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Moon was impatient with the usual restraints, and deliberately moved her China mission out of reach of male authority. Furthermore, she went so far as to persuade
Southern Baptist women to form their own missionary organizations. However, Moon's feminist leadership was not followed by women back home. The Women's Missionary Union made her appear a martyr to the Christian cause rather than a feminist voice within the Baptist Church. Sullivan emphasizes Moon was a pioneer for gender equality; as she wrote from China in 1893, "What women have a right to demand is perfect equality."
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the mission board was heavily in debt and could send nothing. Mission salaries were voluntarily cut. Unknown to her fellow missionaries, Moon shared her personal finances and food with anyone in need around her, severely affecting both her physical and mental health. In 1912, she only weighed 50 pounds. Alarmed, fellow missionaries arranged for her to be sent back home to the United States with a missionary companion. However, Moon died en route at the age of 72, on
December 24, 1912, in the harbor of
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pleaded the "desperate need" for more missionaries, which the poorly funded board could not provide. She encouraged
Southern Baptist women to organize mission societies in the local churches to help support additional missionary candidates, and to consider coming themselves. Many of her letters appeared as articles in denominational publications. Then, in 1887, Moon wrote to the
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237:) and began her ministry by teaching in a boys school. (Edmonia had to return home a short time later for health reasons.) While accompanying some of the seasoned missionary wives on "country visits" to outlying villages, Lottie discovered her passion: direct evangelism. Most mission work at that time was done by married men, but the wives of China missionaries
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and Toy's criticism of some
Baptists' Christological Old Testament interpretations, Toy submitted his resignation from Southern in 1879. Moon's 1881 correspondence with FMB secretary H. A. Tupper, mentions her plans for a spring wedding with Toy, who was by then teaching Old Testament and religion at
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in 1911) all profoundly affected mission work. Famine and disease took their toll, as well. When Moon returned from her second furlough in 1904, she was deeply struck by the suffering of the people who were literally starving to death all around her. She pleaded for more money and more resources, but
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to "go out among the millions" as an evangelist, only to find herself relegated to teaching a school of forty "unstudious" children. She felt chained down, and came to view herself as part of an oppressed class - single women missionaries. Her writings were an appeal on behalf of all those who were
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Lottie Moon has come to personify the missionary spirit for
Southern Baptists and many other Christians as well. The annual Lottie Moon Christmas Offering for International Missions has raised a total of $ 1.5 billion for missions since 1888, and finances half the international missions budget
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In terms of feminist historiography, Regina
Sullivan argues that the decision of the Southern Baptists to allow women to engage in foreign mission work fit in well with the Protestant expectation that women ought to be the most pious members of society, influencing men to lead moral lives. However
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In 1885, at the age of 45, Moon gave up teaching and moved into the interior to evangelize full-time in the areas of P'ingtu and
Hwangshien. Her converts numbered in the hundreds. Continuing a prolific writing campaign, Moon's letters and articles poignantly described the life of a missionary and
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In 1892, Moon took a much needed furlough in the US, and did so again in 1902. She was very concerned that her fellow missionaries were burning out from lack of rest and renewal and going to early graves. The mindset back home was "go to the mission field, die on the mission field." Many never
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Lottie waged a slow but relentless campaign to give women missionaries the freedom to minister and have an equal voice in mission proceedings. A prolific writer, she corresponded frequently with H. A. Tupper, head of the
Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board, informing him of the realities of
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and proposed that the week before
Christmas be established as a time of giving to foreign missions. Catching her vision, Southern Baptist women organized local Women's Missionary Societies and even Sunbeam Bands for children to promote missions and collect funds to support missions. Moon was
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Can we wonder at the mortal weariness and disgust, the sense of wasted powers and the conviction that her life is a failure, that comes over a woman when, instead of the ever broadening activities that she had planned, she finds herself tied down to the petty work of teaching a few
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and
Landrum Holmes had discovered an important reality: Only women could reach Chinese women. Lottie soon became frustrated, convinced that her talent was being wasted and could be better put to use in evangelism and church planting. She had come to
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had relaxed its policy against sending single women into the mission field, and Lottie soon felt called to follow her sister to China. On July 7, 1873, the Foreign Mission Board officially appointed 32-year-old Lottie as a missionary to China.
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instrumental in the founding of The Woman's Missionary Union, an auxiliary to the Southern Baptist Convention, in 1888. The first "Christmas offering for missions" in 1888 collected over $ 3,315, enough to send three new missionaries to China.
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became a physician and served as a Confederate Army doctor during the American Civil War. Lottie helped her mother maintain the family estate during the war, and afterward began a teaching career. She taught at female academies, first in
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who spent nearly 40 years (1873–1912) living and working in China. As a teacher and evangelist she laid a foundation for traditionally solid support for missions among Southern Baptists, especially through its
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Moon was born to affluent parents who were staunch Baptists, Anna Maria Barclay and Edward Harris Moon. She grew up on the family's ancestral 1,500 acres (6.1 km) tobacco
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expected to see their friends and families again. Moon argued that regular furloughs every ten years would extend the lives and effectiveness of seasoned missionaries.
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To the family's surprise, Lottie's younger sister Edmonia accepted a call to go to north China as the first single woman Baptist missionary in 1872. By this time, the
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894:. Nashville: Sunday School Board of the Southern Baptist Convention, 1927; very widely used biography, filled with details from six years of interviews with Moon.
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A spirited and outspoken girl, Lottie was indifferent to her Christian upbringing until her early teens. She underwent a spiritual awakening after a series of
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and became a professor of Old Testament studies at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, while Moon aided her mother on their Virginia estate.
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The Moon family valued education, and at age fourteen Lottie went to school at the Baptist-affiliated Virginia Female Seminary (high school, later
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facing similar situations in their ministries. In an article titled "The Woman's Question Again," published in 1883, Lottie wrote:
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Regina D. Sullivan 2009, "Myth, Memory, and the Making of Lottie Moon," in Jonathan Daniel Wells, and Sheila R. Phipps, eds.
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Sullivan, Regina D. "Myth, Memory, and the Making of Lottie Moon," in Jonathan Daniel Wells, and Sheila R. Phipps, eds.
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Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press; 458pp; designing the book for specialists, the editor provides minimal context
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Flowers, Elizabeth. "The Contested Legacy of Lottie Moon: Southern Baptists, Women, and Partisan Protestantism."
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Although educated females in the mid-19th century generally had few career opportunities, her older sister
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Our Ordered Lives Confess: Three Nineteenth-Century American Missionaries in East Shantung.
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Lottie joined her sister Edmonia at the North China Mission Station in the treaty port of
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Throughout her missionary career, Moon faced plague, famine, revolution, and war. The
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Robert, Dana L. "The influence of American missionary women on the world back home."
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Juliette Mather, Light Three Candles (Richmond, Women's Missionary Union 1974) p. 81
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Baton Rouge : LSU Press. 2011; a major scholarly biography and analysis;
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We Mean to Be Counted : White Women & Politics in Antebellum Virginia
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A monument to Lottie Moon on West Cherokee Avenue in Cartersville, Georgia.
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Lottie Moon: A Southern Baptist Missionary to China in History and Legend.
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Sorrill, Bobbie. "The History of the Week of Prayer for Foreign Missions"
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mission work and the desperate need for more workers—both women and men.
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This article is about the missionary. For the Confederate spy, see
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Entering the fray: gender, politics, and culture in the New South]
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Entering the fray: gender, politics, and culture in the New South
799:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 171.
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Her body was cremated and the remains returned to her family in
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List of Protestant missionary societies in China (1807–1953)
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Send the Light: Lottie Moon's Letters and Other Writings.
737:"Working Out Her Destiny - Notable Virginia Women - Moon"
121:(December 12, 1840 – December 24, 1912) was an American
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List of American Southern Baptist missionaries in China
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List of Southern Baptist Convention affiliated people
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
761:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 213.
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979:Southern Baptist Historical Library & Archives
1657:Journal of the West China Border Research Society
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635:Rumors characterize Moon's relationship with
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233:, in Shandong, (see Penglai, Prefecture City
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918:(1980), 15#4 pp 28–35, covers 1888 to 1979.
850:U of Missouri Press; pp 5, 11–41; quote p 11
646:However, following controversies concerning
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470:Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission
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1726:People from Albemarle County, Virginia
1064:Protestant missions in China 1807–1953
935:(U of Missouri Press; 2009) pp 11–41.
583:War, conflict and scarcity (1894–1912)
968:More Info from Int'l Missionary Board
899:Her Own Way: The Story of Lottie Moon
623:Relationship with Crawford Howell Toy
186:Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
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1485:Reformed Church in the United States
1323:American Methodist Episcopal Mission
975:An Audio message by Dr. Tom Nettles.
887:Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
160:) and Albemarle Female Institute in
1480:Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association
1358:Protestant Episcopal Church Mission
631:Moon's gravesite in Crewe, Virginia
973:Biographical Sketch of Lottie Moon
901:(1958). for middle school students
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1650:The Christian Occupation of China
963:Dave and Neta Jackson Short Bio
225:Early years in China (1873–1885)
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1501:Bible translations into Chinese
1731:People from Danville, Kentucky
1664:The West China Missionary News
916:Baptist History & Heritage
599:uprising (which overthrew the
392:Separation of church and state
119:Charlotte Digges "Lottie" Moon
41:Charlotte Digges "Lottie" Moon
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1716:Female Christian missionaries
1696:Baptist missionaries in China
906:Religion and American Culture
424:List of SBC-affiliated people
184:, one of the founders of the
1470:English Presbyterian Mission
1451:Peking Union Medical College
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863:Allen, Catherine B. (1980).
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364:Autonomy of the local church
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1426:Fukien Christian University
948:Harper, Keith, ed. (2002).
867:Nashville: Broadman Press.
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456:LifeWay Christian Resources
449:International Mission Board
213:Southern Baptist Convention
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1348:National Christian Council
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865:The New Lottie Moon Story.
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343:Baptist Faith and Message
261:Expanded work (1885–1894)
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1475:Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui
1436:College of Yale-in-China
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1032:Protestantism in Sichuan
883:Hyatt, Irwin T. (1976).
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589:First Sino-Japanese War
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325:Conservative resurgence
268:Foreign Mission Journal
239:Tarleton Perry Crawford
180:on the college campus.
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1636:The Chinese Repository
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1338:Church Mission Society
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1027:Protestantism in China
897:Monsell, Helen Albee.
877:43.1 (2011): 112–44.
757:Leonard, Bill (2005).
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206:Bartow County, Georgia
149:called Viewmont, near
32:Cynthia Charlotte Moon
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1416:St. John's University
1401:University of Nanking
1165:Elizabeth G. K. Hewat
1049:Christianity in China
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151:Scottsville, Virginia
130:Foreign Mission Board
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1275:John Leighton Stuart
1265:Vincent John Stanton
1235:Karl Ludvig Reichelt
1205:Robert Samuel Maclay
921:Sullivan, Regina D.
908:12.1 (2002): 59–89.
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1441:Huachung University
1421:Hangchow University
1411:Yenching University
1300:(more missionaries)
1270:John and Betty Stam
1180:Carl C. Jeremiassen
1160:Laura Askew Haygood
1115:William Jones Boone
1080:David Howard Adeney
781:Wells and Phips p.
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637:Crawford Howell Toy
597:Chinese Nationalist
491:Founders Ministries
406:Nashville Statement
172:Spiritual awakening
53:Missionary to China
27:Missionary in China
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1526:Chinese Roman Type
1511:Manchurian revival
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357:Biblical inerrancy
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128:to China with the
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1609:Chinese Civil War
1564:Taiping Rebellion
1531:Minnan Roman Type
1175:Robert A. Jaffray
1085:Mary Ann Aldersey
1044:Missions timeline
875:Fides et Historia
806:978-0-8078-4696-4
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1574:Second Opium War
1541:Anti-footbinding
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1170:Jennie V. Hughes
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1628:Publications
1599:Boxer Crisis
1381:United Board
1374:universities
1372:Colleges and
1260:George Smith
1220:George Moule
1209:
1200:Eric Liddell
1105:Joseph Beech
1090:Roland Allen
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869:online free
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740:. Retrieved
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719:. Retrieved
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601:Qing Dynasty
591:(1894), the
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538:Southwestern
526:Southeastern
316: /
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292:Christianity
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182:John Broadus
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85:(1912-12-24)
1691:1912 deaths
1686:1840 births
1230:David Paton
1210:Lottie Moon
1195:James Legge
1190:Walter Judd
1125:John Burdon
892:Lottie Moon
879:online ch 5
837:Allen, 139.
641:Confederacy
521:New Orleans
399:Two offices
304:Anabaptists
91:Kobe Harbor
1680:Categories
1546:Anti-opium
1309:Missionary
1225:Gideon Nye
1110:John Birch
1054:Nestorians
1020:Background
716:"Viewmont"
514:Midwestern
503:Seminaries
286:Background
147:plantation
126:missionary
65:1840-12-12
648:Darwinism
1311:agencies
742:14 April
721:14 April
680:See also
533:Southern
231:Dengzhou
103:Religion
1555:Pivotal
1059:Jesuits
937:excerpt
509:Gateway
337:Beliefs
310:General
193:Orianna
166:Chinese
93:, Japan
1557:events
1494:Impact
1073:People
927:online
910:online
803:
765:
418:People
314:Strict
252:girls?
235:Yantai
702:Notes
610:Japan
244:China
200:. In
801:ISBN
763:ISBN
744:2017
723:2017
606:Kobe
80:Died
59:Born
1682::
783:17
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63:(
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20:)
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