490:
377:, selectable by a switch mounted on the right side of the dial, allowing one to silence the chimes if desired. As a result of adding chime sequences, all modern mechanical longcase clocks have three weights instead of only two. The left weight provides power for the hour strike, the middle-weight provides power for the clock's pendulum and general timekeeping functions, and the right weight provides power for the quarter-hour chime sequences.
279:(also called a "Royal" pendulum) meaning that each swing (or half-period) takes one second. They are about 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) long (to the centre of the bob), requiring a long, narrow case. That case pre-dated the anchor clock by a few decades, appearing in clocks in 1660, to allow a long drop for the powering weights. However, once the seconds pendulum began to be used, the long case proved perfect for housing it as well.
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In the early 20th century, quarter-hour chime sequences were added to longcase clocks. A full chime sequence sounds at the top of each hour, immediately followed by the hour strike. At 15 minutes after each hour, 1/4 of the chime sequence plays. Proceeding that, at the bottom of each hour, 1/2 of the
351:
Cable clocks are wound by inserting a special crank (called a "key") into holes in the clock's face and turning it. Others, however, are chain-driven, meaning that the weights are suspended by chains that wrap around gears in the clock's mechanism, with the other end of the chain hanging down next to
340:
clocks have eight-day mechanical quarter chiming and full hour striking movements. Most longcase clocks are cable-driven, meaning that cables suspend the weights. If the cable was attached directly to the weight, the load would cause rotation and untwist the cable strands, so the cable wraps around a
422:
Production of these clocks began in 1680 and continued for about 230 years. During the peak production years (1850–1890) over 60,000 clocks were made each year. These clocks were trendy across the generations; they kept the time on farms throughout France. Many
Comtoise clocks can be found in France
117:
The
English clockmaker William Clement is credited with developing the form in 1670. Pendulum clocks were the world's most accurate timekeeping technology until the early 20th century, and longcase clocks, due to their superior accuracy, served as time standards for households and businesses. Today,
272:
The anchor mechanism reduced the pendulum's swing to around 4 to 6 degrees, allowing clockmakers to use longer pendulums, which had slower "beats". They consumed less power, allowing clocks to run longer between windings, caused less friction and wear in the movement, and were more accurate. Almost
109:
held inside the tower or waist of the case. Clocks of this style are commonly 1.8–2.4 metres (6–8 feet) tall with an enclosed pendulum and weights, suspended by either cables or chains, which have to be occasionally calibrated to keep the proper time. The case often features elaborately carved
300:
Between 1680 and 1800, the average price of a grandfather clock in
England remained steady at £1 10s. In 1680, that was the amount paid by an average working family for a year's rent, so the purchase of clocks was confined to the wealthy. But by 1800, wages had increased enough to allow many lower
339:
By contrast, 30-hour clocks often had a single weight to drive the timekeeping and striking mechanisms. Some 30-hour clocks were made with false keyholes for customers who wanted guests to think that the household was able to afford the more expensive eight-day clock. All modern striking longcase
332:: eight-day and one-day (30-hour) movements. A clock with an eight-day movement required winding only once a week, while generally less-expensive 30-hour clocks had to be wound daily. Eight-day clocks are often driven by two weights – one driving the pendulum and the other the
192:, England. When he asked about the clock, he was informed that it had had two owners. After the first owner died, the clock became inaccurate, and when the second owner died, the clock stopped working altogether. The story inspired Henry to create the song.
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427:, less in the United States. Many Comtoise clocks were also exported to other countries in Europe and even farther, to the Ottoman Empire and as far as Thailand. A wooden sheath usually protected the metal mechanisms during transport.
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419:(hence their name). Features distinguishing this style are a curving "potbellied" case and a greater use of curved lines. A heavy, elongated, highly ornamented pendulum bob often extends up the case (see photo).
374:
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mechanism, which required very wide pendulum swings of about 80–100 degrees. Long pendulums with such wide swings could not be fitted within a case, so most free-standing clocks had short pendulums.
195:
Grandfather clocks are of a certain height, usually at least 1.9 metres (6 ft 3 in). There are also so-called "grandmother" and "granddaughter" clocks, which are slightly shorter.
1069:
Grandfather's clock , a furniture-dealer's name for the kind of weight-and-pendulum eight-day clock in a tall case, formerly in common use; also grandfather clock (now the usual name):
41:
8-day longcase clock. This example dates back to 1700 and the case to late 19th – early 20th century. The original dial of this clock was replaced by a brass dial with
282:
British clockmaker
William Clement, who disputed credit for the anchor escapement with Robert Hooke, had made the first longcase clocks by 1680. Later the same year,
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264:
202:
is 35 feet 10 inches (10.92 m) tall and is fully operational, with chimes on each quarter hour. It was made by
Svoboda Industries in 1976 as a
365:
chime sequence plays. Then finally, at 15 minutes before each hour, 3/4 of the chime sequence plays. The chime tune used in almost all longcase clocks is
1328:
2056:
1892:
263:
286:, the most prominent British clockmaker, was making them too. Longcase clocks spread rapidly from England to other European countries and Asia.
1521:
336:, which usually consisted of a bell or chimes. Such movements usually have two keyholes, one on each side of the dial, to wind each weight.
31:
1411:
1338:
1254:
1241:
Time's
Pendulum: From Sundials to Atomic Clocks, the Fascinating History of Timekeeping and how Our Discoveries Changed the World
262:
2006:
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and weights. The two chains attached to the weights and the lack of winding holes in the dial show this to be a 30-hour clock.
1885:
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Ilmajoki Museum is
Masters of Könni manufactured horse vehicles, clocks, looms, locks, tools, machine of gear "keervärkki"
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1968:
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work with floral meanders. The lower part of the case depicts mythological scenes and the case was manufactured at the
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Maker: Benjamin
Bagnall Sr. (British, active in Boston, Massachusetts, America, 1689-1773). DATE: 1730–1745
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Harry
Williams – Oxford Cabinet Company Pty Ltd (1946–1961), Granville, New South Wales, Australia
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numerals, perhaps around the same time as the case. The original long-case was also replaced by a
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The first longcase clocks, like all clocks prior to the anchor escapement, had only one hand; an
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Bornholm clock-making began in the 1740s when an
English ship, which had longcase clocks in its
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and as a result of his repair of them he learned enough about clocks to begin to make his own.
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in about 1658. Before adopting the anchor mechanism, pendulum clock movements used an older
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is responsible for the common name "grandfather clock" being applied to the longcase clock.
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Modern longcase clocks use a more accurate variation of the anchor escapement called the
1217:
1193:. Vol. 22, no. 2. Inst. of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. Archived from
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1272:"The Long Case Clock: The science and engineering that goes into a grandfather clock"
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293:. The increased accuracy made possible by the anchor motivated the addition of the
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of that arrangement also doubles the running time allowed by a given weight drop.
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Lateral view of a longcase clock movement without striking mechanism, mid-1800s
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ornamentation on the hood (or bonnet), which surrounds and frames the dial, or
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from 1745 to 1900. In Sweden a special variety of longcase clocks was made in
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187. Tall Clock: Boston, 1725-1740: Movement by Benjamin Bagnall (1689-1773)
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but they are also frequently found in Spain, Germany, and other parts of
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is master of Jaakko Könni manufactured table clocks and pocket watches
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Safford, Frances Gruber; Heckscher, Morrison H.; Rogers, Mary-Alice;
1157:"Kewaunee Area Chamber of Commerce World's Tallest Grandfather Clock"
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356:, lifting the weights until they are just under the clock's face.
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The advent of the longcase clock was due to the invention of the
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1054:
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Ellis Houlgrave (1759 – 1793), son of Edward Houlgrave, b.
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Traditionally, longcase clocks were made with two types of
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Most of a longcase clock's height is used to hold the long
257:
longcase clock movement with striking mechanism, circa 1730
1083:"Difference Between a Grandfather & Grandmother Clock"
497:
in Poland, mounted with use of imported components marked
415:, are a style of longcase clock made in the French region
493:
Longcase clock from about 1750 in the District Museum in
184:, who discovered a longcase clock in The George Hotel in
1499:
352:
the weight. To wind a chain-driven longcase clock, one
53:
style. The front and the side panels are done in metal
1133:"World's Tallest Grandfather Clock | Travel Wisconsin"
1187:"Origin and Evolution of the Anchor Clock Escapement"
1108:"Grandfather Clock History and what you need to know"
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2198:
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1967:
1908:
1792:
1710:
1620:
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301:middle-class households to own grandfather clocks.
1238:
27:A tall, freestanding, weight-driven pendulum clock
1310:. New York: Frederick A. Stokes Company. p.
1005:Pendulum swinging on a grandfather clock in Japan
930:Aaron Brokaw (1768–1853), Bridge Town, New Jersey
439:Bornholm clock made by Edvart Sonne, from Rønne,
180:The song was composed by the American songwriter
1058:(available online to subscribers, also in print)
473:, was stranded. They were sent for repair to a
118:they are kept mainly for their decorative and
1515:
609:John Clement & Son (Tring, Hertfordshire)
8:
2205:
1579:
1522:
1508:
1500:
1219:A Treatise on Watch-Work, Past and Present
1180:
1178:
1176:
969:Zachariah Grandfather Clocks (1975–1987),
581:William Bucknall, Burslem (Stoke-on-Trent)
101:) is a tall, freestanding, weight-driven
1299:
1297:
297:to clock faces in the next few decades.
1282:. Viterbi School of Engineering, USC: 4
1046:
344:mounted to the top of each weight. The
1441:
1431:
1330:The Origins of the Consumer Revolution
1245:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp.
1030:(owned now by Howard Miller Clock Co.)
268:The "tick-tock" of a grandfather clock
1362:"Nantwich Clockmakers: Enoch Hawksey"
1222:. London: E.& F.N. Spon. p.
7:
2456:
1036:- (reopened under the Colibri Group)
936:(1746–1826), Bridge Town, New Jersey
647:Thomas Hackney, London, c. 1700–1750
975:Daniel White Griswold (1767-1844),
697:Edward Houlgrave (1739 – 1789), b.
49:-shaped wooden carved case done in
159:states that the popular 1876 song
32:Grandfather Clock (disambiguation)
25:
454:longcase clocks and were made on
217:Clock-face signature of Tim Mason
200:world's tallest grandfather clock
122:value, having been superseded by
2455:
2446:
2445:
1487:
1333:. Joanne Sear. 17 January 2020.
572:Samuel Bowles, Wimbourne, Dorset
565:Joseph Bowles, Winbourne (i.e.:
369:. Many also offer the option of
1304:Moore, N. Hudson Moore (1903).
1216:Nelthropp, H. Leonard (1873).
947:Elizabeth Township, New Jersey
924:Benjamin Bagnall (1689–1773),
354:pulls on the end of each chain
61:. This clock is on display in
1:
750:William Lassell (1758–1790),
142:Longcase clock circa 1730 by
939:Silas Merriman (1733–1805),
477:named Poul Ottesen Arboe in
360:Elaborate striking sequences
2260:Geological history of Earth
1055:"Oxford English Dictionary"
1022:Howard Miller Clock Company
673:Enoch Hawksey (d. 1799) of
632:Matthew & Thomas Dutton
2503:
1612:Orders of magnitude (time)
1400:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1390:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1270:Chappell, Jessica (2000).
1237:Barnett, Jo Ellen (1999).
1185:Headrick, Michael (2002).
1112:grandfather-clock-info.com
896:Finnish Museum of Horology
765:Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
273:all longcase clocks use a
206:project and is located in
174:Timothy Mason (clockmaker)
148:Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
144:Timothy Mason (clockmaker)
63:The Prince of Wales Museum
29:
2441:
2323:Time translation symmetry
1034:Seth Thomas Clock Company
156:Oxford English Dictionary
1191:Control Systems magazine
485:Historical manufacturers
2278:Absolute space and time
1929:Astronomical chronology
945:Aaron Miller ( –1778),
681:, active c. 1779 – 1799
2328:Time reversal symmetry
1632:Italian six-hour clock
1316:william clement clock.
1307:The Old Furniture Book
1006:
977:Harwinton, Connecticut
965:Roxbury, Massachusetts
941:New Haven, Connecticut
569:), Dorset; active 1791
506:
499:Wiliam Jourdain London
444:
390:
325:
269:
258:
231:
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177:
172:Clock face circa 1730
162:My Grandfather's Clock
150:
74:
2093:Time and fate deities
2038:The Unreality of Time
1977:A series and B series
1010:Current manufacturers
1004:
912:Ansonia Clock Company
799:John Trubshaw, London
562:, Redlynch, Wiltshire
492:
438:
388:
319:
267:
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229:
216:
171:
141:
59:Madras School of Arts
40:
2344:Chronological dating
2313:Theory of relativity
1657:Daylight saving time
1496:at Wikimedia Commons
1462:Dallas Museum of Art
1406:. pp. 290–291.
983:Australian casemaker
916:Ansonia, Connecticut
528:Allam & Clements
375:St. Michael's chimes
367:Westminster Quarters
346:mechanical advantage
30:For other uses, see
1637:Thai six-hour clock
1197:on October 25, 2009
857:W Egan & Sons,
747:, Oxford and London
602:Woodbridge, Suffolk
306:deadbeat escapement
208:Kewaunee, Wisconsin
91:grandfather's clock
69:and was donated by
2167:Rosy retrospection
2145:Mental chronometry
1969:Philosophy of time
1007:
920:Brooklyn, New York
869:Alexander Gordon,
769:Alexander Miller,
665:Barrow upon Humber
620:Richard Donisthorp
507:
445:
391:
371:Whittington chimes
334:striking mechanism
326:
270:
259:
253:Lateral view of a
232:
219:
178:
151:
75:
2469:
2468:
2379:
2378:
2354:Circadian rhythms
2172:Tense–aspect–mood
2027:Temporal finitism
1904:
1903:
1880:Grandfather clock
1492:Media related to
1460:. Dallas, Texas:
1454:"Tall Case Clock"
1002:
971:Chicago, Illinois
863:Ezekiel Bullock,
816:Thomas Worswick,
650:Edward Harrison,
606:Thomas Cartwright
501:and adorned with
443:in the late 1700s
431:Bornholm and Mora
265:
236:anchor escapement
79:grandfather clock
16:(Redirected from
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2366:Glottochronology
2206:
2122:Human experience
1982:B-theory of time
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1398:. New York: The
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838:Stephen Harris,
725:Thomas Husband,
635:Peter Fearnley,
584:Thomas Bullock,
552:Thomas Birchall
537:William Barrow,
401:, also known as
276:seconds pendulum
266:
244:verge escapement
21:
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2487:Longcase clocks
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2428:Time immemorial
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2332:
2293:Coordinate time
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2218:Geological time
2194:
2177:Time management
2140:Generation time
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1494:Longcase clocks
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1028:Ridgeway Clocks
1012:
992:
887:Könnin mestarit
793:John Snelling,
685:Nathaniel Hedge
641:John Fernhill,
612:Thomas Dobbie,
590:Samuel Buxton,
575:Robert Bryson,
531:Samuel Ashton,
487:
448:Bornholm clocks
433:
399:Comtoise clocks
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314:
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182:Henry Clay Work
176:of Gainsborough
136:
87:tall-case clock
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2371:Time geography
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2361:Clock reaction
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2160:time signature
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2032:Temporal parts
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2024:
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2004:
2002:Eternal return
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1994:
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1987:Chronocentrism
1984:
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1482:External links
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83:longcase clock
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18:Longcase clock
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2018:
2015:
2013:
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1949:Periodization
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1652:Relative hour
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1647:24-hour clock
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1016:Hermle Clocks
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978:
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963:(1753–1848),
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961:Simon Willard
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825:Henry Young,
824:
822:Thomas Wright
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809:James Woolley
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787:Thomas Ross,
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761:Timothy Mason
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255:Timothy Mason
251:
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238:mechanism by
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190:County Durham
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130:timekeepers.
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39:
33:
19:
2423:Time capsule
2417:Tempus fugit
2415:
2337:Other fields
2036:
2017:Perdurantism
1939:Calendar era
1891:
1884:
1879:
1870:Cuckoo clock
1807:astronomical
1781:
1607:Unit of time
1538:Key concepts
1471:
1465:. Retrieved
1457:
1426:Google Books
1424:– via
1404:Random House
1394:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1365:
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1329:
1323:
1315:
1306:
1284:. Retrieved
1279:
1275:
1265:
1240:
1232:
1218:
1211:
1199:. Retrieved
1195:the original
1190:
1164:. Retrieved
1160:
1151:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:
1076:
1068:
1061:. Retrieved
1049:
1024:– Zeeland MI
1018:– Amherst VA
982:
981:
952:Luman Watson
934:Isaac Brokaw
905:
904:
876:
875:
851:
850:
783:Daniel Quare
745:Joseph Knibb
712:, active in
701:, active in
628:Loughborough
518:or Alker of
509:
508:
498:
468:
447:
446:
421:
409:
402:
398:
397:
363:
350:
338:
327:
303:
299:
288:
281:
274:
271:
240:Robert Hooke
233:
204:Bicentennial
197:
194:
186:Piercebridge
179:
160:
154:
152:
116:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
76:
51:South Indian
2433:Time travel
2411:System time
2318:Time domain
2303:Proper time
2127:use of time
2098:Father Time
2078:Immortality
2068:Ages of Man
1997:Endurantism
1954:Regnal year
1934:Big History
1863:water-based
1762:Solar Hijri
1672:Hexadecimal
1622:Measurement
1584:Chronometry
1570:Measurement
1458:Collections
1442:|work=
882:Masters of
832:John Wyld,
598:John Calver
560:Peter Bower
503:chinoiserie
464:Mora clocks
312:Description
295:minute hand
105:, with the
99:floor clock
2476:Categories
2135:Chronemics
2110:Kalachakra
2022:Presentism
2007:Eternalism
1913:Chronology
1851:mechanical
1802:Main types
1720:Main types
1467:2019-01-02
1346:4 February
1166:2023-08-02
1142:2023-08-02
1041:References
956:Cincinnati
834:Nottingham
779:, Scotland
741:and London
735:John Knibb
689:Colchester
652:Warrington
626:1797), of
556:, Cheshire
524:Lancashire
516:John Alker
112:clock face
95:hall clock
71:Dorab Tata
2391:Leap year
2308:Spacetime
2182:Yesterday
2083:Dreamtime
2057:Mythology
1944:Deep time
1856:stopwatch
1831:hourglass
1812:astrarium
1742:Gregorian
1735:Lunisolar
1712:Calendars
1702:Time zone
1575:standards
1444:ignored (
1434:cite book
1063:April 19,
906:Americans
840:Tonbridge
829:, Norfolk
818:Lancaster
756:Liverpool
721:Edinburgh
710:Liverpool
699:Liverpool
661:Wakefield
616:, Glasgow
594:, Norfolk
577:Edinburgh
567:Wimbourne
533:Ashbourne
462:, called
291:hour hand
2451:Category
2199:Time in
2190:Tomorrow
2052:Religion
1992:Duration
1959:Timeline
1893:Timeline
1692:Sidereal
1560:Eternity
1422:11971332
1392:(1985).
1372:27 March
1286:June 19,
891:Ilmajoki
846:Llanrwst
827:Swaffham
777:Stirling
775:Peddie,
771:Montrose
705:c. 1780s
679:Cheshire
675:Nantwich
554:Nantwich
548:Somerset
456:Bornholm
441:Bornholm
394:Comtoise
330:movement
322:pendulum
107:pendulum
81:(also a
55:repoussé
2461:Commons
2384:Related
2298:Instant
2288:Chronon
2270:Physics
2210:Geology
2201:science
2073:Destiny
1918:History
1886:History
1841:sundial
1824:quantum
1767:Chinese
1757:Islamic
1667:Decimal
1662:Chinese
1624:systems
1550:Present
1276:Illumin
1201:June 6,
1161:chamber
877:Finnish
804:Bristol
802:Warry,
752:Toxteth
691:, Essex
643:Wrexham
614:Gorbals
510:British
404:Morbier
128:digital
120:antique
47:mandapa
2401:Moment
2396:Memory
2248:period
1836:marine
1819:atomic
1794:Clocks
1752:Hebrew
1747:Julian
1682:Metric
1555:Future
1420:
1410:
1368:. 2024
1337:
1253:
1087:hunker
926:Boston
871:Dublin
865:Lurgan
812:Codnor
754:Park,
739:Oxford
714:London
703:London
694:Holmes
669:London
539:London
505:motifs
495:Tarnów
475:turner
452:Danish
425:Europe
413:clocks
406:clocks
342:pulley
222:Origin
134:Naming
124:analog
67:Mumbai
2406:Space
2238:epoch
2228:chron
2186:Today
2155:tempo
2150:Music
2012:Event
1846:watch
1730:Lunar
1725:Solar
1697:Solar
1687:Roman
1677:Hindu
1247:91–92
884:Könni
852:Irish
795:Alton
637:Wigan
520:Wigan
479:Rønne
411:Morez
381:Types
43:Tamil
2125:and
2088:Kāla
1783:List
1777:Maya
1573:and
1545:Past
1531:Time
1451:(2)
1446:help
1418:OCLC
1408:ISBN
1402:and
1386:(1)
1374:2024
1348:2020
1335:ISBN
1288:2008
1251:ISBN
1203:2007
1119:2019
1094:2019
1065:2009
918:and
859:Cork
789:Hull
727:Hull
592:Diss
471:hold
460:Mora
450:are
198:The
153:The
126:and
2243:era
2233:eon
2223:age
1602:TAI
1592:UTC
1312:205
624:fl.
408:or
373:or
146:of
97:or
65:in
2478::
2188:–
2184:–
1597:UT
1470:.
1456:.
1438::
1436:}}
1432:{{
1416:.
1364:.
1314:.
1296:^
1278:.
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1224:84
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1175:^
1159:.
1135:.
1110:.
1085:.
1067:.
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1428:.
1376:.
1350:.
1290:.
1280:1
1259:.
1226:.
1205:.
1169:.
1145:.
1121:.
1096:.
667:/
663:/
622:(
73:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
