657:
since he knew that the Bon community in India was in a needful state and facing discrimination from other fellow
Tibetans. The 32nd Menri Trizin, head of Menri Monastery, had just died and his successor had not yet been appointed. There was no spiritual head of the Bonpos at that time, making it more difficult to contact the community. So through some searching and some information he got from some CTA officials, he met Tenzin Namdak in Delhi (Hauz Khas). There he discussed with Tenzin Namdak about the difficulty faced by the Bon community. Hence he made the blueprint of the Tibetan Bonpo foundation and Tenzin Namdak was suggested as the acting director. At that time Dr. Keppler donated Rs 20000 INR for building a Bon monastery in future. Soon after Dr. Kepplar arranged funds from the
19:
69:
27:
748:
From 1970 to 1979, Tenzin Namdak continued writing and teaching while in residence at the Bönpo
Monastic Centre. Concurrently, he was engaged in the publishing of significant Bönpo texts. From 1967, when the first monks came to Dolanji, teaching had been done by Lopön Sangye Tenzin, the former head
716:
After the death of the abbot of Menri in 1963, Sherap Lodro, abbot of
Yungdrung Ling, became the spiritual head of the Bön community in exile. Sherap Lodro came to Dolanji with a band of monks who founded a new monastic community. An intimate prayer chapel and a few small houses were built. In 1969
656:
During those days a social worker named Dr. Keppler was working to help the
Dorthang Bon community of Nepal. While returning to Nepal after visiting his home he was not allowed to visit Nepal, on the accusation of cow slaughter. However he wanted to continue his service towards the Bon community,
664:
After difficulties in acquiring the land, Gungthang
Tsultrim helped register the land for the organisation "Bod kyi Bonpo Tsokpa" by including Dolanji in the organisation called Tsokpa Chuksum, in which other settlements were registered, such as the Bir settlement in Himachal and Clement Town in
1067:
collaboration with Helmut
Hoffmann, work in progress: Wörterbuch der tibetischen Schriftsprache. Im Auftrag der Kommission für zentral- und ostasiatische Studien der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Kommission beim Verlag C.H. Beck, München. 9 issues 2005–2010, to be
680:
and each received a house and a small piece of land, the size depending on size of the family. The
Tibetan Bönpo Foundation possessed its own constitution and administration. The Abbot of Menri acted as president. The new settlement at Dolanji was named Topgyel Sarpa
757:
When Sangye Tenzin died in 1978, Tenzin Namdak was assigned responsibility for the education of the younger generation of monks. By 1978 a sufficient number of Bönpo texts had been published so that a curriculum could be organized around them. Thus a
578:. Riding this exodus, Tenzin Namdak tried to reach safety in India in 1960, but was shot and captured by Chinese Communist soldiers and imprisoned for ten months. He later escaped to Nepal via the small principality of Mustang.
728:
Following the death of
Yungdrung Ling abbot, Sangye Tenzin assumed the spiritual leadership of the Bönpos. More houses were established, along with a library and abbot's residence. Monastic life was structured around the
415:
In 1933, at age seven, Tenzin Namdak went to
Tengchen and in 1941 he went to Yungdrung Monastery, where he helped execute a series of wall paintings for a new temple. In 1944 he went on pilgrimage to
766:) was established in 1978, organized under the guidance of Lopön Rinpoche who served as one of the two professors. The official name of the college is Yungdrung Bön Shedrup Lobnyer Dude (
676:
In 1967 the settlement was formally established and registered with the Indian
Government under the name of the Tibetan Bönpo Foundation. About seventy families transferred there from
661:
with the help of a friend of his who was working in the USA embassy in India, for the Bonpos to purchase a land where they could rebuild their community. Dolanji was selected.
977:
Rinpoche in those countries. During his six-month trip he presented to interested Western students the Dzogchen teaching according to the Bönpo traditions of the Atri (
710:
1007:
in New York. In this way, Tenzin Namdak spread Bönpo teachings in many countries. His permanent residences are in Kathmandu, France (Blou) and Dolanji.
1025:
Volume 3: Early Tibetan religion and culture, history of Yundgrung Bön and Bon practice, important Bon monasteries and holy sites in Tibet and Nepal.
1361:
1034:
Volume 6: Arrangement for thangka paintings of the yidam deities of the four tantric cycles along with drawings showing their position and colors.
1031:
Volume 5: Vehicles of Bön 1, 2 and method of building statues, stupas, temples, the mandalas of the four series of Tantras, methods of divination.
641:
1356:
1249:
637:. This was the first scholarly study of the Yungdrung Bon tradition conducted in the West. He stayed in England for three years, until 1964.
281:
1351:
1028:
Volume 4: Cataloges of temples and stupas, description of Tonpa Shenrab's clothing, study of his date of birth, list of lineage masters.
640:
In 1969 Tenzin Namdak made a second visit to Europe at the invitation of professor Helmut Hoffmann, where he was a visiting scholar at
563:
1080:
992:
In 1991, he visited Germany, England, the Netherlands and Italy. During his visit to these countries he spoke and taught on various
953:
in Shenten Dargye Ling with Lungtok Tenpai Nyima, 33rd Abbot of Menri and consecrated in same year the Great Stupa in Chamma Ling,
902:
However, in Dolanji students also study Tantra and Dzogchen in the college, as well as the five scriptural systems that pertain to
1192:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1129:
1115:
1101:
775:
The purpose of the college at Dolanji was to preserve the tradition of philosophy established and developed at Yeru Wensaka (
737:. The foundation for the principal temple was inaugurated in 1969 and completed in 1978 and named Pel Shenten Menri Ling (
1019:
Volume 1: History of the successive lives of Buddha Tonpa Shenrab based upon the extensive and medium length biographies
1316:
1040:
Volume 8: The first and second texts of this series explain logic. Prajna Paramita, Shinay practice, advanced Shinay.
823:
was done in private except for the philosophy college where the monks studied the five scripture system Dozhung Nga (
602:
1331:
274:
677:
658:
531:
1346:
1336:
974:
606:
144:
1321:
598:
393:
134:
738:
718:
682:
634:
618:
551:
505:. On the instruction of his teacher he commenced his studies. In 1953 he was elected to the position of
491:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
435:
401:
385:
377:
365:
357:
317:
309:
129:
717:
the successor to the abbot of Menri was established by lot and the office fell to Lungtok Tenpé Nyima (
745:). The complex was styled the Bönpo Monastic Centre and formed part of the Tibetan Bönpo Foundation.
267:
205:
930:, and so on. The college has a nine-year term of studies that prepares the student for a degree in
341:
243:
945:, west of Kathmandu, Nepal was established under Tenzin Namdak's direction. In 2005 he founded in
1341:
1055:
Volume 13: Six texts with instructions on rDzogs chen. The fifth text contains long life prayers.
1015:
The Collected Works of Menri Yongdzin Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rinpoche: Vol. 1-13 (Tibetan language)
233:
730:
18:
1266:
1245:
1188:
1167:
1153:
1139:
1136:
The Main Dzogchen Practices: From the Oral Transmission of the Great Perfection in Zhang Zhung
1125:
1111:
1097:
1076:
248:
106:
1267:"Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften – Kommission für zentral- und ostasiatische Studien"
689:) after the village of Topgyel. Most of the inhabitants in the new settlement came from the
670:
594:
567:
535:
424:
238:
228:
182:
559:
397:
200:
1213:
996:
systems and fields of study of the Bön tradition. Later that year he was invited by the
954:
853:
666:
527:
301:
177:
542:
for the Bonpo – in northern Tsang, where he remained in spiritual retreat until 1960.
1310:
1087:
Tapihritsa: The Condensed Meaning of an Explanation of the Teachings of Yungdrung Bon
690:
149:
526:
Tenzin Namdak left Menri in 1959 due to increasing conflicts between the indigenous
1326:
749:
teaching master at Menri, and assisted by Tenzin Namdak, who became his successor.
167:
52:
26:
1239:
1046:
Volume 10: Extensive study of the stages of practice of the four cycles of Tantra
630:
539:
172:
1004:
1001:
997:
993:
879:
866:
591:
502:
434:
In 1933 he returned to Yungdrung Monastery to commence studies in philosophy (
409:
942:
927:
883:
587:
428:
590:
in 1961, Tenzin Namdak was invited to London by his colleague, the English
1164:
Heart Essence of the Khandro – Experiential Instructions on Bonpo Dzogchen
970:
820:
800:
792:
337:
83:
973:
and Italy, at the invitation of the International Dzogchen Community of
446:
existence, cloistered with his tutor and guru Gangru Tsültrim Gyeltsen (
1288:
923:
919:
907:
840:
804:
420:
373:
958:
946:
895:
816:
808:
796:
734:
698:
443:
353:
329:
223:
111:
609:. The collaboration with Snellgrove resulted in the publication of
1108:
Heart Drops of Dharmakaya: Dzogchen Practice of the Bön Tradition
950:
931:
903:
812:
780:
702:
575:
571:
510:
506:
487:
416:
294:
253:
88:
42:
34:
30:
25:
17:
1185:
Heart Drops of Dharmakaya: Dzogchen Practice of the Bön Tradition
759:
706:
555:
325:
1195:(Appendix 3: Biography of Lopön Tenzin Namdak p. 147-153)
984:
978:
949:
the new bonpo Shenten Dargye Ling. In 2010 he consecrated the
937:
Another Bönpo monastery and college known as Triten Norbutse (
889:
873:
860:
847:
834:
824:
767:
694:
333:
68:
60:
38:
384:). The monastery belonged to the tradition of Yungdrung Bön (
538:
in 1950. He went to Serzhig Monastery on Lake Dangra – a
613:, which includes extracts translated from the esteemed
392:) rather than the New Bön tradition () associated with
807:
tradition, the Bönpos developed a system of logic and
934:. The first group of young monks graduated in 1986.
811:specifically relating to the Dzogchen teaching. At
1049:Volume 11: Five texts explaining the Mother Tantra
906:. Also included in the curriculum are the secular
1052:Volume 12: Description and explanation of rituals
501:In 1950, Tenzin Namdak went to Menri Monasteryin
961:with Nyima and many bonpo teachers and Geshes.
769:gyung drung bon bshad sgrub slob gnyer 'dud sde
725:), who was installed as the 33rd Menri Trizin.
1241:The Nine Ways of Bon: Excerpts from gZi-brjid
711:Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture
693:region and Upper Tsang in the west, and from
601:grant, where he became a visiting scholar at
275:
8:
969:In 1989, Tenzin Namdak traveled to England,
509:(head teacher) and received the degree of
486:) and the principal stages on the path to
442:). During 1945–50, he lived a principally
282:
268:
47:
1073:Nine Ways of Bon: Excerpts from gZi-brjid
1238:Snellgrove, David L. (1 January 1980).
1214:"གཡུང་དྲུང་གླིང་དགོན། – Yungdrung Ling"
1205:
1043:Volume 9: Series of texts on Madhyamaka
644:, and with whom he collaborated on the
566:, along with numerous Tibetan refugees
352:Tenzin Namdak's father was a farmer in
59:
1075:, collaboration with David Snellgrove
1000:to represent the Bön tradition at the
642:Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
582:Collaboration with Snellgrove/Hoffmann
1265:Dr. Ellen Latzin (20 December 2006).
783:were applied to the understanding of
7:
791:), that is, to the teachings of the
779:), where philosophical analysis and
1150:Masters of the Zhang Zhung Nyengyud
1037:Volume 7: continuation of Volume 6
1022:Volume 2: continuation of Volume 1
856:or the Perfection of Wisdom Sutras
564:Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa
452:sgang ru tshul khrims rgyal mtshan
396:, and had close affiliations with
14:
605:. He resided for a period at the
356:and his uncle, Kelzang Tsültrim (
753:Lama college and Bönpo monastery
743:dpal gshen bstan sman ri'i gling
454:), with whom he studied poetry (
67:
983:) and the Zhang Zhung Nyengyu (
332:and the most senior teacher of
316:, born 1926 in Khyungpo Karu –
1362:Scholars from Himachal Pradesh
314:slob dpon bstan 'dzin rnam dag
1:
1065:Dictionary of Written Tibetan
815:in Tibet, all instruction in
665:Dehradhun etc. Dolanji, near
646:Dictionary of Written Tibetan
1357:Tibetan Buddhists from India
1094:Mandalas of the Bon Religion
723:lung rtogs bstan pa'i nyi ma
22:Lopon Tenzin Namdak Rimpoche
1183:Lopön Tenzin Namdak (2002)
1110:, Snow Lion Publications,
985:
979:
890:
874:
861:
848:
835:
825:
768:
364:), was the "chant leader" (
1378:
1352:Tibetan emigrants to India
1187:. Snow Lion Publications.
603:SOAS, University of London
306:སློབ་དཔོན་བསྟན་འཛིན་རྣམ་དག
1096:, Saujanya Publications,
522:Professorship and retreat
400:and Yungdrung Monastery (
305:
1122:Bonpo Dzogchen Teachings
659:Catholic Relief Services
652:Tibetan Bönpo Foundation
478:), monastic discipline (
362:bskal bzang tshul khrims
1166:, Heritage Publishers,
1152:, Heritage Publishers,
986:shang zhung snyan rgyud
633:of the founder of Bon,
607:University of Cambridge
568:departed their homeland
419:including Solu-Khombu,
376:at Tengchen Monastery (
145:Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche
1124:, Vajra Publications,
965:Third trip to The West
939:khri brtan nor bu rtse
898:or monastic discipline
599:Rockefeller Foundation
394:Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen
135:Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen
45:
23:
1218:The Treasury of Lives
762:'s college (shedrup;
733:of the Yungdrung Bon
635:Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche
552:1959 Tibetan uprising
130:Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche
29:
21:
975:Chögyal Namkai Norbu
789:mdo sngags sems gsum
611:The Nine Ways of Bon
530:and the encroaching
777:gyas ru dben sa kha
336:, in particular of
244:Mongolian shamanism
140:Lopön Tenzin Namdak
1317:20th-century lamas
1089:, Bonpo Foundation
687:thob rgyal gsar pa
570:to seek refuge in
546:Capture and escape
406:g,yung drung gling
234:Siberian shamanism
46:
24:
1251:978-0-87773-739-1
322:khyung po dkar ru
292:
291:
218:Related religions
1369:
1332:Chinese animists
1301:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1244:. Prajñā Press.
1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1210:
988:
982:
941:), located near
893:
877:
864:
851:
838:
828:
771:
671:Himachal Pradesh
629:), an extensive
627:The Magnificence
595:David Snellgrove
558:, including the
536:Battle of Chamdo
390:g.yung drung bon
330:religious leader
307:
284:
277:
270:
239:Manchu shamanism
229:Tibetan Buddhism
183:Zhang Zhung Meri
71:
48:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1180:
1013:
967:
826:mdo gzhung lnga
755:
713:) in the east.
654:
584:
560:14th Dalai Lama
548:
524:
519:
398:Menri Monastery
350:
328:) is a Tibetan
288:
259:
258:
249:Nepali Hinduism
219:
211:
210:
206:Triten Norbutse
201:Menri Monastery
196:
188:
187:
163:
155:
154:
125:
117:
116:
102:
94:
93:
79:
33:Tenzin Namdak,
12:
11:
5:
1375:
1373:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1347:Tibetan people
1344:
1339:
1337:Dzogchen lamas
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1280:
1257:
1250:
1230:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1160:
1146:
1132:
1118:
1104:
1090:
1083:
1069:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1012:
1009:
966:
963:
955:Valle de Bravo
900:
899:
886:
870:
857:
854:Prajnaparamita
844:
785:Do Ngag Semsum
754:
751:
653:
650:
583:
580:
547:
544:
528:Tibetan people
523:
520:
518:
515:
462:), cosmology (
349:
346:
342:Mother Tantras
290:
289:
287:
286:
279:
272:
264:
261:
260:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
203:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
180:
178:Gyalpo spirits
175:
170:
164:
161:
160:
157:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
109:
103:
100:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:
86:
80:
77:
76:
73:
72:
64:
63:
57:
56:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1374:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:Living people
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1291:. Shenten.org
1290:
1284:
1281:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1234:
1231:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1082:
1081:9780877737391
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
987:
981:
976:
972:
964:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
935:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
897:
892:
887:
885:
881:
876:
871:
868:
863:
858:
855:
850:
845:
842:
837:
832:
831:
830:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
803:. Unlike the
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
770:
765:
761:
752:
750:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
726:
724:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
691:Mount Kailash
688:
684:
679:
674:
672:
668:
662:
660:
651:
649:
647:
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
593:
589:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
545:
543:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
516:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
488:enlightenment
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
303:
299:
298:Tenzin Namdak
296:
285:
280:
278:
273:
271:
266:
265:
263:
262:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
215:
214:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
192:
191:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
159:
158:
151:
150:Drenpa Namkha
148:
146:
143:
141:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
127:
121:
120:
113:
110:
108:
105:
104:
98:
97:
90:
87:
85:
82:
81:
75:
74:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:
44:
41:monastery in
40:
36:
32:
28:
20:
16:
1293:. Retrieved
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1260:
1240:
1233:
1221:. Retrieved
1217:
1208:
1184:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1121:
1107:
1093:
1086:
1072:
1064:
1059:In English:
1058:
1014:
1011:Bibliography
991:
968:
938:
936:
915:
911:
901:
788:
784:
776:
774:
763:
756:
747:
742:
727:
722:
715:
686:
675:
663:
655:
645:
639:
626:
622:
614:
610:
597:, through a
592:tibetologist
585:
549:
525:
500:
495:
483:
475:
470:), grammar (
467:
459:
451:
439:
433:
414:
405:
389:
381:
372:) among the
369:
361:
351:
321:
313:
297:
293:
195:Institutions
168:Shenlha Okar
139:
15:
918:), such as
764:bshad sgrub
631:hagiography
540:sacred lake
532:Han Chinese
440:mtshan nyid
173:Yeshe Walmo
1311:Categories
1289:"About us"
1193:1559391723
1178:References
1172:8170262828
1158:8170262682
1144:9994672053
1130:9994672053
1116:1559391723
1102:8186561005
1068:continued.
1005:Initiation
1002:Kalachakra
998:Dalai Lama
994:meditation
880:Abhidharma
875:mdzod phug
869:philosophy
867:Madhyamaka
849:phar phyin
731:prātimokṣa
550:After the
534:since the
468:mdzod phug
460:snyan ngag
382:steng chen
348:Early life
78:Philosophy
1342:Rinpoches
1269:. Badw.de
1223:5 October
943:Swayambhu
928:astrology
884:cosmology
846:Parchin (
805:Nyingmapa
623:gzi brjid
588:Kathmandu
586:While in
429:Kathmandu
101:Practices
916:rig gnas
908:sciences
843:or logic
836:tshad ma
821:Dzogchen
801:Dzogchen
444:eremitic
370:oM mdzad
340:and the
338:Dzogchen
84:Dzogchen
53:a series
51:Part of
1295:26 July
1273:26 July
980:a khrid
971:America
924:poetics
920:grammar
888:Dulwa (
872:Dzopu (
841:Pramana
833:Tsema (
797:Tantras
554:, many
425:Mustang
421:Pokhara
410:Ü-Tsang
302:Tibetan
124:Leaders
1248:
1191:
1170:
1156:
1142:
1128:
1114:
1100:
1079:
959:Mexico
947:France
912:rignai
896:Vinaya
891:dul ba
862:dbu ma
817:Tantra
809:debate
795:, the
793:Sutras
735:vinaya
699:Kongpo
678:Manali
517:Career
496:sa lam
484:dul ba
354:Chamdo
224:Dongba
112:Ngakpa
1200:Notes
1162:2012
1148:2010
1134:2006
1120:2006
1106:2002
1092:2002
1085:1991
1071:1980
1063:197?
951:stupa
932:Geshe
904:Sutra
859:Uma (
813:Menri
781:logic
739:Wylie
719:Wylie
703:Derge
683:Wylie
667:Solan
619:Wylie
576:Nepal
572:India
556:lamas
511:geshe
507:lopön
503:Tsang
492:Wylie
480:Wylie
472:Wylie
464:Wylie
456:Wylie
448:Wylie
436:Wylie
417:Nepal
408:) in
402:Wylie
386:Wylie
378:Wylie
374:monks
366:Wylie
358:Wylie
324:– in
318:Wylie
310:Wylie
295:Lopön
254:Wuism
89:Rigpa
43:Nepal
37:of a
35:abbot
31:Lopön
1297:2014
1275:2014
1246:ISBN
1225:2017
1189:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1154:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1126:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1098:ISBN
1077:ISBN
894:) –
878:) –
865:) –
852:) –
839:) –
819:and
799:and
760:lama
707:Amdo
705:and
615:Ziji
574:and
562:and
476:sgra
427:and
326:Kham
162:Gods
107:Kora
1327:Bon
989:).
882:or
829:).
772:).
695:Hor
669:in
498:).
334:Bon
61:Bon
39:Bon
1313::
1216:.
1138:,
957:,
926:,
922:,
914:;
741::
721::
701:,
697:,
685::
673:.
648:.
625:,
621::
513:.
494::
482::
474::
466::
458::
450::
438::
431:.
423:,
412:.
404::
388::
380::
368::
360::
344:.
320::
312::
308:,
304::
55:on
1299:.
1277:.
1254:.
1227:.
910:(
787:(
709:(
681:(
617:(
490:(
300:(
283:e
276:t
269:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.