240:, later said that white violence killed four of his father's brothers. Another son, Wilfred, later remembered that Louise "received letters from the leaders of the movement thanking her for the work she had done and praising her for her devotion to the cause". Earl and Louise had seven children together: Wilfred (1920–1998), Hilda (1921–2015), Philbert (1923–1993), Malcolm (1925–1965), Reginald (1927–2001), Wesley (1928–2009), and Yvonne (1929–2003). Her eighth child, Robert (1938–1999), had a different father. See below.
274:. Rumors that white racists were responsible for Earl's death were widely circulated, and were very disturbing to Louise and their children. After a dispute with creditors, Louise received a life insurance benefit (nominally $ 1,000‍—‌about $ 20,000 in 2023 dollars) in payments of $ 18 per month; the issuer of another, larger policy refused to pay, claiming her husband Earl had committed suicide. To make ends meet Louise rented out part of her garden, and her sons hunted game.
38:
300:‍—‌joined his siblings in securing her release from the hospital. She lived with her surviving family and descendants for the rest of her life mostly in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Most of her children lived and died in Grand Rapids like her where she was a member of Bethel Seventh-Day Adventist Church.
994:
McDuffie, Erik S. (Fall 2016). "The
Diasporic Journeys of Louise Little: Grassroots Garveyism, the Midwest, and Community Feminism". Women, Gender, and Families of Color. 4 (2): 152. doi:10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0139.
428:
March 19, 2022 clearly states we do not know if Little was born in 1894 or 1897. Other sources give one year or the other, but it appears that we cannot state from actual available sources either year definitavely
189:
Little was raised by her grandparents, Jupiter and Mary Jane, until
Jupiter's death in 1901 and Mary Jane's death in 1916. She was educated in a local Anglican school, and was fluent in English, French and
968:
Blain, Keisha N. (February 19, 2017). "On Louise Little, the Mother of
Malcolm X: An Interview with Erik S. McDuffie". Black Perspectives. African American Intellectual History Society. Retrieved July 14,
1299:
1431:
281:. In 1937, a man Louise had been dating‍—‌marriage had seemed a possibility‍—‌vanished from her life when she became pregnant with his child, Robert (1938–1999). In late 1938 she had a
175:
and eventually transported to the
Grenadian village of La Digue. It has been claimed that Louise's mother, Ella, one of six children of the Langdons, was raped by a "significantly older"
159:, Grenada to Ella Langdon in either 1894 or 1897. Ella was the daughter of Jupiter and Mary Jane Langdon, both of whom were kidnapped from Africa, possibly in the region of modern-day
226:
in 1921. While she was in Omaha, she became the secretary and the "branch reporter" of the UNIA's local chapter, sending news about local UNIA activities, led by Earl, to
1807:
1787:
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296:
Little was institutionalized at the
Kalamazoo Mental Hospital from 1939 through 1963. Malcolm‍—‌who rose to fame as Malcolm X, a leading minister of the
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329:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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286:
203:
277:
During the 1930s, white
Seventh-day Adventists witnessed to the Little family; later on Louise Little and her son Wilfred were baptized into the
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1027:
1016:
1002:
988:
977:
809:
778:
753:
717:
646:
613:
983:
DeCaro Jr., Louis A. (1996). On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of
Malcolm X. New York: New York University Press. pp. 43–44.
364:
1762:
1196:
1099:
972:
Carew, Jan (1994). Ghosts in Our Blood: With
Malcolm X in Africa, England and the Caribbean. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. p. 118.
551:
1797:
1576:
168:
482:
McDuffie, Erik S. (Fall 2016). "The
Diasporic Journeys of Louise Little: Grassroots Garveyism, the Midwest, and Community Feminism".
914:
439:
271:
256:
349:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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186:
from England. A local historian has suggested that Louise had an older brother, Ruford, who only died at a few years of age.
1713:
1313:
997:
Malcolm X; with the assistance of Alex Haley (1992) . The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: One World. pp. 3–4.
1802:
1047:
Vincent, Ted (March–April 1989). "The Garveyite Parents of Malcolm X". The Black Scholar. 20 (2): 10–13. JSTOR 41067613.
1036:
Perry, Bruce (1991). Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America. Barrytown, N.Y.: Station Hill. pp. 2–3.
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because they believed that their lives in that city would be better than their lives in Canada, and then, they moved to
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Russell, J., Little, H., Jones, S. (2021). The Life of Louise Norton Little. Our Hidden Gem LLC. ISBN B08XLGGDSP.
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510:
77:
20:
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400:
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Wurth, Julie (April 7, 2016). "Activist's mom 'stood her ground'". The News-Gazette. Retrieved July 14, 2018.
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139:; 1894 or 1897 – December 18, 1989) was a Grenadian-born American activist. She was the mother of
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The Life of Louise Norton Little: An extraordinary woman: mother of Malcolm X and his 7 siblings
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1011:
Marable, Manning (2011). Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention. New York: Viking. pp. 20–30.
1549:
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1139:
1022:
Natambu, Kofi (2002). The Life and Work of Malcolm X. Indianapolis: Alpha Books. p. 3.
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Jolie Solomon, "Overlooked No More: Louise Little: Activist and Mother of Malcolm X" in
738:
247:– Earl's UNIA activities were said to be "spreading trouble" – the family relocated to
214:
Through the UNIA in Montreal, she met Earl Little, a craftsman and a lay minister from
182:
In later years, Louise's maternal uncle, Egerton Langdon, stated that her father was a
37:
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1706:
1285:
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1008:"Malcolm X and Seventh-day Adventism". blacksdahistory.org. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
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440:"On Louise Little, the Mother of Malcolm X: An Interview with Erik S. McDuffie"
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group. When the family home burned in 1929, Earl accused the Black Legion.
195:
740:
Ghosts in Our Blood: With Malcolm X in Africa, England and the Caribbean
685:
218:. The couple married on May 10, 1919. The following year, they moved to
662:
Vincent, Ted (March–April 1989). "The Garveyite Parents of Malcolm X".
466:
194:. After her grandmother's death, she emigrated from Grenada in 1917 to
160:
401:"Overlooked No More: Louise Little, Activist and Mother of Malcolm X"
1300:
Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center
1081:
270:
accident, though Louise believed Earl had been murdered by the
1432:
A Lie of Reinvention: Correcting Manning Marable's Malcolm X
1077:
511:"Writer, Teacher, Activist and Voice for Caribbean History"
236:
in their children. Their son Malcolm, who became famous as
513:. College of Arts & Humanities, University of Maryland
251:
in 1926, and shortly thereafter, the family relocated to
1063:"Our Family from the Inside: Growing Up with Malcolm X"
773:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 43–44.
771:
On the Side of My People: A Religious Life of Malcolm X
633:
Malcolm: The Life of a Man Who Changed Black America
394:
392:
198:, where her uncle Egerton Langdon introduced her to
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266:In 1931, Earl died in what was officially ruled a
255:. There the family was frequently harassed by the
446:. African American Intellectual History Society
1093:
8:
1533:Blood Brothers: Malcolm X & Muhammad Ali
1442:The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X
179:named Norton, resulting in Louise's birth.
1350:
1341:
1100:
1086:
1078:
637:. Barrytown, N.Y.: Station Hill. pp.
289:. The children were separated and sent to
42:Louise and Earl Little in an undated photo
25:
1808:People from Saint Andrew Parish, Grenada
1788:Grenadian emigrants to the United States
744:. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books. p.
151:Louise Helen Norton Langdon was born in
1515:Malcolm's Echo: The Legacy of Malcolm X
388:
365:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
314:
204:Universal Negro Improvement Association
112: 1919; died 1931)
1768:American activists of Nigerian descent
509:Graham, Lorraine (November 14, 2018).
438:Blain, Keisha N. (February 19, 2017).
915:"Malcolm X and Seventh-day Adventism"
800:. Indianapolis: Alpha Books. p.
712:. New York: One World. pp. 3–4.
363:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
7:
1813:Seventh-day Adventists from Michigan
608:. New York: Viking. pp. 20–30.
484:Women, Gender, and Families of Color
232:; they inculcated self-reliance and
1793:Grenadian people of British descent
1773:American people of Scottish descent
1458:
1265:Malcolm X—Ella Little-Collins House
1197:Organization of Afro-American Unity
547:"Activist's mom 'stood her ground'"
465:Russell, Jessica (31 August 2020).
1577:X: The Life and Times of Malcolm X
14:
1422:Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention
1321:Malcolm Shabazz City High School
1307:Lenox Avenue/Malcolm X Boulevard
605:Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention
399:Solomon, Jolie (19 March 2022).
36:
109:
1391:The Autobiography of Malcolm X
1067:Contributions in Black Studies
797:The Life and Work of Malcolm X
709:The Autobiography of Malcolm X
678:10.1080/00064246.1989.11412923
545:Wurth, Julie (April 7, 2016).
74:December 18, 1989 (aged 91–95)
1:
1783:Grenadian emigrants to Canada
1714:Malcolm X Memorial Foundation
1314:Malcolm X Shabazz High School
769:DeCaro Jr., Louis A. (1996).
496:10.5406/womgenfamcol.4.2.0139
357:American Antiquarian Society
337:American Antiquarian Society
279:Seventh-day Adventist Church
243:Because of threats from the
1559:Roots: The Next Generations
1472:The Hate That Hate Produced
52:Louise Helen Norton Langdon
1829:
1763:African-American activists
1363:Message to the Grass Roots
133:Louise Helen Norton Little
18:
16:Grenadan-American activist
1798:Grenadian women activists
1543:
1497:Seven Songs for Malcolm X
702:; with the assistance of
78:Lilley Township, Michigan
35:
21:Louise Little (cricketer)
1602:The Malcolm X Jazz Suite
1488:Malcolm X: Make It Plain
1372:The Ballot or the Bullet
1061:Little, Wilfred (1995).
287:Kalamazoo State Hospital
1758:Activists from Nebraska
1753:Activists from Michigan
192:Grenadian Creole French
19:For the cricketer, see
1721:By any means necessary
1381:The Diary of Malcolm X
794:Natambu, Kofi (2002).
147:Early years and family
1778:Converts to Adventism
1524:Who Killed Malcolm X?
629:Perry, Bruce (1991).
285:and was committed to
1251:Malcolm X House Site
249:Milwaukee, Wisconsin
1803:Family of Malcolm X
1647:Godfather of Harlem
1638:Betty & Coretta
1233:Muhammad Abdul Aziz
1190:Muslim Mosque, Inc.
919:blacksdahistory.org
471:. August 31, 2020).
157:Saint Andrew Parish
63:Saint Andrew Parish
1611:Death of a Prophet
444:Black Perspectives
405:The New York Times
173:British Royal Navy
1730:
1729:
1666:
1665:
1453:
1452:
1328:Malcolm X College
1042:978-0-88268-103-0
1028:978-0-02-864218-5
1017:978-0-670-02220-5
1003:978-0-345-37671-8
989:978-0-8147-1864-3
978:978-1-55652-218-5
811:978-0-02-864218-5
780:978-0-8147-1864-3
755:978-1-55652-218-5
719:978-0-345-37671-8
665:The Black Scholar
648:978-0-88268-103-0
615:978-0-670-02220-5
283:nervous breakdown
253:Lansing, Michigan
216:Reynolds, Georgia
165:sold into slavery
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1550:Poem for Malcolm
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1480:1972 documentary
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925:on July 29, 2019
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1148:Qubilah Shabazz
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1272:Mosque No. 7
1217:Thomas Hagan
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923:the original
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585:McDuffie, p.
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572:McDuffie, p.
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515:. Retrieved
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443:
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404:
370:February 29,
368:. Retrieved
348:
328:
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295:
291:foster homes
276:
272:Black Legion
265:
257:Black Legion
245:Ku Klux Klan
242:
227:
220:Philadelphia
213:
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132:
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55:1894 or 1897
1748:1989 deaths
1700:Hakim Jamal
1693:WD Mohammed
1629:An Eye on X
1620:The Meeting
1568:No Sell Out
1506:An Eye on X
879:Natambu, p.
824:Natambu, p.
341:1700–1799:
321:1634–1699:
234:black pride
229:Negro World
184:bank teller
99:Earl Little
1737:Categories
1592:soundtrack
1463:and series
1166:(grandson)
1158:(daughter)
1150:(daughter)
1142:(daughter)
734:Carew, Jan
704:Alex Haley
490:(2): 152.
410:January 9,
304:References
259:, a white
86:Occupation
1585:1992 film
1345:Books and
1109:Malcolm X
943:Marable,
892:Marable,
858:Marable,
837:Marable,
706:(1992) .
700:Malcolm X
383:Footnotes
268:streetcar
238:Malcolm X
200:Garveyism
141:Malcolm X
125:Malcolm X
65:, Grenada
1374:" (1964)
1365:" (1963)
1354:Authored
1347:speeches
1126:(mother)
929:July 25,
736:(1994).
686:41067613
602:(2011).
558:July 14,
535:152–153.
517:June 17,
450:July 14,
346:(1992).
326:(1997).
206:(UNIA).
202:and the
196:Montreal
177:Scotsman
153:La Digue
120:Children
89:Activist
59:La Digue
1671:Related
1073:: 7–47.
963:Sources
945:Malcolm
894:Malcolm
860:Malcolm
839:Malcolm
171:by the
161:Nigeria
137:Langdon
114:
106:
102:
1445:(2020)
1435:(2012)
1425:(2011)
1415:(2002)
1394:(1965)
1384:(1964)
1243:Places
1134:(wife)
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261:racist
210:Career
163:, and
94:Spouse
80:, U.S.
1461:films
1403:About
1338:Media
969:2018.
682:JSTOR
353:(PDF)
333:(PDF)
309:Notes
169:freed
135:(née
108:(
104:
1459:Docu
1038:ISBN
1024:ISBN
1013:ISBN
999:ISBN
985:ISBN
974:ISBN
951:, p.
931:2019
900:, p.
866:, p.
845:, p.
806:ISBN
775:ISBN
750:ISBN
714:ISBN
643:ISBN
610:ISBN
589:155.
576:155.
560:2018
519:2020
452:2018
412:2023
372:2024
71:Died
48:Born
955:35.
904:32.
883:10.
849:29.
746:118
674:doi
639:2–3
492:doi
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494::
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