189:
To fulfill her military obligations to the king, the
Republic of Venice granted hereditary estates in her fief to Venetian patricians with the obligation to provide military service as horsemen in case of a war. Initially, the Venetians owed the service of at least five knights, but it was reduced to
202:
formed its northern border. The lordship's southern border was located about 15 km to the south of Tyre. Its eastern boundary run about 20 km from the coast. The lordship consisted of a narrow strip of land along the coast and a hilly western region. Documents from the crusader period list more than
211:
family, Rolando, received 12 villages and a share in four other villages, in addition to his house in the town. For
Contarini died childless before 1158, the Venetian bailli demanded the return of his fief from his widow, Guida Gradenigo, but she resisted and bequeathed her husband's estates to the
206:
The
Venetian patricians' fiefs consisted of estates in the countryside and a house in the Venetian district of Tyre, and some of them also included a share of communal revenues. Vitale Pantaleo received two villages (Dairrham and Gaifiha), and one-third of two other villages (Maharona and Cafardan)
169:
in
February 1124. After receiving no support from the Fatimids and the nearby Muslim rulers, the burghers of the town surrendered on 7 July 1124. Most Muslim burghers left Tyre, but many of them stayed behind and continued to live under the Franks' rule. The Venetians took possession of their
294:, who was to hold Tyre provisionally until the indemnity was paid and, if it was not paid by May 1284, hold it permanently. Both Hugh and Humphrey died before that date and Tyre escheated. It is not known if the indemnity was paid to Humphrey's heirs.
114:, tried to capture Tyre in 1107 for the first time, but he soon abandoned the siege. After the fall of Tripoli and Beirut, hundreds of the Muslim inhabitants of the two towns sought refuge in Tyre which remained a Fatimid enclave. Baldwin I again laid
212:
king to secure royal protection. Guida was a wealthy widow: she held a whole village, one third of four additional villages and a house in Tyre on her own right. After her death, her late husbands' rural estates were seized by the monarch.
278:
suggests that the coinage may have originated in 1269, when Philip's position was regularized, but it could have come earlier, since Philip had been making his own policy since at least 1258. In 1271, John made a separate treaty with the
162:, established the Venetians' right to seize one-third of Tyre and the nearby villages and to administer justice to all who lived in their district. The pact also granted one-third of the royal revenues collected in the town.
207:
in addition to a house in the town and 60 bezants from the tolls collected at the market of musical instruments. His house was held by the husband of a woman from the
Pantaleo family in the 1240s. A member of the
190:
three by the 1180s, most probably as a consequence of the loss of
Venetian properties to the monarchs. The Venetians were also deprived of their share of the tolls collected at the land gate of Tyre in the 1130s.
62:
with food when they invaded
Palestine in May 1099, because the townspeople wanted to avoid an armed conflict with these Christians who had departed from Europe to Jerusalem in 1096. In two months, the crusaders
254:
became King of
Jerusalem and immediately took steps to regularize the position of Tyre, although whether negotiations were initiated by him or by Philip is not known. In the resulting accord, the king's sister
126:
that a refugee from
Tripoli manufactured. The crusaders (or Franks) were again forced to lift the siege on 10 April 1112. However, the crusaders took control of most villages in the town's vicinity.
247:, Philip expelled the Venetians from Tyre. Thereafter, Tyre was the headquarters of the Genoese in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, as Acre, from which they had been expelled, was of the Venetians.
174:
after he was released and returned to
Jerusalem in 1125. His treaty with the Venetians obliged them to participate in the defense of the kingdom, thus transforming their possessions into a
58:
in the late 11th century. The town was located on a peninsula that a narrow strip of land linked to the mainland. Tyre was surrounded by impressive walls, but its burghers provided the
290:
John and Margaret had no children, and upon John's death in 1283 Tyre escheated to the crown. Unable to pay the indemnity, Hugh reached an agreement with John's younger brother
240:. All of this was of questionable legality, but there was not doubt that Philip had no title to Tyre. Nevertheless, he soon began to style himself "Lord of Tyre and Toron".
1014:
203:
110 villages and hamlets in the lordship, but the actual number of settlements was a slightly higher. Most villages were located in the western region.
1024:
141:, in north Syria in 1123. The king was still imprisoned when a Venetian fleet of 120 ships reached the coast of the kingdom under the command of
198:
Covering a rectangular area of about 450 km (110,000 acres), the lordship was one of the smallest domains in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The
305:
with Tyre. Exactly when is not known, but he was lord of Tyre by 1289 at the latest. He held it until it was captured by the Mamluks in 1291.
960:
936:
917:
263:
and Hugh enfeoffed the latter with Tyre, which Philip voluntarily handed over. The agreement contained a clause whereby in the event of an
1029:
994:
178:
held from the monarch. Baldwin II authorized the Pisans to seize five houses near the harbour in the late 1120s. They also bought a
349:
237:
274:
As an indication of their independence, Philip and John minted copper coins and made treaties with the Muslims. The numismatist
951:
908:
Jacoby, David (2016). "The Venetian presence in the crusader Lordship of Tyre: A tale of decline". In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.).
355:
260:
149:
256:
153:
64:
280:
115:
319:
138:
271:
as an indemnity towards the costs of fortifying and defending Tyre for all the years of Philip's lordship.
1019:
111:
372:
302:
298:
361:
330:
291:
183:
166:
35:
221:
134:
251:
244:
76:
51:
990:
956:
932:
913:
233:
107:
84:
80:
72:
55:
229:
145:
92:
68:
287:
to cover Tyre, a year before Hugh III made a similar treaty to cover the area around Acre.
970:
268:
225:
158:
142:
1008:
982:
275:
47:
170:
district and at least sixteen nearby villages. Baldwin II insisted on modifying the
156:, concluded a treaty with the Doge about the conquest of Tyre. The treaty, known as
946:
199:
179:
88:
119:
79:
fleets supported them to conquer most Fatimid ports on the Western coast of the
208:
17:
975:
Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford
130:
59:
284:
264:
123:
96:
100:
175:
895:
Edbury, Peter W. (2001). "The De Montforts in the Latin East".
27:
Semi-independent domain of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1246–1291)
844:
842:
840:
838:
796:
794:
792:
790:
788:
455:
453:
451:
865:
863:
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559:
557:
555:
518:
516:
825:
823:
821:
402:
400:
118:
in late November 1111, but the defenders destroyed his
228:. It was initially placed under the governance of
888:The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191–1374
232:, but in 1246 the Ibelin-backed regent, King
8:
368:Tyre is part of the royal domain (1284–1289)
345:Tyre is part of the royal domain (1192–1246)
326:Tyre is part of the royal domain (1131–1187)
315:Tyre is part of the royal domain (1124–1129)
267:, the crown would pay the Montforts 150,000
546:
534:
507:
442:
812:
615:
591:
579:
522:
483:
459:
430:
418:
406:
391:
384:
236:, formally placed it in the custody of
869:
848:
829:
800:
779:
767:
750:
738:
726:
714:
702:
687:
675:
656:
644:
627:
603:
567:
495:
471:
1015:Feudalism in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
34:was a semi-independent domain in the
7:
165:The Venetians and the Franks laid
25:
929:Crusading and the Crusader States
1025:Lordships of the Crusader states
230:Balian of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut
137:captured Baldwin I's successor,
912:. Routledge. pp. 181–194.
952:The Crusades Through Arab Eyes
301:enfeoffed his younger brother
1:
890:. Cambridge University Press.
87:surrendered to them in 1101,
50:was an important port on the
154:Latin patriarch of Jerusalem
989:. Oxford University Press.
977:. Royal Numismatic Society.
1046:
927:Jotischky, Andrew (2017).
897:Thirteenth Century England
182:, most probably from King
886:Edbury, Peter W. (1993).
224:, Tyre was seized by the
148:. On behalf of the king,
1030:History of Tyre, Lebanon
297:In the late 1280s, King
83:during the next decade.
987:Crusader Institutions
259:married Philip's son
741:, pp. 181, 184.
362:Humphrey of Montfort
331:Conrad of Montferrat
243:In 1258, during the
220:In 1242, during the
150:Warmund of Picquigny
36:Kingdom of Jerusalem
753:, pp. 186–187.
717:, pp. 183–184.
630:, pp. 146–147.
549:, pp. 163–164.
537:, pp. 162–163.
474:, pp. 143–144.
373:Amalric of Lusignan
222:War of the Lombards
135:Nur al-Daulak Balak
38:from 1246 to 1291.
910:The Crusader World
421:, pp. 47, 89.
350:Philip of Montfort
252:Hugh III of Cyprus
245:War of Saint Sabas
238:Philip of Montfort
65:captured Jerusalem
962:978-0-86356-023-1
938:978-1-138-80806-5
919:978-0-415-82494-1
851:, pp. 97–98.
803:, pp. 25–26.
606:, pp. 85–86.
594:, pp. 96–97.
462:, pp. 80–81.
234:Henry I of Cyprus
216:Montfort lordship
167:siege to the town
108:king of Jerusalem
81:Mediterranean Sea
56:Fatimid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
1037:
1000:
978:
966:
942:
923:
904:
891:
873:
867:
852:
846:
833:
827:
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804:
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469:
463:
457:
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
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389:
356:John of Montfort
146:Domenico Michiel
32:Lordship of Tyre
21:
1045:
1044:
1040:
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1038:
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997:
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466:
458:
449:
441:
437:
429:
425:
417:
413:
405:
398:
390:
386:
382:
311:
269:Saracen bezants
218:
200:Qassimiye River
196:
172:Pactum Warmundi
159:Pactum Warmundi
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1043:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
995:
983:Prawer, Joshua
979:
971:Metcalf, D. M.
967:
961:
943:
937:
924:
918:
905:
892:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:
872:, p. 144.
853:
834:
817:
805:
784:
782:, p. 149.
772:
770:, p. 187.
755:
743:
731:
729:, p. 184.
719:
707:
705:, p. 148.
692:
690:, p. 146.
680:
678:, p. 145.
661:
659:, p. 188.
649:
647:, p. 186.
632:
620:
608:
596:
584:
572:
570:, p. 183.
551:
547:Jotischky 2017
539:
535:Jotischky 2017
527:
512:
508:Jotischky 2017
500:
498:, p. 182.
488:
476:
464:
447:
443:Jotischky 2017
435:
423:
411:
396:
383:
381:
378:
377:
376:
370:
365:
359:
353:
347:
342:
328:
323:
317:
310:
307:
250:In 1268, King
226:Ibelin faction
217:
214:
195:
192:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Lords of Tyre
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
998:
996:0-19-822536-9
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
958:
954:
953:
948:
947:Maalouf, Amin
944:
940:
934:
931:. Routledge.
930:
925:
921:
915:
911:
906:
902:
898:
893:
889:
884:
883:
878:
871:
866:
864:
862:
860:
858:
854:
850:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
832:, p. 91.
831:
826:
824:
822:
818:
815:, p. 96.
814:
809:
806:
802:
797:
795:
793:
791:
789:
785:
781:
776:
773:
769:
764:
762:
760:
756:
752:
747:
744:
740:
735:
732:
728:
723:
720:
716:
711:
708:
704:
699:
697:
693:
689:
684:
681:
677:
672:
670:
668:
666:
662:
658:
653:
650:
646:
641:
639:
637:
633:
629:
624:
621:
618:, p. 97.
617:
612:
609:
605:
600:
597:
593:
588:
585:
582:, p. 96.
581:
576:
573:
569:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
543:
540:
536:
531:
528:
525:, p. 95.
524:
519:
517:
513:
510:, p. 79.
509:
504:
501:
497:
492:
489:
486:, p. 90.
485:
480:
477:
473:
468:
465:
461:
456:
454:
452:
448:
445:, p. 67.
444:
439:
436:
433:, p. 50.
432:
427:
424:
420:
415:
412:
409:, p. 89.
408:
403:
401:
397:
394:, p. 47.
393:
388:
385:
379:
374:
371:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
346:
343:
340:
337:(1187–1190),
336:
332:
329:
327:
324:
321:
320:Fulk of Anjou
318:
316:
313:
312:
309:Lords of Tyre
308:
306:
304:
300:
295:
293:
288:
286:
282:
277:
276:D. M. Metcalf
272:
270:
266:
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258:
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248:
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241:
239:
235:
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227:
223:
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210:
204:
201:
193:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
163:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
116:siege to Tyre
113:
109:
104:
102:
98:
95:in 1109, and
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
61:
57:
54:coast of the
53:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
19:
986:
974:
950:
928:
909:
900:
896:
887:
813:Metcalf 1995
808:
775:
746:
734:
722:
710:
683:
652:
623:
616:Maalouf 1984
611:
599:
592:Maalouf 1984
587:
580:Maalouf 1984
575:
542:
530:
523:Maalouf 1984
503:
491:
484:Maalouf 1984
479:
467:
460:Maalouf 1984
438:
431:Maalouf 1984
426:
419:Maalouf 1984
414:
407:Maalouf 1984
392:Maalouf 1984
387:
367:
344:
338:
334:
325:
314:
296:
289:
273:
249:
242:
219:
205:
197:
188:
180:caravanserai
171:
164:
157:
128:
105:
46:The town of
45:
31:
29:
18:Lord of Tyre
870:Prawer 1998
849:Edbury 1993
830:Edbury 1993
801:Edbury 2001
780:Prawer 1998
768:Jacoby 2016
751:Jacoby 2016
739:Jacoby 2016
727:Jacoby 2016
715:Jacoby 2016
703:Prawer 1998
688:Prawer 1998
676:Prawer 1998
657:Jacoby 2016
645:Jacoby 2016
628:Prawer 1998
604:Prawer 1998
568:Jacoby 2016
496:Jacoby 2016
472:Prawer 1998
375:(1289–1291)
364:(1283–1284)
358:(1269–1283)
352:(1246–1269)
341:(1190–1192)
322:(1129–1131)
122:using iron
120:siege tower
52:Palestinian
1009:Categories
380:References
139:Baldwin II
106:The first
42:Background
209:Contarini
194:Territory
186:in 1168.
112:Baldwin I
103:in 1110.
91:in 1104,
60:crusaders
985:(1998).
973:(1995).
955:. SAQI.
949:(1984).
903:: 23–32.
335:de facto
299:Henry II
292:Humphrey
257:Margaret
124:grapnels
85:Caesarea
77:Venetian
879:Sources
339:de jure
303:Amalric
285:Baybars
283:sultan
265:escheat
184:Amalric
131:Artuqid
93:Tripoli
73:Genoese
993:
959:
935:
916:
281:Mamluk
152:, the
133:ruler
97:Beirut
101:Sidon
69:Pisan
991:ISBN
957:ISBN
933:ISBN
914:ISBN
261:John
176:fief
143:Doge
129:The
99:and
89:Acre
75:and
48:Tyre
30:The
1011::
899:.
856:^
837:^
820:^
787:^
758:^
695:^
664:^
635:^
554:^
515:^
450:^
399:^
333:,
110:,
71:,
67:.
999:.
965:.
941:.
922:.
901:8
20:)
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