Other Backward Class - Knowledge (XXG)

1984:: The final report determining quotas for backward classes in urban local body polls is expected to be available by June 2023. The Backward Classes Commission, established on December 28, plans to submit a preliminary report within three months. The commission aims to collect empirical data on backward classes, following Supreme Court and high court guidelines for OBC reservation in civic body elections. The commission's work involves data collection from district officials, studying processes in other states, and addressing objections from political parties. 1143:

Karnataka, Jharkhand, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir region and Haryana, and the union territory of Puducherry. The term of the commission has been extended to 31 May 2019. Its report stated that prime beneficiaries of 97% OBC reservation include Yadav, Kurmi, Jat (Jats of Rajasthan except those of Bharatpur and Dholpur district are in Central OBC list), Saini, Thevar, Ezhava and Vokkaliga castes. After 13 extensions to its tenure, Rohini Commission submitted its report to President

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Notification is open to challenge on the grounds of wrongful exclusion or inclusion. Norms must be fixed keeping in view the peculiar features in different States and Union Territories. There has to be proper identification of Other Backward Classes (OBCs). For identifying backward classes, the Commission set up under the directions of this Court in Indra Sawhney 1 has to work more effectively and not merely decide applications for inclusion or exclusion of castes.

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should be taken by the union or any state to remove such difficulties and as to improve their condition and as to the grants that should be made, and the order appointing such commission shall define the procedure to be followed by the commission. ... A commission so appointed shall investigate the matters referred to them and present to the president a report setting out the facts as found by them and making such recommendation as they think proper.

96:. A separate Ministry of Welfare was established in 1985 (renamed in 1998 the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment) to attend to matters relating to Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and OBCs. The Backward Classes Division of the Ministry looks after the policy, planning, and implementation of programmes relating to social and economic empowerment of OBCs, and matters relating to two institutions set up for the welfare of OBCs, the 221:. Since the Yadavs were associated with cattle herding in contrast to other upper-OBCs, who were owner cultivators, trespassing into field of landlords and regular struggle with the latter was a challenge for their survival. The mobilisation of Other Backward Class for social-economic ascendancy was not observed at the same pace and in the same manner in different north Indian states. In north India, states like 1246: 373:

obliged to recruit personnel on the aforesaid basis. All universities and affiliated colleges should also be covered by the above scheme of reservation. Although education is considered an important factor in bringing a desired social change, "educational reform" was not within the terms of reference of this commission. To promote literacy the following measures were suggested:

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Caste Quota excluding 10% EWS Quota, in government jobs and educational institutions. The new reservation quota percentages include 20% for Scheduled Castes, 2% for Scheduled Tribes, 18% for Backward Classes, 25% for Extremely Backward Classes, and 10% for the economically weaker section among the Upper Castes.

1832:(for example, Ambalavasis and Tamil Brahmins were grouped along with Malayali Brahmins). The survey found that individuals belonging to higher castes possessed more land and had relatively higher per capita income as compared to the general population. The survey found that 33% of the state's population was 1831:

ordered a socio-economic survey of each resident in the state of Kerala, to assess caste inequalities. Until the census of 2011, this survey was the only caste-based count conducted in post-independence India. The survey was not very conclusive, since it merged several unrelated castes into one group

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So far as the determination of backward classes is concerned, a notification should be issued by the Union of India. This can be done only after the exclusion of the creamy layer for which necessary data must be obtained by the Central Government from the State Governments and Union Territories. Such

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The Central Government shall examine the desirability of fixing cut-off marks in respect of the candidates belonging to the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) to balance reservation with other societal interests and to maintain standards of excellence. This would ensure quality and merit would not suffer.

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is yet to be published as of 2023. Initiated by the Karnataka State Commission for Backward Classes, the survey involved 1.6 lakh government employees canvassing around 1.3 crore households, costing the state Rs 169 crore. However, the report remains unpublished despite eight years passing, multiple

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population of around 36.9 million is distributed among various caste groups. Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) represent approximately 18.48% and 11.74% of the population, respectively. Most of the population belongs to Backward Castes (BCs), making up 51% of the population, although

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The National Sample Survey puts the figure at 41%. There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India, with census data compromised by partisan politics. It is generally estimated to be sizable, but higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or and National Sample

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informed that as of January 2016, the percentage of OBCs in central government services is 21.57% and has shown an increasing trend since September 1993. Likewise, in 2015, at educational institutions, funds meant for OBC students under the reservation policy were not used properly or were underused

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Commission for Backward Classes (OSCBC) using both online and offline methods. The survey aims to evaluate social and educational conditions of backwardness, factoring in various indicators such as occupation and educational qualifications. Initially, centers for data submission were established in

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has experienced significant delays and issues with accuracy, leading to intervention by the single-member dedicated commission. Various districts have reported non-compliance with survey guidelines, including instances of reliance on outdated data rather than conducting new door-to-door surveys, as

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If material is shown to the Central Government that the Institution deserves to be included in the Schedule (institutes which are excluded from reservations) of The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 (No. 5 of 2007), the Central Government must take an appropriate

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proposed that a person belonging to OBC with an annual family income of up to Rs 1.5 million should be considered as minimum ceiling for OBC. NCBC also recommended sub-division of OBCs into 'backward', 'more backward' and 'extremely backward' blocs and divide 27% quota amongst them in proportion to

1171:"creamy layer". The creamy layer is only applicable in the case of Other Backward Castes and not applicable on other groups like SC or ST. The creamy layer criteria were introduced at Rs 100,000 in 1993, and revised to Rs 250,000 in 2004, Rs 450,000 in 2008, and Rs 600,000 in 2013. In October 2015, 1170:

judgment laid down the limits of the state's powers: it upheld the ceiling of 50 percent quotas, emphasized the concept of "social backwardness", and prescribed 11 indicators to ascertain backwardness. The nine-judge Bench judgement also established the concept of qualitative exclusion, such as the

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There existed a huge disparity among various castes and communities classified as Other Backward Class, even before the implementation of the reservation policy in government jobs and educational institutions, as per the recommendation of the Mandal Commission report. While a major section of Other

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The president may by order appoint a commission consisting of such persons as he thinks fit to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes (SEBC) within the territory of India and the difficulties under which they labour and to make recommendations as to the steps that

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Therefore, as Witsoe (2013, 41) and Robin (2009, 70) elaborate, after the abolition of the Zamindari system in Bihar, new landlords came from peasant caste backgrounds such as Koeri, Yadav, and Kurmi caste groups. These recently politically ascendant castes could be considered as the new political

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outlets, but later in the special survey drive the door-to-door data collection method was also adopted. The compiled data is expected to be published after five months of survey completion. It's noteworthy that the survey is being conducted under the OSCBC Act, 1993 and the OSCBC (Amendment) Act,

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also have substantial populations of Backward Castes, yet, no movement as seen in states like Bihar took place in these states. Many observers have mentioned that in Bihar, the upper OBCs viz. Koeri, Kurmi, and Yadav's political ascendancy went hand in hand with land reforms and peasant movements,

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was first coined by Justice Krishna Iyer in 1975 in the State of Kerala vs NM Thomas case, wherein he observed that "the danger of 'reservation', it seems to me, is three-fold. Its benefits, by and large, are snatched away by the top creamy layer of the 'backward' caste or class, thus keeping the

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The commission in its final report recommended "caste as the criteria" to determine backwardness. However, the report was not accepted by the government, which feared that the backward classes excluded from the caste and communities selected by the commission might not be considered, and those in

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was established by a presidential order on 29 January 1953 under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar and submitted its report on 30 March 1955. It had prepared a list of 2,399 backward castes or communities for the entire country, of which 837 had been classified as the "most backward". Some of the

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first report was released on 2 October 2023. The report showed that extremely backward classes (EBCs) account for 36.01 percent of the 13.07 crore population of the state. OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of the total population of Bihar. On 9 November 2023, Bihar Assembly Passed Bill For 65%

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communities, as reasons for the report's non-disclosure. In June 2023, Siddaramaiah-led Congress government in Karnataka has decided to accept the 2015 socio-economic caste survey report, potentially stirring controversy as it reveals that the population of Vokkaligas and Lingayats is lower than

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The Parliament should fix a deadline by which time free and compulsory education will have reached every child. This must be done within six months, as the right to free and compulsory education is perhaps the most important of all the fundamental rights (Art.21 A). Without education, it becomes

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Within this section of OBCs called upper-OBC, there also exists disparity in educational attainment and political mobilisation. While the Yadavs were the biggest beneficiary in political achievements, their political progress didn't improve their position in the caste hierarchy and the spread of

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government initiated a comprehensive survey targeting state notified 211 Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC), which is expected to conclude by June 29, 2023. Administered across all 314 blocks and 114 urban local bodies of Odisha, the survey is being conducted by the Odisha State

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The committee will have to deliver the report within 12 weeks of its constitution. The lower OBCs form around 35% of the population in Uttar Pradesh. OBC sub-categorisation has already been implemented at state level by 11 states: West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,

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These recommendations in total apply to all recruitment to public sector undertakings, both under the central and state governments as well as to nationalised banks. All private sector undertakings that have received financial assistance from the government in one form or another should also be

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in the state list of Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, and Chhattisgarh. However only the Jats of Rajasthan – excluding those of Bharatpur district and Dholpur district – are entitled to reservation of central government jobs under the OBC

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Twenty-seven percent of reservations were recommended owing to the legal constraint that the total quantum of reservations should not exceed 50 percent. States that have already introduced reservations for OBC exceeding 27 percent will not be affected by this recommendation. With this general

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subsided in North India, OBC leaders gained political power to outnumber the upper caste legislators in most of the north Indian states. This led to the formation of the OBC-led government in many states of North India. They also ended up claiming the high ritual status, which is defined as

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and the individual states. The central list does not always reflect the state lists, which can differ significantly. A community identified as a nationally recognized OBC in the NCBC central list may be so recognized only in specific states or only in limited areas within specific states.

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The Constitution (Ninety-Third Amendment) Act, 2006 does not violate the "basic structure" of the Constitution so far as it relates to the state-maintained institutions and aided educational institutions. The question of whether the Constitution (Ninety-Third Amendment) Act, 2006 would be

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Children of doctors, engineers, chartered accountants, actors, consultants, media professionals, writers, bureaucrats, defence officers of colonel and equivalent rank or higher, high court and Supreme Court judges, and all central and state government Class A and B officials should be

1364:' (NCBC) opinion. Supreme Court judgement quashed the proposed inclusion of Jats in Central list of OBCs on the basis that Jats are already given OBC status in 9 States. On 21 July 2015, Supreme Court rejected Centre's review plea for its verdict of quashing Jat reservation in OBCs. 380:

Residential schools should be set up in these areas for backward-class students to provide a climate especially conducive to serious studies. All facilities in these schools including board and lodging should be provided free of cost to attract students from poor and backward class

1897:, blaming delays on incomplete tabulation and non-submission by the state BC Commission headed by MP Jayaprakash Hegde. Some sources suggest political pressure and potential upheaval in the state's power dynamics, particularly concerning the traditionally dominant 390:

It was recommended that seats should be reserved for OBC students in all scientific, technical and professional institutions run by the central as well as state governments. The quantum of reservation should be the same as in the government services, i.e. 27

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their population, to ensure that stronger OBCs don't corner the quota benefits. In August 2017, NDA government announced the creamy layer ceiling in the OBC category from getting reservation in jobs, has been raised from Rs 6 lakh a year to Rs 8 lakh.

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under Article 340 of Indian Constitution, to explore the idea of OBC sub-categorisation. The National Commission for Backward Classes had recommended it in 2011 and a standing committee too had repeated this. The committee has a three-point mandate:

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Occasionally, it is not an entire community that is thus classified but rather some parts within it. As of 2023, Maharashtra has the highest number of OBC castes listed under Central List of OBCs, followed by Odisha, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

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took place. There is substantial debate over the exact number of OBCs in India; it is generally estimated to be sizable, but many believe that it is higher than the figures quoted by either the Mandal Commission or the National Sample Survey.

72:, OBCs are described as socially and educationally backward classes (SEBC), and the Government of India is enjoined to ensure their social and educational development — for example, the OBCs are entitled to 27% reservations in 2437: 148:(SC) as agricultural labourers. In the agitation for implementation of the report of Mandal Commission, Scheduled Castes supported the Other Backward Castes, but after the implementation of these recommendations on the direction of 1147:

on 31 July 2023. The report is more than 1,000-pages long and is divided in two parts- the first part deals with how the OBC quota should be allocated; and the second part is an updated list of all 2,633 OBC castes across India.

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On 10 April 2008, the Supreme Court of India upheld the government's initiative of 27% OBC quotas in government-funded institutions. The Court has categorically reiterated its prior stand that those considered part of the

1192:. The Court held that the 1931 census could not be a determinative factor for identifying the OBCs to provide reservation. The court also observed, "Reservation cannot be permanent and appear to perpetuate backwardness". 1188:, as an interim measure, stayed the law providing for 27 percent reservation for Other Backward Classes in educational institutions like IITs and IIMs. This was done in response to a public interest litigation — 5122: 1721:, Giri Brahmin in some states (Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Haryana, Punjab, Bihar central list in notified general categories) Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat in OBC. 5054: 2895: 230:

benefitting these three castes. These movements changed not only their political position but also their socio-economic profile. However, in the case of Madhya Pradesh, the national political parties like

1315:" principle is one of the parameters to identify backward classes. Therefore, principally, the "creamy layer" principle cannot be applied to STs and SCs, as SCs and STs are separate classes by themselves. 5177: 1135:

To work out the mechanism, criteria, and parameters for the actual sub-categorisation. The actual OBC reservation will continue to be 27% and within this, the committee will have to do the re-arranging.

1205:" should be excluded by government-funded institutions and by private institutions from the scope of the reservation policy. The verdict produced mixed reactions from supporting and opposing quarters. 4676: 2185: 5084: 4724: 97: 4746: 316:

The decision to set up a second backward classes commission was made official by the president on 1 January 1979. The commission is popularly known as the Mandal Commission, its chairman being

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decision based on materials placed and on examining the concerned issues as to whether Institution deserves to be included in the Schedule of the said act as provided in Sec 4 of the said act.

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A roster system for each category of posts should be adopted by the concerned authorities in the same manner as presently done in respect to scheduled caste and scheduled tribe candidates.

3158: 4902: 1923:. In response, the commission has cancelled the flawed survey, ordering a redo within 15 days, and transferred the officer in charge. Similar corrective measures have been taken in 4779: 4977: 4591: 5322: 5144: 3405: 2984: 2102: 4957: 3086: 2862: 2927: 5106: 4037: 2629: 1889:

government tenures, and repeated calls for its release from various political leaders. Controversy surrounds the issue with successive social welfare ministers, including

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set up in 1979–80. The number of backward castes in Central list of OBCs has now increased to 5,013 (without the figures for most of the Union Territories) in 2006 as per

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the findings were never made public due to various court cases against it. Other castes comprise 16.03%, while religious minorities account for 10.65% of the population.

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A 1992 decision of the Supreme Court of India resulted in a requirement that 27% of civil service positions be reserved for members of OBCs. In a reply to a question in

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Adjacent is the distribution of population of each religion by caste categories, obtained from merged sample of Schedule 1 and Schedule 10 of available data from the

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Held that the determination of SEBCs is done not solely based on caste and hence, the identification of SEBCs does not violate Article 15(1) of the Constitution.

175:, their landholdings and economic prosperity increased further; they acquired education and became an active participant in government jobs. Further, after the 4660: 2693: 1598:

in states of Assam, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Telangana only and except these states they are notified as

193:, left many other OBC communities away from the development process. The political and economic prosperity was cornered by the dominant Backward Castes like 238:

accommodated the Backward Class in the political structure of the state in a way that socio-political movement of any kind was prevented from taking place.

5317: 5076: 3293: 2438:"BC, DC or EC? What lies ahead of the census - Haphazard lists and multiple definitions could pose hurdles in establishing identity during the caste count" 1167: 312:**NFHS Survey estimated only Hindu OBC population. Total OBC population derived by assuming Muslim ABCation in the same proportion as Hindu OBC population. 4716: 2719: 48:

that are "educationally or socially backward" (i.e., disadvantaged). It is one of several official classifications of the population of India, along with

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To examine the "extent of inequitable distribution of benefits of reservation" among various castes and communities that come under the Central OBC list.

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constitutionally valid or not so far as "private unaided" educational institutions are concerned, is left open to be decided in an appropriate case.

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is dynamic, with castes and communities being added or removed depending on social, educational, and economic factors. In a reply to a question in

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Candidates belonging to OBC recruited based on merit in an open competition should not be adjusted against their reservation quota of 27 percent.

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Relaxation in the upper age limit for direct recruitment should be extended to the candidates of OBC in the same manner as done in the case of

132: 85: 4942: 2563: 5449: 5383: 3955: 2789: 1267: 377:

An intensive time-bound programme for adult education should be launched in selected pockets with a high concentration of the OBC population.

362: 205:; this was witnessed in the formation of political blocs in the state after 1995, in which, either side was dominated by these three castes. 53: 5628: 2045: 1208:

Several criteria to identify the portion of the population comprising the "creamy layer" have been recommended, including the following:

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in cases of upgrading infrastructure as well as in violation of faculty recruitment of OBCs according to the 49% reservation policy.

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Reservation of 70 percent of seats in all technical and professional institutions for qualified students of backward classes.

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Relating the social backwardness of a class to its low position in the traditional caste hierarchy of Indian society;

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in post-independence India raised many of the members of these communities to the status of landlords. Following the

2635:(Report). New Delhi: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. September 2018. Archived from 5388: 1532: 1524: 1332:

If any seats remain vacant after adopting such norms they shall be filled up by candidates from general categories.

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according to the Mandal Commission. The number of backward castes and communities was 3,743 in the initial list of

1275: 1260: 5574: 5408: 2020: 1845: 1682: 1543: 172: 3580: 2745: 167:, which were called "upper-OBC", were well off, due to ownership of a sizeable amount of land. The abolition of 5595: 2030: 235: 5337: 5287: 5240: 3020: 1837: 1841: 1828: 1575: 1489: 1185: 560: 231: 149: 144:

Backward Castes was extremely backward, there existed a section that owned considerable land and employed

3838: 3268:"Why is the media outraging against OBC reservations when it's the higher castes who have cornered jobs?" 5564: 5413: 5332: 5282: 5263: 3218: 2998: 2300:

Governance and Development in India A Comparative Study on Andhra Pradesh and Bihar After Liberalization

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Reserved quota remaining unfilled should be carried forward for three years and de-reserved thereafter.

340:. Mandal Commission developed 11 indicators or criteria to identify OBCs, of which four were economic. 92:

Until 1985, the affairs of the Backward Classes were looked after by the Backward Classes Cell in the

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weakest among the weak always weak and leaving the fortunate layers to consume the whole cake". 1992

4630: 3875: 2463:"OBCs: Who are they?-Reservation policy for OBCs: Who would benefit and what are the costs involved" 209:

education among them also remained less as compared to more educationally advanced communities like

5554: 5502: 3242:"The one paragraph from the Supreme Court's Jat quota judgment that slams competitive backwardness" 1969: 1856:, 1.9% of the Muslims, and 0.1% of the Scheduled Castes who had that much land in their possession. 1547: 269: 252: 112:

Under Article 340 of the Indian Constitution, the government must promote the welfare of the OBCs.

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A graduation (not technical graduation) or professional course deemed to be educationally forward.

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Sivanandan, P (1979). "Caste, Class and Economic Opportunity in Kerala: An Empirical Analysis".

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Preferably there should be a review after ten years to take note of the change of circumstances.

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Reservation of vacancies in all government services and local bodies for other backward classes.

3864: 3481:"List of SCs - STs - OBCs | Kerala Public Service Commission, Government of Kerala, India" 135:

informed that as of January 2016, the percentage of OBCs in central government jobs is 21.57%.

5507: 5185: 5152: 5114: 4985: 4787: 4754: 4668: 4544: 3677: 3294:"The Daily Fix: Supreme Court reminds India that the third word in OBC is 'class' not 'caste'" 2870: 2335: 2304: 2298: 2277: 465: 333: 303: 57: 5178:"Reservation to Backward classes in Municipal Corporation: HBCC submits report to Haryana CM" 4538: 3933:. Department of Backward Classes and Most Backward Classes and Minorities Welfare, Tamil Nadu 3449:"BJP's caste conundrum ahead of 2024: Maratha quota to jati census to OBC sub-categorisation" 2329: 2271: 1931:. Despite these efforts, the commission has yet to receive any completed data, not even from 348:

recommendation, the commission proposed the following overall scheme of reservation for OBC:

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800,000 a year, should be considered creamy layer, and excluded from the reservation quota.

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The above reservation should also be made applicable to the promotion quota at all levels.

182: 2953: 2669:"Justice G. Rohini, chief of OBC sub-categorization panel, is no stranger to quota issue" 3778: 2841:"Jobs, admissions: 97% of Central OBC quota benefits go to just under 25% of its castes" 5476: 5363: 5342: 4613:"Telangana's new Municipal Act: Will BC reservation get diluted in upcoming elections?" 4099: 2015: 1787: 1144: 769: 441: 226: 4864:"Bihar caste survey released: OBCs, EBCs together account for 63% of total population" 4063: 3887: 2588: 308: 56:(SCs and STs). The OBCs were found to comprise 52% of the country's population by the 5648: 5559: 5461: 4717:"Rahul corners BJP over caste census. But where is Cong govt's Karnataka caste data?" 4087: 1833: 1799: 1749: 1631: 1599: 1595: 1571: 1460: 1035: 579: 384:

Separate hostels for OBC students with the above facilities will have to be provided.

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most need would be swamped by the multitudes, thus receiving insufficient attention.

218: 73: 49: 2694:"President Kovind appoints five-member commission to examine OBC sub-categorization" 1968:

2020, allowing family heads or senior individuals to provide family data, including

5471: 2928:"How Rohini panel report on backward classes could shake up Parliament, 2024 polls" 2863:"Justice Rohini panel on OBC sub-categorisation submits report after 14 extensions" 2126: 1881: 1767: 1714: 1641: 1528: 1325: 1312: 1231:

The Court has requested Parliament to exclude the children of MPs and MLAs as well.

1202: 1162: 541: 317: 5227: 3184: 5569: 2910:"40 percent OBCs got no quota benefits in past three-five years, reveals report" 2615: 1915: 1898: 1890: 1803: 1753: 1583: 1559: 1505: 1450: 1400: 1245: 1073: 1054: 788: 750: 4540:

Contested Capital: Rural Middle Classes in India: Rural Middle Classes in India

3803: 3087:"OBC panel backs off, won't make 'creamy layer' reservation criteria stringent" 2236: 1695:

Brahmins in the states of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Delhi

5579: 5368: 4884:"Bihar publishes caste survey report, OBCs, EBCs constitute 63% of population" 1763: 1729: 1622:/Soni/Sunar/Swarankar in Central as well as the State OBC list in Rajasthan. 1501: 1488:

State Government has issued notification granting OBC reservation benefits to

1430: 1357: 997: 522: 329: 321: 5189: 5156: 5118: 4989: 4850:"With Bihar caste survey, how Nitish Kumar hit two targets in one fell swoop" 4791: 4758: 4672: 3681: 2874: 2564:"Redesigning reservations: Why removing caste-based quotas is not the answer" 5047:"After Bihar, now Odisha begins OBC survey; process to continue till May 27" 4962: 4907: 4747:"Karnataka government to accept 2015 'caste survey' report: CM Siddaramaiah" 1960: 1928: 1924: 1902: 1885: 1868: 1783: 1579: 1485: 1420: 1356:

In March 2015, Supreme Court of India scrapped Jat Reservations saying that

1124: 959: 826: 712: 693: 445: 222: 128: 81: 3021:"For an equitable society, reservations must be extended to private sector" 277:

Undertaking caste-wise enumeration of the population in the census of 1961;

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employment and higher education. The list of OBCs maintained by the Indian

17: 5077:"Court Green Signal To Reservation For Backward Classes In UP Civic Polls" 4780:"Uttarakhand: Inadequacies found with OBC survey, commission takes action" 3930: 5486: 3159:"'Creamy layer' income bar for OBCs raised, new panel for sub-categories" 2316:

allies in a power struggle among the upper caste leaders in the Congress.

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However, the OBC consolidation in some of the states of north India like

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Term for socially or educationally disadvantaged group of people in India

5145:"UP: Final report on OBC quota in urban local body polls likely by June" 4943:"Bihar Assembly Passes Bill For 65% Caste Quota, Past Supreme Court Cap" 4699:"Karnataka yet to make 2015 data public as debate on caste census rages" 4064:"List of Socially and Educationally Backward Classes of Rajasthan State" 3796:"CASTE LIST Government Order No.SWD 225 BCA 2000, Dated:30th March 2002" 2211: 5481: 5439: 5347: 4818:"Can't stop Bihar from releasing more caste-census data: Supreme Court" 4577: 2537:"SECC 2011: Why we are headed for Mandal 2 and more quotas before 2019" 2397: 2368: 1973: 1920: 1853: 1775: 1737: 1710: 1609: 1605: 1567: 1513: 1509: 1504:

Christian, Sudri Christian, Scheduled Caste converted to Christianity,

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Bringing order to the Central list of OBCs by removing any repetitions.

1016: 845: 807: 636: 617: 4592:"T'gana led caste census chorus with Samagra Kutumba Survey 9 yrs ago" 3839:

https://sec.rajasthan.gov.in/cm/upload/List%20of%20OBC.pdf%7Ctitle=OBC

2186:"Funds not used fully in educational institutions for OBC reservation" 4836:"Bihar puts number to its castes: EBCs at 36%, push OBC count to 63%" 1955: 1795: 1791: 1745: 1725: 1651: 1647: 1625: 1589: 1520: 1497: 1493: 1410: 1236:

Supreme Court conclusions from Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India

978: 940: 902: 731: 325: 4978:"Odisha cabinet clears ordinance to add 22 communities in SEBC list" 3531:"Koli community leaders meet, seek their due from political parties" 3113:"OBC sub-division, relaxing creamy layer is a must: NCBC tells govt" 2720:"Why OBC Sub-Categorisation Will Be Modi's Ultimate Surgical Strike" 2382:

Verma, A. K. (2005). ""Backward Caste Politics in Uttar Pradesh."".

1906:

commonly believed, with Dalits being the largest demographic group.

1880:: The Social and Educational Survey ordered by then Chief Minister 5444: 5277: 4958:"Bihar Governor approves Bill raising reservation from 50% to 65%" 4038:"Rajasthan was first state to extend OBC benefits to jats in 1999" 2355:

Gupta., Tilak D. (1992). ""Yadav Ascendancy in Bihar Politics."".

1849: 1809: 1771: 1733: 1692: 1669: 1656: 1619: 1615: 1440: 883: 503: 484: 307: 214: 210: 202: 198: 194: 190: 164: 160: 156: 45: 5232: 5219:

Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Government of India

5107:"HC asks UP govt to put up OBC quota report for ULB polls online" 3876:

http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/note17635288548297625558.pdf

2896:"Rohini Commission may recommend key changes to OBC quota policy" 5223: 3334:"Centre moves Supreme Court seeking review of Jat quota verdict" 1852:

owned more than 5 acres of land. This compared with 1.4% of the

1718: 5236: 5218: 4903:"Bihar Assembly passes Bills to increase quota from 50% to 65%" 3931:"List of Backward Classes approved by Government of Tamil Nadu" 3670:"Koli leaders demand inclusionof all sub-groups in list of STs" 1884:

in 2014 to inform Other Backward Classes (OBC) reservations in

2817:"OBC sub-categorisation: An idea that bloomed for BJP in U.P." 1662: 1563: 1239: 598: 273:

most notable recommendations of the Kalelkar Commission were:

60:

report of 1980 and were determined to be 41% in 2006 when the

5016:"Odisha kicks off survey into conditions of backward classes" 3319:"Jats put in OBC as per Constitutional mandate: Centre to SC" 1935:, and the survey's conclusion has been extended to June 2023. 1360:

are not socially and economically backward in reference with

98:

National Backward Classes Finance and Development Corporation

3865:

http://www.ncbc.nic.in/Writereaddata/2635221884005388474.pdf

2172:"Representation of reserved categories in central govt jobs" 1840:. According to the survey, 13% of the Brahmins, 6.8% of the 1352:

Supreme Court scrapped Jat Reservations in Central OBCs list

396:

NSSO estimated state wise Other Backword Classes demography

3035:"Plea to reconsider judgment in Indra Sawhney case of 1992" 320:, submitted a report in December 1980 that stated that the 152:, the tension between a section of OBCs and SCs increased. 3956:"Arasu community included in Backward Classes 2A category" 2331:

Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns

2026:

List of Muslim Other Backward Classes communities in India

1374:

List of Muslim Other Backward Classes communities in India

1340:

extremely difficult to exercise other fundamental rights.

2276:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. pp. 21–23. 1628:

in the National as well as State OBC list of Tamil Nadu.

3703:"Koli community hopeful of getting ST tag in Karnataka" 3406:"West Bengal recommends 87 castes for central OBC list" 2612:"What is India's population of other backward classes?" 1980:

UP Backward Classes Commission OBC quota report for ULB

4100:"'अहीर-यादव' को पिछड़ी श्रेणी में शामिल न करने से रोष" 3379:"OBC status for Jats: SC quashes Centre's review plea" 2151:

What is India's population of other backward classes?

1914:: The ongoing Other Backward Classes (OBC) survey in 1387:

Distribution of state-wise caste in Central OBC list

2977:"Scourge of Reservation: The Invisible Creamy Layer" 2667:

Mittal, Priyanka; Khanna, Pretika (3 October 2017).

5621: 5588: 5547: 5531: 5495: 5432: 5356: 5270: 1988:

Haryana Backward Classes Commission Chairman Report

1685:

in the states of Maharashtra, Kerala and Karnataka.

1592:

in National as well as State OBC list of Karnataka.

328:and non-Hindus, was around 52 percent of the total 4088:https://bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in/obc/faq/uttarpradesh.pdf 4923:"Chirag slams CM for seeking spl category status" 4661:"Karnataka: Key caste census report gathers dust" 3139:"Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel" 3061:"Raise 'creamy layer' to Rs 10.5 lakh: OBC panel" 1554:Politically important social groups listed as OBC 3217:. Calcutta, India. 11 April 2008. Archived from 2975:Gupta, Anish; Giri, Aaleya (12 September 2015). 1157:Creamy layer and Indra Sawhney vs Union of India 2273:Dalits, Subalternity and Social Change in India 1220:450,000 a year as of October 2008 and now 114: 2752:. 25 August 2017 – via www.thehindu.com. 2270:Ajit K. Pandey; Ashok K. Pankaj, eds. (2018). 1812:or Shaiva Brahmin in the state of Maharashtra. 1677:Listed Brahmins and other priestly communities 1523:government grants OBC reservation benefits to 387:Vocational training was considered imperative. 5248: 3463:"Caste Census to Focus on Education, Economy" 2246:. New Delhi. 10 September 1993. pp. ?–52 2231: 2229: 8: 3292:Venkataramakrishnan, Rohan (18 March 2015). 3240:Venkataramakrishnan, Rohan (17 March 2015). 2746:"Caste and class: On OBC sub-categorisation" 2589:"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News" 1168:Indra Sawhney & Others v. Union of India 1119:notified a five-member Commission headed by 283:Treating all women as a class as "backward"; 1612:in only State OBC list in Rajasthan State. 1274:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1212:Children of those with family income above 5255: 5241: 5233: 4543:. Cambridge University Press. p. 57. 4513:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4488:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4463:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4438:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4413:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4385:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4357:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4329:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4301:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4273:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4245:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4217:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4192:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4167:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4139:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4114:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 4013:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 3852:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 3729:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 3645:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 3620:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 3556:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 3424:"National Commission for Backward Classes" 1827:: In 1968, the Communist government under 1385: 394: 78:Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment 3191:. Rediff.com India Limited. 29 March 2007 2790:"Panel to split OBCs into sub-categories" 2700:. Indo-Asian News Service. 2 October 2017 1562:in the National as well as state list of 1378:Lists of OBCs are maintained by both the 1294:Learn how and when to remove this message 5523:National Commission for Scheduled Tribes 5518:National Commission for Scheduled Castes 5513:National Commission for Backward Classes 5224:National Commission for Backward Classes 3978:National Commission for Backward Classes 3910:National Commission for Backward Classes 3758:National Commission for Backward Classes 2511:"The Muslim OBCs And Affirmative Action" 2485:"Time to curb number of backward castes" 2303:. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis. 2127:"OBCs make up 41% of population: Survey" 1380:National Commission for Backward Classes 1362:National Commission for Backward Classes 1173:National Commission for Backward Classes 1115:In October 2017, the President of India 338:National Commission for Backward Classes 102:National Commission for Backward Classes 4161: 4159: 3779:"PDF - National OBC list for Karnataka" 3185:"Supreme Court OBC quota in IITs, IIMs" 2987:from the original on 14 September 2015. 2237:"Ministry of Social Welfare Resolution" 2165: 2163: 2068: 1860:Telangana's Samagra Kutumba Survey 2014 1707:in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. 4407: 4405: 3802:. Karnataka Government. Archived from 3360: 3350: 1190:Ashoka Kumar Thakur vs. Union of India 122:Article 340 of the Indian Constitution 5450:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 4956:Tewary, Amarnath (17 November 2023). 4379: 4377: 4351: 4349: 4323: 4321: 4295: 4293: 4267: 4265: 4239: 4237: 3826:"Lodhis as OBC in 10 states of India" 3332:Correspondent, Legal (2 April 2015). 2630:Handbook on Social Welfare Statistics 2077:"OBCs form 41% of population: Survey" 1395:Number of castes in Central OBC list 363:scheduled castes and scheduled tribes 54:Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 7: 5629:2011 Socio Economic and Caste Census 4901:Tewary, Amarnath (9 November 2023). 2413:"Sachar Committee Report(2004-2005)" 2265: 2263: 2261: 2046:Socio Economic and Caste Census 2011 1825:Socio-Economic Survey of Kerala 1968 1272:adding citations to reliable sources 265:61st Rounds (2004–05) Round Survey. 3404:Sharma, Nidhi (14 September 2023). 1950:Odisha Backward Classes Survey 2023 1819:Caste surveys held in Indian states 1546:grants OBC reservation benefits to 263:National Sample Survey Organisation 259:National Sample Survey Organisation 155:In some states of North India, the 62:National Sample Survey Organisation 40:) is a collective term used by the 5394:2006 Dalit protests in Maharashtra 5374:Mandal Commission protests of 1990 5318:Court Cases related to Reservation 2815:Hebbar, Nistula (23 August 2017). 1672:in many states list except Punjab. 25: 5026:from the original on 11 June 2023 4537:Maryam Aslany (3 December 2020). 2562:Ashraf, Ajaz (5 September 2015). 2036:List of Scheduled Tribes in India 270:First Backward Classes Commission 5328:Reservation policy in Tamil Nadu 5196:from the original on 11 May 2023 5125:from the original on 11 May 2023 5087:from the original on 11 May 2023 5057:from the original on 11 May 2023 4996:from the original on 11 May 2023 4798:from the original on 11 May 2023 4727:from the original on 11 May 2023 4679:from the original on 11 May 2023 4641:from the original on 11 May 2023 2950:The Judgement Information System 2764:"OBC list to be sub-categorised" 1976:card, or voter identity details. 1244: 5293:Caste-related violence in India 2297:Seyed Hossein, Zarhani (2018). 2170:Baral, Maitree (17 July 2019). 1644:in the central list of Gujarat. 5670:Political terminology in India 5384:2006 anti-reservation protests 3906:"Central OBC list, Tamil Nadu" 3602:"List of Other Backward Class" 2946:"Supreme Court of India Order" 413:No of Central OBC Communities 1: 5634:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 5303:Vandalism of Ambedkar statues 5045:Mitra, Hritika (1 May 2023). 4611:Teja, Charan (21 July 2019). 4566:Economic and Political Weekly 3754:"Central OBC list, Karnataka" 3347:– via www.thehindu.com. 3266:Roy, Indrajit (14 May 2015). 3049:– via www.thehindu.com. 2829:– via www.thehindu.com. 2778:– via www.thehindu.com. 2499:– via www.thehindu.com. 2385:Economic and Political Weekly 2357:Economic and Political Weekly 2041:Patidar reservation agitation 2011:Bihar caste-based survey 2023 1943:2022 Bihar caste-based survey 1939:Bihar caste-based survey 2022 1508:Christian, Nekara Christian, 324:of OBCs, which includes both 4631:"Telangana Open Data Portal" 2334:. India: SAGE Publications. 5298:Economically Weaker Section 3974:"Central OBC list, Gujarat" 3511:. Government of Maharashtra 3506:"शासन निर्णय (Official GR)" 2999:"Explained: Order reserved" 2610:Anand, Arun (24 May 2006). 2006:Economically Weaker Section 1876:Karnataka Caste Census 2015 1836:, almost half of whom were 423:Andaman and Nicobar Islands 401:State and Union Territories 5686: 5389:1996 Bathani Tola Massacre 2212:"About Us - Brief History" 1728:Brahmins in the states of 1701:in the state of Rajasthan. 1371: 1324:Principle of exclusion of 1180:Supreme Court interim stay 301: 250: 5575:Republican Party of India 3999:"List of OBC communities" 3581:"Goa OBC caste list 2022" 2411:Sachar, Rajindar (2006). 2021:Jat reservation agitation 1683:Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins 1544:Government of Maharashtra 1537:South India United Church 1525:Latin Catholics of Kerala 1216:250,000 a year, and then 407:Aproximate OBC population 173:Green Revolution in India 5622:Caste Census and Surveys 2031:List of Scheduled Castes 1867:The report reveals that 1123:'s former Chief Justice 236:Indian National Congress 94:Ministry of Home Affairs 5419:Bhima Koregaon protests 5338:Dalit Buddhist movement 5288:Caste politics in India 2103:"OBc count: 52 or 41%?" 5655:Other Backward Classes 5606:Other Backward Classes 5456:Other Backward Classes 5323:IIT reservation policy 3467:The New Indian Express 2442:www.telegraphindia.com 2214:. Socialjustice.nic.in 1954:: On May 1, 2023, the 1910:Uttarakhand OBC Survey 1895:Kota Shrinivas Poojary 1842:Syro-Malabar Catholics 1829:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1576:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 1186:Supreme Court of India 1184:On 29 March 2007, the 561:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 404:2011 Census population 313: 232:Bharatiya Janata Party 150:Supreme Court of India 125: 5665:Caste system in India 5414:Maratha Kranti Morcha 5399:2008 Gurjar agitation 5333:Self-Respect Movement 5283:Caste system in India 5271:Caste and reservation 5228:central list by state 4635:data.telangana.gov.in 3211:"New Cutoff for OBCs" 2418:. Government of India 2051:Upper Backward Castes 2001:Caste system in India 1650:in the state list of 1548:East Indian Catholics 1196:Supreme Court verdict 311: 261:55th (1999–2000) and 139:Socio-economic status 108:Government obligation 5660:Reservation in India 5611:Including Muslim OBC 5313:Reservation in India 4705:. 26 September 2023. 4068:sje.rajasthan.gov.in 3892:sje.rajasthan.gov.in 3841:list of Rajathan-PDF 3806:on 20 September 2014 3485:www.keralapsc.gov.in 3451:. 13 September 2023. 2654:"seats of sc st obc" 1659:in the central list. 1368:Central List of OBCs 1328:applicable to OBC's. 1268:improve this section 34:Other Backward Class 5555:Bahujan Samaj Party 5503:Kalelkar Commission 5424:April 2018 protests 5051:www.indiatvnews.com 4931:. 18 November 2023. 3888:"List of Caste OBC" 2934:. 2 September 2023. 2898:. 2 September 2023. 2491:. 13 September 2007 2115:on 3 December 2013. 1705:Saurashtra Brahmins 1388: 416:(as of Agaust 2018) 397: 253:Kalelkar Commission 247:Kalelkar Commission 70:Indian Constitution 42:Government of India 5467:Affirmative action 5182:The Times of India 5151:. 1 January 2023. 5149:The Times of India 5111:The Times of India 5020:The Indian Express 4982:The Times of India 4928:The Times of India 4869:The Times of India 4784:The Times of India 4751:The Times of India 4667:. 21 August 2021. 4665:The Times of India 4600:. 11 October 2023. 4597:The Times of India 4044:. 23 February 2016 3962:. 13 January 2012. 3707:The Times of India 3676:. 6 January 2019. 3410:The Economic Times 3383:The Times of India 3363:has generic name ( 3144:The Times of India 3117:The Times of India 3091:The Times of India 3065:The Times of India 3023:. 23 October 2015. 2916:. 11 January 2019. 2914:The Times of India 2794:The Times of India 2591:. Tribuneindia.com 2517:. 30 November 2006 2328:Kumar, S. (2018). 2192:. 23 December 2015 2190:The Economic Times 2108:The Times of India 2081:The Times of India 1386: 1111:Sub-categorisation 395: 314: 5642: 5641: 5508:Mandal Commission 5404:Patidar agitation 4984:. 25 April 2023. 4890:. 2 October 2023. 4872:. 3 October 2023. 4852:. 2 October 2023. 4838:. 2 October 2023. 4824:. 6 October 2023. 4786:. 28 April 2023. 4723:. 21 April 2023. 3469:. 6 January 2015. 3119:. 26 October 2015 3093:. 27 October 2015 2869:. 1 August 2023. 2843:. 7 December 2018 1983: 1961:Anganwadi Kendras 1953: 1913: 1879: 1863: 1838:Syrian Christians 1762:in the states of 1634:community of the 1490:Brahmin Christian 1477: 1476: 1304: 1303: 1296: 1108: 1107: 675:Jammu and Kashmir 466:Arunachal Pradesh 334:Mandal Commission 304:Mandal Commission 298:Mandal Commission 131:, Union Minister 84:, Union Minister 58:Mandal Commission 16:(Redirected from 5677: 5601:Scheduled Tribes 5596:Scheduled Castes 5379:Namantar Andolan 5257: 5250: 5243: 5234: 5206: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5141: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5113:. 6 April 2023. 5103: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5012: 5006: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4974: 4968: 4967: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4939: 4933: 4932: 4919: 4913: 4912: 4898: 4892: 4891: 4880: 4874: 4873: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4846: 4840: 4839: 4832: 4826: 4825: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4776: 4770: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4695: 4689: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4627: 4621: 4620: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4588: 4582: 4581: 4572:(7/8): 475–480. 4561: 4555: 4554: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4409: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4325: 4316: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4297: 4288: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4269: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4241: 4232: 4231: 4229: 4227: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4177: 4163: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4096: 4090: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4060: 4054: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4042:Timesofindia.com 4034: 4028: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3970: 3964: 3963: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3902: 3896: 3895: 3884: 3878: 3873: 3867: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3792: 3786: 3785: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3750: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3739: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3666: 3660: 3659: 3657: 3655: 3641: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3616: 3610: 3609: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3585: 3577: 3571: 3570: 3568: 3566: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3510: 3502: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3459: 3453: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3436: 3434: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3401: 3395: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3362: 3358: 3356: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3329: 3323: 3322: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3254: 3252: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3221:on 12 April 2008 3207: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3196: 3181: 3175: 3174: 3172: 3170: 3165:. 23 August 2017 3155: 3149: 3148: 3135: 3129: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3041:. 23 August 2007 3031: 3025: 3024: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2952:. Archived from 2942: 2936: 2935: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2906: 2900: 2899: 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2859: 2853: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2837: 2831: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2801: 2796:. 24 August 2017 2786: 2780: 2779: 2777: 2775: 2770:. 23 August 2017 2760: 2754: 2753: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2726:. 3 October 2017 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2664: 2658: 2657: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2642:on 30 June 2020. 2641: 2634: 2626: 2620: 2619: 2614:. Archived from 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2585: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2559: 2553: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2524: 2522: 2507: 2501: 2500: 2498: 2496: 2481: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2459: 2453: 2452: 2450: 2448: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2423: 2417: 2408: 2402: 2401: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2267: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2244:Gazette of India 2241: 2233: 2224: 2223: 2221: 2219: 2208: 2202: 2201: 2199: 2197: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2167: 2158: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2111:. Archived from 2099: 2093: 2092: 2090: 2088: 2083:. September 2007 2073: 2056:Varna (Hinduism) 1982: 1952: 1912: 1878: 1862: 1848:and 4.7% of the 1780:Himachal Pradesh 1742:Himachal Pradesh 1533:Nadar Christians 1389: 1299: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1279: 1248: 1240: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1121:Delhi High Court 656:Himachal Pradesh 417: 398: 177:Mandal agitation 169:Zamindari system 146:Scheduled Castes 123: 21: 5685: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5674: 5645: 5644: 5643: 5638: 5617: 5584: 5543: 5527: 5491: 5462:Forward classes 5428: 5352: 5308:Anti-Brahminism 5266: 5261: 5215: 5210: 5209: 5199: 5197: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5075: 5074: 5070: 5060: 5058: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5014: 5013: 5009: 4999: 4997: 4976: 4975: 4971: 4955: 4954: 4950: 4941: 4940: 4936: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4900: 4899: 4895: 4888:The News Minute 4882: 4881: 4877: 4862: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4834: 4833: 4829: 4822:Hindustan Times 4816: 4815: 4811: 4801: 4799: 4778: 4777: 4773: 4763: 4761: 4753:. 8 June 2023. 4745: 4744: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4721:The News Minute 4715: 4714: 4710: 4703:Hindustan Times 4697: 4696: 4692: 4682: 4680: 4659: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4629: 4628: 4624: 4617:The News Minute 4610: 4609: 4605: 4590: 4589: 4585: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4551: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4517:www.ncbc.nic.in 4511: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4492:www.ncbc.nic.in 4486: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4467:www.ncbc.nic.in 4461: 4460: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4442:www.ncbc.nic.in 4436: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4417:www.ncbc.nic.in 4411: 4410: 4403: 4393: 4391: 4389:www.ncbc.nic.in 4383: 4382: 4375: 4365: 4363: 4361:www.ncbc.nic.in 4355: 4354: 4347: 4337: 4335: 4333:www.ncbc.nic.in 4327: 4326: 4319: 4309: 4307: 4305:www.ncbc.nic.in 4299: 4298: 4291: 4281: 4279: 4277:www.ncbc.nic.in 4271: 4270: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4249:www.ncbc.nic.in 4243: 4242: 4235: 4225: 4223: 4221:www.ncbc.nic.in 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4196:www.ncbc.nic.in 4190: 4189: 4185: 4175: 4173: 4171:www.ncbc.nic.in 4165: 4164: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4143:www.ncbc.nic.in 4137: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4118:www.ncbc.nic.in 4112: 4111: 4107: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4082: 4072: 4070: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4047: 4045: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4021: 4019: 4017:www.ncbc.nic.in 4011: 4010: 4006: 3997: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3980: 3972: 3971: 3967: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3870: 3863: 3859: 3850: 3849: 3845: 3837: 3833: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3809: 3807: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3781: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3762: 3760: 3752: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3733:www.ncbc.nic.in 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3653: 3651: 3649:www.ncbc.nic.in 3643: 3642: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3624:www.ncbc.nic.in 3618: 3617: 3613: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3574: 3564: 3562: 3560:www.ncbc.nic.in 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3479: 3478: 3474: 3461: 3460: 3456: 3447: 3446: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3422: 3421: 3417: 3403: 3402: 3398: 3388: 3386: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3359: 3349: 3342: 3340: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3321:. 5 April 2015. 3317: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3250: 3248: 3239: 3238: 3234: 3224: 3222: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3194: 3192: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3168: 3166: 3163:Hindustan Times 3157: 3156: 3152: 3137: 3136: 3132: 3122: 3120: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3094: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3070: 3068: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3004: 3002: 3001:. 23 March 2015 2997: 2996: 2992: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2956:on 4 March 2016 2944: 2943: 2939: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2834: 2824: 2822: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2788: 2787: 2783: 2773: 2771: 2762: 2761: 2757: 2744: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2692: 2691: 2687: 2677: 2675: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2652: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2632: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2618:on 26 May 2007. 2609: 2608: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2561: 2560: 2556: 2546: 2544: 2535: 2534: 2530: 2520: 2518: 2515:Outlook (India) 2509: 2508: 2504: 2494: 2492: 2483: 2482: 2478: 2468: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2446: 2444: 2436: 2435: 2431: 2421: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2392:(36): 3889–92. 2381: 2380: 2376: 2363:(26): 1304–06. 2354: 2353: 2349: 2342: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2311: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2284: 2269: 2268: 2259: 2249: 2247: 2239: 2235: 2234: 2227: 2217: 2215: 2210: 2209: 2205: 2195: 2193: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2169: 2168: 2161: 2149: 2145: 2135: 2133: 2125: 2124: 2120: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2086: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2070: 2065: 2060: 1996: 1821: 1699:Kattaha Brahmin 1689:Bhargava Dakaut 1679: 1636:Mysore Wodeyars 1556: 1482: 1376: 1370: 1354: 1300: 1289: 1283: 1280: 1265: 1249: 1238: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1198: 1182: 1159: 1154: 1117:Ram Nath Kovind 1113: 415: 414: 306: 300: 255: 249: 244: 183:Sanskritisation 141: 124: 121: 110: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5683: 5681: 5673: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5647: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5615: 5614: 5613: 5603: 5598: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5585: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5544: 5542: 5541: 5539:Atrocities Act 5535: 5533: 5529: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5477:Untouchability 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5442: 5436: 5434: 5430: 5429: 5427: 5426: 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5364:Communal Award 5360: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5350: 5345: 5343:B. R. Ambedkar 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5274: 5272: 5268: 5267: 5264:Caste in India 5262: 5260: 5259: 5252: 5245: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5221: 5214: 5213:External links 5211: 5208: 5207: 5184:. 6 May 2023. 5169: 5136: 5098: 5068: 5037: 5022:. 1 May 2023. 5007: 4969: 4948: 4934: 4914: 4893: 4875: 4855: 4841: 4827: 4809: 4771: 4738: 4708: 4690: 4652: 4622: 4603: 4583: 4556: 4549: 4529: 4504: 4479: 4454: 4429: 4401: 4373: 4345: 4317: 4289: 4261: 4233: 4208: 4183: 4155: 4130: 4105: 4091: 4080: 4055: 4029: 4004: 3990: 3965: 3947: 3922: 3897: 3879: 3868: 3857: 3843: 3831: 3817: 3787: 3770: 3745: 3720: 3709:. 25 June 2017 3694: 3661: 3636: 3611: 3606:Gujarat.Gov.In 3593: 3572: 3547: 3522: 3497: 3472: 3454: 3440: 3415: 3396: 3385:. 21 July 2015 3370: 3324: 3310: 3284: 3258: 3232: 3202: 3176: 3150: 3130: 3104: 3078: 3052: 3026: 3012: 2990: 2967: 2937: 2919: 2901: 2887: 2854: 2832: 2807: 2781: 2755: 2737: 2724:HuffPost India 2711: 2685: 2659: 2645: 2621: 2602: 2580: 2554: 2543:. 17 July 2015 2528: 2502: 2476: 2465:. 17 July 2006 2454: 2429: 2403: 2374: 2347: 2340: 2320: 2309: 2289: 2282: 2257: 2225: 2203: 2177: 2159: 2143: 2131:www.rediff.com 2118: 2094: 2067: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2016:Forward Castes 2013: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1990: 1985: 1977: 1947: 1936: 1907: 1873: 1857: 1844:, 5.4% of the 1820: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1813: 1807: 1788:Madhya Pradesh 1757: 1722: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1686: 1678: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1667: 1660: 1654: 1645: 1639: 1629: 1623: 1613: 1603: 1593: 1587: 1555: 1552: 1512:Christian and 1481: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1446: 1443: 1437: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1407: 1406: 1403: 1397: 1396: 1393: 1369: 1366: 1353: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1322: 1319: 1316: 1309: 1302: 1301: 1252: 1250: 1243: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1229: 1225: 1197: 1194: 1181: 1178: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1152:Legal disputes 1150: 1145:Droupadi Murmu 1140: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1070: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 1000: 994: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 975: 974: 971: 968: 965: 962: 956: 955: 952: 949: 946: 943: 937: 936: 933: 930: 927: 924: 918: 917: 914: 911: 908: 905: 899: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 880: 879: 876: 873: 870: 867: 861: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 842: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 823: 822: 819: 816: 813: 810: 804: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 785: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 770:Madhya Pradesh 766: 765: 762: 759: 756: 753: 747: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 728: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 709: 708: 705: 702: 699: 696: 690: 689: 686: 683: 680: 677: 671: 670: 667: 664: 661: 658: 652: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 633: 632: 629: 626: 623: 620: 614: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 595: 594: 591: 588: 585: 582: 576: 575: 572: 569: 566: 563: 557: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 538: 537: 534: 531: 528: 525: 519: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 500: 499: 496: 493: 490: 487: 481: 480: 477: 474: 471: 468: 462: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 442:Andhra Pradesh 438: 437: 434: 431: 428: 425: 419: 418: 411: 408: 405: 402: 393: 392: 388: 385: 382: 378: 370: 369: 366: 359: 356: 353: 302:Main article: 299: 296: 291: 290: 287: 284: 281: 278: 251:Main article: 248: 245: 243: 240: 227:Madhya Pradesh 140: 137: 133:Jitendra Singh 119: 109: 106: 86:Jitendra Singh 50:general castes 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5682: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5650: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5620: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5565:Justice Party 5563: 5561: 5560:Dalit Panther 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548:Organisations 5546: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5494: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5409:Jat agitation 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5359: 5355: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5275: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5253: 5251: 5246: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5235: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5195: 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5170: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5099: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5072: 5069: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5041: 5038: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5008: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4973: 4970: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4952: 4949: 4944: 4938: 4935: 4930: 4929: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4897: 4894: 4889: 4885: 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3994: 3991: 3979: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3944: 3932: 3926: 3923: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3872: 3869: 3866: 3861: 3858: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3832: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3746: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3708: 3704: 3698: 3695: 3683: 3679: 3675: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3650: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3625: 3621: 3615: 3612: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3589: 3582: 3576: 3573: 3561: 3557: 3551: 3548: 3536: 3532: 3526: 3523: 3507: 3501: 3498: 3486: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3400: 3397: 3384: 3380: 3374: 3371: 3366: 3354: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3325: 3320: 3314: 3311: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3285: 3273: 3269: 3262: 3259: 3247: 3243: 3236: 3233: 3220: 3216: 3215:The Telegraph 3212: 3206: 3203: 3190: 3186: 3180: 3177: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3151: 3147:. 5 May 2015. 3146: 3145: 3140: 3134: 3131: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3079: 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2178: 2173: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2144: 2132: 2128: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2082: 2078: 2072: 2069: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1951: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1834:forward caste 1830: 1826: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1800:Uttar Pradesh 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750:Uttar Pradesh 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1671: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1638:in Karnataka. 1637: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1611: 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