sons, 2011, 4734: 4678: 3947: 3852: 3322: 2111: 2005: 1516: 1241: 1042:

On December 14, 2009, the world's first publicly available LTE service was opened by

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announced the first outdoor pre-commercial experimentation in the world, deployed in

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LTE – An End-to-End Description of Network Architecture and Elements

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On May 28, 2010, Russian operator Scartel announced the launch of an LTE network in

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receives FCC certification for LTE base stations for the 700 MHz spectrum band.

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rights (IPR) database, about 50 companies have declared, as of March 2012, holding

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cell will support up to four times the data and voice capacity supported by HSPA).

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and studying its Terrestrial use in the L band at 1428 MHz (TE) In 2004 by Japan's

298: 290: 142: 138: 79: 2970: 1435:, there is no reference to that abbreviation anywhere in the 3GPP specifications. 647:

In early 2008, LTE test equipment began shipping from several vendors and, at the

433:, with studies on the standard officially commenced in 2005. In May 2007, the LTE/ 359: 343: 5388:

Multi-Carrier and Spread Spectrum Systems: From OFDM and MC-CDMA to LTE and WiMAX

5357: 5340: 3232:. The Inquirer. January 11, 2010. Archived from the original on November 21, 2009 2744:"Infineon Ships One Billion RF-Transceivers; Introduces Next-Generation LTE Chip" 2729: 938:

complete a live handoff of an end-to-end data call between LTE and CDMA networks.

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specification; but, because of market pressure and the significant advances that

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demonstrated world's first LTE call on standards-compliant commercial software.

578:. The simpler architecture results in lower operating costs (for example, each 289:

wireless service, as specified in the 3GPP Release 8 and 9 document series for

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demonstrated industry first over-the-air LTE session in 700 MHz spectrum.

634: 605: 500: 430: 375: 5534: 4702:"China finally grants 4G licenses, but still no iPhone deal for China Mobile" 3077: 2559:"AT&T commits to LTE-Advanced deployment in 2013, Hesse and Mead unfazed" 1918:. This codec is mandated in 3GPP networks that support 16 kHz sampling. 1079:

switched on the first pilot 4G LTE Network in South Asia with vendor partner

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for both voice and data to cell towers with older network technology such as

8087: 8042: 7808: 7273: 7088: 6844: 4535: 4283: 2580: 2483:"HTC ThunderBolt is officially Verizon's first LTE handset, come March 17th" 1870:

One additional approach which is not initiated by operators is the usage of

1714: 1706: 1547:, SoftBank Mobile launched LTE-TDD services in February 2012 under the name 1528: 1218: 1047: 973: 870: 652: 450: 327: 31: 5470:

LTE – The UMTS Long Term Evolution: From Theory to Practice

5189:

Galetovic, Alexander; Haber, Stephen; Zaretzki, Lew (September 25, 2016).

2376:"Samsung Craft, the world's first 4G LTE phone, now available at MetroPCS" 1734:

Support for inter-operation and co-existence with legacy standards (e.g.,

1431:). While some companies refer to LTE-TDD as "TD-LTE" for familiarity with 386:

LTE stands for Long-Term Evolution and is a registered trademark owned by

8181: 8032: 8012: 7803: 7793: 7710: 7535: 7358: 6719: 6244: 6148: 6047: 5970: 5937: 5897: 5891: 5068: 4923: 4706: 4363: 3857: 3650: 3050: 2907: 2822: 2357:"Vintage Mobiles: Samsung SCH-r900 – The world's first LTE Mobile (2010)" 2208:"Press Release: IMT-Advanced (4G) Mobile wireless broadband on the anvil" 1915: 1747: 1710: 1679: 1640: 1524: 1496: 1452: 1432: 1412: 977: 946: 924: 898: 826: 789: 772: 748: 721: 691: 684: 660: 656: 641: 627: 575: 563: 484: 455: 254: 5485:

SeungJune Yi, SungDuck Chun, YoungDae lee, SungJun Park, SungHoon Jung,

1924:

has proposed and demonstrated "Full-HD Voice", an implementation of the

8037: 7798: 7783: 6835: 6478: 5975: 5781: 5715: 5710: 5630: 5279:

LTE and the Evolution to 4G Wireless: Design and Measurement Challenges

5012:"Europe plans to reserve 800 MHz frequency band for LTE and WiMAX" 3204:"Alcatel-Lucent says new antenna technology boosts LTE, 3G data speeds" 2031: 1759: 1728: 1724: 1571: 1556: 1448: 1416: 1310: 988: 913: 886: 830: 668: 313:

from current 4G technologies, ITU has defined the latter as "True 4G".

5278: 953:

2010 in Barcelona, Spain, with both indoor and outdoor demonstrations.

30:"Long-term evolution" redirects here. For the biological concept, see 8156: 8027: 8002: 7828: 7788: 7110: 6902: 6855: 6774: 6711: 6187: 6058: 5958: 5700: 5640: 4645: 4504:"Huawei partners with Aero2 to launch LTE TDD/FDD commercial network" 4391: 2015: 1925: 1690: 1629: 1621: 1603: 1532: 1476: 1400: 1333: 1287: 1195: 1080: 1036: 1000: 961: 916:

of 42.8 Mbit/s downlink and 5.3 Mbit/s uplink in Stockholm.

894: 801: 782:

Launch of ng Connect program, a multi-industry consortium founded by

741: 664: 579: 535: 2403:"MetroPCS debuts first 4G LTE Android phone, Samsung Galaxy Indulge" 1786:-based TV broadcast only LTE compatible devices receives LTE signal. 335: 285:; but the original version did not meet the technical criteria of a 5400:

Dan Forsberg, Günther Horn, Wolf-Dietrich Moeller, Valtteri Niemi,

3646:"Dialog empowers Colombo as South Asia's first 4G LTE powered city" 1807:

with its all-IP network. Voice calls in GSM, UMTS and CDMA2000 are

1471:

was an early proponent of LTE-TDD, along with other companies like

1039:

and totally integrated into the 2G/3G network currently in service.

984:. This included video streams and a drive test system using TD-LTE. 905:

transmission. The deployment should have provided a physical layer

8191: 8186: 8131: 8115: 8092: 7947: 7813: 7750: 7058: 6779: 6750: 6745: 6705: 6699: 6681: 6275: 6260: 6223: 6210: 6129: 6107: 5913: 5705: 5530:

LTE-3GPP.info: online LTE messages decoder fully supporting Rel.14

5097: 4617: 4076: 3888: 3266:"and LG complete first end-to-end interoperability testing of LTE" 2775: 2086: 2080: 1887: 1875: 1863: 1794: 1783: 1755: 1699: 1683: 1579: 1544: 1508: 1484: 1440: 1356: 1172: 1058: 762:

have demonstrated LTE with 100 Mbit/s Uplink transfer speeds.

609: 594: 472: 422: 374: 366: 358: 350: 342: 334: 326: 302: 294: 5501:

Evaluation of Mobility Performance in 3GPP Heterogeneous Networks

4946:"Fraunhofer IIS Demos Full-HD Voice Over LTE On Android Handsets" 4641:"What's igniting Spark? A look inside Sprint's super-LTE network" 4186:"Qualcomm India's Dr. Avneesh Agrawal on 4G, Snapdragon and more" 1639:

for small IP packets in optimal conditions), lower latencies for

1101:

has announced that it will adopt LTE as its 4G wireless standard.

8022: 7755: 6669: 6441: 6139: 5953: 5821: 5748: 1751: 1456: 1051: 874: 776: 620: 571: 446: 426: 421:

The idea of LTE was first proposed in 1998, with the use of the

387: 371:

LTE and VoLTE logos on an Samsung Galaxy S21+ running One UI 6.1

270: 246: 27:

Standard for wireless broadband communication for mobile devices

7951: 6859: 6520: 5538: 5312:

3G Evolution – HSPA and LTE for Mobile Broadband

4990:"EC makes official recommendation for 790–862 MHz release" 4559:"SoftBank launching 110Mbps AXGP 4G network in Japan this week" 4531:"SoftBank launching 110Mbps AXGP 4G network in Japan this week" 3915:"MWC 2013: TD-LTE group touts successful global roaming trials" 2072: – the re-architecturing of core networks in LTE 927:

first to achieve LTE and HSPA mobility with a multimode device.

7001: 5861: 5836: 5757: 5744: 5720: 5404:, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester 2013, 4131:. London, UK: Noble House Media. March 4, 2013. Archived from 3436:(in Russian). Mobile TeleSystems. May 11, 2010. Archived from 3024:"MWC: Alcatel-Lucent focusing on cross-industry collaboration" 1735: 1695: 1536: 1404: 567: 543: 410:

architecture. The LTE wireless interface is incompatible with

238: 5430: 5137: 3459: 2867:"Walko, John "NXP powers ahead with programmable LTE modem", 1083:

and demonstrated a download data speed up to 127 Mbit/s.

4762:"NSN and Sprint achieves huge leap in TD-LTE network speeds" 3154:. Nokia Siemens Networks. September 17, 2009. Archived from 2656: 1368:

For the complete list of all the countries/territories, see

6239: 6162: 6008: 5932: 5850: 5734: 5655: 5416:

Long Term Evolution: 3GPP LTE Radio and Cellular Technology

3704:"reportonbusiness.com: Wireless sales propel Telus results" 3268:. Nokia Siemens Networks. November 24, 2009. Archived from 3230:"Alcatel-Lucent completes first 800 MHz live LTE call" 1609: 1388: 935: 866:

completed first end-to-end interoperability testing of LTE.

863: 414:

and 3G networks, so that it must be operated on a separate

411: 407: 286: 166: 152: 134: 116: 98: 75: 5519: 4479:"LTE TDD: network plans, commitments, trials, deployments" 4217:"ZTE, China Mobile Hong Kong to construct LTE-TDD network" 3384:. Your Communication News. January 8, 2010. Archived from 2326:"LTE/SAE Trial Initiative (LSTI) Delivers Initial Results" 2034: – flat IP architectures in mobile networks 1503:

Trials of LTE-TDD technology began as early as 2010, with

5326:

4G – LTE/LTE-Advanced for Mobile Broadband

3757:"The State of Mobile Network Experience- Benchmarking 5G" 3046:"Motorola Brings LTE to Life on the Streets of Barcelona" 2885:"Walko, John "PicoChip, MimoOn team for LTE ref design", 1620:

combined network, to an all-IP flat architecture system.

714:) demonstrated a multi-mode LTE modem as the basis for a 5529: 5310:

Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, Per Beming,

5191:"A New Dataset on Mobile Phone Patent License Royalties" 4585:"Report: TD-LTE to power 25% of LTE connections by 2016" 3414:. Technology Marketing Corp. (TMCnet). February 15, 2010 2903:"Motorola Media Center – Press Releases" 2845:"Freescale Semiconductor To Demo LTE In Mobile Handsets" 2819:"Motorola Media Center – Press Releases" 1507:

and Ericsson India conducting field tests of LTE-TDD in

786:

to identify and develop wireless broadband applications.

889:(dongle GT-B3710), and the network infrastructure with 5161:"Identifying The Tech Leaders In LTE Wireless Patents" 4730:"China Mobile, NSN Complete Live VoLTE Test on TD-LTE" 4419:"Ericsson, Reliance showcases first LTE-TDD ecosystem" 3555:"Telecom accende la rete mobile di quarta generazione" 2018: – the radio access network used in LTE 5358:

Mobile Terminal Receiver Design: LTE and LTE-Advanced

4613:"Done deal: Sprint now owns 100 percent of Clearwire" 4156:"GCF and GTI partner for TD-LTE device certification" 3602:"Rogers launches first LTE technical trial in Ottawa" 3577:"Scartel to launch "$ 30–$ 40m" LTE network in Kazan" 554:(TDD). The IP-based network architecture, called the 3434:"MTS and Huawei showcase LTE at Sviaz-Expocomm 2010" 2185:"ITU-R Confers IMT-Advanced (4G) Status to 3GPP LTE" 1624:

is the air interface of LTE. Its main features are:

8124: 8106: 8078: 7985: 7837: 7774: 7696: 7660: 7617: 7558: 7492: 7201: 6893: 6823: 6800: 6662: 6631: 6583: 6552: 6309: 6289: 6253: 6238: 6203: 6176: 6161: 6138: 6097: 6068: 6018: 6007: 5986: 5946: 5931: 5906: 5884: 5860: 5849: 5809: 5790: 5771: 5743: 5733: 5688: 5664: 5654: 5582: 3293:"TeliaSonera launches first commercial LTE network" 2505:"Rogers lights up Canada's first LTE network today" 1705:

Support for cell sizes from tens of metres radius (

1443:, which can easily be upgraded to support LTE-TDD. 5355:Sajal K. Das, John Wiley & Sons (April 2016): 5338:Sajal K. Das, John Wiley & Sons (April 2010): 5128: 5126: 4674:"Sprint's LTE TDD Future to Boost Current Vendors" 4041:"Nokia developing TD-LTE devices for China Mobile" 3736:"GSA: LTE-5G Market Statistics –March 2019 Update" 3128:. Rcrwireless.com. August 24, 2009. Archived from 1483:—frequency spectra between broadcast TV stations. 599:Cellular network standards and generation timeline 402:-based system with significantly reduced transfer 382:, the second commercially available LTE smartphone 5468:Stefania Sesia, Issam Toufik, and Matthew Baker, 4279:"TD-LTE 4G standard gains momentum: ABI Research" 2682:"Nomor Research: World's first LTE demonstration" 2134:"Long Term Evolution (LTE): A Technical Overview" 6780:Multichannel Video and Data Distribution Service 4249:"Competitors Try Curbing China Mobile's 4G Urge" 4100:"LTE Frequency Bands & Spectrum Allocations" 3853:"Huawei: More Trials of TD-LTE in Asia Expected" 3622:. Sri Lanka Telecom. May 6, 2011. Archived from 1799:cs domLTE CSFB to GSM/UMTS network interconnects 779:RF transceiver providing 2G/3G/LTE functionality 5303:", RF&Microwave Designline, September 2011. 4072:"Optus to launch TD-LTE 4G network in Canberra" 3152:"World's first LTE call on commercial software" 3074:"achieves best ever LTE transmitter efficiency" 2795: 2793: 1985:European Telecommunications Standards Institute 454:starting on February 10, 2011, both offered by 4332:"Intel and Huawei set up LTE TDD lab in China" 4034: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4024: 4022: 3784:"The State of Mobile Network Experience (PDF)" 7963: 6871: 6532: 5550: 5454:, Jens Zander, Ki Won Sung, and Ben Slimane, 2535:. 3GPP LTE Encyclopedia. 2009. Archived from 2507:. CNW Group Ltd. July 7, 2011. Archived from 2024: – an enhancement of the 3GPP 1723:Simplified architecture: The network side of 1654:Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access 1643:and connection setup time than with previous 1425:Long-Term Evolution Frequency-Division Duplex 1023: 194: 8: 6814:Multichannel multipoint distribution service 6547:Wireless video and data distribution methods 5390:, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2008, 5376:, vol. 44, no. 3, March 2006, pp. 38–45 5324:Erik Dahlman, Stefan Parkvall, Johan Sköld, 3814:"Huawei rejects EU dumping, subsidy charges" 2951:. Mediacenter.motorola.com. November 3, 2008 1780:multicast-broadcast single-frequency network 980:demonstrated a live LTE in conjunction with 7886:Global telecommunications regulation bodies 2708:"Ericsson demonstrates live LTE at 144Mbps" 1635:Low data transfer latencies (sub-5 ms 1075:On May 7, 2011, Sri Lankan Mobile Operator 663:demonstrated an LTE RAN standard compliant 615:In September 2006, Siemens Networks (today 612:proposes LTE as the international standard. 7970: 7956: 7948: 7922: 6878: 6864: 6856: 6539: 6525: 6517: 6250: 6173: 6015: 5943: 5857: 5740: 5661: 5557: 5543: 5535: 5064:"Latest news on technology and innovation" 4447:"Nokia Siemens Networks TD-LTE whitepaper" 4211: 4209: 4180: 4178: 4176: 3908: 3906: 1858:Single Radio Voice Call Continuity (SRVCC) 1120: 201: 187: 42: 5525:A Simple Introduction to the LTE Downlink 5381:Mobile Broadband: Including WiMAX and LTE 3877: 3875: 3478:"DirecTV Tests LTE With Verizon Wireless" 3206:. FierceBroadbandWireless. Archived from 3102:. Nortel. August 27, 2009. Archived from 1555:). The AXGP band was previously used for 293:. The requirements were set forth by the 5487:Radio Protocols for LTE and LTE-Advanced 4242: 4240: 4238: 3967: 3965: 3943:"Defining 4G: What the Heck Is LTE TDD?" 3846: 3844: 3842: 3840: 3838: 2456:"Verizon launches its first LTE handset" 2430:"MetroPCS snags first LTE Android phone" 1874:(OTT) services, using applications like 1381:Long-Term Evolution Time-Division Duplex 877:by the Swedish-Finnish network operator 5195:Stanford University: Hoover Institution 4809:KG, Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. 4307:"Huawei trials white spaces TD-LTE kit" 3076:. Nujira. July 16, 2009. Archived from 2187:(Press release). 3GPP. October 20, 2010 2110:. 3GPP LTE Encyclopedia. Archived from 2099: 1370:list of countries by 4G LTE penetration 347:An Android phone showing LTE connection 89: 61: 54: 6687:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service 6427:Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service 5159:Elizabeth Woyke (September 21, 2011). 3243: 2363:from the original on November 5, 2023. 2089: – the successor to LTE 1713:) up to 100 km (62 miles) radius 1064:On October 6, 2010, Canadian provider 775:demonstrated a single-chip 65 nm 425:radio access technique to replace the 36:E. coli long-term evolution experiment 6808:Local multipoint distribution service 5314:, 2nd edition, Academic Press, 2008, 5136:. ipeg. March 6, 2012. Archived from 4002:"LTE-FDD, TDD, TD-LTE Duplex Schemes" 3884:"China's TD-LTE spreads across globe" 3291:Goldstein, Phil (December 14, 2009). 2607:LTE – an introduction 2401:Wimberly, Taylor (February 9, 2011). 2355:Temple, Stephen (November 18, 2014). 2083: – a competitor to LTE 2011:Comparison of wireless data standards 1551:(AXGP), and marketed as SoftBank 4G ( 1387:), also referred to as TDD LTE, is a 7: 7932: 6786:Multipoint Video Distribution System 6385:Spectral efficiency comparison table 5458:, Cambridge University Press, 2016, 5456:Fundamentals of Mobile Data Networks 5217:"On Cumulative mobile-SEP royalties" 5215:Mallinson, Keith (August 19, 2015). 4972:"Firm Set to Demo HD Voice over LTE" 4557:Zahid Ghadialy (February 21, 2012). 4039:Cian O'Sullivan (10 November 2010). 674:RAN stands for Radio Access Network. 475:, but major CDMA operators (such as 8235:Mobile telecommunications standards 5253:The Criterion Journal on Innovation 4837:"Evolution and Deployment of VoLTE" 4639:Kevin Fitchard (October 30, 2013). 1849:does not require the deployment of 1112:Global Mobile Suppliers Association 5448:, Cambridge University Press, 2009 4916:"LTE delivers superior voice, too" 3974:"Gov't to pick 4th mobile carrier" 3972:Kim Yoo-chul (November 18, 2013). 3202:Lynnette Luna (October 17, 2009). 2462:from the original on April 7, 2012 2332:. November 7, 2007. Archived from 1845:Simultaneous voice and LTE (SVLTE) 591:3GPP standard development timeline 25: 4277:Sophie Curtis (January 4, 2012). 4154:Steve Costello (August 2, 2013). 2458:. TeleGeography. March 16, 2011. 1660:for the uplink to conserve power. 1549:Advanced eXtended Global Platform 1046:in the two Scandinavian capitals 992:Americans live on Sunday, Dec. 5. 546:to 20 MHz and supports both 526:provisions permitting a transfer 519:have been approved in year 2015. 269:The standard is developed by the 237:and data terminals, based on the 7931: 7921: 7912: 7911: 7900: 7521:Free-space optical communication 6731:Mobile broadband wireless access 6501: 6490: 5576:List of mobile phone generations 5499:Y. Zhou, Z. Lei and S. H. Wong, 4700:Richard Lai (December 4, 2013). 4583:Phil Goldstein (June 22, 2012). 4529:Sam Byford (February 20, 2012). 4357:Sharif Sakr (December 8, 2011). 4070:Josh Taylor (December 4, 2012). 3851:Michael Kan (January 20, 2011). 2613:. Ericsson. 2009. Archived from 2405:. Android and Me. Archived from 1828:Circuit-switched fallback (CSFB) 1590: 1491:, Nokia, and Nokia Siemens (now 1349: 1326: 1303: 1280: 1257: 1234: 1211: 1188: 1165: 1142: 728:) with their WiMAX architecture. 307:Evolved High Speed Packet Access 5091:Taylor, Josh (April 14, 2011). 4835:Chen, Qunhui (September 2011). 4728:Ben Munson (January 31, 2014). 4385:Kevin Fitchard (July 4, 2013). 3913:Dan Meyer (February 25, 2013). 3882:Liau Yun Qing (June 22, 2011). 3604:. reuters.com. October 6, 2010. 2771:"Intel® Mobile Modem Solutions" 2432:. Network World. Archived from 2428:Reed, Brad (February 9, 2011). 1803:The LTE standard supports only 842:Telekom Innovation Laboratories 5520:LTE Frequently Asked Questions 5289:, John Wiley & Sons, 2009 4305:Nick Wood (October 21, 2011). 3941:Dan Jones (October 16, 2012). 3718:"Cox goes with LTE-ready CDMA" 2378:. Unwired View. Archived from 2206:pressinfo (October 21, 2009). 1882:to provide LTE voice service. 903:Single-Input and Single-Output 558:(EPC) designed to replace the 1: 8220:Wireless networking standards 6769:Educational Broadband Service 5177:Second comment by the author: 4672:Sarah Reedy (July 12, 2013). 3654:. May 9, 2011. Archived from 3358:. ST-Ericsson. Archived from 2481:P., Daniel (March 15, 2011). 2374:Florin (September 21, 2010). 2274:"Work Plan 3GPP (Release 99)" 2070:System Architecture Evolution 1754:or W-CDMA-based UMTS or even 718:system for use in cellphones. 56:Wireless network technologies 7907:Telecommunication portal 7688:Telecommunications equipment 6497:Telecommunication portal 5414:Borko Furht, Syed A. Ahson, 5093:"Optus still evaluating LTE" 4611:Rachel King (July 9, 2013). 2561:. Engadget. November 8, 2011 1912:Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband 1493:Nokia Solutions and Networks 1409:Nokia Solutions and Networks 881:and its Norwegian brandname 548:frequency division duplexing 18:Long term evolution standard 7424:Alexander Stepanovich Popov 5117:"New Zealand 4G LTE launch" 4844:Huawei Communicate Magazine 3782:Boyland, Peter (May 2019). 2632:"Long Term Evolution (LTE)" 2581:"What is LTE-Advanced Pro?" 8256: 7128:Telecommunications history 6763:Advanced Wireless Services 6695:Digital Video Broadcasting 5994:CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Release 0 3510:"LTE Commercial Contracts" 3464:The Official Motorola Blog 2256:"ETSI Long Term Evolution" 2230:"Newsroom • Press Release" 2159:"Newsroom • Press Release" 2059:Simulation of LTE Networks 1944: 1861: 1818: 1601: 1011: 320: 29: 8230:Mobile telecommunications 7895: 7736:Public Switched Telephone 7548:telecommunication circuit 7509:Fiber-optic communication 7254:Francis Blake (telephone) 7049:Optical telecommunication 6644:Satellite Internet access 6487: 5876:EDGE/EGPRS - Evolved EDGE 5801:D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136) 5573: 4508:Computer News Middle East 3250:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2232:. Itu.int. Archived from 2161:. Itu.int. Archived from 1836:instead of deploying the 1645:radio access technologies 1066:Rogers Communications Inc 1024: 1008:Carrier adoption timeline 997:Sri Lanka Telecom Mobitel 277:and has been marketed as 259:LTE frequencies and bands 177:Mobile telecommunications 7647:Orbital angular-momentum 7084:Satellite communications 6923:Communications satellite 5386:K. Fazel and S. Kaiser, 5328:, Academic Press, 2011, 5038:www.gsmaintelligence.com 4889:Incorporated, Qualcomm. 4336:Global Telecoms Business 2108:"An Introduction to LTE" 8215:LTE (telecommunication) 7526:Molecular communication 7349:Gardiner Greene Hubbard 7178:Undersea telegraph line 6913:Cable protection system 6332:Comparison of standards 5971:UTRA-TDD LCR / TD-SCDMA 5244:Sidak, Gregory (2016). 5134:"Who Owns LTE Patents?" 4247:Tan Min (May 7, 2013). 1630:user equipment category 840:'s Bell Labs, Deutsche 760:Heinrich Hertz Institut 702:Freescale Semiconductor 552:time-division duplexing 331:LTE tower in Argentina. 7668:Communication protocol 7454:Charles Sumner Tainter 7269:Walter Houser Brattain 7214:Edwin Howard Armstrong 7022:Information revolution 6606:Terrestrial television 6337:Channel access methods 5976:UTRA-TDD HCR / TD-CDMA 5284:July 10, 2019, at the 5276:Agilent Technologies, 4934:on September 24, 2015. 4811:"Voice and SMS in LTE" 4452:. 2010. Archived from 2732:on September 27, 2011. 1906:Enhanced voice quality 1815:Voice over LTE (VoLTE) 1800: 1591:voice over LTE (VoLTE) 1031:On November 24, 2009: 943:Nokia Siemens Networks 893:technology created by 860:Nokia Siemens Networks 820:Nokia Siemens Networks 756:Nokia Siemens Networks 726:software-defined radio 716:software-defined radio 600: 487:in the United States, 383: 372: 364: 356: 348: 340: 332: 7642:Polarization-division 7374:Narinder Singh Kapany 7339:Erna Schneider Hoover 7259:Jagadish Chandra Bose 7239:Alexander Graham Bell 6970:online video platform 6623:Visual sensor network 6508:Telephones portal 5616:MTA - MTB - MTC - MTD 5516:from the 3GPP website 5434:, CreateSpace, 2010, 5341:Mobile Handset Design 4815:www.rohde-schwarz.com 4104:Radio-electronics.com 4006:Radio-electronics.com 3325:on December 20, 2012. 3026:. Telephonyonline.com 3001:Infineon Technologies 2807:on September 9, 2009. 2749:Infineon Technologies 1989:intellectual property 1798: 1086:On February 9, 2012, 951:Mobile World Congress 767:Mobile World Congress 765:At the February 2009 679:Mobile World Congress 677:At the February 2008 649:Mobile World Congress 598: 378: 370: 362: 354: 346: 338: 330: 7484:Vladimir K. Zworykin 7444:Almon Brown Strowger 7414:Charles Grafton Page 7069:Prepaid mobile phone 6997:Electrical telegraph 6618:Satellite television 6125:iBurst (IEEE 802.20) 5898:CDMA2000 1X Advanced 5383:, Springer, NY, 2009 5119:. February 28, 2013. 4853:on November 8, 2011. 4846:(61). Archived from 4510:. September 21, 2011 4399:on December 10, 2013 3132:on September 1, 2009 2855:on January 26, 2013. 2539:on February 22, 2015 2064:QoS Class Identifier 1932:services branded as 1872:over-the-top content 1765:Uplink and downlink 1727:is composed only of 1014:List of LTE networks 562:, supports seamless 536:radio access network 530:of less than 5 396:network architecture 323:List of LTE networks 297:organisation in the 8225:Japanese inventions 8125:Long range wireless 7434:Johann Philipp Reis 7193:Wireless revolution 7155:The Telephone Cases 7012:Hydraulic telegraph 6676:Long Term Evolution 6654:Wireless local loop 6596:Internet television 6011:(3.5G, 3.75G, 3.9G) 5853:(2.5G, 2.75G, 2.9G) 5621:Mobile TeleSeratout 5418:, CRC Press, 2009, 4952:. February 25, 2012 4653:on December 4, 2013 3480:. October 30, 2023. 3362:on January 28, 2013 3338:"Daily Mobile Blog" 3272:on January 26, 2010 3210:on October 20, 2009 3182:Light Reading Group 3054:. February 16, 2009 2889:, February 4, 2008" 2871:, January 30, 2008" 2714:on August 27, 2009. 2657:"The Asahi Shimbun" 2436:on January 17, 2012 2336:on November 6, 2013 2306:on January 12, 2013 2296:"LSTI job complete" 1947:LTE frequency bands 1778:Support for MBSFN ( 1767:Carrier aggregation 1658:Single-carrier FDMA 1505:Reliance Industries 1376:LTE-TDD and LTE-FDD 1122: 1110:In March 2019, the 1061:by the end of 2010. 818:In September 2009, 633:In September 2007, 556:Evolved Packet Core 503:in South Korea and 219:long-term evolution 8240:Telecommunications 7632:Frequency-division 7609:Telephone exchange 7479:Charles Wheatstone 7409:Jun-ichi Nishizawa 7384:Innocenzo Manzetti 7319:Reginald Fessenden 7054:Optical telegraphy 6887:Telecommunications 6649:Wireless broadband 6591:Amateur television 6570:Radio broadcasting 6499: 6085:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-B) 6079:(TIA/EIA/IS-856-A) 6077:1xEV-DO Revision A 5105:on March 18, 2012. 5072:. December 5, 2016 4992:. October 29, 2009 4895:www.prnewswire.com 4866:"VoLGA whitepaper" 4788:"Evolution of LTE" 4768:. February 6, 2014 4427:. December 2, 2010 4424:The Indian Express 4194:. February 8, 2013 3821:(European edition) 3412:Mobility Tech Zone 3344:on April 19, 2012. 3327: – 3297:fiercewireless.com 3158:on October 7, 2009 3004:. January 14, 2009 2825:. February 7, 2008 2688:on October 5, 2011 2620:on August 1, 2010. 2359:. History of GMS. 2276:. January 16, 2012 1801: 1678:currently used by 1656:for the downlink, 1463:History of LTE-TDD 1455:, while operators 1121: 1105:Cox Communications 987:As of 12/10/2010, 958:Mobile TeleSystems 941:In February 2010, 919:In December 2009, 858:In November 2009, 847:In November 2009, 747:In November 2008, 708:NXP Semiconductors 671:at the same event. 640:In November 2007, 626:In February 2007, 601: 406:compared with the 384: 373: 365: 357: 349: 341: 333: 257:networks. Because 233:communication for 231:wireless broadband 215:telecommunications 8202: 8201: 7945: 7944: 7683:Store and forward 7678:Data transmission 7592:Network switching 7543:Transmission line 7389:Guglielmo Marconi 7354:Internet pioneers 7219:Mohamed M. Atalla 7188:Whistled language 6853: 6852: 6601:Mobile television 6514: 6513: 6317:Cellular networks 6305: 6304: 6234: 6233: 6157: 6156: 6003: 6002: 5959:UTRA-FDD / W-CDMA 5927: 5926: 5894:(TIA/EIA/IS-2000) 5845: 5844: 5729: 5728: 5495:978-1-118-18853-8 5478:978-0-470-66025-6 5440:978-1-4528-3464-1 5424:978-1-4200-7210-5 5410:978-1-118-35558-9 5396:978-0-470-99821-2 5374:IEEE Commun. Mag. 5367:978-1-1191-0730-9 5350:978-0-470-82467-2 5334:978-0-12-385489-6 5320:978-0-12-374538-5 5295:978-0-470-68261-6 5140:on March 29, 2014 5044:on March 23, 2019 4978:on June 19, 2013. 4160:Mobile World Live 4135:on March 28, 2014 3920:RCR Wireless News 3724:on July 26, 2011. 3684:on March 14, 2015 3388:on March 28, 2010 2971:"News and events" 2661:The Asahi Shimbun 2409:on March 22, 2012 2262:on March 3, 2015. 1993:essential patents 1983:According to the 1758:networks such as 1663:Support for both 1366: 1365: 1129:Country/Territory 1077:Dialog Axiata PLC 930:In January 2010, 836:In October 2009, 825:In October 2009, 560:GPRS Core Network 211: 210: 16:(Redirected from 8247: 7972: 7965: 7958: 7949: 7935: 7934: 7925: 7924: 7915: 7914: 7905: 7904: 7903: 7776:Notable networks 7766:Wireless network 7706:Cellular network 7698:Types of network 7673:Computer network 7560:Network topology 7474:Thomas A. Watson 7329:Oliver Heaviside 7314:Philo Farnsworth 7289:Daniel Davis Jr. 7264:Charles Bourseul 7224:John Logie Baird 6933:Data compression 6928:Computer network 6880: 6873: 6866: 6857: 6639:Mobile broadband 6541: 6534: 6527: 6518: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6422:Mobile broadband 6322:Mobile telephony 6310:Related articles 6251: 6194:LTE Advanced Pro 6174: 6089:EV-DO Revision C 6083:EV-DO Revision B 6016: 5944: 5858: 5741: 5662: 5587:radio telephones 5566:Cellular network 5559: 5552: 5545: 5536: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5250: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5221: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5186: 5180: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5130: 5121: 5120: 5113: 5107: 5106: 5101:. Archived from 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5040:. Archived from 5030: 5024: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4986: 4980: 4979: 4974:. Archived from 4968: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4957: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4927:. Archived from 4920: 4912: 4906: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4862: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4841: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4806: 4800: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4742:on March 5, 2016 4738:. Archived from 4725: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4714: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4669: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4649:. Archived from 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4599: 4597: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4489: 4475: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4458: 4451: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4415: 4409: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4395:. Archived from 4382: 4376: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4345: 4343: 4338:. April 10, 2012 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4274: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4244: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4213: 4204: 4203: 4201: 4199: 4182: 4171: 4170: 4168: 4166: 4151: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4121: 4115: 4114: 4112: 4110: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4058: 4056: 4051:on 28 March 2014 4047:. Archived from 4036: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3927: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3879: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3848: 3833: 3832: 3830: 3828: 3810: 3804: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3788: 3779: 3773: 3772: 3770: 3768: 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3720:. Archived from 3714: 3708: 3707: 3700: 3694: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3680:. Archived from 3674: 3668: 3667: 3665: 3663: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3626:on June 21, 2011 3612: 3606: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3557:. Il Sole 24 ORE 3551: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3535: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3440:on July 18, 2011 3430: 3424: 3423: 3421: 3419: 3404: 3398: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3378: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3352: 3346: 3345: 3340:. Archived from 3334: 3328: 3326: 3321:. Archived from 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3277: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3249: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3217: 3215: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3174: 3168: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3106:on July 14, 2011 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3080:on July 14, 2011 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3042: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3011: 3009: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2967: 2961: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2937:on June 6, 2008. 2933:. Archived from 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2911:. March 26, 2008 2899: 2893: 2892: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2851:. Archived from 2841: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2803:. Archived from 2797: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2740: 2734: 2733: 2728:. Archived from 2722: 2716: 2715: 2710:. Archived from 2704: 2698: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2684:. Archived from 2678: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2636: 2628: 2622: 2621: 2619: 2612: 2602: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2555: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2527: 2521: 2520: 2518: 2516: 2511:on July 16, 2015 2501: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2490: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2452: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2382:on June 10, 2013 2371: 2365: 2364: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2322: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2311: 2302:. Archived from 2292: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2270: 2264: 2263: 2258:. Archived from 2252: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2181: 2175: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2165:on June 20, 2012 2155: 2149: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2138: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2121: 2119: 2114:on April 1, 2021 2104: 1914:, also known as 1809:circuit switched 1805:packet switching 1775:radio interface. 1674:Support for all 1618:packet switching 1359: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1329: 1313: 1309: 1307: 1306: 1290: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1267: 1263: 1261: 1260: 1244: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1214: 1198: 1194: 1192: 1191: 1175: 1171: 1169: 1168: 1152: 1148: 1146: 1145: 1123: 1027: 1026: 995:On May 6, 2011, 972:At the Shanghai 949:test the LTE in 853:Digital Dividend 811:In August 2009, 800:In August 2009, 542:, from 1.4 517:LTE Advanced Pro 203: 196: 189: 43: 21: 8255: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8245: 8244: 8205: 8204: 8203: 8198: 8120: 8102: 8074: 7981: 7979:Internet access 7976: 7946: 7941: 7901: 7899: 7891: 7833: 7770: 7692: 7656: 7613: 7562: 7554: 7495: 7488: 7394:Robert Metcalfe 7249:Tim Berners-Lee 7197: 7017:Information Age 6889: 6884: 6854: 6849: 6839: 6819: 6796: 6658: 6627: 6579: 6575:Satellite radio 6548: 6545: 6515: 6510: 6502: 6500: 6491: 6489: 6483: 6390:Frequency bands 6301: 6285: 6243: 6230: 6199: 6166: 6153: 6134: 6093: 6064: 6010: 6009:3G transitional 5999: 5982: 5936: 5923: 5902: 5880: 5852: 5851:2G transitional 5841: 5805: 5786: 5782:cdmaOne (IS-95) 5767: 5725: 5684: 5650: 5578: 5569: 5563: 5510: 5489:, Wiley, 2012, 5428:Chris Johnson, 5379:Mustafa Ergen, 5301:What is TD-LTE? 5299:Beaver, Paul, " 5286:Wayback Machine 5273: 5271:Further reading 5268: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5248: 5243: 5242: 5238: 5228: 5226: 5219: 5214: 5213: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5169: 5167: 5158: 5157: 5153: 5143: 5141: 5132: 5131: 5124: 5115: 5114: 5110: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5062: 5061: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5017: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4970: 4969: 4965: 4955: 4953: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4909: 4899: 4897: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4859: 4850: 4839: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4819: 4817: 4808: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4791: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4727: 4726: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4684: 4682: 4671: 4670: 4666: 4656: 4654: 4638: 4637: 4633: 4623: 4621: 4610: 4609: 4605: 4595: 4593: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4556: 4555: 4551: 4541: 4539: 4528: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4459:on 11 June 2014 4456: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4430: 4428: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4402: 4400: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4341: 4339: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4315: 4313: 4304: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4276: 4275: 4271: 4261: 4259: 4246: 4245: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4223:. July 20, 2012 4215: 4214: 4207: 4197: 4195: 4184: 4183: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4108: 4106: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4054: 4052: 4038: 4037: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3979:The Korea Times 3971: 3970: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3940: 3939: 3935: 3925: 3923: 3912: 3911: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3850: 3849: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3812: 3811: 3807: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3729: 3716: 3715: 3711: 3702: 3701: 3697: 3687: 3685: 3676: 3675: 3671: 3661: 3659: 3658:on May 12, 2011 3644: 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3585: 3583: 3575: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3553: 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3453: 3443: 3441: 3432: 3431: 3427: 3417: 3415: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3391: 3389: 3380: 3379: 3375: 3365: 3363: 3354: 3353: 3349: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3299:. FierceMarkets 3290: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3242: 3235: 3233: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3213: 3211: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3029: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2964: 2954: 2952: 2947: 2946: 2942: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2883: 2882: 2878: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2849:InformationWeek 2843: 2842: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2799: 2798: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2742: 2741: 2737: 2724: 2723: 2719: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2691: 2689: 2680: 2679: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2617: 2610: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2589: 2587: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2564: 2562: 2557: 2556: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2529: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2488: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2475: 2465: 2463: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2439: 2437: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2412: 2410: 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2354: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2337: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2309: 2307: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2271: 2267: 2254: 2253: 2249: 2239: 2237: 2236:on May 16, 2022 2228: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2188: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2168: 2166: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2106: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2002: 1981: 1949: 1943: 1941:Frequency bands 1908: 1866: 1823: 1793: 1773:Packet-switched 1676:frequency bands 1606: 1600: 1537:ZTE Corporation 1521:SoftBank Mobile 1465: 1378: 1350: 1348: 1347: 1327: 1325: 1324: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1212: 1210: 1209: 1189: 1187: 1186: 1166: 1164: 1163: 1143: 1141: 1140: 1016: 1010: 883:NetCom (Norway) 754:Researchers at 736:In April 2008, 710:(later part of 593: 588: 464:Rogers Wireless 460:HTC ThunderBolt 380:HTC ThunderBolt 339:Unofficial logo 325: 319: 267: 207: 171: 85: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8253: 8251: 8243: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8207: 8206: 8200: 8199: 8197: 8196: 8195: 8194: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8112: 8110: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8084: 8082: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7989: 7987: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7960: 7952: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7929: 7919: 7909: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7861: 7860: 7855: 7847: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7832: 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7796: 7791: 7786: 7780: 7778: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7702: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7627:Space-division 7623: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7611: 7606: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7589: 7588: 7587: 7577: 7572: 7566: 7564: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7517: 7516: 7506: 7500: 7498: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7464:Camille Tissot 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7439:Claude Shannon 7436: 7431: 7429:Tivadar Puskás 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7399:Antonio Meucci 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7369:Charles K. Kao 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7344:Harold Hopkins 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7311: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7244:Emile Berliner 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7183:Videotelephony 7180: 7175: 7174: 7173: 7168: 7158: 7151: 7146: 7140: 7135: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7098: 7097: 7096: 7086: 7081: 7079:Radiotelephone 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6965:Internet video 6957: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6899: 6897: 6891: 6890: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6875: 6868: 6860: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6847: 6842: 6837: 6833: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6811: 6804: 6802: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6789: 6783: 6777: 6772: 6766: 6760: 6759: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6733: 6728: 6717: 6716: 6715: 6709: 6703: 6692: 6691: 6690: 6684: 6679: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6614: 6613: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6581: 6580: 6578: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6565:Internet radio 6562: 6556: 6554: 6550: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6543: 6536: 6529: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6481: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6387: 6382: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6300: 6299: 6293: 6291: 6287: 6286: 6284: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6255: 6248: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6227: 6226: 6221: 6207: 6205: 6201: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6191: 6180: 6178: 6171: 6159: 6158: 6155: 6154: 6152: 6151: 6145: 6143: 6136: 6135: 6133: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6104: 6102: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6080: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6052: 6051: 6050: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6033: 6022: 6020: 6013: 6005: 6004: 6001: 6000: 5998: 5997: 5990: 5988: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5979: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5967: 5966: 5950: 5948: 5941: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5924: 5922: 5921: 5916: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5878: 5873: 5867: 5865: 5855: 5847: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5803: 5797: 5795: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5778: 5776: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5754: 5752: 5738: 5731: 5730: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5682: 5677: 5671: 5669: 5659: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5631:Autotel (PALM) 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5590: 5580: 5579: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5564: 5562: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5539: 5533: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5509: 5508:External links 5506: 5505: 5504: 5497: 5483: 5480: 5466: 5449: 5442: 5431:LTE in BULLETS 5426: 5412: 5398: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5353: 5336: 5322: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5236: 5207: 5181: 5151: 5122: 5108: 5083: 5055: 5025: 5014:. May 16, 2010 5003: 4981: 4963: 4937: 4907: 4881: 4857: 4827: 4801: 4779: 4753: 4720: 4692: 4664: 4631: 4603: 4590:FierceWireless 4575: 4549: 4521: 4495: 4470: 4438: 4410: 4377: 4349: 4323: 4297: 4269: 4234: 4205: 4172: 4146: 4116: 4090: 4062: 4018: 3992: 3961: 3933: 3902: 3871: 3834: 3823:. May 23, 2013 3805: 3774: 3763:. May 29, 2019 3761:opensignal.com 3748: 3727: 3709: 3695: 3669: 3637: 3607: 3593: 3568: 3546: 3522: 3501: 3496:www.mobitel.lk 3483: 3469: 3451: 3425: 3399: 3373: 3347: 3329: 3310: 3283: 3257: 3221: 3194: 3169: 3143: 3117: 3091: 3065: 3037: 3015: 2987: 2962: 2940: 2922: 2894: 2876: 2858: 2836: 2810: 2789: 2762: 2735: 2717: 2699: 2673: 2648: 2623: 2597: 2572: 2550: 2522: 2496: 2473: 2447: 2420: 2393: 2366: 2347: 2317: 2287: 2265: 2247: 2221: 2198: 2176: 2150: 2125: 2098: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2056: 2053:NarrowBand IoT 2050: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2029: 2019: 2013: 2008: 2001: 1998: 1980: 1977: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1942: 1939: 1930:wideband audio 1922:Fraunhofer IIS 1907: 1904: 1868: 1867: 1862:Main article: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1821:Voice over LTE 1819:Main article: 1816: 1792: 1789: 1788: 1787: 1776: 1770: 1763: 1732: 1721: 1718: 1703: 1687: 1672: 1661: 1651: 1648: 1633: 1599: 1596: 1576:Alcatel-Lucent 1473:Datang Telecom 1464: 1461: 1397:Datang Telecom 1377: 1374: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1345: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1322: 1318: 1317: 1314: 1299: 1295: 1294: 1291: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1153: 1138: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1116: 1115: 1108: 1102: 1099:Telus Mobility 1096: 1088:Telus Mobility 1084: 1073: 1070: 1062: 1055: 1040: 1033:Telecom Italia 1029: 1012:Main article: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1004: 993: 985: 970: 967:Alcatel-Lucent 954: 939: 932:Alcatel-Lucent 928: 917: 897:(in Oslo) and 867: 856: 849:Alcatel-Lucent 845: 838:Alcatel-Lucent 834: 823: 816: 813:Alcatel-Lucent 809: 806:LG Electronics 798: 795: 794: 793: 787: 784:Alcatel-Lucent 780: 763: 752: 745: 738:LG Electronics 734: 731: 730: 729: 719: 705: 699: 689: 675: 672: 645: 638: 631: 624: 617:Nokia Networks 613: 592: 589: 587: 584: 416:radio spectrum 318: 315: 311:WiMAX-Advanced 266: 263: 235:mobile devices 209: 208: 206: 205: 198: 191: 183: 180: 179: 173: 172: 170: 169: 164: 150: 132: 114: 95: 92: 91: 87: 86: 84: 83: 73: 67: 64: 63: 59: 58: 52: 51: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8252: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8212: 8210: 8193: 8190: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8077: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7988: 7984: 7980: 7973: 7968: 7966: 7961: 7959: 7954: 7953: 7950: 7938: 7930: 7928: 7920: 7918: 7910: 7908: 7898: 7897: 7894: 7887: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7795: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7773: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7652:Code-division 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7637:Time-division 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7620: 7616: 7610: 7607: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563:and switching 7561: 7557: 7549: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7515: 7514:optical fiber 7512: 7511: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7504:Coaxial cable 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7491: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7419:Radia Perlman 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7309:Lee de Forest 7307: 7305: 7304:Thomas Edison 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7294:Donald Davies 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7279:Claude Chappe 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7141: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7123:Smoke signals 7121: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7101:Semiconductor 7099: 7095: 7092: 7091: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6960:Digital media 6958: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6881: 6876: 6874: 6869: 6867: 6862: 6861: 6858: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6822: 6815: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6805: 6803: 6799: 6793: 6790: 6787: 6784: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6770: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6741: 6737: 6736:IEEE 802.15.3 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6713: 6710: 6707: 6704: 6701: 6698: 6697: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6661: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6560:Digital radio 6558: 6557: 6555: 6551: 6542: 6537: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6523: 6522: 6519: 6509: 6498: 6486: 6480: 6477: 6473: 6472:Wi-Fi Calling 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6449: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6432:NGMN Alliance 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6392: 6391: 6388: 6386: 6383: 6379: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6368: 6367: 6364: 6360: 6357: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6339: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6298: 6295: 6294: 6292: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6252: 6249: 6246: 6241: 6237: 6225: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6202: 6195: 6192: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6175: 6172: 6169: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6137: 6131: 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4926: 4925: 4917: 4911: 4908: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4882: 4867: 4861: 4858: 4849: 4845: 4838: 4831: 4828: 4816: 4812: 4805: 4802: 4789: 4783: 4780: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4754: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4735:Wireless Week 4731: 4724: 4721: 4709: 4708: 4703: 4696: 4693: 4681: 4680: 4679:Light Reading 4675: 4668: 4665: 4652: 4648: 4647: 4642: 4635: 4632: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4607: 4604: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4576: 4564: 4563:The 3G4G Blog 4560: 4553: 4550: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4525: 4522: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4496: 4484: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4455: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4414: 4411: 4398: 4394: 4393: 4388: 4381: 4378: 4366: 4365: 4360: 4353: 4350: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4312: 4311:Total Telecom 4308: 4301: 4298: 4286: 4285: 4280: 4273: 4270: 4258: 4254: 4253:Caixin Online 4250: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4235: 4222: 4218: 4212: 4210: 4206: 4193: 4192: 4187: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4173: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4147: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4120: 4117: 4105: 4101: 4094: 4091: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4066: 4063: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4019: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3962: 3950: 3949: 3948:Light Reading 3944: 3937: 3934: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3847: 3845: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3822: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3794: 3793: 3785: 3778: 3775: 3762: 3758: 3752: 3749: 3737: 3731: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3710: 3705: 3699: 3696: 3683: 3679: 3678:"About TELUS" 3673: 3670: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3641: 3638: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3611: 3608: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3582: 3578: 3572: 3569: 3556: 3550: 3547: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3511: 3505: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3487: 3484: 3479: 3473: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3452: 3439: 3435: 3429: 3426: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3387: 3383: 3377: 3374: 3361: 3357: 3356:"ST-Ericsson" 3351: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3284: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3258: 3253: 3247: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3209: 3205: 3198: 3195: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3157: 3153: 3147: 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LTE World 4431:December 9, 4221:TT Magazine 4098:Ian Poole. 4000:Ian Poole. 3895:December 9, 3864:December 9, 3819:China Daily 3319:"NetCom 4G" 3303:October 21, 2515:October 28, 2240:October 28, 2214:October 28, 2169:October 28, 2118:December 3, 1880:Google Talk 1791:Voice calls 1682:systems by 1489:ST-Ericsson 1421:ST-Ericsson 1265:Netherlands 1150:South Korea 1093:Yellowknife 1044:TeliaSonera 921:ST-Ericsson 879:TeliaSonera 712:ST-Ericsson 696:ST-Ericsson 694:EMP (later 495:in Canada, 443:TeliaSonera 283:Advanced 4G 265:Terminology 8209:Categories 8172:Muni Wi-Fi 8063:Power-line 7865:Antarctica 7824:Toasternet 7746:Television 7229:Paul Baran 7161:Television 7145:(teletype) 7138:Telegraphy 7116:transistor 7094:Phryctoria 7064:Photophone 7042:Smartphone 7032:Mass media 6120:Flash-OFDM 5464:1107143217 5224:WiseHarbor 4165:January 9, 4139:January 9, 4109:January 9, 4083:January 9, 4055:9 December 4011:January 9, 3954:January 9, 3827:January 9, 3792:Opensignal 3539:October 2, 2692:August 12, 2637:. Motorola 2139:. Motorola 2094:References 1987:'s (ETSI) 1945:See also: 1902:the call. 1715:macrocells 1602:See also: 1025:Telefónica 960:(MTS) and 635:NTT Docomo 606:NTT Docomo 550:(FDD) and 540:bandwidths 501:SK Telecom 499:in Japan, 497:au by KDDI 458:, and the 431:NTT Docomo 321:See also: 129:3.9G/3.95G 8177:Satellite 8088:Bluetooth 8068:Broadband 8043:IEEE 1901 7849:Americas 7838:Locations 7809:Internet2 7570:Bandwidth 7274:Vint Cerf 7171:streaming 7149:Telephone 7089:Semaphore 6980:streaming 6845:Microwave 6712:Satellite 6663:Standards 6220:WiMax 2.1 6075:CDMA2000 5568:standards 5444:F. 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