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and thus relatively high efficiency. This reaction yields Pb isotope which has a long lifetime of 15.4 million years; it is induced not only by neutrinos, but also by other cosmic particles. They all have different penetration depths in the Earth's crust, and thus analysis of the Pb content in a
593:
thallium-containing ore taken from different depths brings information on the neutrinos of the past millennia. Thus, the LORandite EXperiment (LOREX), is running between 2008 and 2010 and is based in one of the largest source of lorandite, the
486:
and is kept at elevated temperature (~250 °C) for several days. This procedure yields deep-red prismatic crystals elongated along the crystal axis, which are similar to the mineral in appearance and crystallographic structure details.
531:
tetrahedra oriented to the crystal axis. The chains are covalently interlinked by irregularly coordinated Tl atoms (chain interconnections not shown in the picture), and breaking of these links is responsible for crystal cleavage.
796:
Safilov, Trajcče; Angelov, Nikola; Jaćimović, Radojko; Stibilj, Vekoslava (2005). "Determination of Trace
Elements in Arsenic and Antimony Minerals by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and k
762:
Pavicevic, M (2004). "AMS measurements of Al in quartz to assess the cosmic ray background for the geochemical solar neutrino experiment LOREX".
996:
304:. Though rare, it is the most common thallium-bearing mineral. Lorandite occurs in low-temperature hydrothermal associations and in
87:
186:
219:
991:
986:
976:
981:
414:
Apart from the
Allchar deposit in North Macedonia, lorandite is also found at the Dzhizhikrut Sb–Hg deposit in
77:
455:
399:
176:
932:
767:
659:
499:
Crystal structure of lorandite. Violet atoms are arsenic, yellow are sulfur and brown are thallium.
471:
209:
199:
454:. In the US, it is present at the New Rambler Cu–Ni mine in Wyoming; at the Jerritt Canyon mines,
817:
702:
Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C. (eds.). "Lorandite".
677:
427:
166:
447:
309:
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905:
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374:
involving thallium. It has a monoclinic crystal structure consisting of spiral chains of AsS
371:
247:
229:
60:
39:
923:
Pavicevic, M.K. (1988). "Lorandite from
Allchar – A low energy solar neutrino dosimeter".
598:
594:
569:
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395:
387:
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tetrahedra interconnected by thallium atoms, and can be synthesized in the laboratory.
367:
97:
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In 1976, it was proposed to use a thallium-rich mineral, lorándite, for detection of
156:
109:
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800:-Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis After Removal of As and Sb".
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294:
746:
527:= 0.6101 nm and β = 104.5 °. It consists of spiral chains of AsS
360:
344:
572:
and andesite contacts enabling the formation of lorandite deposits.
478:), elemental arsenic and sulfur in concentrated aqueous solution of
711:. Vol. 1. Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America
603:
588:,e)Pb reaction, which has a relatively low threshold energy of 52
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443:
305:
961:
589:
312:
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Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B
560:
Period. During the mineralization processes, the presence of
470:
Single crystals of lorandite can be grown from a mixture of
835:
Yang, Z; Pertlik, F (1994). "The thallium sulfarsenites Tl
274:
Tenacity: flexible, forming cleavage lamellae and fibers
430:, Russia. As an ore mineral, it is encountered at the
458:
district and Carlin Gold mine in Nevada; and at the
925:
879:"The crystal structure and bonding of lorandite, Tl
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556:structure originating from sediments of the upper
552:where lorandite was originally discovered, is an
847:: structural characterization and syntheses".
8:
366:The mineral is being used for detection of
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38:
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638:
161:Prismatic tabular striated parallel to
515:/a, Z = 4, with the lattice constants
503:The crystal structure of lorandite is
386:Lorándite was first discovered at the
315:deposits. Associated minerals include
29:
7:
791:
789:
757:
755:
648:"IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols"
266:Weak; Y = purple-red; Z = orange-red
872:
870:
25:
962:Spectroscopic data for lorandite
898:Zeitschrift für Kristallographie
300:with the chemical formula: TlAsS
849:Journal of Alloys and Compounds
584:. The method relies on the Tl(ν
616:, US. Size 1.8 × 1.8 × 0.4 cm.
482:. The mixture is placed in an
1:
910:10.1524/zkri.1973.138.138.147
442:gold deposit in northeastern
151:Red to carmine-red, lead gray
945:10.1016/0168-9002(88)90171-4
861:10.1016/0925-8388(94)91058-8
1013:
997:Minerals in space group 14
780:10.1016/j.nimb.2004.04.122
564:rocks caused movements of
398:) in 1894 and named after
27:Thallium arsenic sulfosalt
814:10.1007/s00604-004-0295-2
204:Sub-metallic – adamantine
37:
402:, a prominent Hungarian
705:Handbook of Mineralogy
652:Mineralogical Magazine
617:
500:
462:gold deposit in Utah.
456:Independence Mountains
422:uranium deposit, near
612:matrix, Mercur Mine,
608:Lorándite crystal on
607:
498:
271:Other characteristics
88:Strunz classification
766:. 223–224: 660–667.
568:solutions along the
466:Laboratory synthesis
992:Monoclinic minerals
937:1988NIMPA.271..287P
772:2004NIMPB.223..660P
673:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
664:2021MinM...85..291W
646:Warr, L.N. (2021).
472:thallium(I) nitrate
987:Sulfosalt minerals
877:Fleet M E (1973).
618:
501:
428:Caucasus Mountains
239:Optical properties
171:perfect, distinct
977:Thallium minerals
802:Microchimica Acta
523:= 1.130 nm,
519:= 1.228 nm,
448:Lengenbach Quarry
285:
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55:Sulfosalt mineral
16:(Redirected from
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982:Arsenic minerals
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438:, China; at the
436:Guizhou Province
372:nuclear reaction
248:Refractive index
230:Specific gravity
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114:Prismatic (2/m)
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65:(repeating unit)
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595:Allchar deposit
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546:Allchar deposit
544:setting of the
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434:Hg–Tl deposit,
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396:North Macedonia
388:Allchar deposit
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956:External links
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931:(2): 287–296.
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658:(3): 291–320.
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582:solar neutrino
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370:via a certain
368:solar neutrino
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143:Identification
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98:Crystal system
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627:Hutchinsonite
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446:; and at the
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400:Loránd Eötvös
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351:, antimonian
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157:Crystal habit
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110:Crystal class
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808:(3–4): 229.
805:
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763:
749:. Mindat.org
732:. Webmineral
725:
713:. Retrieved
704:
655:
651:
641:
614:Mercur, Utah
597:in southern
579:
576:Applications
566:hydrothermal
539:
524:
520:
516:
502:
469:
413:
410:Distribution
385:
365:
349:tetrahedrite
287:
286:
132:
715:December 5,
509:space group
452:Switzerland
426:, northern
418:and at the
262:Pleochroism
242:Biaxial (+)
220:Diaphaneity
128:Space group
971:Categories
855:(1): 155.
633:References
558:Cretaceous
536:Occurrence
505:monoclinic
432:Lanmuchang
424:Pyatigorsk
416:Tajikistan
353:sphalerite
279:References
214:Cherry-red
187:Mohs scale
181:Conchoidal
119:H-M symbol
103:Monoclinic
78:IMA symbol
843:and TlAsS
747:Lorandite
730:Lorandite
682:235729616
554:anticline
491:Structure
484:autoclave
440:Zarshuran
404:physicist
392:Kavadarci
341:marcasite
298:sulfosalt
288:Lorándite
33:Lorándite
18:Lorandite
822:97055868
621:See also
570:dolomite
562:andesite
542:tectonic
337:greigite
329:cinnabar
325:orpiment
317:stibnite
292:thallium
190:hardness
177:Fracture
167:Cleavage
52:Category
933:Bibcode
768:Bibcode
660:Bibcode
610:calcite
480:ammonia
420:Beshtau
390:, near
382:History
357:arsenic
333:vrbaite
321:realgar
310:mercury
295:arsenic
256:= 2.720
194:2.0–2.5
92:2.HD.05
61:Formula
47:General
820:
680:
460:Mercur
361:barite
345:pyrite
210:Streak
200:Luster
117:(same
894:(PDF)
818:S2CID
709:(PDF)
678:S2CID
474:(TlNO
394:(now
290:is a
148:Color
69:TlAsS
717:2011
540:The
444:Iran
359:and
308:and
306:gold
234:5.53
941:doi
929:271
906:doi
902:138
857:doi
853:216
839:AsS
810:doi
806:149
776:doi
668:doi
590:keV
450:in
313:ore
82:Lor
973::
939:.
927:.
900:.
896:.
883:As
869:^
851:.
816:.
804:.
788:^
774:.
754:^
737:^
690:^
676:.
666:.
656:85
654:.
650:.
601:.
548:,
511:P2
507:,
406:.
363:.
355:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
335:,
331:,
327:,
323:,
319:,
138:/a
133:P2
947:.
943::
935::
912:.
908::
891:"
889:4
887:S
885:2
881:2
863:.
859::
845:2
841:3
837:3
824:.
812::
798:0
782:.
778::
770::
719:.
684:.
670::
662::
586:e
529:3
525:c
521:b
517:a
513:1
476:3
376:3
302:2
254:α
252:n
136:1
121:)
71:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
