47:
552:
300:
resident population of 2,664 persons. About 23 percent identified as being solely of Native
American heritage. Like many other elements of American society, the tribe has a long history of intermarriage with other ethnic groups, but children of the tribe identify as Lower Skagit. Today, Lower Skagit
196:, as well as nets dragged between two canoes, and hunting duck, seals and deer. This diet was supplemented by gathering of a wide variety of nuts and fruits, as well as cultivation of
188:, who tried to occupy their lands. Like other Coast Salish tribes, the Lower Skagit were semi-sedentary. Their lives revolved around the food they could harvest from the sea, such as
849:
140:
476:
245:, by which the United States established reservations for numerous coastal tribes. The estimated 300 tribal members were put under jurisdiction of the
854:
157:
124:
598:
231:
746:
427:
469:
284:
74,856.50 to be paid to the Lower Skagit to cover the amount of land that they had lost as a result of the Point
Elliott Treaty.
802:
250:
741:
859:
227:
224:
462:
736:
576:
297:
136:
771:
731:
266:
566:
277:
640:
761:
242:
213:
132:
57:
165:
807:
797:
258:
160:
times, the tribe occupied approximately 56,300 acres (228 km) of land, including land on central
781:
645:
537:
281:
121:
100:
276:
against the federal government because of receiving inadequate settlement. On
October 13, 1971, the
518:
491:
322:
701:
671:
454:
423:
254:
828:
706:
686:
676:
666:
650:
635:
625:
238:
made contact in 1841 with the people. He found the Lower Skagit building a
Catholic church.
70:
776:
756:
696:
681:
823:
751:
615:
262:
235:
217:
164:
from Dugula Bay south to Holmes Harbor (including sites at Maylor Point, Penn Cove and
161:
843:
52:
220:
193:
173:
169:
86:
766:
571:
501:
485:
310:
185:
74:
551:
301:
members who live on the reservation are primarily commercial fishers by trade.
711:
273:
128:
435:
Native
Peoples of the Northwest: A Traveler's Guide to Land, Art, and Culture
691:
209:
422:, The Civilization of the American Indian. University of Oklahoma Press.
197:
630:
246:
181:
586:
230:
were trying to convert the Lower Skagit to their beliefs. During the
189:
177:
117:
458:
241:
In
January 1855, a Lower Skagit chief named Goliah signed the
212:
era, the Lower Skagit were active in trading at posts of the
168:), as well as sites on the mainland around the mouth of the
200:, nettles, bracken, and after European contact, potatoes.
296:
has a land area of 31.381 km² (12.116 sq mi) and a
449:
Occasional Papers of the Idaho State
University Museum
420:
A Guide to the Indian Tribes of the
Pacific Northwest
442:
The
Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax
413:
Effects of White
Contact on the Lower Skagit Indians
816:
790:
724:
659:
608:
597:
559:
527:
511:
500:
415:, Seattle: Washington Archaeological Society, 1972.
176:from the north, who would raid their camps to take
93:
80:
64:
37:
27:
349:
347:
309:The Lower Skagit language is a subdialect of the
272:In the twentieth century, the tribe pursued a
141:Swinomish Indians of the Swinomish Reservation
470:
8:
850:Native American tribes in Washington (state)
22:
253:moved the tribe, along with members of the
605:
550:
508:
477:
463:
455:
21:
418:Ruby, Robert H.; John A. Brown (1986).
334:
172:. The Lower Skagit had conflicts with
7:
437:, Sasquatch Books, 1996, p. 74.
371:Idaho State University Museum, 1958.
38:Regions with significant populations
232:United States Exploring Expedition
14:
747:Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
135:. Today they are enrolled in the
45:
803:Port Madison Indian Reservation
447:Idaho State University Museum.
742:Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians
249:Agency. In September 1873, an
1:
855:History of Washington (state)
798:Swinomish Indian Reservation
752:Tulalip Tribes of Washington
294:Swinomish Indian Reservation
725:Federally recognized tribes
184:from the other side of the
876:
737:Sauk-Suiattle Indian Tribe
444:, UBC Press, 1985, p.xxiv.
433:Jan Halliday;Gail Chehak.
137:federally recognized tribe
772:Puyallup Tribe of Indians
732:Upper Skagit Indian Tribe
548:
267:Skagit County, Washington
257:and other tribes, to the
98:
85:
69:
42:
32:
767:Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
567:Salishan oral narratives
278:Indian Claims Commission
762:Snoqualmie Indian Tribe
389:Halliday; Chehak. p.74.
243:Treaty of Point Elliott
777:Nisqually Indian Tribe
114:Whidbey Island Skagits
817:Non-recognized groups
808:Nisqually Reservation
490:-speaking peoples of
288:Swinomish Reservation
259:Swinomish Reservation
127:people living in the
94:Related ethnic groups
16:Native American tribe
860:Lushootseed language
782:Squaxin Island Tribe
503:Lushootseed language
311:Northern Lushootseed
228:Jean-Baptiste Bolduc
214:Hudson's Bay Company
101:Coast Salish peoples
577:Transformer/Changer
519:Lushootseed grammar
24:
411:Bennett, Lee Ann.
323:Upper Skagit tribe
112:(sometimes called
837:
836:
720:
719:
546:
545:
398:Van Eijk, p.xxiv.
225:François Blanchet
192:, through use of
106:
105:
867:
829:Steilacoom Tribe
660:Southern peoples
609:Northern peoples
606:
601:
554:
509:
504:
494:
488:
479:
472:
465:
456:
430:. pages 107-109.
399:
396:
390:
387:
381:
378:
372:
369:
363:
360:
354:
353:Ruby;Brown, 1986
351:
342:
339:
216:. By the 1840s,
55:
51:
49:
48:
28:Total population
25:
875:
874:
870:
869:
868:
866:
865:
864:
840:
839:
838:
833:
812:
786:
757:Suquamish Tribe
716:
655:
599:
593:
555:
542:
523:
502:
496:
492:
486:
483:
440:Van Eijk, Jan.
408:
403:
402:
397:
393:
388:
384:
379:
375:
370:
366:
361:
357:
352:
345:
340:
336:
331:
319:
307:
290:
251:executive order
234:, the explorer
206:
154:
149:
125:Native American
46:
44:
43:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
873:
871:
863:
862:
857:
852:
842:
841:
835:
834:
832:
831:
826:
824:Duwamish Tribe
820:
818:
814:
813:
811:
810:
805:
800:
794:
792:
788:
787:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
728:
726:
722:
721:
718:
717:
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714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
663:
661:
657:
656:
654:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
616:Skagit peoples
612:
610:
603:
595:
594:
592:
591:
590:
589:
583:Spirit Powers
581:
580:
579:
569:
563:
561:
557:
556:
549:
547:
544:
543:
541:
540:
535:
531:
529:
525:
524:
522:
521:
515:
513:
506:
498:
497:
484:
482:
481:
474:
467:
459:
453:
452:
445:
438:
431:
416:
407:
404:
401:
400:
391:
382:
373:
364:
355:
343:
333:
332:
330:
327:
326:
325:
318:
315:
306:
303:
289:
286:
263:Fidalgo Island
236:Charles Wilkes
218:Roman Catholic
205:
202:
162:Whidbey Island
153:
150:
148:
145:
104:
103:
96:
95:
91:
90:
83:
82:
78:
77:
67:
66:
62:
61:
40:
39:
35:
34:
30:
29:
18:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
872:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
845:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
815:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
793:
789:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
727:
723:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
662:
658:
652:
649:
647:
646:Stillaguamish
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
611:
607:
604:
602:
596:
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489:
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428:0-8061-2479-2
425:
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417:
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410:
409:
405:
395:
392:
386:
383:
380:Bennett, p.12
377:
374:
368:
365:
359:
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328:
324:
321:
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237:
233:
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
203:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
180:, as well as
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
151:
146:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
102:
97:
92:
88:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
53:United States
41:
36:
31:
26:
791:Reservations
620:
448:
441:
434:
419:
412:
394:
385:
376:
367:
362:Bennett, p.4
358:
341:Bennett, p.3
337:
308:
293:
291:
271:
240:
221:missionaries
207:
204:Post-contact
170:Skagit River
155:
113:
110:Lower Skagit
109:
107:
89:, Indigenous
87:Christianity
23:Lower Skagit
19:Ethnic group
493:Puget Sound
487:Lushootseed
298:2000 census
210:fur trading
208:During the
198:camas roots
186:Puget Sound
152:Pre-contact
122:Lushootseed
75:Lushootseed
844:Categories
712:Sahewamish
702:Steilacoom
672:Snoqualmie
329:References
274:land claim
194:fish weirs
166:Coupeville
133:Washington
129:U.S. state
58:Washington
33:300 (1855)
707:Nisqually
692:Suquamish
687:Sammamish
677:Shilshole
667:Skykomish
651:Snohomish
636:Kikiallus
626:Swinomish
313:dialect.
255:Swinomish
65:Languages
697:Puyallup
682:Duwamish
572:dukʷibəɬ
538:Southern
534:Northern
528:Dialects
317:See also
305:Language
280:ordered
116:) are a
81:Religion
631:Nuwhaha
600:Peoples
560:Culture
512:Grammar
451:, 1958.
406:Sources
247:Tulalip
182:Klallam
158:Contact
156:In pre-
147:History
120:of the
71:English
621:Skagit
587:Ayahos
426:
190:salmon
178:slaves
139:, the
99:other
50:
223:like
174:Haida
118:tribe
641:Sauk
424:ISBN
292:The
282:US$
108:The
265:in
261:on
131:of
846::
346:^
269:.
143:.
73:,
478:e
471:t
464:v
60:)
56:(
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