511:
1731:
61:
tests. In the latter two cases, the effect of air resistance must be subtracted or the tests performed at very low speeds. In 2009 The CEC used a rating called
Rolling Resistance Force RRF. RRF and RRC, rolling resistance coefficient are very similar. Difference is taking the RRF and dividing it by the load(weight) to get RRC. So a Michelin Harmony tire rated at 9.45 RRF at 1000 pounds load would be .0095 RRC.
1721:
791:
F150, rear-wheel drive standard pick-up truck; an Acura MDX, all-wheel drive sport-utility vehicle; and a
Volkswagen Jetta, front-wheel drive compact sedan. Top speed and acceleration generally improved. "Handling performance showed no significant correlation with light-weighted and LRR tires; Braking & slalom testing showed variable results for the setups tested."
45:), which is the value of the rolling resistance force divided by the wheel load. A lower coefficient means the tires will use less energy to travel a certain distance. The coefficient is mostly considered as independent of speed, but for precise calculations it is tabled at several speeds or an additional speed-dependent part is used. The
790:
A Transport Canada study that examined performance of vehicles that combined "light weighting" (reducing vehicle weight) and Low
Rolling Resistance tires found that such vehicles performed about the same or better than their non-light-weighted/regular tire counterparts. The test vehicles were a Ford
72:
tests were planned on a number of different tires mounted on 15 and 16-inch rims – the most common tire sizes in Canada at that time – to determine how rolling resistance is influenced by vehicle size, tire width and profile. Results will be used to inform
Canadians about the types of low rolling
60:
When measured by using these standard test practices, most new passenger tires have reported RRCs ranging from 0.007 to 0.014. In the case of bicycle tires, values of 0.0025 to 0.005 are achieved. These coefficients are measured on rollers, with power meters on road surfaces, or with coast-down
925:
76:
The rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) indicates the amount of force required to overcome the hysteresis of the material as the tire rolls. Tire pressure, vehicle weight and velocity all play a role in how much force is lost to rolling resistance.
73:
resistance tires available in Canada, and whether they can help reduce fuel consumption and pollutants from passenger vehicles. SAE J2452 is a standard defined by the
Society of Automotive Engineers to define the rolling resistance of tires.
523:
Because fuel efficiency is an important selling point for most hybrid vehicles, they are often equipped with low-rolling resistance tires. Electric vehicles are also often equipped with low-rolling resistance tires to maximize their range.
1011:
496:(CEC) preliminary study estimated that adoption of low-rolling resistance tires could save 1.5–4.5% of all gasoline consumption, but that current data were also insufficient to compare safety and other characteristics.
922:
158:
736:
Below are the light duty tires (as reported by
Consumer reports) achieving their best rolling resistance rating. Again, higher overall rated tires are closer to the top of the list.
943:
503:(NHTSA) study in 2009 found that if 2% of the replacement tires would reduce their rolling resistance by 5%, there would be 7.9 million gallons fuel and 76,000 metric tons of CO
1035:
818:
has rolling resistance requirements that went into effect in July 2008. The law was passed in 2003 and the standards and reporting requirements were finalized in 2007.
459:
359:
254:
1112:
Tires and
Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy: Informing Consumers, Improving Performance -- Special Report 286 (2006) by Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)
479:
379:
274:
22:
are designed to reduce the energy loss as a tire rolls, decreasing the required rolling effort — and in the case of automotive applications, improving vehicle
500:
439:
419:
399:
334:
314:
294:
232:
210:
188:
1130:
787:
Depending on the specific technique and materials used by the manufacturers, tire life may be as good as conventional tires, and traction may also be as good.
1663:
674:
Here is a list of
Consumer Report's tires that achieved their best rolling resistance rating. The tires at the top of the list are rated higher overall.
567:
961:
484:
This model is newer than SAE J1269 and provides more accuracy over a range of different vehicle loads (weight), tire pressures and vehicle speeds.
1012:"Dynamic Performance Comparison of Vehicle Models & New Model Generations Employing Lightweight Materials and Low Rolling Resistance Tires"
531:
typically equip new vehicles with tires that have lower rolling resistance than their average after-market replacements, in order to meet
940:
798:
newsletter says "LRR tires also meet the same federal standards for treadwear, traction, and temperature resistance as regular tires."
824:
require a regulation too: "Tire
Rolling Sound Emissions, Adhesion on Wet Surfaces, and Rolling Resistance | UN Regulation No. 117".
801:
Older Low-rolling resistance tires may reduce ability to grip, especially when taking corners, and may also wear out more rapidly.
905:
616:
1032:
1562:
1158:
46:
532:
1552:
795:
570:
89:
1755:
643:
596:
493:
1673:
1076:
1051:
857:
833:
33:
Such tires are now commonly installed as standard, either mandated by law or to meet eco labelling standards.
958:
893:"Tires and Passenger Vehicle Fuel Economy: Informing Consumers, Improving Performance -- Special Report 286."
1514:
1471:
1401:
999:
510:
1610:
1481:
1476:
875:
1461:
555:
547:
551:
878:(Website). Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
1441:
543:
1567:
1203:
1151:
976:
539:
1720:
566:
Some tires available in 2003 ranked by coefficient from lowest (least wasteful), according to the
1605:
1436:
847:
27:
1111:
1431:
1308:
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239:
1724:
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895:, National Academy of Sciences, Transportation Research Board, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-08-11
633:
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364:
259:
69:
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1033:
Earthwise: Updates from the Union of
Concerned Scientists, Volume 6, Number 2, Spring 2004
965:
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929:
852:
23:
26:
as approximately 5–15% of the fuel consumed by a typical gas car may be used to overcome
1760:
1734:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1451:
1371:
1263:
1144:
909:
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558:(MRF) offers the MRF ZSLK range of eco-friendly car tires with low rolling resistance.
424:
404:
384:
319:
299:
279:
217:
195:
173:
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41:
Rolling resistance can be expressed by the rolling resistance coefficient (RRC or C
1696:
1620:
1572:
1557:
1504:
1273:
1253:
1243:
1188:
832:
Passenger tires are tested for rolling resistance in order to obtain the German
582:
1701:
1519:
1446:
1356:
1346:
1313:
815:
810:
626:
606:
574:
49:(SAE) has developed test practices to measure the RRC of tires. These tests (
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1223:
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54:
50:
16:
Tires that improve vehicle fuel efficiency compared with conventional tires
1125:
1341:
1233:
589:
1615:
1421:
1088:
65:
1213:
509:
979:
California Energy Commission, July 2003. Retrieved on 2007-08-11.
1706:
1268:
1167:
1140:
989:
Low Rolling Resistance Tires...Which is Best? - TDIClub Forums
441:
are determined by both the unit system and the values of
1136:
1089:"GAR | Tire Noise, Wet Adhesion, and Rolling Resistance"
655:
0.00825 Continental ContiTouring Contact CH95 P205/55R16
1077:
California has low-resistance tire laws - AutoblogGreen
602:
0.00700 Bridgestone DUELER H/T 113S P265/70R17
977:
California State Fuel-Efficient Tire Report: Volume I
467:
447:
427:
407:
387:
367:
347:
322:
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176:
92:
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is the applied load for the vehicle weight (N / lbs)
1682:
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1596:
1528:
1495:
1382:
1327:
1174:
153:{\displaystyle =P^{\alpha }Z^{\beta }(a+bv+cv^{2})}
622:0.00760 Bridgestone INSIGNIA SE 200 89S P195/65R15
473:
453:
433:
413:
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373:
353:
328:
308:
288:
268:
248:
226:
204:
182:
152:
514:(SAE J1269 and SAE J2452) performed on new tires.
649:0.00810 Bridgestone DUELER H/T 104S P235/70R16
501:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1152:
658:0.00829 Michelin CROSS TERRAIN SUV P255/75R17
8:
1664:European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation
670:0.00855 Michelin ENERGY MXV4 PLUS 235/65R17
80:The basic model equation for SAE J2452 is:
1159:
1145:
1137:
568:United States National Academy of Sciences
190:is the tire inflation pressure (kPa / psi)
1014:. Transport Canada (Government of Canada)
466:
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366:
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321:
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197:
175:
141:
110:
100:
91:
661:0.00833 Michelin PILOT PRIMACY 275/50R19
868:
664:0.00850 Michelin ENERGY LX4 P225/60R16
573:Special Report 286 and the March 2003
481:, so that the equation is consistent.
57:) are usually performed on new tires.
888:
886:
884:
667:0.00854 Michelin PILOT LTX P265/70R17
652:0.00813 Goodyear Invicta GL 235/75R15
37:Measuring rolling resistance in tires
7:
1707:Uniform Tire Quality Grading (UTQG)
639:0.00783 Continental CrossContact LX
612:0.00754 Michelin LTX A/S P255/65R17
783:Comparison with conventional tires
722:All Season Ultra High Performance
14:
712:Continental ContiPremierContact H
381:are dimensionless. The units of
336:are the coefficients of the model
234:is the vehicle speed (km/h / mph)
1730:
1729:
1719:
752:BFGoodrich Radial Long Trail T/A
1563:Tire-pressure monitoring system
728:Continental ContiExtremeContact
47:Society of Automotive Engineers
533:Corporate Average Fuel Economy
147:
116:
1:
1553:Central Tire Inflation System
1131:Rolling Resistance Thresholds
796:Union of Concerned Scientists
646:TPAW TOURING TR/SR P215/70R16
571:Transportation Research Board
86:Rolling Resistance (N / lbs)
923:California Energy Commission
876:Low Rolling Resistance Tires
494:California Energy Commission
20:Low rolling resistance tires
1674:Tire Science and Technology
1194:Low rolling resistance tire
778:Goodyear Assurance Fuel Max
743:Bridgestone Dueler H/T D684
629:RUGGED TRAIL T/A P245/65R17
609:RUGGED TRAIL T/A P285/70R17
1777:
959:Transport Canada LRR Study
858:Blue Angel (certification)
808:
527:Auto manufacturers in the
1715:
1052:"Rolling out the changes"
749:Continental ContiTrac SUV
709:Michelin Energy MXV4 Plus
619:INTEGRITY (OE) P225/60R16
554:tires. For Indian roads,
765:Continental ContiTrac TR
687:Michelin Agility Touring
599:TIGER PAW AWP P225/60R16
1515:Slip (vehicle dynamics)
1472:Lateral Force Variation
1422:Pacejka's Magic Formula
1402:Cold inflation pressure
1126:How tires support a car
706:Performance All Season
636:Ameri-G4S WS P235/75R15
454:{\displaystyle \alpha }
354:{\displaystyle \alpha }
249:{\displaystyle \alpha }
1611:List of tire companies
1482:Traction (engineering)
1477:Radial Force Variation
746:Michelin Cross Terrain
515:
475:
474:{\displaystyle \beta }
455:
435:
415:
395:
375:
374:{\displaystyle \beta }
355:
330:
310:
290:
270:
269:{\displaystyle \beta }
250:
228:
206:
184:
154:
64:In the early 2010s in
1462:Tire load sensitivity
805:Regional requirements
775:Michelin Energy Saver
577:report on the topic.
556:Madras Rubber Factory
513:
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1442:Self aligning torque
771:New models by 2009:
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90:
1756:Energy conservation
1568:Tire-pressure gauge
1204:Michelin PAX System
725:General Exclaim UHP
592:SYMMETRY P225/60R16
1606:Tire manufacturing
1437:Rolling resistance
1093:globalautoregs.com
1038:2008-01-15 at the
964:2011-01-17 at the
946:2010-12-25 at the
928:2012-03-10 at the
848:Rolling resistance
548:Bridgestone Ecopia
535:(CAFE) standards.
519:Standard equipment
516:
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28:rolling resistance
1743:
1742:
1432:Relaxation length
1309:Formula One tyres
1000:Green Seal Report
906:"Al Morrison Crr"
684:Michelin X Radial
552:Goodyear Eagle LS
507:saved annually.
434:{\displaystyle c}
414:{\displaystyle b}
394:{\displaystyle a}
329:{\displaystyle c}
309:{\displaystyle b}
289:{\displaystyle a}
227:{\displaystyle v}
205:{\displaystyle Z}
183:{\displaystyle P}
1768:
1733:
1732:
1725:Outline of tires
1723:
1538:Tire maintenance
1487:Treadwear rating
1397:Circle of forces
1319:Continental tire
1259:Orange oil tires
1249:Mud-terrain tire
1229:All-terrain tire
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908:. Archived from
902:
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690:Michelin Harmony
499:A United States
488:Fuel consumption
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1467:Tire uniformity
1427:Pneumatic trail
1417:Ground pressure
1412:Cornering force
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1352:Siping (rubber)
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1294:Motorcycle tyre
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853:Fuel efficiency
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696:Sumitomo HTR T4
585:B381 P145/80R14
564:
562:Available tires
544:Michelin Energy
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24:fuel efficiency
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1646:Ozone cracking
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1626:Tire recycling
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1120:External links
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912:on 2007-01-29.
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719:Least benefit
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693:Toyo 800 Ultra
691:
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678:Highly rated:
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1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1269:Aircraft tire
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:Run-flat tire
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Tubeless tire
1182:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1105:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1070:
1058:. Dec 2, 2009
1057:
1056:The Economist
1053:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1013:
1007:
1004:
1001:
996:
993:
990:
985:
982:
978:
973:
970:
967:
963:
960:
955:
952:
949:
945:
942:
937:
934:
931:
927:
924:
919:
916:
911:
907:
901:
898:
894:
889:
887:
885:
881:
877:
872:
869:
863:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
841:
839:
838:
835:
827:
825:
823:
819:
817:
812:
804:
802:
799:
797:
792:
788:
782:
777:
774:
773:
772:
764:
763:
761:
760:
759:
758:Followed by:
751:
748:
745:
742:
741:
739:
738:
737:
727:
724:
723:
721:
720:
718:
711:
708:
707:
705:
704:
702:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
682:
680:
679:
677:
676:
675:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
641:
638:
635:
631:
628:
624:
621:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
601:
598:
594:
591:
587:
584:
580:
579:
578:
576:
572:
569:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
540:Conti Contact
536:
534:
530:
529:United States
525:
518:
512:
508:
502:
497:
495:
487:
485:
482:
468:
448:
428:
408:
388:
368:
348:
323:
303:
283:
263:
243:
236:
221:
214:
199:
192:
177:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
111:
107:
101:
97:
93:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
62:
58:
56:
52:
48:
36:
34:
31:
29:
25:
21:
1669:Tire Society
1583:Tire changer
1578:Bead breaker
1548:Bicycle pump
1457:Tire balance
1367:Presta valve
1362:Dunlop valve
1304:Racing slick
1299:Tractor tire
1284:Tubular tire
1279:Bicycle tire
1209:Airless tire
1193:
1107:
1096:. Retrieved
1092:
1083:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1055:
1046:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1006:
995:
984:
972:
954:
941:77 tires RRF
936:
918:
910:the original
900:
871:
831:
820:
814:
800:
793:
789:
786:
770:
762:All-terrain
757:
735:
703:Middle rank
673:
565:
537:
526:
522:
498:
491:
483:
341:
164:
79:
75:
63:
59:
40:
32:
19:
18:
1697:Plus sizing
1621:Waste tires
1573:Direct TPMS
1558:Tire mousse
1530:Maintenance
1505:Aquaplaning
1274:Tundra tire
1254:Paddle tire
1239:Knobby tire
1189:Radial tire
1062:11 December
740:All-season
681:All Season
634:Continental
583:Bridgestone
1750:Categories
1702:Tire label
1598:Life cycle
1520:Tramlining
1447:Slip angle
1384:Attributes
1357:Valve stem
1329:Components
1314:Spare tire
1244:Large tire
1098:2015-11-27
864:References
834:Blue Angel
816:California
811:Tyre label
809:See also:
627:BFGoodrich
607:BFGoodrich
575:Green Seal
1692:Tire code
1641:Flat tire
1631:Tire fire
1588:Tire iron
1497:Behaviors
1289:Lego tire
1224:Snow tire
1219:Rain tyre
837:eco-label
469:β
449:α
369:β
349:α
264:β
244:α
112:β
102:α
55:SAE J2452
51:SAE J1269
1735:Category
1342:Beadlock
1234:Bar grip
1036:Archived
962:Archived
944:Archived
926:Archived
842:See also
644:Uniroyal
642:0.00795
632:0.00780
625:0.00767
617:Goodyear
615:0.00758
605:0.00709
597:Uniroyal
595:0.00683
590:Michelin
588:0.00650
581:0.00615
1636:Blowout
1616:Retread
492:A 2003
165:where:
1018:7 July
550:, and
421:, and
316:, and
66:Canada
1761:Tires
1347:Tread
1214:Tweel
1176:Types
1168:Tires
1337:Bead
1064:2009
1020:2020
461:and
361:and
53:and
1752::
1091:.
1054:.
883:^
794:A
546:,
542:,
401:,
296:,
276:,
256:,
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1160:e
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1101:.
1066:.
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409:b
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222:v
200:Z
178:P
148:)
143:2
139:v
135:c
132:+
129:v
126:b
123:+
120:a
117:(
108:Z
98:P
94:=
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