315:
512:
55:
581:, and they winter in the United States in regions where winter temperatures allow for ice-free conditions on ponds, lakes and rivers. They have two major year-round ranges. One is in the eastern United States from the southern Canada–US border along the Atlantic Coast to the Gulf Coast in the region of the Mississippi delta. A smaller year-round range extends from Washington state and southern British Columbia to northern Idaho. They also breed to some extent in regions from Missouri to southern Canada and from Nova Scotia to eastern North Dakota and
640:
69:
3317:
2045:
118:
251:
93:
661:
The female will lay a clutch of 7-15 eggs but only begins incubation when the last egg has been laid, thereby permitting synchronous hatching. All hatchlings are consequently of the same size, which facilitates efficient parental care. During incubation, the female may lose anywhere from 8% to 16% of
527:
species. The adult female has a greyish-brown body, with a narrow white patch over the lower breast and belly. She has a light reddish-brown crest extending from the back of the head. During the nonbreeding season the male looks similar to the female, except that his eyes are yellow and the female's
653:
Males and females of the hooded merganser form monogamous pairs and they remain together until the female has selected a nesting cavity and completed laying her clutch. After that, the male leaves the female to incubate and care for the brood. Females will actively seek out cavities in dead trees or
682:
Because of their high reliance on aquatic prey, hooded mergansers are very susceptible to harm from many types of pollution, some of which are poisons that accumulate in the food organisms, directly poisoning predators high in the food chain, and some of which simply reduce the populations of their
542:
First-winter birds differ from adult females in appearance in that they have a grey-brown neck and upper parts; the upper parts of adult females are much darker — nearly black. Furthermore, the young birds have narrower white edges to their tertial feathers than adults do. Females of all ages
678:
Population declines in the past have been linked with large scale deforestation. Because these waterfowl are cavity nesters, they require mature trees in which suitable nesting sites are likely to be found. It has been suggested that in recent years proper timber management is increasing available
630:
The hooded merganser is a diving predator that largely hunts by sight while under water. Most studies report that its diet varies according to circumstances, usually being dominated by fish (44 to 81%). In addition it feeds on aquatic insects (13 to 20% of its diet) and other aquatic invertebrates
531:
In breeding plumage the dorsal areas and the head, neck and breast of the mature male are mainly black with white markings; there are large white patches on either side of the crest, and they are particularly conspicuous when he raises his crest during courtship. His lower flanks are a rich
679:
habitat successfully. One priority consideration when managing wooded habitat for cavity nesting ducks, is to maintain a sufficient population of mature trees in which suitable nesting cavities would be plentiful. In addition these ducks do make use of artificial nest boxes when available.
1281:
669:
and usually leave the nest within 24 hours after they hatch; this is about long enough to accommodate synchronous hatching. Once they leave the nest, the young are capable of diving and foraging, but remain with the female for warmth and protection.
1258:
1196:
Champoux, L. (January 1, 1996). "PCBs, dioxins and furans in Hooded
Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus), Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) and mink (Mustela vison) collected along the St.Maurice River near La Tuque, Quebec".
1250:
600:
Although the hooded merganser is a common species in captivity in Europe and most specimens recorded in the wild are regarded as escapes, or feral animals, a small number of birds have been regarded as genuinely wild
378:
meaning 'diver'. The bird is striking in appearance; both sexes have crests that they can raise or lower, and the breeding plumage of the male is handsomely patterned and coloured. The hooded merganser has a
1255:
585:, migrating when necessary to avoid winter conditions. From 1966 - 2015, the hooded merganser experienced a >1.5% yearly population increase throughout its breeding range.
3820:
3597:
3662:
3900:
3719:
592:, but it also inhabits larger wetlands, impoundments, flooded timber, and rivers. They prefer fresh water but do occur on brackish water bodies as well.
3548:
532:
reddish-brown or chestnut in colour, and the breast and undersides are more or less white, extending into white stripes across the crop and breast.
658:. They prefer cavities 4–15 feet off the ground. Breeding occurs anytime between the end of February and the end of June, depending on the region.
539:
wing feathers; when the bird is in repose they have the appearance of longitudinal white stripes along the bird's lower back, if they are visible.
3833:
3610:
1309:
468:
as
America but this was restricted to Virginia and Carolina following Catesby. The hooded merganser is now the only species placed in the genus
3701:
1180:
915:
907:
903:
845:
3925:
3714:
3571:
3496:
931:
764:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
3920:
3859:
3753:
3915:
3509:
511:
440:
240:
3838:
3615:
3316:
456:. Linnaeus based his account on the "round-crested duck" that had been described and illustrated by the English naturalist
3649:
588:
For preference the hooded merganser lives on small bodies of water such as ponds and small estuaries where there is ample
394:
of Europe and Asia being smaller, and it also is the only merganser whose native habitat is restricted to North
America.
3384:
3434:
1302:
54:
2044:
1142:
Heusmann, H. W.; Early, T. (1988). "A comparison of wooden boxes and plastic buckets as waterfowl nest structures".
117:
3667:
3527:
864:
639:
3540:
3375:
1169:
Reed Harris; Michael W. Murray; Tamara
Saltman; Robert Mason; David P. Krabbenhoft; Robin Reash (5 March 2007).
3675:
1396:
1273:
1065:
419:), but upon reexamination turned out to be a species closely related to the hooded merganser; it is now named
3877:
3576:
1235:
465:
68:
3680:
3421:
3337:
1295:
1114:
3740:
3439:
1537:
837:
Priority! The Dating of
Scientific Names in Ornithology: a Directory to the literature and its reviewers
450:
219:
3864:
736:
3758:
3483:
3413:
3395:
2428:
1749:
1450:
1268:
965:
2483:
2419:
2307:
1789:
3905:
2499:
1983:
868:
831:
807:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 497.
432:
406:
82:
3641:
2845:
2596:
2576:
2435:
3115:
2746:
2666:
2442:
2361:
2339:
2329:
1800:
1769:
1738:
1684:
1668:
1633:
1619:
1611:
1423:
1151:
818:
516:
473:
286:
196:
112:
3745:
2821:
2706:
2696:
2492:
2199:
2188:
2093:
1992:
1868:
1604:
3825:
3602:
2994:
2983:
2382:
2275:
2221:
2125:
1946:
1287:
3910:
3846:
3807:
3727:
3628:
3457:
3400:
2883:
2794:
2649:
2621:
2506:
2404:
2296:
2253:
1214:
1176:
1170:
1093:
911:
841:
692:
602:
524:
2586:
1021:
3851:
3732:
3563:
3135:
2167:
2156:
1595:
1206:
960:
767:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 129.
731:
402:
3426:
1779:
250:
3688:
2736:
1569:
1381:
1262:
1003:
979:
939:
787:(in English and French). Vol. 1. London: W. Innys and R. Manby. p. 94, Plate 94.
536:
445:
827:(in German). Dresden und Leipzig: Expedition Vollständigsten Naturgeschichte. p. ix.
1241:
1082:), The Birds of North America Online (A. Poole, Ed.). Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology
713:
3771:
3535:
3522:
3272:
3145:
3008:
2517:
2453:
2264:
2243:
2146:
1899:
1558:
1046:
589:
578:
367:
328:
3894:
3623:
2835:
1927:
1759:
1677:
1520:
1507:
1462:
1210:
1063:
Rabbitss, Brian (2009). Hooded
Merganser on North Uist: a return to the British List
835:
758:
722:
606:
485:
436:
236:
102:
97:
822:
802:
782:
3812:
3798:
3462:
3265:
3214:
3169:
3015:
2924:
2859:
2784:
2566:
2469:
2393:
2135:
2104:
1696:
1365:
1319:
778:
582:
457:
357:
314:
169:
762:
423:, but the exact relationship between this bird and the modern species is unknown.
3514:
3449:
3654:
3636:
3584:
3369:
3091:
3064:
2973:
2686:
2559:
2526:
2462:
2232:
2210:
2178:
1956:
1626:
1435:
543:
are dark-eyed, whereas in males the eyes become pale during their first winter.
872:
3766:
3204:
3176:
3071:
3057:
3046:
3039:
3001:
2963:
2945:
2931:
2914:
2907:
2811:
2801:
2770:
2763:
2717:
2632:
2549:
1915:
1838:
1716:
1640:
1580:
1359:
1004:"Hooded Merganser Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
980:"Hooded Merganser Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
798:
610:
481:
390:
Hooded mergansers are the second-smallest species of merganser, with only the
3501:
3360:
1115:"Sea Duck Information Series : Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)"
3221:
3190:
3183:
3155:
2955:
2866:
2777:
2726:
2676:
2639:
2610:
2537:
2318:
2114:
1971:
1936:
1849:
1647:
1547:
1408:
666:
655:
477:
129:
35:
1218:
1078:
Dugger, B.D., K.M. Dugger and L. H. Fredrickson. (2009). Hooded
Merganser (
17:
3792:
3354:
3283:
3162:
3082:
3029:
2894:
2371:
2286:
2076:
2063:
2003:
1811:
1344:
353:
179:
149:
3693:
3872:
3553:
3408:
3258:
3232:
3126:
3098:
2938:
2873:
2828:
2753:
2350:
1890:
1822:
1727:
1155:
380:
3292:
3248:
3197:
3105:
2852:
2603:
1875:
1858:
1654:
1338:
614:
398:
384:
139:
3589:
3331:
3475:
3470:
3022:
1172:
Ecosystem
Responses to Mercury Contamination: Indicators of Change
638:
510:
500:
3488:
464:
that was published between 1729 and 1732. Linnaeus specified the
3706:
3241:
2656:
1350:
647:
415:
391:
349:
159:
3335:
2061:
1505:
1331:
1291:
784:
The
Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
462:
The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands
609:
current first accepted record is a bird which was seen on
1022:"BBS Trend Maps - Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus"
654:
artificial nest boxes such as those provided for nesting
834:; Overstreet, L.K.; Dowsett, R.J.; Bruce, M.D. (2011).
535:
In both sexes there are narrow white stripes along the
665:
Like most waterfowl, hooded merganser hatchlings are
613:
in October 2000. Small numbers are seen regularly in
472:
that was introduced in 1853 by the German naturalist
3254:
3210:
3151:
3141:
3111:
3052:
3035:
2990:
2979:
2969:
2951:
2920:
2879:
2841:
2817:
2807:
2790:
2759:
2742:
2732:
2702:
2692:
2682:
2672:
2662:
2645:
2628:
2616:
2592:
2582:
2572:
2555:
2545:
2480:
2416:
2400:
2389:
2378:
2367:
2357:
2346:
2335:
2325:
2314:
2303:
2292:
2282:
2271:
2260:
2249:
2239:
2228:
2217:
2206:
2195:
2184:
2174:
2163:
2152:
2142:
2131:
2121:
2110:
2100:
2089:
1980:
1952:
1942:
1911:
1864:
1834:
1807:
1796:
1785:
1775:
1765:
1755:
1745:
1733:
1723:
1712:
1665:
1592:
1576:
1565:
1554:
1543:
1533:
1256:
Massachusetts Breeding Bird Atlas - Hooded merganser
3782:
3344:
3282:
3231:
3125:
3081:
2893:
2716:
2536:
2516:
2479:
2452:
2415:
2074:
2002:
1979:
1970:
1926:
1898:
1889:
1848:
1821:
1695:
1664:
1591:
1518:
1461:
1434:
1407:
1380:
34:, an aquatic bird. For the genus of true bugs, see
932:""Hooded Merganser Fact Sheet, Lincoln Park Zoo""
737:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680472A92863561.en
1109:
1107:
308:
1247:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
1303:
8:
900:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
840:. Northampton, UK: Aves Press. p. 134.
484:are recognised. The genus name combines the
3332:
2899:
2082:
2071:
2058:
1976:
1904:
1895:
1827:
1705:
1526:
1515:
1502:
1440:
1413:
1386:
1377:
1328:
1310:
1296:
1288:
1094:"Lophodytes cucullatus (hooded merganser)"
249:
91:
67:
53:
44:
735:
631:such as crabs and crayfish (22 to 50%).
329:Listen to Hooded Merganser on xeno-canto
704:
617:, but these are presumed to be feral.
495:meaning "diver". The specific epithet
902:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
879:. International Ornithologists' Union
873:"Screamers, ducks, geese & swans"
859:
857:
801:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
577:Hooded mergansers are short-distance
7:
3878:935BBBB4-D17F-4069-9CA9-7FA6B7C07140
3541:fbf63a77-4d4f-4751-9b98-00046bd050d0
824:Handbuch der speciellen Ornithologie
3901:IUCN Red List least concern species
723:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3577:hooded-merganser-mergus-cucullatus
435:in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist
366:. The genus name derives from the
25:
3315:
2043:
1236:Hooded Merganser Species Account
1175:. CRC Press. pp. 138, 144.
877:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
804:Check-List of Birds of the World
313:
116:
1028:. US Department of the Interior
712:BirdLife International (2016).
1282:Hooded merganser photo gallery
963:(2002). "Time for a rethink."
829:For the publication date see:
568:: 23.6-26.0 in (60-66 cm)
556:: 15.8-19.3 in (40-49 cm)
348:) is a species of fish-eating
1:
1251:eNature.com: Hooded merganser
1284:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1238:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1211:10.1016/0269-7491(95)00103-4
3926:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
674:Management and conservation
590:emergent aquatic vegetation
460:in the first volume of his
383:but is not classified as a
3942:
898:Jobling, James A. (2010).
562:: 16.0-31.0 oz (453-879 g)
523:The hooded merganser is a
29:
3312:
2902:
2085:
2070:
2057:
2040:
1907:
1830:
1708:
1529:
1514:
1501:
1443:
1416:
1389:
1376:
1327:
431:The hooded merganser was
413:(a genus now included in
292:
285:
257:
248:
225:
218:
113:Scientific classification
111:
89:
80:
75:
66:
61:
52:
47:
1322:and their extinct allies
1274:Internet Bird Collection
1269:"Hooded merganser media"
871:, eds. (December 2023).
730:: e.T22680472A92863561.
573:Distribution and habitat
3921:Birds described in 1758
1199:Environmental Pollution
3916:Birds of North America
650:
520:
30:This article is about
3772:Lophodytes-cucullatus
3741:Paleobiology Database
3401:Lophodytes_cucullatus
3376:Lophodytes cucullatus
3346:Lophodytes cucullatus
1244:Lophodytes cucullatus
1080:Lophodytes cucullatus
716:Lophodytes cucullatus
644:Lophodytes cucullatus
642:
621:Behaviour and ecology
514:
491:meaning "crest" with
421:Lophodytes floridanus
411:Querquedula floridana
374:meaning 'crest', and
360:species in the genus
345:Lophodytes cucullatus
229:Lophodytes cucullatus
3536:Fauna Europaea (new)
1242:Hooded Merganser -
1098:Animaldiversity.org
819:Reichenbach, Ludwig
409:, was described as
407:Vero Beach, Florida
401:merganser from the
299:Linnaeus, 1758
83:Conservation status
1669:Anachronornithidae
1261:2013-12-15 at the
1047:"Hooded Merganser"
867:; Donsker, David;
651:
525:sexually dimorphic
521:
517:Walsrode Bird Park
503:meaning "hooded".
474:Ludwig Reichenbach
433:formally described
211:L. cucullatus
3888:
3887:
3847:Open Tree of Life
3784:Mergus cucullatus
3728:Open Tree of Life
3338:Taxon identifiers
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3310:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
2053:
2052:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2022:
2021:
1966:
1965:
1885:
1884:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1182:978-0-8493-8889-7
1008:Allaboutbirds.org
984:Allaboutbirds.org
917:978-1-4081-2501-4
869:Rasmussen, Pamela
847:978-0-9568611-1-5
662:her body weight.
476:. The species is
454:Mergus cucullatus
385:typical merganser
356:. It is the only
352:in the subfamily
335:
334:
306:
305:
296:Mergus cucullatus
280: Nonbreeding
200:
106:
48:Hooded merganser
16:(Redirected from
3933:
3881:
3880:
3868:
3867:
3855:
3854:
3842:
3841:
3829:
3828:
3816:
3815:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3775:
3774:
3762:
3761:
3749:
3748:
3736:
3735:
3723:
3722:
3720:hooded-merganser
3710:
3709:
3697:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3670:
3658:
3657:
3655:NHMSYS0000533399
3645:
3644:
3632:
3631:
3619:
3618:
3606:
3605:
3593:
3592:
3580:
3579:
3567:
3566:
3564:hooded-merganser
3557:
3556:
3544:
3543:
3531:
3530:
3518:
3517:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3491:
3479:
3478:
3466:
3465:
3453:
3452:
3443:
3442:
3430:
3429:
3417:
3416:
3414:60E6081E3DF8CFA4
3404:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3333:
3320:
3319:
3256:
3212:
3153:
3143:
3113:
3054:
3037:
2992:
2981:
2971:
2953:
2922:
2900:
2881:
2843:
2819:
2809:
2792:
2761:
2744:
2734:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2647:
2630:
2618:
2594:
2584:
2574:
2557:
2547:
2482:
2418:
2402:
2391:
2380:
2369:
2359:
2348:
2337:
2327:
2316:
2305:
2294:
2284:
2273:
2262:
2251:
2241:
2230:
2219:
2208:
2197:
2186:
2176:
2168:Chelychelynechen
2165:
2154:
2144:
2133:
2123:
2112:
2102:
2091:
2083:
2072:
2059:
2048:
2047:
1982:
1977:
1954:
1944:
1913:
1905:
1896:
1866:
1836:
1828:
1809:
1798:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1757:
1747:
1735:
1725:
1714:
1706:
1667:
1596:Presbyornithidae
1594:
1578:
1567:
1556:
1545:
1535:
1527:
1516:
1503:
1441:
1414:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1370:
1329:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1289:
1278:
1223:
1222:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1144:Wildl. Soc. Bull
1139:
1133:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1119:
1111:
1102:
1101:
1092:Roof, Jennifer.
1089:
1083:
1076:
1070:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
976:
970:
961:Vinicombe, Keith
958:
952:
951:
949:
947:
942:on 14 March 2012
938:. Archived from
928:
922:
921:
895:
889:
888:
886:
884:
861:
852:
851:
828:
815:
809:
808:
795:
789:
788:
775:
769:
768:
755:
749:
748:
746:
744:
739:
709:
626:Food and feeding
528:eyes are brown.
403:Late Pleistocene
340:hooded merganser
317:
309:
300:
279:
274: Year-round
273:
267:
261:
253:
231:
195:
121:
120:
100:
95:
94:
71:
57:
45:
21:
3941:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3876:
3871:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3824:
3819:
3811:
3806:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3700:
3692:
3689:Observation.org
3687:
3679:
3674:
3666:
3661:
3653:
3648:
3640:
3635:
3627:
3622:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3539:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3474:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3448:
3446:
3438:
3433:
3425:
3420:
3412:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3340:
3330:
3321:
3314:
3298:
3278:
3227:
3121:
3077:
2889:
2737:Australotadorna
2712:
2532:
2512:
2475:
2448:
2429:Paracygnopterus
2411:
2079:
2066:
2049:
2042:
2018:
1998:
1962:
1922:
1881:
1844:
1817:
1750:Naranbulagornis
1699:
1691:
1660:
1587:
1570:Pelagornithidae
1523:
1510:
1477:
1457:
1430:
1403:
1397:Avemetatarsalia
1382:Avemetatarsalia
1372:
1334:
1333:
1323:
1316:
1267:
1263:Wayback Machine
1232:
1227:
1226:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1105:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1077:
1073:
1062:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1002:
1001:
997:
988:
986:
978:
977:
973:
959:
955:
945:
943:
930:
929:
925:
918:
897:
896:
892:
882:
880:
863:
862:
855:
848:
832:Dickinson, E.C.
830:
817:
816:
812:
797:
796:
792:
777:
776:
772:
757:
756:
752:
742:
740:
711:
710:
706:
701:
689:
676:
637:
628:
623:
598:
596:Feral to Europe
575:
509:
446:Systema Naturae
429:
336:
331:
326:
325:
323:Songs and calls
298:
281:
277:
275:
271:
269:
268: Migration
265:
263:
259:
244:
233:
227:
214:
194:
115:
107:
96:
92:
85:
41:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3939:
3937:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3893:
3892:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3869:
3856:
3843:
3830:
3817:
3804:
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3763:
3750:
3737:
3724:
3711:
3698:
3685:
3672:
3659:
3646:
3633:
3620:
3607:
3594:
3581:
3568:
3558:
3545:
3532:
3523:Fauna Europaea
3519:
3506:
3493:
3480:
3467:
3454:
3444:
3431:
3418:
3405:
3392:
3381:
3366:
3350:
3348:
3342:
3341:
3336:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3252:
3245:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3146:Camptorhynchus
3139:
3131:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3087:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3050:
3043:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3009:Malacorhynchus
3005:
2998:
2988:
2977:
2967:
2960:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2928:
2918:
2911:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2798:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2757:
2750:
2740:
2730:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2670:
2660:
2653:
2643:
2636:
2626:
2614:
2607:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2563:
2553:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2522:
2520:
2518:Stictonettinae
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2488:
2486:
2484:Dendrocheninae
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2454:Dendrocygninae
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2424:
2422:
2420:Romainvillinae
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2398:
2387:
2376:
2365:
2355:
2344:
2333:
2323:
2312:
2308:Protomelanitta
2301:
2290:
2280:
2269:
2265:Mioquerquedula
2258:
2247:
2244:Lavanttalornis
2237:
2226:
2215:
2204:
2193:
2182:
2172:
2161:
2150:
2147:Caerulonettion
2140:
2129:
2119:
2108:
2098:
2086:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1940:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1902:
1900:Anseranatoidea
1893:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1862:
1854:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1842:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1805:
1794:
1790:Petropluvialis
1783:
1773:
1763:
1753:
1743:
1731:
1721:
1709:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1563:
1559:Dromornithidae
1552:
1541:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1279:
1265:
1253:
1248:
1239:
1231:
1230:External links
1228:
1225:
1224:
1205:(2): 147–153.
1188:
1181:
1161:
1134:
1103:
1084:
1071:
1056:
1038:
1013:
995:
971:
953:
923:
916:
890:
853:
846:
810:
790:
770:
759:Linnaeus, Carl
750:
703:
702:
700:
697:
696:
695:
693:Pilling's Pond
688:
685:
675:
672:
636:
633:
627:
624:
622:
619:
597:
594:
574:
571:
570:
569:
563:
557:
508:
505:
428:
425:
368:Greek language
333:
332:
327:
321:
319:
307:
304:
303:
302:
301:
290:
289:
283:
282:
276:
270:
264:
262: Breeding
258:
255:
254:
246:
245:
234:
223:
222:
216:
215:
208:
206:
202:
201:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
109:
108:
90:
87:
86:
81:
78:
77:
73:
72:
64:
63:
59:
58:
50:
49:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3938:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3879:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3800:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3612:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3386:
3382:
3377:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3318:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3060:
3059:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2836:Plectropterus
2833:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2406:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1984:Paranyrocidae
1978:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1928:Anseranatidae
1925:
1918:
1917:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:Paakniwatavis
1754:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1701:sensu stricto
1698:
1694:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1678:Anachronornis
1675:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1582:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1521:Anserimorphae
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:Anserimorphae
1504:
1500:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1463:Anserimorphae
1460:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1398:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1192:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1123:
1122:Seaduckjv.org
1116:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1069:102(3): 122-9
1068:
1067:
1066:British Birds
1060:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
999:
996:
985:
981:
975:
972:
968:
967:
962:
957:
954:
941:
937:
933:
927:
924:
919:
913:
909:
905:
901:
894:
891:
878:
874:
870:
866:
860:
858:
854:
849:
843:
839:
838:
833:
826:
825:
820:
814:
811:
806:
805:
800:
794:
791:
786:
785:
781:(1729–1732).
780:
779:Catesby, Mark
774:
771:
766:
765:
760:
754:
751:
738:
733:
729:
725:
724:
719:
717:
708:
705:
698:
694:
691:
690:
686:
684:
680:
673:
671:
668:
663:
659:
657:
649:
645:
641:
634:
632:
625:
620:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
595:
593:
591:
586:
584:
580:
572:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
550:
548:
544:
540:
538:
533:
529:
526:
518:
513:
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:
486:Ancient Greek
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:type location
463:
459:
455:
452:
451:binomial name
448:
447:
442:
441:tenth edition
438:
437:Carl Linnaeus
434:
426:
424:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
404:
400:
397:A species of
395:
393:
388:
386:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
359:
355:
351:
347:
346:
341:
330:
324:
320:
318:
316:
311:
310:
297:
294:
293:
291:
288:
284:
256:
252:
247:
242:
238:
232:
230:
224:
221:
220:Binomial name
217:
213:
212:
207:
204:
203:
198:
193:
192:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
119:
114:
110:
104:
99:
98:Least Concern
88:
84:
79:
74:
70:
65:
60:
56:
51:
46:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3783:
3345:
3291:
3271:
3266:Sibirionetta
3264:
3257:
3247:
3240:
3220:
3215:Shiriyanetta
3213:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3170:Histrionicus
3168:
3161:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3114:
3104:
3097:
3090:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3045:
3038:
3028:
3021:
3016:Marmaronetta
3014:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2982:
2972:
2962:
2954:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2925:Anabernicula
2923:
2913:
2906:
2882:
2872:
2865:
2860:Sarkidiornis
2858:
2851:
2846:Pleistoanser
2844:
2834:
2827:
2820:
2810:
2800:
2793:
2785:Hymenolaimus
2783:
2776:
2769:
2762:
2752:
2745:
2735:
2725:
2705:
2695:
2685:
2675:
2665:
2655:
2648:
2638:
2631:
2620:
2609:
2602:
2597:Bonibernicla
2595:
2585:
2577:Anserobranta
2575:
2565:
2558:
2548:
2525:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2470:Thalassornis
2468:
2461:
2441:
2436:Romainvillia
2434:
2427:
2403:
2394:Thambetochen
2392:
2381:
2370:
2360:
2349:
2338:
2328:
2317:
2306:
2295:
2285:
2274:
2263:
2252:
2242:
2231:
2220:
2209:
2198:
2187:
2177:
2166:
2155:
2145:
2136:Bambolinetta
2134:
2124:
2113:
2105:Allgoviachen
2103:
2092:
1991:
1955:
1945:
1935:
1914:
1874:
1867:
1857:
1837:
1810:
1799:
1788:
1778:
1768:
1758:
1748:
1737:
1726:
1715:
1700:
1697:Anseriformes
1683:
1676:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1610:
1603:
1579:
1568:
1557:
1546:
1536:
1366:Galloanserae
1364:Superorder:
1355:
1272:
1243:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1171:
1164:
1150:(1): 45–48.
1147:
1143:
1137:
1125:. Retrieved
1121:
1097:
1087:
1079:
1074:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1030:. Retrieved
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
987:. Retrieved
983:
974:
964:
956:
944:. Retrieved
940:the original
935:
926:
899:
893:
881:. Retrieved
876:
836:
823:
813:
803:
793:
783:
773:
763:
753:
741:. Retrieved
727:
721:
715:
707:
681:
677:
664:
660:
652:
643:
629:
599:
587:
583:Saskatchewan
576:
565:
559:
553:
547:Measurements
546:
545:
541:
534:
530:
522:
496:
492:
488:
469:
461:
458:Mark Catesby
453:
444:
430:
420:
414:
410:
396:
389:
375:
371:
362:
361:
344:
343:
339:
337:
322:
312:
295:
228:
226:
210:
209:
190:
189:
170:Anseriformes
42:
36:
31:
3676:Neotropical
3637:NatureServe
3585:iNaturalist
3370:Wikispecies
3116:Tirarinetta
3092:Heteronetta
3065:Salvadorina
2974:Dunstanetta
2747:Brantadorna
2687:Megalodytes
2667:Cygnopterus
2560:Annakacygna
2527:Stictonetta
2500:Manuherikia
2463:Dendrocygna
2443:Saintandrea
2362:Tagayanetta
2340:Sharganetta
2330:Selenonetta
2233:Heteroanser
2211:Garganornis
2179:Cousteauvia
2013:See below ↓
1957:Eoanseranas
1801:Proherodius
1770:Palaeopapia
1739:Headonornis
1685:Danielsavis
1634:Proherodius
1627:Presbyornis
1620:Murgonornis
1612:Headonornis
1451:Maniraptora
1436:Maniraptora
1051:Birdweb.org
865:Gill, Frank
799:Mayr, Ernst
743:11 November
507:Description
197:Reichenbach
3906:Mergansers
3895:Categories
3799:Q106446969
3767:Xeno-canto
3205:Polysticta
3177:Lophodytes
3072:Speculanas
3058:Rhodonessa
3047:Pteronetta
3040:Pinpanetta
3002:Lophonetta
2964:Chenonetta
2946:Callonetta
2932:Asarcornis
2915:Amazonetta
2822:Nannonetta
2812:Miotadorna
2802:Merganetta
2771:Chloephaga
2764:Centrornis
2718:Tadorninae
2707:Presbychen
2697:Paracygnus
2633:Cnemiornis
2550:Afrocygnus
2493:Dendrochen
2200:Eutelornis
2189:Eonerornis
2094:Aldabranas
1993:Paranyroca
1916:Anatalavis
1869:Chainkanas
1839:Chaunoides
1717:Agnopterus
1641:Telmabates
1605:Bumbalavis
1581:Vegaviidae
1472:see below↓
1360:Neognathae
1318:Genera of
1032:2021-02-18
989:2020-09-26
699:References
656:wood ducks
611:North Uist
515:Female at
497:cucullatus
482:subspecies
470:Lophodytes
449:under the
363:Lophodytes
191:Lophodytes
32:Lophodytes
18:Lophodytes
3222:Somateria
3191:Mergellus
3184:Melanitta
3156:Chendytes
3136:Bucephala
2995:Lavadytis
2984:Eoneornis
2956:Chenoanas
2867:Tachyeres
2778:Cyanochen
2727:Alopochen
2677:Eremochen
2640:Coscoroba
2611:Cereopsis
2538:Anserinae
2383:Teleornis
2319:Ptaiochen
2276:Nogusunna
2222:Helonetta
2126:Awengkere
2115:Ankonetta
1972:Anatoidea
1947:Anserpica
1937:Anseranas
1850:Anhimidae
1648:Teviornis
1548:Gastornis
1538:Conflicto
1424:Theropoda
1409:Theropoda
1337:Kingdom:
1320:waterfowl
969:119:16-7.
966:Birdwatch
936:Lpzoo.org
667:precocial
607:Britain's
519:, Germany
478:monotypic
205:Species:
136:Kingdom:
130:Eukaryota
37:Lopodytes
3911:Merginae
3826:10797406
3793:Wikidata
3642:2.104711
3629:22680472
3603:10190118
3489:45510606
3427:22680472
3422:BirdLife
3355:Wikidata
3284:Aythyini
3163:Clangula
3083:Oxyurini
3030:Nettapus
2895:Anatinae
2884:Tamtamia
2795:Kaikenia
2650:Cygnavus
2622:Chenopis
2507:Mionetta
2405:Wasonaka
2372:Talpanas
2297:Proanser
2287:Notochen
2254:Loxornis
2077:Anatidae
2064:Anatidae
2004:Anatidae
1812:Wunketru
1345:Chordata
1343:Phylum:
1339:Animalia
1259:Archived
1219:15091394
1127:21 March
946:21 March
821:(1853).
761:(1758).
687:See also
635:Breeding
603:vagrants
579:migrants
566:Wingspan
427:Taxonomy
354:Anatinae
287:Synonyms
237:Linnaeus
180:Anatidae
176:Family:
150:Chordata
146:Phylum:
140:Animalia
126:Domain:
103:IUCN 3.1
3873:ZooBank
3865:1338681
3554:2498408
3409:Avibase
3361:Q241349
3273:Spatula
3259:Matanas
3233:Anatini
3127:Mergini
3099:Nomonyx
2939:Biziura
2874:Tadorna
2829:Neochen
2754:Cairina
2587:Asiavis
2351:Sinanas
1891:Anseres
1823:Anhimae
1728:Eonessa
1349:Class:
1156:3782351
883:29 June
537:tertial
443:of his
439:in the
381:sawbill
186:Genus:
166:Order:
156:Class:
101: (
76:Female
3852:809009
3839:175192
3759:159094
3746:155162
3733:809009
3707:159094
3681:hoomer
3668:279951
3616:175183
3561:GNAB:
3510:EURING
3502:100661
3476:hoomer
3450:hoomer
3389:hoomer
3293:Aythya
3249:Mareca
3198:Mergus
3106:Oxyura
2853:Radjah
2657:Cygnus
2604:Branta
2157:Cayaoa
1876:Chauna
1859:Anhima
1655:Wilaru
1217:
1179:
1154:
914:
844:
683:prey.
615:Dublin
560:Weight
554:Length
489:lophos
399:fossil
372:lophos
358:extant
278:
272:
266:
260:
199:, 1853
3860:WoRMS
3821:IRMNG
3813:3ZTRM
3754:WoRMS
3598:IRMNG
3528:96547
3497:EUNIS
3471:eBird
3463:3W3GS
3447:BOW:
3440:19944
3023:Netta
2567:Anser
1780:Peioa
1356:Clade
1152:JSTOR
1118:(PDF)
501:Latin
493:dutēs
480:: no
376:dutes
62:Male
3834:ITIS
3715:ODNR
3702:OBIS
3694:1958
3663:NCBI
3624:IUCN
3611:ITIS
3590:7109
3549:GBIF
3515:2190
3435:BOLD
3242:Anas
1449:see
1422:see
1395:see
1351:Aves
1215:PMID
1177:ISBN
1129:2022
1026:USGS
948:2022
912:ISBN
885:2024
842:ISBN
745:2021
728:2016
648:MHNT
416:Anas
392:smew
350:duck
338:The
241:1758
160:Aves
3808:CoL
3650:NBN
3572:IBC
3484:EoL
3458:CoL
3396:ADW
3385:ABA
2908:Aix
1207:doi
908:124
904:230
732:doi
499:is
405:of
3897::
3875::
3862::
3849::
3836::
3823::
3810::
3795::
3769::
3756::
3743::
3730::
3717::
3704::
3691::
3678::
3665::
3652::
3639::
3626::
3613::
3600::
3587::
3574::
3551::
3538::
3525::
3512::
3499::
3486::
3473::
3460::
3437::
3424::
3411::
3398::
3387::
3372::
3357::
1742:"?
1358::
1271:.
1213:.
1203:92
1201:.
1148:16
1146:.
1120:.
1106:^
1096:.
1049:.
1024:.
1006:.
982:.
934:.
910:.
906:,
875:.
856:^
726:.
720:.
646:-
605:.
549::
387:.
370::
239:,
3255:†
3211:†
3152:†
3142:†
3112:†
3055:?
3053:†
3036:†
2991:†
2987:?
2980:†
2970:†
2959:?
2952:†
2921:†
2880:†
2842:†
2818:†
2808:†
2791:†
2760:†
2743:†
2733:†
2703:†
2693:†
2683:†
2673:†
2663:†
2646:†
2629:†
2625:"
2619:"
2617:†
2593:†
2583:†
2573:†
2556:†
2546:†
2481:†
2417:†
2408:?
2401:†
2397:?
2390:†
2386:?
2379:†
2375:?
2368:†
2358:†
2354:?
2347:†
2343:?
2336:†
2326:†
2322:?
2315:†
2311:?
2304:†
2300:?
2293:†
2283:†
2279:?
2272:†
2268:?
2261:†
2257:?
2250:†
2240:†
2236:?
2229:†
2225:?
2218:†
2214:?
2207:†
2203:?
2196:†
2192:?
2185:†
2175:†
2171:?
2164:†
2160:?
2153:†
2143:†
2139:?
2132:†
2122:†
2118:?
2111:†
2101:†
2097:?
2090:†
1981:†
1953:†
1943:†
1919:?
1912:†
1865:†
1835:†
1808:†
1804:?
1797:†
1793:?
1786:†
1776:†
1766:†
1756:†
1746:†
1736:"
1734:†
1724:†
1720:?
1713:†
1688:?
1666:†
1615:?
1593:†
1584:?
1577:†
1573:?
1566:†
1562:?
1555:†
1551:?
1544:†
1534:†
1311:e
1304:t
1297:v
1277:.
1221:.
1209::
1185:.
1158:.
1131:.
1100:.
1053:.
1035:.
1010:.
992:.
950:.
920:.
887:.
850:.
747:.
734::
718:"
714:"
342:(
243:)
235:(
105:)
40:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
