1783:
124:
1638:
33:
2311:
573:
1622:
1794:
830:. His influence was powerful in obliterating the traditions of the judicial bench under the Stuart monarchy, and in establishing the modern conception of the duties and demeanour of English judges. While still at the bar Lord Chesterfield praised his conduct of crown prosecutions as a contrast to the former bloodhounds of the crown; and he described Sir Philip Yorke as naturally humane, moderate and decent.
1233:
486:
743:. He carried out a major reform in 1746 which swept away the feudal power surviving in Scotland in the form of private heritable jurisdictions in the hands of the landed gentry. On the other hand, his legislation in 1748 for disarming the Highlanders and prohibiting the use of the tartan in their dress was vexatious without being effective. Hardwicke supported
777:, and for reward was created earl of Hardwicke and Viscount Royston; and when in November 1756 the weakness of the ministry and the threatening aspect of foreign affairs compelled Newcastle to resign, Hardwicke retired with him. He played a part in negotiating the coalition between Newcastle and
734:
he presided at the trial of the
Scottish Jacobite peers, his conduct of which, though judicially impartial, was neither dignified nor generous; and he must be held partly responsible for the severity meted out to the rebels, and especially for the executions on obsolete attainders of
825:
2 Atk 650, which held that canons made in the provincial clergy convocations could not, by themselves, bind the lay faithful. He held the office of Lord
Chancellor longer than any of his predecessors, with a single exception. His decisions fixed limits and established principles of
459:, who became Lord Chancellor in 1718, when Yorke transferred his practice from the king's bench to the court of chancery, though he continued to go on the western circuit. In the following year he established his reputation as an equity lawyer in a case in which
714:
No one was more surprised than himself when he retained the chancellorship in the following administration, and he resisted the proposal to indemnify witnesses against
Walpole in one of his finest speeches in May 1742. He exercised a leading influence in the
706:, Hardwicke advocated energetic measures for its conduct; and he tried to keep the peace between Newcastle and Walpole. There is no sufficient ground for Horace Walpole's charge that the fall of Sir Robert was brought about by Hardwicke's treachery.
2857:
499:
over the signature Philip
Homebred, he seems early to have abandoned all care for literature, and he has been reproached by Lord Campbell and others with his neglect of art and letters. On 16 May 1719 he married Margaret, daughter of
2579:
463:'s family was interested, by an argument displaying profound learning and research concerning the jurisdiction of the chancellor, on lines which he afterwards more fully developed in a celebrated letter to
662:(1749) Amb 75, 27 ER 47. He rendered valuable service to Walpole's government by his support of the bill for prohibiting loans to foreign powers (1730), of the increase of the army (1732) and of the
987:
730:
During the king's absences on the continent
Hardwicke was left at the head of the council of regency; it thus fell to him to concert measures for dealing with the Jacobite rising in 1745. After
1248:
997:
1588:
2827:
2877:
2572:
2837:
658:
opined that it was legal. The opinion was disseminated and relied upon widely. Lord
Hardwicke would subsequently endorse the views in the opinion in a judicial capacity in
1106:
The contemporary authorities for the life of Lord
Chancellor Hardwicke are voluminous, in the memoirs of the period and in collections of correspondence. See, especially:
2852:
2565:
2075:
62:
674:
In 1733 Yorke was appointed lord chief justice of the king's bench, with the title of Lord
Hardwicke, and was sworn of the privy council; and in 1737 he succeeded
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2319:
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252:
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2155:
2135:
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548:
123:
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1782:
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2514:
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2235:
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1768:
1610:
1483:
744:
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2402:
2383:
2105:
2070:
1935:
1915:
1682:
1429:
1077:
716:
603:
456:
162:
2045:
1985:
1975:
1965:
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whilst he was a crown law officer in 1729. The opinion was sought to determinate the legality of slavery and
Hardwicke (then Philip Yorke) and
587:
He is buried, with many of his descendants, at the St. Andrew
Churchyard at Wimpole. Hardwicke was succeeded in the earldom by his eldest son,
166:
2887:
2817:
2661:
2050:
2020:
1995:
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1950:
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1380:
912:
774:
544:
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455:, more rapid than that of any other debutant in the annals of our profession, his advancement being greatly furthered by the patronage of
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2005:
1331:
724:
566:
888:
2476:
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1945:
1930:
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1476:
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778:
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694:, where the incompetency of Newcastle threw on the chancellor the duty of defending the measures of the government. He resisted
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2015:
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raised Yorke's reputation as a forensic orator; and in 1723, having already become attorney-general, he passed through the
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as Lord Chancellor, thus becoming a member of Walpole's cabinet. One of his first official acts was to deprive the poet
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853:
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562:
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1218:
Life of Lord Chancellor Hardwicke; with Selections from his Correspondence, Diaries, Speeches and Judgments
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avoided the question, referring to Margaret as "a widow, Margaret Lygon", without naming her first husband.
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508:) and widow of William Lygon (who died without issue in 1716), by whom he had five sons and two daughters:
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in England had to be dropped on account of the popular clamour it excited; but he successfully carried a
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883:
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220:
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correspond to the names found for baptisms in the parish register for Madresfield: see eg FamilySearch
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553:
540:
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1123:(ed. by P Cunningham, 9 vols., London, 1857–1859) (Walpole was violently hostile to Hardwicke);
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1890:
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1439:
1062:
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698:'s motion to reduce the army in 1738, and the resolutions hostile to Spain over the affair of
644:
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592:
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448:
146:
639:. He was excused, on the ground of his personal friendship, from acting for the crown in the
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2195:
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1626:
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1493:
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802:
479:
747:'s reform of the calendar in 1751; in 1753 his bill for legalizing the naturalization of
413:. Through his mother, Elizabeth, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Gibbon of Rolvenden,
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2170:
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557:
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437:
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351:
129:
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2210:
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2175:
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1054:
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There is some variance in sources as to the name of Margaret Cocks's first husband.
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720:
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Cabinet; and when Wilmington died in August 1743, it was Hardwicke who put forward
581:
216:
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821:
In 1736 the King's Bench, under his presidency, delivered the seminal judgment in
17:
2190:
1203:
798:
727:. For many years from this time he was the controlling power in the government.
663:
489:
Philip Yorke married Margaret Cocks, by whom he had five sons and two daughters.
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2691:
2215:
2160:
1284:
786:
628:
525:
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1257:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 944–946.
2180:
794:
790:
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in 1757, when he accepted a seat in Pitt's cabinet without returning to the
773:
On the death of Pelham in 1754 Hardwicke obtained for Newcastle the post of
485:
1272:(Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. pp. 148–149.
690:
Hardwicke's political importance was greatly increased by his move to the
1082:
782:
702:'s ears. But when Walpole bent before the storm and declared war against
482:, in 1720, although he was then a barrister of only four years standing.
1028:
976:(1892), and 2nd ed vol 6 p.306 (1926), under "Hardwicke") his name was
643:
of the Earl of Macclesfield in 1725; he soon found a new patron in the
624:
433:
383:
325:
305:
2858:
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
1149:
Catalogue of Royal and Noble Authors of England, Scotland and Ireland
432:
At age 16, Yorke entered the attorney's office of Charles Salkeld in
406:
386:
361:
321:
650:
Lord Hardwicke is also remembered as one of the two authors of the
1238:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1027:
Lygon. This is also the name given in John Bennett Boddie (1936),
806:
703:
571:
484:
475:
410:
297:
1263:
1029:"Lygon of Madresfield, Worcester, England and Henrico, Virginia"
414:
301:
2561:
2248:
1592:
602:
had a highly successful career as a judge in Ireland, becoming
873:(1747) 1 Ves Sen 9, on the duty of loyalty and no inquiry rule
748:
26:
857:(1741) 26 ER 531, on majority decision making in corporations
440:
in November 1708, and perhaps recommended by his employer to
1116:
Hist. manuscripts Commission (Reports 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11);
397:, Prime Minister between 1754 and 1756 and 1757 until 1762.
1094:
Dictionary of British Sculptors 1660–1851 by Rupert Gunnis
1175:
Essay on John, Lord Somers, and Philip, Earl of Hardwicke
382:(1 December 1690 – 6 March 1764) was an
470:
Through the Earl of Macclesfield's influence with the
809:
published by members of parliament were protected by
521:(1722–1770), became, like his father, Lord Chancellor
1210:, vols. vii. and viii. (9 vols., London, 1848–1864);
2536:
2505:
2486:
2461:
2436:
2393:
2368:
2337:
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2144:
2124:
1807:
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1634:
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331:
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278:
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250:
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226:
201:
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140:
104:
755:which became the basis of subsequent legislation.
2828:Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
2590:Chancellors of the College of William & Mary
584:, the greatest country house in Cambridgeshire.
54:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
2126:Secretaries of State for Constitutional Affairs
1129:(ed. by Lord Dover, 4 vols., London, 1843 1844)
474:Yorke entered parliament in 1719 as member for
253:Chancellor of the College of William & Mary
1299:. Vol. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
682:of a small office conferred on him by Talbot.
478:, and was appointed solicitor-general, with a
421:the historian. He was educated at a school in
2878:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
2573:
2260:
1604:
1191:Memoirs of the Administration of Henry Pelham
1053:, based on extensive primary sources; and in
1041:, 289–315 at p. 296; in William D. Ligon Jr,
793:on the peace with France in 1762, and on the
8:
1073:for Lygon's father, with its linked sources.
938:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
723:for the vacant office against the claims of
467:on the distinction between law and equity.
187:21 February 1737 – 19 November 1756
2838:Peers of Great Britain created by George II
1810:Heads of the Judiciary in England and Wales
1654:Heads of the Judiciary in England and Wales
1170:(ed. by Lord Mahon, 5 vols., London, 1892);
1145:(ed. by GFR Barker, 4 vols., London, 1894);
2580:
2566:
2558:
2267:
2253:
2245:
1804:
1648:
1611:
1597:
1589:
1303:
533:(d. 1792), a diplomat, created Baron Dover
524:Lady Elizabeth Yorke (1725–1760), married
122:
101:
2236:List of lord chancellors and lord keepers
1019:(1883), under "Lygon of Madresfield", p.
887:(1750) 1 Ves Sen 444, in relation to the
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
2853:Lord chief justices of England and Wales
635:the bill of pains and penalties against
493:Although in his youth he contributed to
99:British lawyer and statesman (1690–1764)
1430:Solicitor General for England and Wales
1151:(ed. by T Park, 5 vols., London, 1806).
1078:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
935:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
924:
805:, and also the doctrine that seditious
604:Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas
457:Thomas Parker, 1st Earl of Macclesfield
156:
1627:Lord High Chancellors of Great Britain
1484:Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench
1457:Attorney General for England and Wales
1083:Yorke, Philip, first earl of Hardwicke
417:, he was connected with the family of
1516:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
932:Thomas, Peter D. G. "Yorke, Philip".
865:(1742) 26 ER 642, on the duty of care
813:. He died in London on 6 March 1764.
391:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
142:Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
7:
1249:Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of
913:Great Britain in the Seven Years War
862:The Charitable Corporation v Sutton
504:(by his wife Mary Cocks, sister of
374:Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke
1143:Memoirs of the Reign of George III
789:Hardwicke opposed the ministry of
25:
2843:Lord chancellors of Great Britain
1290:"Yorke, Philip (1690-1764)"
1200:, vol. v. (8 vols, London, 1845);
1139:, 2nd ed. revised, London, 1847);
1133:Memoirs of the Reign of George II
2309:
2146:Secretaries of State for Justice
1792:
1781:
1636:
1620:
1296:Dictionary of National Biography
1231:
1043:The Ligon Family and Connections
983:Dictionary of National Biography
436:, London. He was entered at the
31:
591:. His monument was sculpted by
451:, where his progress was, says
2463:Master-General of the Ordnance
1808:Speakers of the House of Lords
1652:Speakers of the House of Lords
1034:The William and Mary Quarterly
849:(1740) 3 Atk. 143, on fair use
797:in the following year. In the
600:Sir William Yorke, 1st Baronet
515:(1720–1790), who succeeded him
513:Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston
393:. He was a close confidant of
1:
2370:Lord President of the Council
1198:Lives of the Lord Chancellors
889:Penn–Calvert boundary dispute
389:and politician who served as
282:
2888:Fellows of the Royal Society
2818:Members of the Middle Temple
1015:Visitation of Worcestershire
952:UK public library membership
741:Archibald Cameron of Locheil
652:Yorke–Talbot slavery opinion
2438:First Lord of the Admiralty
2427:The Lord Hervey of Ickworth
1308:Parliament of Great Britain
2909:
2307:
1270:Men of Kent and Kentishmen
1012:However, according to the
765:Whig government, 1754–1756
762:
444:as law tutor to his sons.
405:A son of Philip Yorke, an
2597:
2233:
1779:
1576:
1566:
1557:
1552:
1545:
1522:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1481:
1473:
1463:
1454:
1446:
1436:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1400:
1374:
1362:
1356:Henry Pelham (of Stanmer)
1348:
1325:
1313:
1306:
1262:Hutchinson, John (1892).
1185:Memoirs of Sir R. Walpole
1008:YORKE, Philip (1690–1764)
1003:The History of Parliament
801:case Hardwicke condemned
785:. After the accession of
567:Sir Gilbert Heathcote, Bt
442:Lord Chief Justice Parker
367:
269:
258:
180:
136:
121:
2823:Members of Lincoln's Inn
2515:The Earl of Chesterfield
1547:Peerage of Great Britain
1220:(3 vols., London, 1847).
1193:(2 vols., London, 1829);
1187:(4 vols., London, 1816);
1075:The 2004 edition of the
879:(1749) Amb 75, 27 ER 47
40:This article includes a
2808:People from Dover, Kent
2488:Paymaster of the Forces
2446:The Viscount Torrington
1254:Encyclopædia Britannica
993:Encyclopedia Britannica
966:According to Cokayne's
854:Attorney General v Davy
811:parliamentary privilege
769:Pitt–Newcastle ministry
69:more precise citations.
2521:The Duke of Devonshire
2409:The Duke of Devonshire
2403:The Earl of Wilmington
2384:The Earl of Wilmington
1812:Members of the Cabinet
1656:Members of the Cabinet
1113:the Stowe manuscripts;
1065:. The names from the
944:10.1093/ref:odnb/30245
580:In 1739, he purchased
577:
506:Lord Chancellor Somers
490:
213:The Earl of Wilmington
159:The Earl of Kilmarnock
2873:British MPs 1727–1734
2868:British MPs 1722–1727
2863:British MPs 1715–1722
2421:The Earl of Godolphin
2415:The Viscount Lonsdale
2300:The Duke of Newcastle
1759:William Henry Ashurst
1208:The Judges of England
1159:the Earl Waldegrave,
1127:Letters to Sir H Mann
1110:the Hardwicke Papers;
884:Penn v Lord Baltimore
834:Cases and legislation
710:Wilmington government
575:
488:
395:the Duke of Newcastle
221:The Duke of Newcastle
163:The Earl of Cromartie
111:The Earl of Hardwicke
1404:Sir William Gage, Bt
1396:Sir William Gage, Bt
1377:Member of Parliament
1328:Member of Parliament
1265:"Philip Yorke"
980:Lygon. So also the
759:Newcastle government
556:(1730–1808), became
541:Member of Parliament
335:Margaret, Lady Yorke
107:The Right Honourable
2813:People from Wimpole
2770:Sandra Day O'Connor
2740:Alvin Duke Chandler
2546:The Duke of Grafton
2477:The Duke of Montagu
2328:The Lord Harrington
1763:Sir Beaumont Hotham
1423:Sir William Thomson
1166:Lord Chesterfield,
972:(1st ed, vol 4, p.
870:Whelpdale v Cookson
823:Middleton v. Crofts
619:The prosecution of
563:Lady Margaret Yorke
447:In 1715, Yorke was
429:, a nonconformist.
2848:Lord High Stewards
2833:Earls of Hardwicke
2716:John Stewart Bryan
2704:Hugh Blair Grigsby
2527:The Duke of Dorset
2471:The Duke of Argyll
2359:The Lord Hardwicke
2320:Northern Secretary
2292:Southern Secretary
2283:Sir Robert Walpole
1527:Title next held by
1501:Political offices
1477:Sir Robert Raymond
1450:Sir Robert Raymond
1321:John Morley Trevor
1177:(Worcester, 1791);
670:Walpole government
578:
519:Hon. Charles Yorke
491:
167:The Lord Balmerino
149:for the trials of:
42:list of references
2785:
2784:
2758:Margaret Thatcher
2680:George Washington
2555:
2554:
2452:Sir Charles Wager
2242:
2241:
2229:
2228:
1777:
1776:
1587:
1586:
1567:Succeeded by
1560:Earl of Hardwicke
1541:
1491:Succeeded by
1464:Succeeded by
1440:Sir Clement Wearg
1437:Succeeded by
1401:Succeeded by
1349:Succeeded by
1173:Richard Cooksey,
1161:Memoirs 1754–1758
986:(1900) vol 63 p.
950:(Subscription or
901:Marriage Act 1753
739:and (in 1753) of
737:Charles Radclyffe
645:Duke of Newcastle
637:Francis Atterbury
621:Christopher Layer
593:Peter Scheemakers
531:Hon. Joseph Yorke
472:Duke of Newcastle
449:called to the bar
409:, he was born at
371:
370:
147:Lord High Steward
95:
94:
87:
18:Lord Hardwicke LC
16:(Redirected from
2900:
2883:Knights Bachelor
2752:Warren E. Burger
2591:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2559:
2538:Lord Chamberlain
2313:
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1805:
1798:
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1649:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1625:
1624:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1535:
1506:Preceded by
1474:Preceded by
1447:Preceded by
1420:Preceded by
1363:Preceded by
1314:Preceded by
1304:
1300:
1292:
1273:
1267:
1258:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1119:Horace Walpole,
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1086:
969:Complete Peerage
962:
956:
955:
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929:
803:general warrants
633:House of Commons
615:Attorney-General
554:Hon. James Yorke
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318:
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291:
284:
274:Personal details
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102:
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83:
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65:this article by
56:inline citations
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2764:Henry Kissinger
2674:Richard Terrick
2662:Charles Wyndham
2650:Thomas Sherlock
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2532:
2501:
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2395:Lord Privy Seal
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2378:The Lord Trevor
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2353:The Lord Talbot
2339:Lord Chancellor
2333:
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1885:In Commission:
1854:In Commission:
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1773:
1655:
1653:
1637:
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1579:Baron Hardwicke
1572:
1563:
1538:as Lord Keeper
1534:
1531:The Lord Henley
1528:
1519:
1511:
1509:The Lord Talbot
1496:
1494:Sir William Lee
1487:
1479:
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1467:Sir John Willes
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2626:William Wake
2507:Lord Steward
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1769:Loughborough
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1045:(1947), pp.
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315:6 March 1764
260:
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240:Succeeded by
217:Henry Pelham
182:
128:Portrait by
96:
81:
72:
61:Please help
53:
2803:1764 deaths
2798:1690 births
2772:(2005–2012)
2766:(2000–2005)
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2302:(1730–1742)
2285:(1730–1742)
2096:Q. Hailsham
2091:Elwyn-Jones
2086:Q. Hailsham
2041:D. Hailsham
2031:D. Hailsham
1906:St Leonards
1713:Northington
1408:William Hay
1285:Lee, Sidney
1225:Attribution
1204:Edward Foss
1059:Madresfield
895:Legislation
676:Lord Talbot
664:Excise Bill
641:impeachment
598:His cousin
228:Preceded by
67:introducing
2792:Categories
2692:John Tyler
2011:Birkenhead
2001:Buckmaster
1936:Chelmsford
1916:Chelmsford
1755:James Eyre
1583:1733–1764
1564:1754–1764
1520:1737–1756
1488:1733–1737
1461:1724–1733
1434:1720–1724
1155:See also:
1067:Visitation
1017:of 1682–83
1006:(1970) sv
996:(1911) sv
954:required.)
919:References
787:George III
717:Wilmington
565:, married
526:Lord Anson
480:knighthood
465:Lord Kames
401:Background
358:Profession
290:1690-12-01
2186:Lidington
2129:2003–2007
2051:Caldecote
1981:Herschell
1971:Herschell
1946:Hatherley
1931:Cranworth
1911:Cranworth
1880:Cottenham
1875:Lyndhurst
1870:Cottenham
1864:Bosanquet
1849:Lyndhurst
1839:Lyndhurst
1703:Hardwicke
1554:New title
1023:, he was
998:Hardwicke
817:Influence
795:cider tax
791:Lord Bute
348:Education
332:Spouse(s)
265:1764–1764
261:In office
196:George II
183:In office
2196:Buckland
2171:Grayling
2156:Falconer
2136:Falconer
2116:Falconer
2081:Gardiner
2076:Dilhorne
1991:Loreburn
1986:Halsbury
1976:Halsbury
1966:Halsbury
1961:Selborne
1951:Selborne
1926:Westbury
1921:Campbell
1891:Shadwell
1887:Langdale
1860:Shadwell
1844:Brougham
1733:Bathurst
1673:Harcourt
1135:(ed. by
1071:GWBV-JJX
1057:(2011),
907:See also
783:woolsack
732:Culloden
725:Pulteney
696:Carteret
666:(1733).
629:Jacobite
407:attorney
340:Children
2778:(2012–)
2276:Cabinet
2221:Mahmood
2071:Kilmuir
2066:Simonds
2046:Maugham
2021:Haldane
1996:Haldane
1829:Erskine
1748:Thurlow
1738:Thurlow
1381:Seaford
1242::
1168:Letters
1121:Letters
1025:William
625:treason
545:Reigate
434:Holborn
425:run by
384:English
326:England
306:England
286:
192:Monarch
63:improve
2746:Vacant
2734:Vacant
2724:(1945)
2722:Vacant
2710:Vacant
2698:Vacant
2686:Vacant
2670:(1764)
2658:(1762)
2380:(1730)
2166:Clarke
2111:Irvine
2106:Mackay
2101:Havers
2061:Jowitt
2036:Sankey
2006:Finlay
1956:Cairns
1941:Cairns
1797:
1698:Talbot
1678:Cowper
1663:Cowper
1641:
1393:With:
1341:With:
1236:
1000:, and
948:
828:Equity
807:libels
799:Wilkes
610:Career
589:Philip
387:lawyer
362:Lawyer
322:London
2216:Chalk
2206:Lewis
2191:Gauke
2181:Truss
2161:Straw
2056:Simon
1901:Truro
1856:Pepys
1834:Eldon
1824:Eldon
1723:Yorke
1718:Pratt
1336:1719–
1332:Lewes
839:Cases
704:Spain
627:as a
476:Lewes
411:Dover
298:Dover
251:12th
48:, or
2211:Raab
2201:Raab
2176:Gove
2026:Cave
2016:Cave
1895:Role
1693:King
1390:1733
1386:1722
1379:for
1338:1722
1330:for
1049:and
978:John
779:Pitt
767:and
749:Jews
623:for
547:and
543:for
415:Kent
312:Died
302:Kent
279:Born
207:Sir
153:List
2278:of
1251:".
1081:sv
1063:153
1061:p.
1051:293
988:350
974:165
940:doi
2794::
1293:.
1268:.
1216:,
1206:,
1183:,
1047:62
1039:16
1037:,
1031:,
1021:70
990:,
647:.
606:.
595:.
379:PC
376:,
324:,
304:,
300:,
283:c.
115:PC
52:,
44:,
2581:e
2574:t
2567:v
2268:e
2261:t
2254:v
1893:/
1889:/
1862:/
1858:/
1761:/
1757:/
1612:e
1605:t
1598:v
1388:–
1010:.
946:.
942::
343:7
292:)
288:(
88:)
82:(
77:)
73:(
59:.
20:)
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