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336:. The couple became more interested in the Civil War after the early deaths of three of their children. At first, Williams actually aided Velázquez in her endeavors to cross-dress and to enlist. He agreed to a night out together with Velázquez disguised as a man, assured that upon seeing the behavior of other men she would be dissuaded. Velázquez's desires to enlist, however, were only strengthened. Velázquez failed to convince her husband to let her join him, so she acquired two
1382:
Perilous
Performances as a Spy, as a Bearer of Despatches, as a Secret-Service Agent, and as a Blockade-Runner; of Her Adventures Behind the Scenes at Washington, including the Bond Swindle; of her Career as a Bounty and Substitute Broker in New York; of Her Travels in Europe and South America; Her Mining Adventures on the Pacific Slope; Her Residence among the Mormons; Her Love Affairs, Courtships, Marriages, &c., &c.
42:
1381:
The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the
Exploits, Adventures, and Travels of Madame Loreta Janeta Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army. In Which Is Given Full Descriptions of the Numerous Battles in which She Participated as a Confederate Officer of Her
578:
Davis's work viewed his subject in a negative light, expressing also doubt whether women ever served effectively as military personnel in the Civil War, detailing specific doubts around Velázquez's service. Davis does, however, provide a definite date for her death as "Loretta J. Beard" on
January
459:
Her book appeared in print in 1876. In the preface, Velázquez stated that she had written the book primarily for money so she could support her child, perhaps to combat the notion of her profiting from the war. The veracity of the account was attacked almost immediately, and remains an issue with
319:
officer known only as John
Williams (also often referred to in various sources as simply "William") on April 5, 1856, despite the threats to be sent to a convent or back to Cuba from her family. Her decision to elope was poorly received by her family, causing their estrangement. She initially
393:, she found the battalion she had raised in Arkansas and fought in the battle. As she was burying the dead after a battle, a stray shell wounded her. When the army doctor who examined her discovered she was a woman, she again fled to New Orleans and saw Major General
451:. Two days after her arrival in the mining area of Nevada, she received a proposal of marriage from a sixty-year-old man, which she refused. After eventually marrying a younger man, whose name is not known, Velázquez soon left Nevada, travelling with her baby.
538:
as largely fiction, but based on real experience. A newspaper report mentions a
Lieutenant Bensford arrested when it was disclosed that "he" was actually a woman, and gives her name as Alice Williams, a name that Loreta Velázquez apparently also used.
617:, an investigative documentary, examining the story of Loreta Velázquez. The film is a detective story exploring Velázquez's report and the politics involved in erasing her from history. It was produced in 2013 and has a run-time of 73 minutes.
348:, and presented them to her husband as her command. Her husband died soon after in an accident while he was demonstrating the use of weapons to his troops. Velázquez turned her men over to a friend and began to search for more things to do.
385:
until the surrender. She was wounded in battle, but was not exposed. She fled to New
Orleans, where she was arrested, suspected of being a female Union spy in disguise. After she was released, she enlisted to get away from the city.
296:
in 1849, while living with an aunt. Her father's wealth as a plantation owner allowed her this opportunity to travel and continue her education. While in New
Orleans, Velázquez took to fairy tales and stories of heroism, citing
575:. The woman he ultimately identified as Velázquez served terms in jail for theft and other minor offenses, and subsequently invented glamorous stories about her origin, having learned to lie while working as a prostitute.
486:
She became very active in public life and politics, and was particularly involved in grand speculative schemes around mining and railway building, as well as being involved in journalism and writing. Her biographer
1048:
A woman of business, a woman who can 'run things' like a man, is rare in the world. Once in a while, such a woman comes to the front and she is regarded as a curiosity. I had a talk with one of these fascinating
246:, Cuba, on June 26, 1842, to a wealthy Cuban official and a mother of French and American ancestry. She also used the name Alice Williams. According to her own account, Velázquez was of
320:
continued to live with her aunt, but after a quarrel with her she moved in with her husband and lived at various army posts, estranging herself further from her family by converting to
657:
431:
After the war, Velázquez traveled in Europe with her brother, as well as throughout South
America and the southern United States. She married Major Wasson and emigrated with him to
228:
The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the
Exploits, Adventures, and travels of Madame Loreta Janeta Velázquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army
1452:
1240:
The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the
Exploits, Adventures and travels of Madame Loreta Janeta Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry J. Buford, Confederate States Army
518:
Loreta Janeta Velázquez is said to have died in 1923, but historian Richard Hall states that her death is unknown and the place and date of her death are also unknown. Hall, in
571:". Velázquez used many aliases, according to Davis, while he was uncertain of her actual name, age, and place of birth, and thus unable to determine her family, background, or
460:
scholars. Some opine it is probably entirely fiction, others that the details in the text show a familiarity with the times that would be difficult to completely simulate.
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404:, authorities again hired her as a spy and she began to travel all around the US. At that time, she married a Captain Thomas DeCaulp; he reportedly died soon after in a
478:, a program that presented details of Velázquez's story as genuine. However, the overall truthfulness of her account remains indeterminate and highly questionable.
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201:, until unmasked once more. She then became a Confederate spy, working in both male and female guises, and as a double agent also reporting to the
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212:, she died in January 1923 under the name Loretta J. Beard after many years away from the public eye in a public psychiatric facility,
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911:
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601:, all of which, he said, have failed to accurately evaluate Velázquez's claims and thus "perpetuated" her lies to promote their own
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285:. This animosity perpetuated the estrangement between Velázquez and her father after her elopement with an American soldier.
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439:, she returned to the United States. During her subsequent travels around the U.S., she gave birth to a baby boy and met
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173:(19th-century – 1923) was an American woman who wrote that she had masqueraded as a male Confederate soldier during the
128:
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At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Velázquez says that her husband resigned his U.S. commission and joined the
177:. The book she wrote about her experiences says that after her soldier husband's accidental death, she enlisted in the
1132:
247:
216:. Most of her claims are not supportable with actual documents, and many are contradictable by actual documentation.
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refused to accept her memoirs as fact, and modern scholars have cast doubt upon the veracity of the book's report.
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on this excursion. When she returned to the South, she was assigned to the detective corps. She later left for
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is fiction. Davis asserted that Velázquez was neither Cuban nor a Confederate soldier, but "a thief" and a "
494:
Some press accounts were impressed by her vitality and business acumen, such as in an 1891 account from the
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555:. This account was based on newspaper and archival research, and came to the conclusion that the whole of
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suggests that her actions were generally fraudulent, intending to raise money for herself and associates.
405:
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Amazons and military maids : women who dressed as men in the pursuit of life, liberty and happiness
931:
Women in the Civil War: Extraordinary Stories of Soldiers, Spies, Nurses, Doctors, Crusaders, and Others
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510:. Velázquez was described there as "a woman of business, a woman who can 'run things like a man'."
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Velázquez was engaged young to Raphael, a Spaniard, in what she referred to in her memoir as a "
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Inventing Loreta Velasquez: Confederate Soldier Impersonator, Media Celebrity, and Con Artist
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Inventing Loreta Velasquez: Confederate Soldier Impersonator, Media Celebrity, and Con Artist
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Inventing Loreta Velásquez: Confederate Soldier Impersonator, Media Celebrity, and Con Artist
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355:. She eventually grew tired of camp life, however, and again donned female garb to go to
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1000:
Authenticity, Autobiography, and Identity: the Woman in Battle as a Civil War Narrative
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She then traveled north where officials hired her to search for herself. In
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1110:"Celebrate Women's History Month by coming to a free screening of Rebel"
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hospital. (An officer of that name is known to have survived the war.)
337:
789:"Loreta Velázquez, la mujer que fue a la guerra disfrazada de hombre"
270:
243:
351:
Her first experience in combat was as an independent soldier in the
1024:"Woman and Home: A Businesslike Woman and Her Various Enterprises"
583:
for the Insane, Washington. In the final chapter, Davis critiqued
444:
313:
205:. She remarried three more times, being widowed in each instance.
1345:. London: Pandora. pp. 26, 43, 59, 66, 70, 72, 95, 139–140.
397:
take command of the city. She gave up her uniform at that point.
1262:
Disarming the Nation: Women's Writing and the American Civil War
526:
and analyzes whether it is accurate or fictionalized. Historian
412:
251:
1112:. National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
1226:
All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies
814:"Una "travesti" cubana en la Guerra Civil de Estados Unidos"
344:. There she recruited 236 men in four days, shipped them to
933:. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.
242:
According to her book, Loreta Janeta Velázquez was born in
1182:
Devil's Game: The Civil War Intrigues of Charles A. Dunham
193:, but was discharged when her sex was discovered while in
1303:
Latina legacies : identity, biography, and community
1002:. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. pp. ix–x.
463:
Shortly after its appearance, former Confederate General
226:
Velázquez recorded her adventures in her 600-page book,
840:"La cubana que se vistió de hombre para ir a la guerra"
658:
Timeline of women in war in the United States, pre-1945
1322:
Latinas in the United States a Historical Encyclopedia
956:
She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
904:
She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
879:
She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
762:
She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
730:
She Went to the Field: Women Soldiers of the Civil War
1212:
Patriots in Disguise: Women Warriors of the Civil War
1104:
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48:
and disguised as "Lieutenant Harry T. Buford" (left)
1282:
Full Metal Corset: Secret Soldiers of the Civil War
867:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co. pp. 225, 226
818:
Radio y Televisión Martí | RadioTelevisionMarti.com
419:, she tried to organize a rebellion of Confederate
230:(1876) to support her son. The Confederate general
136:
123:
115:
95:
77:
69:
61:
53:
32:
1320:Ruiz, Vicki L.; Korrol, Virginia Sánchez (2006).
1301:Ruiz, Vicki L.; Korrol, Virginia Sánchez (2005).
1398:K.G. Schneider – Women soldiers of the Civil War
1393:DeAnne Blanton – Women soldiers of the Civil War
563:", possibly born in New York, and eventually a "
340:, adopted the name Harry T. Buford and moved to
273:and Cuba. He felt a deep resentment towards the
1250:Reprinted in 2003 by University of Wisconsin.
949:
947:
1384:Richmond, Va.: Dustin, Gilman & Co., 1876.
755:
753:
751:
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1242:(1876) Reprinted in 1972 by the Arno Press.
677:Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice (January 10, 2013).
8:
1453:Converts to Methodism from Roman Catholicism
1200:. Southern Illinois University Press, 2016.
1388:"What part am I to act in this great drama?
197:. Undeterred, she reenlisted and fought at
1413:History of Female Spies of the Confederacy
1135:. Filmmakers Collaborative. Archived from
679:"Loreta Janeta Velazquez: Spy and Soldier"
648:List of female American Civil War soldiers
551:published a biography of Velázquez titled
467:denounced the book as an obvious fiction.
29:
1458:Hispanic and Latino American Confederates
1324:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
381:In Tennessee, she fought in the siege of
977:
975:
669:
277:after losing an inherited ranch in the
1264:. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1999.
1184:. Urbana: U. of Illinois Press, 2004.
925:
923:
1305:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1166:Blanton, DeAnne, and Lauren M. Cook.
7:
838:Mundo, Redacción BBC (3 June 2013).
783:
781:
594:approaches to Velazquez, as well as
1377:, Female Soldier Disguised As A Man
863:Tucker, Phillip Thomas, ed. (2002)
643:Hispanics in the American Civil War
269:official who owned plantations in
27:American Civll War spy (1842–1923)
25:
1214:. N.Y.: Marlowe & Co., 1994.
1170:. Baton Rouge: LSU Press, 2002.
958:. Guilford: Two Dot. p. 34.
906:. Guilford: Two Dot. p. 27.
881:. Guilford: Two Dot. p. 26.
764:. Guilford: Two Dot. p. 24.
732:. Guilford: Two Dot. p. 23.
988:. New York: Bantam Books. p. 200
627:
363:. She reported that she had met
127:
102:
82:
40:
1034:. 7 March 1891. Archived from
653:List of wartime cross-dressers
308:." At fourteen years old, she
1:
1463:19th-century American writers
1405:at Hispanic Americans in the
820:(in Spanish). 10 October 2011
532:All the Daring of the Soldier
301:as a particular inspiration.
90:Confederate States of America
1448:American media personalities
1070:Southern Illinois University
929:Eggleston, Larry G. (2003).
181:in 1861. She then fought at
46:Velázquez as herself (right)
1339:Wheelwright, Julie (1999).
1284:, The History Channel, 2007
613:María Aguí Carter directed
547:In October 2016, historian
1479:
1238:Velazquez, Loreta Janeta.
1131:Filmmakers Collaborative.
256:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
57:Lieutenant Harry T. Buford
865:Cubans in the Confederacy
704:"Loreta Janeta Velazquez"
635:American Civil War portal
39:
1403:Loretta Janeta Velasquez
1032:Terre Haute, Vigo County
443:in Utah. She arrived in
353:First Battle of Bull Run
149:First Battle of Bull Run
1375:Loreta Janeta Velazquez
1168:They Fought Like Demons
581:St. Elizabeths Hospital
522:, takes a hard look at
306:marriage of convenience
250:descent and related to
214:St. Elizabeths Hospital
208:According to historian
179:Confederate States Army
171:Loreta Janeta Velázquez
110:Confederate States Army
34:Loreta Janeta Velázquez
18:Loreta Janeta Velazquez
1290:, 2013, PBS home video
1228:. N.Y.: Norton, 1999.
998:Aleman, Jesse (2003).
359:, where she spied for
288:Velázquez learned the
1028:Saturday Evening Mail
954:Tsui, Bonnie (2006).
902:Tsui, Bonnie (2006).
877:Tsui, Bonnie (2006).
760:Tsui, Bonnie (2006).
728:Tsui, Bonnie (2006).
543:Revisionist biography
503:Saturday Evening Mail
455:Reception of her book
116:Years of service
1224:Leonard, Elizabeth.
520:Patriots in Disguise
482:Career after the war
279:Mexican–American War
1433:19th-century births
557:The Woman in Battle
536:The Woman in Battle
524:The Woman in Battle
472:The History Channel
221:The Woman in Battle
203:U.S. Secret Service
1409:(archived in 2007)
1260:Young, Elizabeth.
1194:Davis, William C.
1038:on 11 October 2016
609:In popular culture
435:. When he died in
402:Richmond, Virginia
395:Benjamin F. Butler
346:Pensacola, Florida
328:American Civil War
317:United States Army
267:Spanish government
175:American Civil War
144:American Civil War
1352:978-0-04-440494-1
1180:Cumming, Carman.
1062:C. Davis, William
986:The Gentle Tamers
771:978-0-7627-4384-1
739:978-0-7627-4384-1
592:historiographical
579:26, 1923, at the
534:(1999), assesses
528:Elizabeth Leonard
500:reprinted in the
476:Full Metal Corset
265:Her father was a
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132:Second Lieutenant
16:(Redirected from
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1141:. Retrieved
1137:the original
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1438:1923 deaths
1276:TV programs
688:January 11,
508:Terre Haute
465:Jubal Early
406:Chattanooga
299:Joan of Arc
294:New Orleans
258:and artist
232:Jubal Early
195:New Orleans
54:Nickname(s)
1427:Categories
1270:0226960870
1256:0299194205
1248:0405044852
1234:0393047121
1220:1557784388
1206:0809335220
1190:0252028902
1176:0807128066
1093:Davis p236
1009:0299194205
982:Brown, Dee
939:0786414936
850:2020-05-29
824:2020-05-29
799:2020-05-29
713:January 4,
664:References
596:postmodern
569:con artist
561:prostitute
78:Allegiance
1407:U.S. Army
1361:718007447
1042:1 October
573:ethnicity
470:In 2007,
433:Venezuela
376:Tennessee
322:Methodism
254:governor
248:Castilian
153:Siege of
119:1861–1865
1143:26 March
1116:26 March
1064:(2016).
984:(1958).
621:See also
589:Hispanic
585:feminist
565:swindler
449:revolver
342:Arkansas
338:uniforms
183:Bull Run
96:Service/
1133:"Rebel"
1072:Press.
603:agendas
567:" and "
437:Caracas
427:Travels
417:Indiana
312:with a
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310:eloped
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1288:REBEL
1161:Books
615:Rebel
530:, in
514:Death
445:Omaha
314:Texas
252:Cuban
1357:OCLC
1347:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1307:ISBN
1266:ISBN
1252:ISBN
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1230:ISBN
1216:ISBN
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1145:2013
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1074:ISBN
1044:2016
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766:ISBN
734:ISBN
715:2018
690:2018
587:and
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367:and
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73:1923
70:Died
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