William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley

1548:"William Cecil's public conduct does not present itself in quite so amiable a light. As his predecessor, Lord Winchester, said of himself, he was sprung "from the willow rather than the oak". Neither Cecil nor Lord Winchester were men to suffer for the sake of obstinate convictions. The interest of the state was the supreme consideration for Burghley, and to it he had no hesitation in sacrificing individual consciences. He frankly disbelieved in toleration; "that state", he said, "could never be in safety where there was a toleration of two religions. For there is no enmity so great as that for religion; and therefore they that differ in the service of their God can never agree in the service of their country". With a maxim such as this, it was easy for him to maintain that Elizabeth's coercive measures were political and not religious. To say that he was Machiavellian is meaningless, for every statesman is so, more or less; especially in the 16th century men preferred efficiency to principle. On the other hand, principles are valueless without law and order; and Burghley's craft and subtlety prepared a security in which principles might find some scope." 852: 1135: 1367: 1589:, in 1569, during the early years of her imprisonment. It was an acrimonious encounter in which he angrily refuted Mary's contention that Elizabeth was treating her harshly. However, he admitted in his subsequent letter to Cecil that despite his hostility towards Mary, he had found her to be somewhat alluring and advised that she be kept under strict confinement for fear that she would have a similar impact on others. Elizabeth was jealous of her Scottish rival and, although he was at pains to stress that Mary in no way surpassed her in charm and beauty, White could well have forfeited his recently acquired favour had this relation been communicated to his queen; Cecil seems to have kept it from his royal mistress. 1275:

her "doubtful dealing with the Queen of Scots". He made a strong attack on everything he thought Elizabeth had done wrong as queen. In his view, Mary had to be executed because she had become a rallying cause for Catholics and played into the hands of the Spanish and of the pope, who excommunicated Elizabeth in 1570 and sent in Jesuits to organise a Catholic underground. Following the Harleyford Conference of July 1586 these missionaries would set up a highly effective underground system for the transport and support of priests arriving from the Continent. Elizabeth's indecision was maddening; finally in 1587 Elizabeth had Mary executed.

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task of receiving and crafting a wide and large array of papers on behalf of Queen Elizabeth I and her Privy Council; finance, administration, foreign policy, and religion figure prominently, as does the shift from continental war to Ireland. These letters reveal the intimate relationship between the father and son; Burghley's care for his family, his thoughts of death, and a unique record of illness and old age are framed by his political and spiritual anxieties for the future of the Queen and her realms.

5359: 597: 1079:, Cecil proposed to strengthen and revitalise the Navy, making it the centrepiece of English power. He did obtain a firm Anglo-Scottish alliance reflecting the common religion and shared interests of the two countries, as well as an agreement that offered the prospect of a successful conquest of Ireland. However, his strategy ultimately failed. His idea that England's safety required a united British Isles became an axiom of English policy by the 17th century. 1304: 1197: 5094: 1155:; and he had no love for ecclesiastical jurisdiction. His prosecution of the English Catholics made him a recurring character in the "evil counsellor polemics", written by Catholic exiles across the channel. In these pamphlets, polemicists painted a black picture of Burghley as a corrupting influence over the queen. "The Queen will listen to none but unto him", exiled Catholic intelligencer 5810: 1024:, an office which, with his chancellorship of the Garter, he had lost on Mary's accession to the throne. Probably the Queen had more to do with this rumour than Cecil, though he is said to have opposed, in the parliament of 1555 (in which he represented Lincolnshire), a bill for the confiscation of the estates of the 5366:

Memoirs of the life and administration of the Right Honourable William Cecil, Lord Burghley, : containing an historical view of the times in which he lived, and of the many eminent and illustrious persons with whom he was connected; with extracts from his private and official correspondence, and

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Cecil wrote more than 128 letters to his son Robert Cecil over the course of his life, containing words of guidance and perseverance. The collection of letters show the close direction and counsel he gave his son in seeking and obtaining the office of principal secretary, 1593–1598. They describe the

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and the moral duties due to labour. In his economic policy he was motivated by a variety of factors, including those of national independence and self-sufficiency, as well as seeking to balance the interests of the Crown and the subject. Cecil did not believe that economics and politics were separate

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Burghley collapsed (possibly from a stroke or heart attack) in 1598. Before he died, Robert, his only surviving son by his second wife, was ready to step into his shoes as the Queen's principal adviser. Having survived all his children except Robert and Thomas, Burghley died at his London residence,

974:, he did not venture to allege so flimsy an excuse; he preferred to lay stress on the extent to which he succeeded in shifting the responsibility on to the shoulders of his brother-in-law, Sir John Cheke, and other friends, and on his intrigues to frustrate the Queen to whom he had sworn allegiance. 1086:

and Dutch just enough to keep them going in the struggles which warded danger from England's shores. However, Cecil never developed that passionate aversion to decided measures which became a second nature to Elizabeth. His intervention in Scotland in 1559–1560 showed that he could strike hard when

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There is no doubt that Cecil saw which way the wind was blowing, and disliked Northumberland's scheme; but he had not the courage to resist the duke to his face. As soon as the duke had set out to meet Mary, however, Cecil became the most active intriguer against him, and to these efforts, of which

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Cecil set as the main goal of English policy the creation of a united and Protestant British Isles. His methods were to complete the control of Ireland, and to forge an alliance with Scotland. Protection from invasion required a powerful Royal Navy. While he was not fully successful, his successors

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rebellion. He continued to demonstrate his valuable insights to Burghley in regular correspondence throughout the period, including letters of December 1581 on the miseries of war, the need for temperate government, and his fear that the wild Irish were glad to see the weakness of English blood in

1274:

On 25 February 1571, Queen Elizabeth elevated him as Baron Burghley. That Cecil continued to act as Secretary of State after his elevation illustrates the growing importance of the office, which under his son became a secretary of the ship of state. In 1572 Cecil privately admonished the queen for

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In January of that year, he wrote to Sir Thomas Smith: "The Parliament is begun and I trust will be short, for matters of moment to pass are not many, reviving of some old laws for penalties of some felonies and the grant of a subsidy. I think somewhat will be attempted to ascertain the realm of a

1581:

White had been a tutor to Cecil's children during his student days in London, and the correspondence suggests that he was held in lasting affection by the family. In the end, White fell into a Dublin controversy over the confessions of an intriguing priest, which threatened the authority of the

1074:

Dawson argues that Cecil's long-term goal was a united and Protestant British Isles, an objective to be achieved by completing the conquest of Ireland and by creating an Anglo-Scottish alliance. With the land border with Scotland safe, the main burden of defence would fall upon the

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Cecil sought to ensure that policy was commensurate with the royal finances, which often led him advocating a cautious policy. His economic ideas were influenced by the Commonwealthmen of Edward VI's reign: he believed in the necessity of safeguarding the social hierarchy, the

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to hear poor men's complaints. He also seems to have acted as private secretary to the Protector, and was in some danger at the time of the Protector's fall in October 1549. The lords opposed to Somerset ordered his detention on 10 October, and in November he was in the

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or that there was a dichotomy between power and plenty. One of his biographers asserted that, for Burghley, "power was for defence from external enemies; plenty for security at home. Cecil pursued both power and plenty. They were the foreign and domestic aspects of his

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lucidly (nevertheless sometimes bordering on the ridiculous) setting forth the pros and cons of every course of action; but there are few indications of the line which he actually recommended when it came to a decision. How far he was personally responsible for the

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was built as his London residence, an expansion of an existing building. Queen Elizabeth I supped with him there, in July 1561, "before my house was fully finished", Cecil recorded in his diary, calling the place "my rude new cottage." Inherited by his elder son,

963:.) Cecil resisted for a while, in a letter to his wife, he wrote: "Seeing great perils threatened upon us by the likeness of the time, I do make choice to avoid the perils of God's displeasure." However, at Edward's royal command he signed, not only the 1170:, over his persecuting Articles of 1583. The finest encomium was passed on him by the queen herself, when she said, "This judgment I have of you, that you will not be corrupted with any manner of gifts, and that you will be faithful to the state." 1031:. The story, even as told by his biographer, does not represent Cecil's conduct as having been very courageous; and it is more revealing that he found no seat in the parliament of 1558, for which Mary had directed the return of "discreet and good 1843:, in which he and his son Sir Robert Cecil are conspirators and patrons of William Shakespeare in an attempt to restore Elizabeth to power after a Spanish invasion and conquest of England. In addition, he is portrayed as a young man in 819:, as was common at the time for those not intending to enter the Church. The precaution proved useless and four months later Cecil committed one of the rare rash acts of his life in marrying Mary Cheke. The only child of this marriage, 1524:

on the ruins of the old, Catholic order. As such, Burghley was a great builder, planter and patron. All the arts of architecture and horticulture were lavished on Burghley House and Theobalds, which his son exchanged for Hatfield.

4325: 1295:, who declined it and proposed Burghley, stating that the latter was the more suitable candidate because of his greater "learning and knowledge". The new Lord Treasurer's hold over the queen strengthened with the years. 1610:, his erstwhile companion and fellow Irish-born councillor, stating they had been for a long time of 'contrary minds'. In spite of his sympathies for the native Irish he was apparently the author of an extraordinary 851: 1600:

since he was away in England during the deliberations of the meeting. Again, on 28 August 1582 White was accused of withholding his signature to conciliar deliberations on the actions of the deputy during

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of 1559 was considerable, and it coincided fairly with his own Anglican religious views. Like the mass of the nation, he grew more Protestant as time wore on; he was happier to persecute Catholics than

1094:

Generally he was in favour of more decided intervention on behalf of continental Protestants than Elizabeth would have liked, but it is not always easy to ascertain the advice he gave. He left endless

1188:". He deplored the reliance on "foreign corn" and during an economic depression sought to ensure employment due to his fears of "tumults". Cecil used patronage to ensure the loyalty of the nobility. 5757: 3690: 1134: 6721: 1946: 1614:

in which Teig MacGilpatrick O'Connor and Conor MacCormac O'Connor died. His usefulness as an Irish speaker and a nominal protestant made White an essential privy councillor for two decades.

5970: 6641: 5109: 4812:

Gabriel Heaton, 'Elizabethan Entertainments in Manuscript: The Harefield Festivities and the Dynamics of Exchange', in Jayne Elisabeth Archer, Elizabeth Goldring, Sarah Knight,

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Queen and council shared this worry…the return of "Jesuitized" gentlemen…and developed a…system…of detection…to make manifest the treasonous practices of the Jesuit underground.

575: 6262: 1232:. As Master of the Court of Wards, Cecil supervised the raising and education of wealthy, aristocratic boys whose fathers had died before they reached maturity. These included 6761: 6656: 1352:, and to provide a palace fine enough to accommodate the Queen on her visits. The Queen visited there eight times, between 1572 and 1596. An entertainment for Elizabeth, the 914:. In 1548, he was described as the Protector's Master of Requests, which apparently means that he was clerk or registrar of the court of requests which Somerset, possibly at 6711: 1107:, and the foreign policy of the reign, remains to a large extent a matter of conjecture. However, it is most likely that Cecil's views carried the day in the politics of 1126:, the English ambassador to Paris and a paid spy who helped the Spanish at the time of the Spanish Armada. However, they do not claim Cecil knew of Stafford's treason. 6661: 6631: 6565: 6555: 4021: 3929: 3825: 3530: 1512:

William Cecil's private life was upright; he was a faithful husband, a careful father and a dutiful master. A book-lover and antiquarian, he made a special hobby of

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To protect the Protestant government from the accession of a Catholic queen, Northumberland forced King Edward's lawyers to create an instrument setting aside the

1939: 1264: 895:, who states that both he and Cecil began to write independent accounts of the campaign, and that Cecil generously contributed his notes for Patten's narrative, 5613: 1209: 1119:

ruler of England during his tenure as Secretary; pointing out that in instances where his and Elizabeth's wills diverged, it was Cecil's will that was imposed.

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Queen's deputised government in Ireland; out of caution Cecil withdrew his longstanding protection and the judge was imprisoned in London and died soon after.

5743: 3723: 942:. But service under Warwick (by now the Duke of Northumberland) carried some risk, and decades later in his diary, Cecil recorded his release in the phrase " 6716: 6074: 5118: 1229: 633: 6686: 6095: 5924: 5903: 5882: 5861: 5623: 1284: 1237: 117: 1322:. It was subsequently the residence of his descendants, the earls and marquesses of Exeter. The house is one of the principal examples of 16th-century 6766: 6706: 6691: 6068: 1932: 1248:. He is widely credited with reforming an institution notorious for its corruption, but the extent of his reforms has been disputed by some scholars. 1205: 1002: 784:

of the Wardrobe (died 1554), married Jane, daughter of William Heckington of Bourne, and was father of three daughters and the future Lord Burghley.

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was built between 1564 and 1585 by the order of Cecil, intending to build a mansion partly to demonstrate his increasingly dominant status at the

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on 15 June 1553. (The document, which Edward titled "My Devise for the Succession", barred both Elizabeth and Mary, the remaining children of

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wrote, "From 1558 for forty years the biography of Cecil is almost indistinguishable from that of Elizabeth and from the history of England."

6736: 6580: 6278: 6224: 5327: 4972: 4746: 4610: 3994: 3797: 3506: 3335: 3181: 2821: 1473: 939: 911: 749: 6666: 6585: 6488: 6207: 5936: 5855: 5640: 5493: 5471: 3907: 2583: 2462: 1292: 1050:. Before Mary died he was a member of the "old flock of Hatfield", and from the first, the new Queen relied on Cecil. He was the cousin of 864: 129: 4247:

Burghley's cousin was buried in Walterstone Church; the Cecil coat-of-arms, depicted in stained-glass, originally came from Al(l)t-yr-Ynys

5444: 4426:"CECIL, Sir William (1520 or 1521-98), of Little Burghley, Northants., Stamford, Lincs., Wimbledon, Surr., Westminster, Mdx. and London" 4412:"CECIL, Sir William (1520 or 1521-98), of Little Burghley, Northants., Stamford, Lincs., Wimbledon, Surr., Westminster, Mdx. and London" 3894: 3301: 2315: 1750: 1440: 1233: 655: 514: 6751: 6731: 6726: 5750: 4925: 6681: 6478: 6453: 5834: 5828: 5798: 5696: 5461: 3168: 3147: 3059: 3038: 2928: 2808: 2485: 1891: 1245: 1241: 56: 6701: 6483: 6463: 6448: 6377: 6203: 5175: 4863: 4835: 3072: 2941: 2709: 2440: 1267:

of that university on the occasion of Elizabeth's visit in 1564, and M.A. of Oxford on a similar occasion in 1566. He was the first

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Mitchell Leimon and Geoffrey Parker, "Treason and plot in Elizabethan diplomacy: The 'fame of Sir Edward Stafford' reconsidered,"

6560: 5502: 5424: 4931: 2294: 1713: 1354: 1334: 1147: 1100: 982:

or in the humiliation of Mary during Henry's reign, and he made no scruple about conforming to the Catholic reaction. He went to

820: 509: 501: 1651:(1998), although the portrayal was inaccurate in many ways, including in regards to age and length of service. He was played by 823:, the future Earl of Exeter, was born in May 1542, and in February 1543 Cecil's first wife died. On 21 December 1546 he married 6418: 5451: 2556: 1865: 1383: 1371: 934:, and after less than three months he was out of the Tower. On 5 September 1550 Cecil was sworn in as one of King Edward's two 796: 564: 398: 4425: 4411: 6671: 6199: 3019: 2907: 2781: 2677: 831:

as one of the two most learned ladies in the kingdom, (aside from another of Ascham's pupils, Elizabeth Tudor, who was later

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in 1543; but his name does not occur in the imperfect parliamentary returns until 1547, when he was elected for the family

66: 5792: 3701: 72: 6397: 5019: 4303: 6176: 6101: 5576: 5538: 1723: 1685: 1055: 1021: 1013:

successor to this crown, but I fear the unwillingness of her Majesty to have such a person known will stay the matter."

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William Cecil first married Mary Cheke (Cheek), daughter of Peter Cheke of Cambridge and Agnes Duffield (and sister of

978:

he laid a full account before Queen Mary, he mainly owed his immunity. He had, moreover, had no part in the divorce of

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wrote, "and somtymes, she is faine to come to his bedsyde to entreat him in some-things." He warmly remonstrated with

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In February 1581, White demonstrated his independence in council, refusing to sign a letter to the queen regarding

1454: 1123: 892: 6327: 6746: 6741: 6696: 6611: 5596: 5062: 2453: 1800:. Bolt portrays him as intelligent, pragmatic, ruthless and driven by the interests of the State and the Crown. 836: 214: 5948: 588: 6626: 5478: 2061: 1597: 1472:

Elizabeth Cecil (born 1 July 1564), who married William Wentworth of Nettlestead (c. 1555–1582), eldest son of

1323: 1167: 777: 716: 679: 532: 519: 6590: 6433: 6428: 6352: 6237: 5586: 4662: 1808: 1564: 1558: 1405:(born 5 May 1542), who inherited the Barony of Burghley upon the death of his father, and was later created 970:

Years afterwards, he pretended that he had only signed the devise as a witness, but in his apology to Queen

884: 880: 278: 6539: 6504: 6211: 6017: 5650: 1994: 1315: 1252: 1047: 967:, but also the bond among the conspirators and the letters from the council to Mary Tudor of 9 June 1553. 741: 690: 402: 169: 6636: 5246: 3272: 3188: 2419: 1967: 1920: 1737: 1563:

The most prolonged of Cecil's surviving personal correspondences, lasting from 1566 until 1590, is with

1485: 1466: 903: 663: 620:(13 September 1520 – 4 August 1598) was an English statesman, the chief adviser of Queen 647:

agreed with his goals. In 1587, Cecil persuaded the Queen to order the execution of the Roman Catholic

6621: 6616: 6011: 5995: 5782: 1796: 1642: 1607: 1586: 1256: 1185: 1088: 1035: 952: 765: 745: 675: 648: 536: 352: 43: 5034: 4765:

Husselby, Jill; Henderson, Paula (2002). "Location, Location, Location! Cecil House on the Strand".

811:. He also acquired the affections of Cheke's sister, Mary, and was in 1541 removed by his father to 6458: 6307: 5769: 5630: 5333: 5217: 1904: 1900: 1844: 1652: 1630: 1288: 1108: 998: 979: 629: 596: 84: 52: 5186:

Dawson, Jane E. A. "William Cecil and the British Dimension of early Elizabethan foreign policy,"

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Jane E. A. Dawson, "William Cecil and the British Dimension of early Elizabethan foreign policy,"

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7th Marquess of Salisbury, 13th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3936:

6th Marquess of Salisbury, 12th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3832:

5th Marquess of Salisbury, 11th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3717:

4th Marquess of Salisbury, 10th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

6509: 6468: 6357: 6188: 5979: 5766: 5704: 5150: 4782: 4454:

Jane E.A. Dawson, "William Cecil and the British Dimension of Early Elizabethan Foreign Policy,"

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3rd Marquess of Salisbury, 9th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3438:

2nd Marquess of Salisbury, 8th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3329:

1st Marquess of Salisbury, 7th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3254: 2415: 2270: 1963: 1781: 1481: 1462: 1063: 659: 388: 360: 1625:

He has long been considered a likely model for the character of the King's calculating minister

1326:, reflecting the prominence of its founder, and the lucrative wool trade of the Cecil estates. 1303: 6139: 5893: 5559: 5547: 5531: 5323: 5171: 4859: 4831: 4742: 4674: 4644: 4606: 2275: 1959: 1663: 1418: 1156: 1139: 840: 5348: 4853: 6473: 6367: 6297: 6149: 6005: 5667: 5512: 5396: 5370: 5165: 5058: 4936: 4774: 1877: 1840: 1820: 1756: 1668: 1657: 1647: 1450: 1402: 888: 753: 384: 181: 5392: 6514: 6443: 6438: 6128: 6107: 5982: 5657: 5603: 5555: 5527: 5133: 4976: 2716: 2492: 1882: 1732: 1611: 1606:

Ireland. In a missive of 13 September 1582 White complained of the unfriendly dealings of

1458: 1341: 1319: 1104: 1054:, Elizabeth's longest serving gentlewoman and close confidante. Elizabeth appointed Cecil 924: 816: 792: 554: 315: 136: 6247: 5335:

HMC Calendar of Manuscripts of the Marquis of Salisbury: The Cecil Manuscripts, 1306–1595

5167:

The Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England: Essays in Response to Patrick Collinson

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Cecil has been a character in many works of fiction connected with Elizabeth I's reign.

6519: 6423: 6302: 6218: 6182: 6155: 6118: 6050: 6029: 5986: 5872: 5773: 5717: 5105: 5066: 4735: 4667: 2948: 2247: 2123: 1955: 1887: 1824: 1762: 1593: 1537: 1501: 1493: 1453:(born 1 June 1563), who inherited his father's political mantle, taking on the role of 1444: 1406: 1311: 1217: 1112: 983: 960: 919: 872: 828: 808: 700: 696: 686: 683: 640: 546: 410: 303: 31: 5403: 1091:, proved that he was willing to take on responsibilities from which the Queen shrank. 6605: 6524: 6387: 6347: 6317: 6056: 5388: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5222: 5158: 5113: 5100: 2163: 1854: 1728: 1708: 1694: 1680: 1573: 1414: 1349: 1260: 1160: 1059: 1051: 1017: 987: 824: 812: 730: 712: 464: 1318:, was built for Cecil, between 1555 and 1587, and modelled on the privy lodgings of 1196: 1046:

The Duke of Northumberland had employed Cecil in the administration of the lands of

795:, which he later saved and endowed. In May 1535, at the age of fourteen, he went to 6534: 6529: 6402: 6362: 5727: 5434: 5281: 4438: 4381: 1886:, which is the second instalment of her “All Souls” Trilogy. Cecil is portrayed by 1870: 1850: 1742: 1698: 1690: 1676: 1672: 915: 868: 800: 773: 406: 356: 4955: 4828:

The Letters of Lord Burghley, Willam Cecil, to his son Sir Robert Cecil, 1593–1598

1520:. It was the conscious and unconscious aim of the age to reconstruct a new landed 5310: 744:, had moved to Stamford. David Cecil secured the favour of the first Tudor king, 6382: 6372: 6166: 6062: 5914: 5569: 2265: 1791: 1746: 1703: 1521: 1379: 1329: 832: 748:, to whom he was yeoman of the chamber. He was elected Member of Parliament for 708: 621: 550: 380: 376: 266: 254: 202: 157: 105: 4940: 1082:

Though a Protestant, Cecil was not a religious purist; he aided the Protestant

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in 1563. In January 1561, he was given the lucrative office of Master of the

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Engraving of Queen Elizabeth I, William Cecil and Sir Francis Walsingham, by

432: 418: 17: 6085: 5845: 5299:(Bangor, Wales, 1991), short biography; sees him as power behind the throne 5214:

Governing by Virtue: Lord Burghley and the Management of Elizabethan England

5122:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 816–817. 1832: 1517: 1095: 1066:

made him the most important minister for the majority of Elizabeth's reign.

1062:, and the creation of a capable intelligence service under the direction of 876: 799:, where he was brought into contact with the foremost scholars of the time, 734: 704: 299: 5406:

at luminarium.org, Excerpted from Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th Ed. Vol IV.

4629:

Nicolini, Giovanni (1854). "Proceedings of the Jesuits throughout Europe".

1585:

White's most remarked-upon service for Cecil is his report on his visit to

4678: 4648: 1718: 1626: 1602: 1513: 1345: 1220:; but there seems no good evidence for the story that he was proposed as 1164: 1152: 1083: 1032: 5153:. "The monarchical republic of Queen Elizabeth I." (1987) in Collinson, 4993: 4576: 5809: 4786: 1291:

under Edward, Mary and Elizabeth, died. His vacant post was offered to

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6th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

3066:

5th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

2935:

4th Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

2815:

3rd Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

2590:

2nd Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

2322:

1st Earl of Salisbury, Viscount Cranborne, and Baron Cecil of Essendon

1212:

in that of 1563, and he took an active part in the proceedings of the

1058:. His tight control over the finances of the Crown, leadership of the 666:), which has produced many politicians including two prime ministers. 4706:

Sweet Robin: A Biography of Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester 1533-1588

1635: 991: 990:

on his return to England in December 1554, again accompanying him to

971: 781: 707:, associated him with the Welsh Cecils or Seisyllts of Allt-Yr-Ynys, 4778: 1504:, who succeeded Salisbury as Prime Minister, was also a descendant. 30:"Lord Burghley" redirects here. For other holders of the title, see 27:

English statesman and chief adviser to Queen Elizabeth I (1520–1598)

4603:

Error, Misuse, Failure: Object Lessons From The English Renaissance

1488:, descended from his younger son Robert. One of the latter branch, 5140:(Yale University Press, 2008); sees him as power behind the throne 5099:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the

4494:

Law and Conscience: Catholicism in Early Modern England, 1570-1625

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Leimon and Parker argue that Cecil was the principal protector of

850: 5349:"Archival material relating to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley" 5314:, Camden Fifth Series, vol. 53, Cambridge University Press, 2018 986:, confessed, and in no particular official capacity went to meet 4006:

8th Marquess of Exeter, 17th Earl of Exeter, 18th Baron Burghley

3914:

7th Marquess of Exeter, 16th Earl of Exeter, 17th Baron Burghley

3901:

6th Marquess of Exeter, 15th Earl of Exeter, 16th Baron Burghley

3804:

5th Marquess of Exeter, 14th Earl of Exeter, 15th Baron Burghley

3684:

4th Marquess of Exeter, 13th Earl of Exeter, 14th Baron Burghley

3513:

3rd Marquess of Exeter, 12th Earl of Exeter, 13th Baron Burghley

3417:

2nd Marquess of Exeter, 11th Earl of Exeter, 12th Baron Burghley

3308:

1st Marquess of Exeter, 10th Earl of Exeter, 11th Baron Burghley

6251: 5952: 5739: 1492:(1830–1903), served three times as Prime Minister, under 1358:

in May 1591 alluded to Burghley's retirement from public life.

651:, after she was implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth. 4507:

The Letters and Despatches of Richard Verstegan (c. 1550-1640)

1770: 1465:. He was created Baron Cecil, Viscount Cranborne, and finally 1016:

It was rumoured in December 1554 that Cecil would succeed Sir

1823:, and is a prominent secondary character in several books by 875:

during the early years of the reign of his nephew, the young

863:

William Cecil's early career was spent in the service of the

2520:

Barony Cecil of Putney and viscounty Wimbledon extinct, 1638

1578:, but receives hardly a mention in the literature on Cecil. 4814:

Progresses, Pageants, and Entertainments of Queen Elizabeth

1661:. He was a prominent supporting character in the 1937 film 5204:

The great Lord Burghley: a study in Elizabethan statecraft

729:. Lord Burghley acknowledged that the family was from the 5249:"Cecil, William, first Baron Burghley (1520/21–1598)", 4273: 1857:, featuring Elizabeth I's half-sister, Ursula Blanchard. 4291:

The Progresses and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth

4271: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4200: 1679:; Burghley (spelled Burleigh in the film) was played by 1429:

and Anne Fitzwilliam, and they had the following issue:

600:

Coat of arms of William Cecil as found in John Gerard's

902:

Cecil, according to his autobiographical notes, sat in

592:

Quartered arms of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, KG

5157:(1994); highly influential essay stressed elements of 5297:

William Cecil, Lord Burghley: Minister of Elizabeth I

4605:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. p. 160. 1683:. He also appears in the 2005 television mini-series 772:. He, according to Burghley's enemies, kept the best 5367:

other papers, now first published from the originals

5312:

Letters of Lord Burghley to Sir Robert Cecil, 1593–8

5269:

Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588.

6548: 6497: 6411: 6335: 6285: 6165: 6138: 6117: 6084: 6039: 5994: 5913: 5892: 5871: 5844: 5817: 5781: 5138:

Burghley: William Cecil at the Court of Elizabeth I

4720:

Burghley: William Cecil at the Court of Elizabeth I

4563:

Queens Wards: Wardship and Marriage Under Elizabeth

1853:. Burghley also appears in the espionage novels of 570: 560: 542: 528: 494: 456: 394: 366: 342: 337: 321: 309: 295: 272: 260: 250: 232: 220: 208: 198: 175: 163: 153: 135: 123: 111: 101: 83: 41: 4924: 4734: 4666: 4428:. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons. 4414:. The History of Parliament: the House of Commons. 4304:"CECIL DAVID, (c. 1460-?1540), of Stamford, Lincs" 1457:, and arranging a smooth transfer of power to the 1439:(born 5 December 1556), who was the first wife of 658:, and founder of the Cecil dynasty (marquesses of 5234:The Cecils: Privilege and Power behind the Throne 4983:. London: Macmillan & Co., 1869. pp. 299–310. 4801:The Cecils: Privilege and Power behind the throne 5262:The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime, 1558–1572 2469:1st Viscount Wimbledon and Baron Cecil of Putney 1087:necessary; and his action over the execution of 4855:The Causes of the English Revolution, 1529-1642 4399:England under the Reigns of Edward VI. and Mary 4386:England under the Reigns of Edward VI. and Mary 1484:, descended from his elder son Thomas; and the 699:, elaborated by Cecil himself with the help of 6722:People educated at The King's School, Grantham 6642:Secretaries of state of the Kingdom of England 6263: 5964: 5751: 5022:. 6 February 1958 – via news.bbc.co.uk. 5020:"1958: United players killed in air disaster" 4509:(London: Catholic Record Society 1959) p. 59. 1940: 1835:. He also appears in the alternative history 1749:-winning children's comedy television series 948:" ("I was freed from this miserable court"). 8: 4935:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 4830:(Volume 53 ed.). Cambridge University. 4693:Queen of Scots: The True Life of Mary Stuart 4669:An Autobiography from the Jesuit Underground 1890:in the television adaptation of the triogy, 1863:portrays Cecil in the 2018 historical drama 787:William, the only son, was put to school at 5276:William Cecil, Ireland, and the Tudor State 3519:James Emilius William Evelyn Gascoyne-Cecil 1803:Cecil appears as a character in the novels 943: 724: 602:The herball or Generall historie of plantes 6762:People from Northamptonshire (before 1974) 6657:Chancellors of the University of Cambridge 6270: 6256: 6248: 5971: 5957: 5949: 5925:William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester 5904:William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester 5883:William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester 5862:William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester 5758: 5744: 5736: 5409: 5400:, April 1832, at Online Library of Liberty 5357: 4458:, June 1989, Vol. 74 Issue 241, pp 196-216 4326:"Cecil, William (Lord Burghley) (CCL535W)" 4147:Robert Edward "Ned" William Gascoyne-Cecil 1947: 1933: 1925: 1238:Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton 1005:in 1553 (probably), 1555 and 1559 and for 945:ex misero aulico factus liber et mei juris 835:) and whose sister, Anne, was the wife of 752:five times, between 1504 and 1523. He was 38: 6549:Knights and Ladies Companion (since 1937) 5057:The house, on the site of the rectory of 4803:(The National Archives, 2007). pp. 124-5. 3783:Viscounty Cecil of Chelwood extinct, 1958 1567:, an Irish judge. It is contained in the 5292:(vol. 2 1961); highly detailed narrative 5251:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 4547: 4545: 1876:William Cecil appears as a character in 1208:in the Parliament of 1555 and 1559, and 595: 587: 480: 291:5 September 1550 – 19 July 1553 246:22 November 1558 – 13 July 1572 6662:Chancellors of the University of Dublin 6632:Peers of England created by Elizabeth I 5071:John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland 5050: 4932:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4673:. New York: Farrar, Straus and Cudahy. 4517: 4515: 4467: 4277: 4222: 4196: 3154:9th Earl of Exeter, 10th Baron Burghley 1780:As a stage character Cecil features in 1490:Robert Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury 1200:Cecil presiding over the Court of Wards 807:, and acquired an unusual knowledge of 6712:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge 6652:Chancellors of the Order of the Garter 6279:Chancellors of the Order of the Garter 5687:Chancellor of the University of Dublin 3045:8th Earl of Exeter, 9th Baron Burghley 3032:7th Earl of Exeter, 8th Baron Burghley 2914:6th Earl of Exeter, 7th Baron Burghley 2794:5th Earl of Exeter, 6th Baron Burghley 2684:4th Earl of Exeter, 5th Baron Burghley 2569:3rd Earl of Exeter, 4th Baron Burghley 2447:2nd Earl of Exeter, 3rd Baron Burghley 2301:1st Earl of Exeter, 2nd Baron Burghley 1954:Cecil family tree, including earls of 1269:Chancellor of the University of Dublin 4760: 4758: 4166: 4164: 4146: 4144: 4128: 4126: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4084: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4054: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4020: 4018: 4011: 4009: 3993: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3985: 3979: 3977: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3943: 3928: 3926: 3919: 3917: 3906: 3904: 3893: 3877: 3875: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3839: 3824: 3822: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3796: 3781: 3779: 3777: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3755: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3747: 3741: 3722: 3720: 3709: 3707: 3700: 3689: 3687: 3676: 3664: 3662: 3660: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3626: 3590: 3574: 3572: 3570: 3544: 3529: 3527: 3518: 3516: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3479: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3432:James Brownlow William Gascoyne-Cecil 3430: 3428: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3387: 3375: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3349: 3334: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3292: 3286: 3280: 3278: 3270: 3268: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3244: 3238: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3204: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3180: 3178: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3161: 3159: 3157: 3146: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3124: 3112: 3110: 3108: 3106: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3071: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3050: 3048: 3037: 3035: 3018: 3000: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2956: 2940: 2938: 2927: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2884: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2820: 2807: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2708: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2654: 2642: 2640: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2624: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2616: 2595: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2541: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2525: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2508: 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2474: 2472: 2461: 2459: 2452: 2450: 2439: 2433: 2427: 2425: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2393: 2365: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2329: 2314: 2312: 2310: 2308: 2306: 2304: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2213: 2201: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2177: 2162: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2121: 2119: 2117: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2091: 2089: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1474:Thomas Wentworth, 2nd Baron Wentworth 940:chancellor of the Order of the Garter 632:from 1572. In his description in the 7: 5937:Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset 5856:Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset 4708:(London: Hamish Hamilton 1981) p.217 4496:(Aldershot: Ashgate 2007) pp. 61-62. 3724:Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 1443:, and, before marriage, served as a 1382:on 4 August 1598, and was buried in 1293:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester 918:'s instigation, illegally set up in 879:. Cecil accompanied Somerset on his 484: 5320:The Execution of Justice in England 5286:Secretary Cecil and Queen Elizabeth 5271:(1981), advanced scholarly analysis 5264:(1968), advanced scholarly analysis 5033:McConnell, Paul (5 February 2015). 4505:R. Verstegan and A.G. Petti (ed.), 4359:(New York: Macmillan 1967) pp.45-46 3531:Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil 1441:Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford 1299:Burghley, Cecil House and Theobalds 1234:Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford 656:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury 515:Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury 6717:People educated at Stamford School 6236:Italics indicate service when the 5835:Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 5829:Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 5799:Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk 5201:Hume, Martin Andrew Sharp (1898). 4737:Burghley:The life of a great house 4372:Dood, Mead & Co. 1939 pp.63-65 4346:Dood, Mead & Co. 1939 pp.61,62 4022:Robert Edward Peter Gascoyne-Cecil 3930:Robert Edward Peter Gascoyne-Cecil 3826:Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil 3711:James Edward Hubert Gascoyne-Cecil 2486:Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk 1337:, it was known as "Exeter House". 1246:Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland 1242:Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex 887:), being one of the two Judges of 740:The Lord Treasurer's grandfather, 693:), and his wife, Jane Heckington. 97:July 1572 – 4 August 1598 25: 6687:Lord-lieutenants of Hertfordshire 5931:William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley 5290:Lord Burghley and Queen Elizabeth 5227:Reader's Guide to British History 1827:. He is a prominent character in 1777:), he is played by Philip Rosch. 1612:trial by combat in September 1583 1540:, in his article on Cecil in the 1251:In February 1559, he was elected 932:John Dudley, then Earl of Warwick 723:is an anglicisation of the Welsh 609:William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley 6767:16th-century English politicians 6707:People from Bourne, Lincolnshire 6692:Lord-lieutenants of Lincolnshire 6412:Bishops of Salisbury (1671–1837) 6326: 6286:Bishops of Salisbury (1477–1550) 5808: 5503:Lord Lieutenant of Hertfordshire 5425:Custos Rotulorum of Lincolnshire 5318:Burghley, William Cecil, baron, 5278:(Oxford University Press, 2012). 5229:(2003) 1: 239–40, historiography 5092: 4858:. Psychology Press. p. 83. 1903:G-ALZU that crashed in the 1958 1480:Cecil's descendants include the 1335:Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter 997:He was elected to Parliament as 959:, from the throne, in favour of 827:, who was ranked by Ascham with 733:in a family pedigree painted at 574: 510:Anne de Vere, Countess of Oxford 502:Thomas Cecil, 1st Earl of Exeter 65: 6677:Lord high treasurers of England 5452:Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire 5253:Oxford University Press, 2004 5164:John F. McDiarmid, ed. (2007). 5065:, disgraced for his support of 4773:. SAHGB Publications: 160–164. 4733:Leatham, Lady Victoria (1992). 4665:(1955). Caraman, Philip (ed.). 3920:William Alexander Evering Cecil 3696:2nd Baroness Amherst of Hackney 1775:Queen Elizabeth's Secret Agents 930:Cecil ingratiated himself with 476: 6591:The Baroness Manningham-Buller 5110:Burghley, William Cecil, Baron 4293:, London 1832, vol. III p. 242 3730:1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood 1741:(2011). Cecil is portrayed by 938:. In April 1551, Cecil became 867:(a brother of the late queen, 628:(1550–1553 and 1558–1572) and 1: 6757:16th-century English nobility 6647:People of the Elizabethan era 6498:Bishops of Oxford (1837–1937) 5793:John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham 5322:, 1583. Facsimile ed., 1936, 5209:, full text online of classic 4561:Hurstfeld, Joel (June 1973). 4401:London 1839 vol.II pp.201-207 4388:London 1839 vol.II pp.192-195 3995:William Michael Anthony Cecil 3798:William Thomas Brownlow Cecil 3023: 2830: 2785: 2600: 2560: 2065: 2005: 1998: 1355:Hermit's Welcome at Theobalds 856: 776:in Stamford. His eldest son, 624:for most of her reign, twice 73:Marcus Gheeraerts the Younger 6737:English MPs 1553 (Edward VI) 5614:The Lord Howard of Effingham 4956:UK public library membership 4170: 4167:James Richard Gascoyne-Cecil 4150: 4138:5th Baron Amherst of Hackney 4132: 4112: 4026: 4016:4th Baron Amherst of Hackney 3999: 3924:3rd Baron Amherst of Hackney 3908:William Martin Alleyne Cecil 2826: 1831:, a novel of Elizabeth I by 1433:Frances Cecil (born c. 1556) 1384:St Martin's Church, Stamford 1372:St Martin's Church, Stamford 1115:contends that Cecil was the 897:The Expedition into Scotland 797:St John's College, Cambridge 565:St John's College, Cambridge 444:St Martin's Church, Stamford 227:The Lord Howard of Effingham 6667:Clerks of the Privy Council 6576:The Marquess of Abergavenny 6336:Lay chancellors (1551–1671) 4330:A Cambridge Alumni Database 4306:. Hist of Parliament Online 3895:David George Brownlow Cecil 3678:Brownlow Henry George Cecil 1767:Elizabeth I's Secret Agents 1765:. In the BBC TV miniseries 1226:Court of Wards and Liveries 1216:until his elevation to the 855:Portrait of William Cecil, 789:The King's School, Grantham 762:Sheriff of Northamptonshire 6788: 6096:1st Marquess of Winchester 6069:1st Baron Audley of Walden 5624:The Marquess of Winchester 4445:1732–1735 vol.I p.11 4332:. University of Cambridge. 4129:Hugh William Amherst Cecil 4012:William Hugh Amherst Cecil 3691:Mary Rothes Margaret Cecil 3667:Viscount Cecil of Chelwood 1556: 1461:administration under King 1204:William Cecil represented 883:campaign of 1547 (part of 118:The Marquess of Winchester 29: 6682:Lord-lieutenants of Essex 6566:The Marquess of Salisbury 6324: 6234: 5806: 5724: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5693: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5664: 5655: 5647: 5637: 5628: 5620: 5610: 5601: 5593: 5583: 5574: 5566: 5552: 5536: 5524: 5519: 5509: 5500: 5485: 5476: 5468: 5458: 5449: 5441: 5431: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5257:doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4983 5145:Burghley: Tudor statesman 5106:Pollard, Albert Frederick 4981:Shakspeareana Genealogica 4539:Beckingsale, pp. 206-207. 4483:(1996) 111#444 pp 1134-58 4481:English Historical Review 4157:styled Viscount Cranborne 4094: 4092: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4070: 4062: 4060: 4052: 4050: 3975: 3973: 3965: 3963: 3955: 3953: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3863: 3861: 3853: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3841: 3790: 3788: 3775: 3773: 3765: 3761: 3745: 3743: 3698: 3658: 3656: 3648: 3646: 3630: 3628: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3602: 3600: 3598: 3588: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3554: 3552: 3550: 3524:styled Viscount Cranborne 3491: 3489: 3487: 3477: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3457: 3455: 3395: 3385: 3381: 3361: 3359: 3332: 3284: 3282: 3236: 3234: 3226: 3224: 3208: 3206: 3132: 3122: 3118: 3098: 3096: 3069: 3012: 3010: 3008: 2998: 2996: 2988: 2986: 2970: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2892: 2882: 2878: 2858: 2856: 2818: 2764: 2762: 2754: 2752: 2736: 2734: 2703:styled Viscount Cranborne 2662: 2652: 2648: 2628: 2626: 2593: 2539: 2537: 2529: 2527: 2512: 2510: 2478: 2476: 2431: 2429: 2407: 2405: 2397: 2395: 2387: 2385: 2383: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2353: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2221: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2160: 2097: 2095: 2036: 2034: 1962:(1605) and marquesses of 1761:(2015), he was played by 1645:depicted him in the film 1370:Tomb of William Cecil in 1271:, between 1592 and 1598. 815:, without having taken a 582: 520:Elizabeth Cecil-Wentworth 333: 284: 239: 187: 142: 90: 79: 64: 5479:Lord Lieutenant of Essex 5393:"Burleigh and His Times" 4968:French, George Russell. 4923:Crawford, Jon G (2004). 4718:Alford, Stephen (2008). 4357:Burghley Tudor Statesman 4177:2nd in line to Salisbury 1755:; in the spin-off film, 1324:Elizabethan architecture 1168:Archbishop of Canterbury 6075:1st Earl of Southampton 5543:1550–1553 5404:William Cecil (1521–98) 5267:MacCaffrey, Wallace T. 5260:MacCaffrey, Wallace T. 5190:74#241 (1989): 196–216. 5119:Encyclopædia Britannica 4975:10 October 2008 at the 4852:Lawrence Stone (2001). 4826:Acres, William (2017). 4816:(Oxford, 2007), p. 229. 4370:Elizabeth and Leycester 4344:Elizabeth and Leycester 4238:74#241 (1989): 196-216. 4161:Salisbury heir apparent 1721:in the 2005 miniseries 1569:State Papers Ireland 63 1559:Nicholas White (lawyer) 1542:Encyclopedia Britannica 1486:Marquesses of Salisbury 1398:), and they had issue: 635:Encyclopædia Britannica 71:Portrait attributed to 6358:Sir Francis Walsingham 6240:was held in Commission 5651:Sir Francis Walsingham 5247:MacCaffrey, Wallace T. 5170:. Ashgate. p. 7. 4941:10.1093/ref:odnb/29263 4632:History of the Jesuits 4601:Yates, Julian (2003). 4581:Trinity College Dublin 4565:. Frank Cass & Co. 4368:Frederick Chamberlin: 4342:Frederick Chamberlin: 1899:The Elizabethan-class 1893:A Discovery of Witches 1701:in the 1971 TV series 1550: 1500:. The latter's nephew 1374: 1308: 1201: 1143: 944: 860: 725: 691:Stamford, Lincolnshire 678:, in 1520, the son of 605: 593: 170:Sir Francis Walsingham 6752:English MPs 1563–1567 6732:English MPs 1547–1552 6727:English MPs 1542–1544 6702:Members of Gray's Inn 6672:Knights of the Garter 6225:1st Viscount Brackley 5472:The Earl of Leicester 5429:1549–aft. 1584 5274:Maginn, Christopher. 5035:"Munich Air Disaster" 4926:"White, Sir Nicholas" 4903:"White, Sir Nicholas" 4881:"White, Sir Nicholas" 4767:Architectural History 4741:. Herbert Press Ltd. 4141:2nd in line to Exeter 3818:William Amherst Cecil 3273:Marquess of Salisbury 3189:Marquess of Downshire 2420:Baron Cecil of Putney 1921:Wimbledon Manor House 1727:. He is portrayed by 1546: 1447:to Queen Elizabeth I. 1417:, eldest daughter of 1413:Secondly, he married 1369: 1306: 1199: 1146:Cecil's share in the 1137: 854: 654:He was the father of 599: 591: 460:Mary Cheke (d. 1543) 6586:The Duke of Abercorn 6556:The Duke of Portland 5770:Lord High Treasurers 5353:UK National Archives 4577:"Former Chancellors" 4551:Beckingsale, p. 207. 4530:Beckingsale, p. 208. 4521:Beckingsale, p. 206. 4123:Exeter heir apparent 4119:styled Lord Burghley 3257:(2nd creation), 1801 2278:(5th creation), 1605 1797:Vivat! Vivat Regina! 1769:(2017, broadcast on 1714:Mary, Queen of Scots 1643:Richard Attenborough 1587:Mary, Queen of Scots 1482:Marquesses of Exeter 1257:Cambridge University 1186:economic nationalism 1148:Religious Settlement 1089:Mary, Queen of Scots 953:Third Succession Act 936:secretaries of state 766:Justice of the Peace 676:Bourne, Lincolnshire 649:Mary, Queen of Scots 483:; died 44:The Right Honourable 6581:The Lord Carrington 6571:The Viscount Cobham 6561:The Earl of Halifax 6459:Robert Hay Drummond 5631:Lord High Treasurer 5462:The Earl of Rutland 5445:The Earl of Rutland 5255:accessed 5 Dec 2012 5241:Elizabeth I: A Life 5216:(Oxford UP, 2015). 5143:Beckingsale, B. W. 5061:, was built by Sir 4470:, pp. 816–817. 3507:William Allen Cecil 1905:Munich air disaster 1901:Airspeed Ambassador 1866:Mary Queen of Scots 1697:; was portrayed by 1631:William Shakespeare 1314:, near the town of 1289:Lord High Treasurer 1109:Elizabethan England 1101:Anglican Settlement 999:knight of the shire 980:Catherine of Aragon 711:, on the border of 630:Lord High Treasurer 428: / 85:Lord High Treasurer 6772:Court of Edward VI 6510:Samuel Wilberforce 6208:1st Earl of Dorset 6196:1st Baron Burghley 6189:Christopher Hatton 5705:Peerage of England 5641:The Earl of Dorset 5597:Sir Nicholas Bacon 5577:Secretary of State 5539:Secretary of State 5520:Political offices 5494:The Earl of Sussex 5490:Title next held by 5295:Smith, Alan G. R. 5193:Graves, M. A. R. 5155:Elizabethan essays 5151:Collinson, Patrick 5069:and executed with 4970:"Notes on Hamlet." 4443:Desiderata Curiosa 4355:B.W. Beckingsale: 3255:Marquess of Exeter 2416:Viscount Wimbledon 2271:Viscount Cranborne 2157:1st Baron Burghley 1813:The Virgin's Lover 1782:Friedrich Schiller 1752:Horrible Histories 1618:In popular culture 1596:'s actions in the 1496:and her son, King 1463:James I of England 1375: 1309: 1202: 1144: 1064:Francis Walsingham 1056:Secretary of State 1048:Princess Elizabeth 1042:Reign of Elizabeth 1022:Secretary of State 885:the "Rough Wooing" 861: 837:Sir Nicholas Bacon 674:Cecil was born in 626:Secretary of State 606: 594: 433:52.6490°N 0.4774°W 399:St Martin's Church 389:Kingdom of England 361:Kingdom of England 234:Secretary of State 215:Sir Nicholas Bacon 130:The Earl of Dorset 6599: 6598: 6388:Sir Francis Crane 6348:Sir William Petre 6343:Sir William Cecil 6293:Richard Beauchamp 6245: 6244: 6204:10th Baron Cobham 6200:1st Baron Hunsdon 5946: 5945: 5734: 5733: 5725:Succeeded by 5697:The Earl of Essex 5694:Succeeded by 5675:Academic offices 5665:Succeeded by 5638:Succeeded by 5611:Succeeded by 5584:Succeeded by 5560:Sir William Petre 5553:Succeeded by 5548:Sir William Petre 5532:Sir William Petre 5510:Succeeded by 5459:Succeeded by 5432:Succeeded by 5328:978-0-8201-1175-9 4954:(Subscription or 4748:978-1-871569-47-6 4612:978-0-8166-3961-8 4492:Stefania Tutino, 4188: 4187: 4184: 4183: 2276:Earl of Salisbury 1711:in the 1971 film 1664:Fire Over England 1655:in the 1935 film 1598:Munster rebellion 1467:Earl of Salisbury 1419:Sir Anthony Cooke 1263:; he was created 1259:in succession to 1228:in succession to 1157:Richard Verstegan 1140:William Faithorne 1130:Domestic politics 841:Sir Francis Bacon 680:Sir Richard Cecil 586: 585: 533:Sir Richard Cecil 350:13 September 1520 48:The Lord Burghley 16:(Redirected from 6779: 6747:English MPs 1559 6742:English MPs 1555 6697:Lords Privy Seal 6612:Lord chancellors 6474:Shute Barrington 6403:Sir Henry de Vic 6398:Sir James Palmer 6378:Sir John Herbert 6363:Sir Amias Paulet 6353:Sir Thomas Smith 6330: 6298:Lionel Woodville 6272: 6265: 6258: 6249: 6150:Stephen Gardiner 6143:(July 1553–1558) 6006:Thomas Rotherham 5983:Lord Chancellors 5973: 5966: 5959: 5950: 5906:(July 1553–1558) 5897:(July 1553–1558) 5812: 5760: 5753: 5746: 5737: 5722:1571–1598 5691:1592–1598 5668:Sir Robert Cecil 5662:1590–1598 5648:Preceded by 5635:1572–1598 5621:Preceded by 5608:1571–1572 5594:Preceded by 5587:Sir Thomas Smith 5581:1558–1572 5567:Preceded by 5525:Preceded by 5513:Sir Robert Cecil 5507:1588–1598 5483:1588–1598 5469:Preceded by 5456:1587–1598 5442:Preceded by 5413:Honorary titles 5410: 5397:Edinburgh Review 5371:Internet Archive 5361: 5356: 5309:Acres, William, 5208: 5181: 5123: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5074: 5059:St Clement Danes 5055: 5043: 5042: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4990: 4984: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4928: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4850:See citation in 4848: 4842: 4841: 4823: 4817: 4810: 4804: 4797: 4791: 4790: 4762: 4753: 4752: 4740: 4730: 4724: 4723: 4715: 4709: 4702: 4696: 4689: 4683: 4682: 4672: 4659: 4653: 4652: 4626: 4620: 4619: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4587: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4540: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4522: 4519: 4510: 4503: 4497: 4490: 4484: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4452: 4446: 4436: 4430: 4429: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4408: 4402: 4395: 4389: 4379: 4373: 4366: 4360: 4353: 4347: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4322: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4248: 4245: 4239: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4174: 4172: 4154: 4152: 4136: 4134: 4116: 4114: 4030: 4028: 4003: 4001: 3028: 3025: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2790: 2787: 2605: 2602: 2565: 2562: 2070: 2067: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2000: 1975: 1974: 1949: 1942: 1935: 1926: 1878:Deborah Harkness 1841:Harry Turtledove 1821:Philippa Gregory 1724:The Virgin Queen 1669:Laurence Olivier 1658:Drake of England 1451:Sir Robert Cecil 1403:Sir Thomas Cecil 1230:Sir Thomas Parry 1214:House of Commons 1210:Northamptonshire 1111:. The historian 1007:Northamptonshire 947: 891:. The other was 865:Duke of Somerset 858: 754:Sergeant-of-Arms 728: 637:Eleventh Edition 619: 578: 488: 486: 482: 478: 452: 451: 449: 448: 447: 445: 440: 439: 438:52.6490; -0.4774 434: 429: 426: 425: 424: 421: 373: 338:Personal details 324: 312: 289: 275: 263: 244: 223: 211: 192: 182:Sir Robert Cecil 178: 166: 147: 126: 114: 95: 69: 59: 39: 21: 6787: 6786: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6776: 6627:Barons Burghley 6602: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6544: 6515:John Mackarness 6493: 6444:Thomas Sherlock 6439:Benjamin Hoadly 6407: 6383:Sir George More 6373:Sir Edward Dyer 6368:Sir John Wolley 6331: 6322: 6281: 6276: 6246: 6241: 6230: 6169: 6161: 6142: 6134: 6129:Thomas Goodrich 6121: 6113: 6108:Thomas Goodrich 6088: 6080: 6043: 6035: 5998: 5990: 5977: 5947: 5942: 5917: 5909: 5896: 5888: 5875: 5867: 5848: 5840: 5821: 5813: 5804: 5785: 5777: 5764: 5730: 5721: 5699: 5690: 5670: 5661: 5658:Lord Privy Seal 5653: 5643: 5634: 5626: 5616: 5607: 5604:Lord Privy Seal 5599: 5589: 5580: 5572: 5562: 5558: 5556:Sir John Bourne 5544: 5542: 5534: 5530: 5528:Nicholas Wotton 5515: 5506: 5491: 5482: 5474: 5464: 5455: 5447: 5437: 5428: 5347: 5344: 5306: 5304:Primary sources 5288:(vol 1 1955); 5239:Loades, David. 5232:Loades, David. 5212:Jones, Norman. 5200: 5178: 5163: 5134:Alford, Stephen 5130: 5128:Further reading 5104: 5093: 5091: 5083: 5078: 5077: 5056: 5052: 5047: 5046: 5032: 5031: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977:Wayback Machine 4967: 4963: 4953: 4945: 4943: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4907: 4905: 4901:Clavin, Terry. 4900: 4899: 4895: 4885: 4883: 4879:Clavin, Terry. 4878: 4877: 4873: 4866: 4851: 4849: 4845: 4838: 4825: 4824: 4820: 4811: 4807: 4798: 4794: 4779:10.2307/1568781 4764: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4732: 4731: 4727: 4717: 4716: 4712: 4703: 4699: 4690: 4686: 4663:Weston, William 4661: 4660: 4656: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4585: 4583: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4534: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4513: 4504: 4500: 4491: 4487: 4478: 4474: 4466: 4462: 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6148: 6147: 6145: 6141: 6137: 6130: 6127: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6109: 6106: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6076: 6073: 6070: 6067: 6064: 6061: 6058: 6057:Thomas Wolsey 6055: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6031: 6028: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6016: 6013: 6010: 6007: 6004: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5981: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5962: 5960: 5955: 5954: 5951: 5938: 5935: 5932: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5922: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5884: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5863: 5860: 5857: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5836: 5833: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5800: 5797: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5761: 5756: 5754: 5749: 5747: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5729: 5720: 5719: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5689: 5688: 5682: 5678: 5673: 5669: 5660: 5659: 5652: 5646: 5642: 5633: 5632: 5625: 5619: 5615: 5606: 5605: 5598: 5592: 5588: 5579: 5578: 5571: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5550: 5549: 5541: 5540: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5518: 5514: 5505: 5504: 5499: 5496: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5467: 5463: 5454: 5453: 5446: 5440: 5436: 5427: 5426: 5420: 5416: 5411: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5389:Lord Macaulay 5387: 5384: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5368: 5363: 5360: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5315: 5313: 5308: 5307: 5303: 5298: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5282:Read, Conyers 5280: 5277: 5273: 5270: 5266: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5223:Loades, David 5221: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5206: 5205: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5177:9780754654346 5173: 5169: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5159:republicanism 5156: 5152: 5149: 5146: 5142: 5139: 5135: 5132: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5101:public domain 5090: 5089: 5088: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5063:Thomas Palmer 5060: 5054: 5051: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5012: 4999: 4995: 4994:"Elizabeth R" 4989: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4965: 4962: 4957: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4933: 4927: 4919: 4916: 4904: 4897: 4894: 4882: 4875: 4872: 4867: 4865:9780415266734 4861: 4857: 4856: 4847: 4844: 4839: 4837:9781108424554 4833: 4829: 4822: 4819: 4815: 4809: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4729: 4726: 4721: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4701: 4698: 4695:(2005) p. 454 4694: 4688: 4685: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4625: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4597: 4594: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4564: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4546: 4542: 4536: 4533: 4527: 4524: 4518: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4482: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4464: 4461: 4457: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4435: 4432: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4413: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4378: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4331: 4327: 4321: 4318: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4286: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4209: 4207: 4205: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4190: 4181: 4178: 4162: 4158: 4142: 4124: 4120: 4109:Anthony Cecil 4099: 4096: 4088: 4087: 4080: 4072: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4023: 4007: 3996: 3984: 3982: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3931: 3915: 3909: 3902: 3896: 3892: 3889: 3881: 3880: 3851: 3843: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3827: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3792: 3787: 3784: 3763: 3759: 3757: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3712: 3703: 3702:William Cecil 3692: 3685: 3679: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3625: 3622: 3614: 3612: 3596: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3578: 3566: 3558: 3556: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3532: 3525: 3514: 3508: 3496: 3493: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3475: 3467: 3465: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3418: 3412: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3391: 3390: 3383: 3379: 3377: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3337: 3330: 3324: 3309: 3303: 3291: 3289: 3276: 3274: 3258: 3256: 3243: 3241: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3183: 3176: 3170: 3155: 3149: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3116: 3114: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3067: 3061: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2968: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2943: 2942:Thomas Tufton 2936: 2930: 2915: 2909: 2897: 2894: 2890: 2888: 2887: 2880: 2876: 2874: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2839: 2823: 2816: 2810: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2769: 2723: 2721: 2718: 2711: 2704: 2698:Charles Cecil 2685: 2679: 2667: 2664: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2598: 2591: 2585: 2584:William Cecil 2570: 2558: 2546: 2544: 2521: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2487: 2470: 2464: 2455: 2454:Richard Cecil 2448: 2442: 2441:William Cecil 2438: 2436: 2423: 2421: 2417: 2392: 2389: 2381: 2379: 2371: 2369: 2368: 2351: 2343: 2341: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2317: 2302: 2296: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2251: 2249: 2236: 2233: 2227: 2219: 2217: 2216: 2209: 2205: 2203: 2197: 2189: 2187: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2164:Mildred Cooke 2158: 2152: 2151:William Cecil 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2104: 2102: 2076: 2074: 2063: 2062:Richard Cecil 2043: 2041: 2015: 2013: 1996: 1976: 1973: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1950: 1945: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1914: 1912: 1910: 1909:Lord Burghley 1906: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1862: 1858: 1856: 1855:Fiona Buckley 1852: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1754: 1753: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1730: 1729:David Thewlis 1726: 1725: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1709:Trevor Howard 1706: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1695:Ian McDiarmid 1692: 1688: 1687: 1682: 1681:Morton Selten 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1660: 1659: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1617: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1577: 1575: 1574:Lansdowne MS. 1570: 1566: 1560: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1415:Mildred Cooke 1408: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1397: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1381: 1373: 1368: 1361: 1359: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1338: 1336: 1331: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1305: 1298: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1278: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261:Cardinal Pole 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1198: 1192:In Parliament 1191: 1189: 1187: 1182: 1173: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161:John Whitgift 1158: 1154: 1149: 1141: 1136: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1078: 1069: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1060:Privy Council 1057: 1053: 1052:Blanche Parry 1049: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1018:William Petre 1014: 1010: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 994:in May 1555. 993: 989: 988:Cardinal Pole 985: 981: 975: 973: 968: 966: 962: 958: 954: 949: 946: 941: 937: 933: 928: 926: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 900: 898: 894: 890: 886: 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146: 141: 138: 134: 131: 128: 122: 119: 116: 110: 107: 104: 100: 94: 89: 86: 82: 78: 74: 68: 63: 58: 54: 45: 40: 37: 33: 19: 18:Lord Burleigh 6637:Cecil family 6535:Hubert Burge 6530:Charles Gore 6479:John Douglas 6449:John Gilbert 6342: 6195: 6194: 5930: 5728:Thomas Cecil 5716: 5711: 5685: 5680: 5656: 5629: 5602: 5575: 5546: 5537: 5501: 5492: 5486: 5477: 5450: 5435:Thomas Cecil 5423: 5418: 5395: 5365: 5334: 5319: 5311: 5296: 5289: 5285: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5250: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5213: 5207:. J. Nisbet. 5203: 5194: 5187: 5166: 5154: 5144: 5137: 5117: 5086:Attribution: 5085: 5084: 5053: 5038: 5028: 5014: 5002:. Retrieved 4997: 4988: 4980: 4964: 4944:. Retrieved 4930: 4918: 4906:. Retrieved 4896: 4884:. Retrieved 4874: 4854: 4846: 4827: 4821: 4813: 4808: 4800: 4799:Loades, D., 4795: 4770: 4766: 4736: 4728: 4719: 4713: 4705: 4700: 4692: 4687: 4668: 4657: 4631: 4624: 4616: 4602: 4596: 4584:. Retrieved 4580: 4571: 4562: 4556: 4535: 4526: 4506: 4501: 4493: 4488: 4480: 4475: 4468:Pollard 1911 4463: 4455: 4450: 4442: 4439:Francis Peck 4434: 4420: 4406: 4398: 4393: 4385: 4382:P. F. Tytler 4377: 4369: 4364: 4356: 4351: 4343: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4308:. Retrieved 4298: 4290: 4285: 4278:Pollard 1911 4243: 4235: 4230: 4223:Pollard 1911 4176: 4160: 4156: 4140: 4122: 4118: 4032: 4005: 3935: 3913: 3900: 3831: 3803: 3782: 3729: 3716: 3683: 3665: 3536: 3523: 3512: 3437: 3416: 3328: 3307: 3271: 3253: 3174: 3153: 3065: 3044: 3031: 2934: 2913: 2814: 2793: 2710:John Manners 2702: 2683: 2589: 2568: 2519: 2468: 2463:Edward Cecil 2446: 2414: 2321: 2316:Robert Cecil 2300: 2295:Thomas Cecil 2264: 2246: 2156: 2150: 2122: 1966:(1801) and 1908: 1907:, was named 1898: 1892: 1881: 1875: 1871:Josie Rourke 1864: 1859: 1851:C. J. Sansom 1845: 1836: 1828: 1816: 1812: 1805:I, Elizabeth 1804: 1802: 1795: 1786: 1779: 1774: 1766: 1757: 1751: 1743:Ben Willbond 1736: 1722: 1712: 1702: 1699:Ronald Hines 1693:, played by 1691:Helen Mirren 1684: 1677:Flora Robson 1673:Vivien Leigh 1662: 1656: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1624: 1621: 1608:Lucas Dillon 1591: 1584: 1580: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1547: 1541: 1536: 1527: 1511: 1508:Private life 1479: 1412: 1393: 1376: 1353: 1339: 1328: 1310: 1282: 1273: 1250: 1206:Lincolnshire 1203: 1177: 1145: 1121: 1116: 1093: 1081: 1073: 1045: 1015: 1011: 1003:Lincolnshire 996: 976: 969: 964: 950: 929: 916:Hugh Latimer 901: 896: 869:Jane Seymour 862: 847:Early career 801:Roger Ascham 786: 739: 720: 695: 673: 653: 645: 641:A.F. Pollard 634: 608: 607: 601: 543:Residence(s) 407:Lincolnshire 372:(1598-08-04) 357:Lincolnshire 323:Succeeded by 286: 279:Thomas Smith 274:Succeeded by 241: 222:Succeeded by 189: 177:Succeeded by 144: 125:Succeeded by 92: 36: 6622:1598 deaths 6617:1520 births 6484:John Fisher 6464:John Thomas 6454:John Thomas 6313:Henry Deane 6227:(1596–1603) 6221:(1592–1596) 6215:(1591–1592) 6191:(1587–1591) 6185:(1579–1587) 6179:(1558–1579) 6170:(1558–1603) 6167:Elizabeth I 6158:(1555–1558) 6152:(1553–1555) 6131:(July 1553) 6122:(July 1553) 6110:(1552–1553) 6104:(1547–1551) 6089:(1547–1553) 6077:(1544–1547) 6071:(1532–1544) 6065:(1529–1532) 6063:Thomas More 6059:(1515–1529) 6053:(1509–1515) 6044:(1509–1547) 6032:(1502–1509) 6026:(1500–1502) 6024:Henry Deane 6020:(1486–1500) 6018:John Morton 6014:(1485–1486) 6012:John Alcock 5999:(1485–1509) 5989:(1485–1603) 5939:(1599–1603) 5933:(1572–1598) 5927:(1558–1572) 5918:(1558–1603) 5915:Elizabeth I 5885:(July 1553) 5876:(July 1553) 5864:(1550–1553) 5858:(1547–1549) 5849:(1547–1553) 5837:(1522–1546) 5831:(1509–1522) 5822:(1509–1547) 5801:(1501–1509) 5795:(1486–1501) 5786:(1485–1509) 5776:(1485–1603) 5570:John Boxall 4639:. pp. 4173: 1976 4153: 1970 4135: 1968 4115: 1970 4029: 1946 4002: 1935 3323:James Cecil 3302:Henry Cecil 3169:James Cecil 3060:James Cecil 3027: 1700 2929:James Cecil 2834: 1682 2809:James Cecil 2789: 1648 2604: 1590 2564: 1600 2557:David Cecil 2266:Baron Cecil 2069: 1495 2009: 1540 2002: 1460 1995:David Cecil 1846:Lamentation 1792:Robert Bolt 1787:Mary Stuart 1773:in 2018 as 1747:BAFTA Award 1704:Elizabeth R 1686:Elizabeth I 1667:, starring 1653:Ben Webster 1522:aristocracy 1390:Descendants 1380:Cecil House 1350:Royal Court 1330:Cecil House 871:), who was 833:Elizabeth I 791:, and then 742:David Cecil 709:Walterstone 622:Elizabeth I 551:Cecil House 436: / 381:Westminster 377:Cecil House 311:Preceded by 267:John Boxall 262:Preceded by 255:Elizabeth I 210:Preceded by 203:Elizabeth I 165:Preceded by 158:Elizabeth I 113:Preceded by 106:Elizabeth I 6606:Categories 6308:John Blyth 6238:Greal Seal 6041:Henry VIII 5985:under the 5819:Henry VIII 5772:under the 5383:Volume III 5081:References 5000:. Imdb.com 4958:required.) 4691:John Guy, 4637:Henry Bohn 4635:. London: 4310:6 November 3182:Wills Hill 3020:John Cecil 2908:John Cecil 2782:John Cecil 2678:John Cecil 1861:Guy Pearce 1498:Edward VII 1437:Anne Cecil 1396:John Cheke 1253:Chancellor 1181:just price 1077:Royal Navy 1026:Protestant 1009:in 1563." 957:Henry VIII 904:Parliament 859:after 1570 813:Gray's Inn 805:John Cheke 758:Henry VIII 670:Early life 442: ( 420:52°38′56″N 328:John Cheke 6469:John Hume 6419:Seth Ward 6086:Edward VI 5996:Henry VII 5846:Edward VI 5783:Henry VII 5712:New title 5681:New title 5419:New title 5391:'s essay 5379:Volume II 5108:(1911). 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Knowledge (XXG)

William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley

Index