96:
longeron system also requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in or 10 to 15 cm). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) and are placed just between two formers/frames, then they are called "stringers". In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in or 38 to 51 cm). Generally, longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. On large modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because it is more weight-efficient, despite being more complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft use a combination of both stringers and longerons.
73:
31:
88:(also called frames) and run in the longitudinal direction of the aircraft. They are primarily responsible for transferring the aerodynamic loads acting on the skin onto the frames and formers. In the wings or horizontal stabilizer, longerons run spanwise (from wing root to wing tip) and attach between the
95:
Sometimes the terms "longeron" and "stringer" are used interchangeably. Historically, though, there is a subtle difference between the two terms. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are few in number (usually 4 to 8) and run all along the fuselage length, then they are called "longerons". The
107:, where they carry a portion of the fuselage bending moment through axial loading. It is not uncommon to have a mixture of longerons and stringers in the same major structural component.
237:
325:
99:
Longerons often carry larger loads than stringers and also help to transfer skin loads to internal structure. Longerons nearly always attach to frames or
902:
276:
942:
897:
842:
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1123:
967:
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460:
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92:. The primary function here also is to transfer the bending loads acting on the wings onto the ribs and spar.
1235:
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100:
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131:
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1006:
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727:
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658:
628:
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430:
400:
360:
64:. Longerons are used in conjunction with stringers to form structural frameworks.
303:
1153:
1036:
752:
608:
39:
1143:
1031:
1026:
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58:
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510:
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385:
34:
Interior of a Boeing/Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers
1113:
1086:
1061:
827:
807:
668:
598:
515:
410:
346:
17:
887:
538:
520:
445:
61:
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475:
405:
85:
201:
1016:
618:
470:
77:
71:
29:
127:
307:
103:. Stringers often are not attached to anything but the
277:"Falcon 9 Launch Vehicle Payload User's Guide, Rev 2"
202:"Reconnaisance [sic] aircraft design project"
115:
Stringers are also used in the construction of some
1183:
1162:
1095:
991:
826:
692:
529:
345:
84:In an aircraft fuselage, stringers are attached to
239:Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures
319:
282:. 21 October 2015. p. 11. Archived from
53:The term is commonly used in connection with
8:
175:"Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge"
134:tanks, on both the first and second stages.
50:is a load-bearing component of a framework.
245:. Tri-State Offset Company. p. C11.29.
326:
312:
304:
142:
218:
207:
126:launch vehicle uses stringers in the
76:Longerons, struts and stringers in a
27:Load-bearing component of a framework
7:
265:. Conmilit Press LTD. p. 376.
25:
179:Federal Aviation Administration
1236:In-flight entertainment system
933:Horizontal situation indicator
1:
1216:Environmental control system
1298:
893:Course deviation indicator
584:Electro-hydraulic actuator
259:Airframe Structural Design
256:Michael C. Y. Niu (1988).
1124:Conventional landing gear
122:tanks. For example, the
908:Flight management system
1211:Emergency oxygen system
973:Turn and slip indicator
768:Leading-edge droop flap
738:Drag-reducing aerospike
713:Adaptive compliant wing
708:Active Aeroelastic Wing
80:type fuselage structure
1282:Mechanical engineering
1251:Passenger service unit
1052:Self-sealing fuel tank
948:Multi-function display
217:Cite journal requires
130:tanks, but not in the
81:
35:
1231:Ice protection system
1149:Tricycle landing gear
1139:Landing gear extender
356:Aft pressure bulkhead
111:Space launch vehicles
75:
33:
1196:Auxiliary power unit
604:Flight control modes
236:Bruhn, E. F (1973).
1277:Aircraft components
1175:Escape crew capsule
1082:War emergency power
953:Pitot–static system
798:Variable-sweep wing
506:Vertical stabilizer
155:The Free Dictionary
883:Attitude indicator
863:Airspeed indicator
858:Aircraft periscope
82:
55:aircraft fuselages
36:
1264:
1263:
1191:Aircraft lavatory
928:Heading indicator
873:Annunciator panel
853:Air data computer
763:Leading-edge cuff
181:. August 24, 2016
16:(Redirected from
1289:
1246:Navigation light
1226:Hydraulic system
1201:Bleed air system
1129:Drogue parachute
803:Vortex generator
421:Interplane strut
328:
321:
314:
305:
299:
298:
296:
294:
289:on 14 March 2017
288:
281:
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21:
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1296:
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1287:
1286:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:Ram air turbine
1221:Flight recorder
1179:
1158:
1091:
1072:Thrust reversal
996:
987:
958:Radar altimeter
923:Head-up display
833:
822:
718:Anti-shock body
700:
688:
549:Artificial feel
531:Flight controls
525:
391:Fabric covering
341:
337:components and
332:
302:
292:
290:
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159:
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149:
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144:
140:
128:kerosene (RP-1)
113:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:Landing lights
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1164:
1163:Escape systems
1160:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
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1103:
1101:arresting gear
1093:
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1079:
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1069:
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1057:Splitter plate
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438:
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428:
423:
418:
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408:
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398:
393:
388:
383:
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376:Cruciform tail
373:
371:Crack arrestor
368:
363:
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316:
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219:|journal=
192:
166:
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117:launch vehicle
112:
109:
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26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
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3:
2:
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1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1184:Other systems
1182:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1170:Ejection seat
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1132:
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1117:
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1114:Arrestor hook
1112:
1110:
1109:Aircraft tire
1107:
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916:
914:
913:Glass cockpit
911:
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879:
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849:
848:Air data boom
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629:Rudder pedals
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486:Trailing edge
484:
482:
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466:Stressed skin
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211:
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135:
133:
132:liquid oxygen
129:
125:
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87:
79:
74:
67:
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60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1206:Deicing boot
1134:Landing gear
1077:Townend ring
1067:Thrust lever
1042:NACA cowling
1007:Autothrottle
999:fuel systems
997:devices and
788:Stall strips
758:Krueger flap
728:Channel wing
674:Wing warping
664:Stick shaker
659:Stick pusher
579:Dual control
564:Centre stick
440:
431:Leading edge
401:Flying wires
361:Cabane strut
291:. Retrieved
284:the original
271:
258:
251:
238:
231:
210:cite journal
200:V, Vignesh.
195:
183:. Retrieved
169:
158:. Retrieved
154:
145:
114:
98:
94:
83:
52:
47:
43:
37:
1154:Tundra tire
1037:Intake ramp
968:Transponder
753:Gurney flap
694:Aerodynamic
609:Fly-by-wire
491:Triple tail
40:engineering
1271:Categories
1144:Oleo strut
1032:Inlet cone
1027:Gascolator
993:Propulsion
983:Yaw string
978:Variometer
834:instrument
813:Wing fence
748:Gouge flap
723:Blown flap
679:Yaw damper
654:Stabilator
639:Side-stick
574:Dive brake
461:Stabilizer
436:Lift strut
426:Jury strut
293:29 January
185:16 January
160:2018-05-15
151:"Longeron"
138:References
120:propellant
59:automobile
1119:Autobrake
1047:NACA duct
1022:Fuel tank
1012:Drop tank
995:controls,
878:Astrodome
868:Altimeter
733:Dog-tooth
698:high-lift
649:Spoileron
634:Servo tab
614:Gust lock
569:Deceleron
554:Autopilot
511:Wing root
496:Twin tail
481:Tailplane
416:Hardpoint
386:Empennage
349:structure
18:Longerons
1087:Wet wing
1062:Throttle
808:Vortilon
669:Trim tab
599:Flaperon
589:Elevator
544:Airbrake
516:Wing tip
441:Longeron
411:Fuselage
347:Airframe
335:Aircraft
124:Falcon 9
68:Aircraft
48:stringer
44:longeron
1097:Landing
888:Compass
836:systems
828:Avionic
818:Winglet
701:devices
644:Spoiler
539:Aileron
521:Wingbox
446:Nacelle
396:Fairing
339:systems
86:formers
62:chassis
832:flight
793:Strake
624:Rudder
594:Elevon
559:Canard
501:V-tail
476:T-tail
406:Former
366:Canopy
1017:FADEC
903:EICAS
778:Slats
619:HOTAS
471:Strut
287:(PDF)
280:(PDF)
263:(PDF)
243:(PDF)
78:truss
1099:and
963:TCAS
943:ISIS
898:EFIS
843:ACAS
830:and
783:Slot
743:Flap
696:and
684:Yoke
456:Spar
381:Dope
295:2016
223:help
187:2023
105:skin
101:ribs
90:ribs
57:and
42:, a
938:INS
918:GPS
773:LEX
451:Rib
46:or
38:In
1273::
214::
212:}}
208:{{
177:.
153:.
327:e
320:t
313:v
297:.
225:)
221:(
204:.
189:.
163:.
20:)
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