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655:, clinker-built, though each had a square sail and rows of oars. "...literary evidence suggest that the navies of the Dalriadic Scots and Irish were not insignificant". In the mid 12th century, Somerled, the first Lord of the Isles, developed the stern rudder that gave the galleys and longships sailed by the Islesmen greater maneuverability over the steering oar used by the Vikings. These ships took part in sea battles and attacked castles or hill forts almost always located close to the sea. The Lordship specified the
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38:
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964:. Since then, the eldest male child of the reigning Scottish (and later, British) monarch has been styled "Lord of the Isles", essentially merging the crowns of Dal Riada with the Pictish East of Scotland. The office itself has been extinct since the 15th century and the style since then has no other meaning but to recall the Scottish seizure of the ancient Norse-Gaelic lordship and crown. Currently
960:. In addition to James IV seeking revenge on John II, he possessed a larger military force and was able to impose his will on the West Coast of Scotland, though uprisings and rebellions were common. Though the Lordship was taken away from the MacDonald family in the 15th century, waves of successive MacDonald leaders have contested this and fought for its revival ever since, notably during
303:
563:
Angus was killed with his three sons in 1210, possibly by Ranald's sons, RuaidhrĂ and
Domhnall, as a result of Angus having defeated Ranald in 1192. Although RuaidhrĂ originally seems to have held power in Kintyre, his later descendants held the lordship in the Hebrides and the lands that came to be
951:
to conquer
Scotland with him and the Earl of Douglas. The treaty between Edward IV and John II has been used to show how the MacDonald Lords were viewed as independent rulers of their kingdom, freely entering into national and military treaties with foreign governments. Unfortunately for the
503:. His origins went back to the Norse Kings of Dublin and the great Ard-RĂthe (singular: Ard-RĂ), the High Kings of Ireland. They also speak of Colla Uais, a Celtic prince with influence in the Western Isles before the establishment of the kingdom of Dalriada.
247:. After that time, the MacDonald Clan contested the right of James IV to the Lordship of the Isles and uprisings and rebellions against the Scottish monarch were common. More recently, the Lordship of the Isles has been held by the
956:, prevented the completion of the alliance between Edward IV and John II. Upon the discovery of his alliance with Edward IV in 1493, John II had his ancestral lands, estates, and titles taken from him by
378:
from
Ireland starting perhaps in the 4th century or earlier, whose language eventually predominated. In the 8th and 9th centuries this area, like others, suffered raids and invasions by Vikings from
474:, Gilledomman's grandson, seized the Isles (i.e. everything except the Isle of Man and Skye) beginning in 1135 (he gained the Isle of Man in 1156) and founded a dynasty that in time became the
1860:
647:) for both warfare and transport. Though they undoubtedly acquired longships from the Norse they defeated, the ships of the Dalriadic Scots and Irish and Islesmen predate the Viking
445:, intended as a demarcation of their respective areas of authority. Magnus was confirmed in control of the Isles and Edgar of the mainland. Lavery cites a tale from the
374:
The west coast and islands of present-day
Scotland were inhabited by a people or peoples of uncertain cultural affiliation until the 5th century. They were invaded by
490:(Sumarliðr is Old Norse for “summer warrior” or “summer traveler” in the sense of a Viking). Somerled took the title Lord of Argyll, Kintyre and Lorne and eventually
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offered Earl Magnus of Orkney all the islands off the west coast navigable with the rudder set. Magnus then allegedly had a skiff hauled across the neck of land at
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with himself at the helm, thus including the
Kintyre peninsula in the Isles' sphere of influence. (The date given falls after the end of Malcolm's reign in 1093.)
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Successive Lords of the Isles fiercely asserted their independence from
Scotland, acting as kings of their territories well into the 15th century. Then in 1462,
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The arms adopted by the Lord of the Isles varied over time, but the blazon given and illustrated in "The
Armorial of Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount" (1542) is:
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386:, the Islands of the Foreigners. Around 875, Norwegian jarls, or princes, came to these islands to avoid losing their independence in the course of King
289:. The red eagle first appeared on the arms with Donald Macdonald, Lord of the Isles, sometimes called Donald of Harlaw, for the battle he won in 1411.
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formed a defensive alliance, but subsequently the
Scandinavians defeated Gilla Adomnáin of the Isles and expelled him to Ireland. The Norse nobleman
418:. Scotland and Norway would continue to dispute overlordship of the area, with the jarls of Orkney at times seeing themselves as independent rulers.
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dues of its subjects in terms of numbers and sizes of the galleys (birlinns) each area had to provide in service to their Lord.
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In practice, membership and attendance must have varied with the times and the occasion. A commission granted in July 1545 by
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After
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known as
Garmoran. It is possible that these territories were gained after Angus’ death, and the annihilation of his line.
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of the Isles, who wrote a description of the Western Isles in 1549, described the membership as consisting of four ranks:
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Arms of Prince William, as used in Scotland. The galley in the 2nd and 3rd quarters represents the Lordship of the Isles
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in the 12th century and thereafter the title was held by a series of his descendants, the
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became ruler of Man and the Isles, but he was deposed in 1095 by the new King of Norway,
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Or, an eagle Gules displayed beaked and membered Sable, surmounted by a galley also Sable
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History of the Western Highlands and Isles of Scotland from AD 1493 to AD 1625
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At their height the lords of the Isles were thus of comparable power to the
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This article is about the Scottish title of nobility. For other uses, see
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Four "great men of the royal blood of Clan Donald lineally descended" (
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The Lord was advised (at least on an occasional basis) by a Council.
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810:"Freeholders or men that had their lands in factory" (Mackay of the
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331:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, 1100–c1336
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likewise has the titular female equivalent, Lady of the Isles.
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had his ancestral homeland, estates, and titles seized by King
834:, claimant to the Lordship, identified the following members:
296:
952:
MacDonald sovereigns, the civil war in England, known as the
1074:
575:(which would contest territory with the MacDougalls) :
1138:
Western Islands of Scotland & Genealogies of the Clans
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was the seat of the Lords of the Isles under Somerled and
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History of the Western Highlands and Islands of Scotland
1075:"Finlaggan, Islay: The Centre of the Lords of the Isles"
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rulers of the Isle of Man and Argyll and the islands of
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Alexander of Islay, Earl of Ross and Lord of the Isles
530:: unclear area, perhaps the remaining northern regions
639:
In their maritime domain the Lords of the Isles used
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John of Islay II, Earl of Ross and Lord of the Isles
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2527:Knowledge (XXG):WikiProject Royalty and Nobility
1426:* Held by the eldest male child of the reigning
737:on Eilean Mòr, Loch Finlaggan, on the island of
382:, and the islands became known to the Gaels as
822:, Mackay of Ugadale, Macgillivray in Mull and
152:with historical roots that go back beyond the
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1109:Rixson, Denis, The West Highland Galley, 1998
772:Four "greatest of the nobles, called lords" (
108:was the seat of the Lords of the Isles under
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1156:(William Tait, Edinburgh, 1836), at page 170
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968:is titular Lord of the Isles, as well as
791:Four "thanes of less living and estate" (
414:to regain control, and Ketil then became
347:Learn how and when to remove this message
180:). Although they were, at times, nominal
172:. They wielded sea-power with fleets of
1024:
947:Lord of the Isles signed a treaty with
200:, the Isles of Arran, Bute, Islay, the
663:List of Clan Donald Lords of the Isles
741:, where the Council of the Isles met.
7:
2495:List of current constituent monarchs
982:Prince and Great Steward of Scotland
704:Domhnall of Islay, Lord of the Isles
150:nobility in the Baronage of Scotland
263:is the current Lord of the Isles.
2490:List of current sovereign monarchs
1944:Imperial and Most Faithful Majesty
930:Angus Macdonald, brother of James
699:John of Islay I, Lord of the Isles
497:(King of the Hebrides) as well as
21:Lord of the Isles (disambiguation)
14:
2365:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
1870:Imperial, royal, and noble styles
571:, who would give his name to the
1512:
1303:Claimants (1493 & following)
871:Archibald Macdonald, Captain of
301:
72:Prince William, Duke of Rothesay
2563:Succession to the British crown
1324:Reserved to the Throne in 1540*
2480:Defender of the Holy Sepulchre
1:
1343:Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales
1265:Lords of the Isles, 1336–1493
939:End of the MacDonald lordship
856:Alexander Macleod of Dunvegan
48:
1828:History of the British Isles
1349:Charles Stuart, Duke of York
431:Máel Coluim I of Strathclyde
2184:Imperial and Royal Highness
1474:Scotland in the Middle Ages
1367:James Francis Edward Stuart
327:the claims made and adding
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1938:Imperial and Royal Majesty
1284:Alasdair a ĂŤle (Alexander)
451:, according to which King
255:, is usually borne by the
18:
16:Title of Scottish nobility
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1876:
1510:
1424:
1385:George Augustus Frederick
1185:The Lordship of the Isles
1171:The Lordship of the Isles
1064:of late medieval Ireland.
867:Allan Maclean of Torloisk
467:Founding of the dynasties
429:, King of the Scots, and
35:
1136:R.W.Munro (ed), Monro's
966:William, Prince of Wales
631:, Lord of the Isles – a
253:Kingdom of Great Britain
1290:Eoin II a ĂŤle (John II)
1278:DĂłmhnall a ĂŤle (Donald)
1077:. Finlaggan Trust. 2015
908:John Maclean of Ardgour
845:Macdonald of Clanranald
839:Hector Maclean of Duart
816:MacNicol of Scorrybreac
763:MacIain of Ardnamurchan
755:MacDonald of Clanranald
453:Malcolm III of Scotland
2485:Great Catholic Monarch
1996:Most Excellent Majesty
1972:Most Christian Majesty
914:Macdonell of Glengarry
879:MacIan of Ardnamurchan
820:MacEacharn of Kilellan
759:MacDonald of Dunnyvaig
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620:The MacDonald lordship
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510:The King of Man: Man,
480:Somerled MacGillebride
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2548:Feudalism in Scotland
2470:Defender of the Faith
2463:Divine right of kings
2214:Ducal Serene Highness
2036:Most Eminent Highness
2001:Most Gracious Majesty
1978:Most Faithful Majesty
1781:Scandinavian Scotland
1766:Lordship of the Isles
1272:Eoin I a ĂŤle (John I)
1207:The History of Argyll
932:Macdonald of Dunnyveg
824:Macmillan of Knapdale
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633:Victorian illustrator
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425:, King of the Isles,
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31:Lordship of the Isles
2297:Duli Yang Maha Mulia
2232:Illustrious Highness
2202:Grand Ducal Highness
2060:Illustrious Highness
1733:Wars of Independence
1355:Charles James Stuart
1060:or perhaps even the
1003:Kingdom of the Isles
958:James IV of Scotland
949:Edward IV of England
862:Maclaine of Lochbuie
851:Macleod of the Lewes
786:Macleod of the Lewes
778:Maclaine of Lochbuie
767:MacDonald of Keppoch
725:Council of the Isles
689:Alasdair Ă“g of Islay
369:Kingdom of the Isles
365:Diocese of the Isles
245:James IV of Scotland
60:Baronage of Scotland
2458:By the Grace of God
1723:Davidian Revolution
1033:"Lord of the Isles"
918:Angus Macdonald of
897:Mackinnon of Strath
793:Mackinnon of Strath
782:Macleod of Dunvegan
694:Aonghus Og of Islay
684:Angus Mor MacDonald
569:Donald Mor McRanald
154:Kingdom of Scotland
2568:Titles in Scotland
2508:Translatio imperii
1258:Lords of the Isles
1205:MacDonald, C. M.,
924:Donald Maclean of
903:MacQuarrie of Ulva
805:Macquarrie of Ulva
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476:Lords of the Isles
390:'s unification of
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1212:McDonald, R. A.,
1193:978-0-9502612-1-8
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945:John MacDonald II
443:Edgar of Scotland
423:Maccus mac Arailt
416:King of the Isles
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2131:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2107:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:Most Excellent
2069:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
2024:Royal Highness
2021:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
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1912:
1907:
1901:
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1471:
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1419:
1418:
1412:
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1394:
1388:
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1361:Charles Stuart
1358:
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1210:
1203:
1196:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1150:Donald Gregory
1142:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1088:
1066:
1049:
1023:
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1016:
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905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
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858:
853:
847:
841:
828:
827:
808:
799:, MacNeill of
789:
770:
726:
723:
722:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
664:
661:
621:
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617:
616:
591:
561:
560:
559:
558:
552:
531:
522:
488:Sumarlidi Höld
468:
465:
439:Magnus Bareleg
408:Orkney Islands
363:The Norwegian
355:
354:
309:
307:
300:
294:
291:
282:
279:
261:Prince William
232:and Scotland.
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
69:
67:Present holder
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2585:
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2528:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2514:Victory title
2512:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
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2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
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2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2345:
2344:Son of Heaven
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2319:King of Kings
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
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2290:
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2271:
2268:
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2256:
2245:
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2239:
2236:
2233:
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2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Pater Patriae
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2097:Much Honoured
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:Royal Majesty
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1905:Nəgusä Nägäst
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
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1864:
1859:
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1829:
1826:
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1823:
1819:
1813:
1812:Privy Council
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:The Old North
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
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1757:
1751:
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1429:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1391:Albert Edward
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:James Stewart
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1315:DĂłmhnall Dubh
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
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1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1198:Gregory, D.,
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
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1143:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1050:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
998:Lord of Islay
996:
995:
991:
989:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
946:
938:
933:
929:
927:
923:
921:
917:
915:
911:
909:
906:
904:
900:
898:
894:
892:
888:
886:
882:
880:
876:
874:
873:Clann Uisdein
870:
868:
865:
863:
859:
857:
854:
852:
848:
846:
842:
840:
837:
836:
835:
833:
832:Domhnall Dubh
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:
750:
748:
740:
736:
733:The ruins of
731:
724:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
662:
660:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
635:'s impression
634:
630:
626:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:Clan Macruari
596:(ancestor of
595:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
567:
566:
565:
556:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
536:(ancestor of
535:
532:
529:
526:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:
507:
504:
502:
501:
496:
494:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
466:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
449:
444:
440:
436:
435:Godred Crovan
432:
428:
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419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
370:
366:
361:
351:
348:
340:
330:
326:
322:
316:
315:
310:This section
308:
299:
298:
292:
290:
288:
280:
278:
276:
272:
268:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
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155:
151:
147:
143:
138:
136:
130:
126:
122:
118:
111:
107:
103:
99:
91:
83:
82:Prince George
80:
78:Heir apparent
76:
73:
70:
64:
61:
58:
54:
47:
45:Creation date
43:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
2506:
2473:
2121:Ancient Rome
1790:Institutions
1765:
1615:Architecture
1522:Early Realms
1430:(and later,
1337:James Stuart
1257:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1184:
1183:Dunbar, J.,
1177:
1170:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1105:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1069:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1036:
1027:
942:
829:
744:
638:
562:
546:Ardnamurchan
505:
500:King of Mann
498:
491:
487:
486:or in Norse
483:
479:
475:
470:
446:
420:
383:
373:
343:
334:
311:
286:
284:
265:
234:
222:Ardnamurchan
216:from 1438),
162:Norse-Gaelic
120:
116:
115:
25:
2553:Clan Donald
2502:Sacred king
2410:Netherlands
2186:(HI&RH)
2177:Middle Ages
2092:Wohlgeboren
2082:Hochgeboren
2030:Monseigneur
1940:(HI&RM)
1750:Renaissance
1728:Great Cause
1640:Agriculture
1599:Strathclyde
1411:(1952–2022)
1405:(1910–1936)
1399:(1901–1910)
1393:(1841–1901)
1387:(1762–1820)
1381:(1727–1751)
1375:(1714–1727)
1369:(1688–1702)
1363:(1630–1649)
1351:(1612–1625)
1345:(1594–1612)
1339:(1566–1567)
1333:(1540–1541)
1301:Clan Donald
1292:(1449–1493)
1286:(1423–1449)
1280:(1386–1423)
1274:(1336–1386)
1219:Munro. J.,
1008:Donald Dubh
984:. His wife
926:Kingairloch
573:Clan Donald
427:Kenneth III
398:as well as
337:August 2017
275:Clan Donald
202:Isle of Man
170:Middle Ages
110:Clan Donald
2542:Categories
2302:Great king
2244:Excellency
2105:(Millourt)
2066:Excellency
1807:Parliament
1677:Literature
1662:Government
1630:Demography
1310:Aonghas Ă“g
1164:References
1097:"Heraldry"
1058:Geraldines
912:Alexander
889:Gilleonan
877:Alexander
747:Dean Monro
495:Innse Gall
402:, and the
384:Innse-Gall
321:improve it
293:Background
224:, and the
137:Innse Gall
2393:Countries
2113:Antiquity
1657:Geography
1652:Education
1625:Childhood
1554:Dál Riata
1489:Sub-Roman
1434:) monarch
1176:Brown M,
1019:Footnotes
986:Catherine
649:longships
629:MacDonald
600:) :
484:Somhairle
461:Loch Fyne
325:verifying
281:Armorials
267:Finlaggan
102:Finlaggan
2451:See also
2440:Scotland
2415:Portugal
2324:Maharaja
2292:Baghatur
2234:(HIll.H)
2226:Serenity
2208:Highness
2139:Sebastos
2134:Augustus
2062:(HIll.H)
2048:Highness
1933:Holiness
1891:nobility
1687:Religion
1672:Language
1667:Identity
1594:Scotland
1569:Gododdin
1564:Galloway
1539:Bernicia
1534:Bamburgh
1428:Scottish
1417:(2022– )
992:See also
920:Knoydart
860:Murdoch
719:Angus Ă“g
669:Somerled
645:birlinns
606:Garmoran
589:Knapdale
472:Somerled
421:In 973,
404:Shetland
396:Hebrides
218:Knoydart
206:Hebrides
194:Scotland
178:birlinns
166:Scotland
158:Somerled
56:Creation
2405:Georgia
2353:Islamic
2153:Georgia
2144:Dominus
2012:Majesty
1925:Western
1915:Pharaoh
1887:royalty
1771:Marches
1697:Warfare
1692:Society
1635:Economy
1559:Fortriu
1432:British
1415:William
1409:Charles
1216:, 1997.
1209:, 1950.
1180:, 1994.
1178:James I
674:Ragnall
641:galleys
585:Kintyre
542:Morvern
534:Dougall
457:Tarbert
319:Please
259:. Thus
226:Kintyre
190:Ireland
184:of the
182:vassals
174:galleys
168:in the
2435:Canada
2425:Sweden
2420:Serbia
2400:France
2375:Sharif
2370:Hadrat
2339:Shogun
2329:Mikado
2312:Khagan
2270:Senhor
2216:(HDSH)
2204:(HGDH)
2103:Milord
2038:(HMEH)
2032:(Msgr)
1974:(HMCM)
1898:Africa
1889:, and
1759:Places
1743:Second
1711:Events
1608:Topics
1589:Rhinns
1584:Orkney
1403:Edward
1397:George
1357:(1629)
1191:
1042:19 May
849:Ruari
812:Rhinns
679:Donald
657:feudal
653:knarrs
612:, and
555:Ranald
548:, and
518:, and
516:Harris
392:Norway
380:Norway
198:Argyll
51:875 AD
2284:Asian
2238:Grace
2222:(HSH)
2198:(HRH)
2192:(HIH)
2056:(HSH)
2044:(HEH)
2026:(HRH)
2018:Grace
2008:(HRM)
1992:(HBM)
1986:(HOM)
1980:(HFM)
1968:(HCM)
1957:(HAM)
1951:(HIM)
1910:Nkosi
1883:popes
1797:Court
1738:First
1702:Women
1682:Music
1645:Trade
1579:Moray
1574:Isles
1081:1 May
901:John
895:Ewen
843:John
801:Gigha
739:Islay
610:Arran
577:Islay
528:Angus
512:Lewis
376:Gaels
271:Islay
192:, or
142:Latin
106:Islay
2334:Shah
2307:Khan
2246:(HE)
2240:(HG)
2228:(HS)
2210:(HH)
2160:Mepe
2068:(HE)
2050:(HH)
2020:(HG)
2014:(HM)
1881:for
1529:Alba
1482:Eras
1189:ISBN
1083:2018
1044:2024
980:and
885:Coll
803:and
784:and
765:and
651:and
614:Bute
602:Uist
594:Rory
581:Jura
550:Mull
520:Skye
406:and
214:Ross
212:and
210:Skye
135:Rìgh
2265:Don
1802:Law
1620:Art
1544:Cat
1127:Id.
540:):
400:Man
323:by
269:on
131:or
119:or
104:on
2544::
1885:,
1549:CĂ©
1152:,
1035:.
976:,
972:,
826:).
818:,
814:,
795:,
780:,
776:,
761:,
757:,
608:,
604:,
587:,
583:,
579:,
544:,
514:,
493:RĂ
482:,
459:,
277:.
220:,
204:,
188:,
144::
140:;
127::
49:c.
2476:)
2472:(
1862:e
1855:t
1848:v
1465:e
1458:t
1451:v
1250:e
1243:t
1236:v
1195:.
1099:.
1085:.
1046:.
934:.
807:)
788:)
769:)
643:(
350:)
344:(
339:)
335:(
317:.
208:(
176:(
123:(
112:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
