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though
Minnesota’s subzero weather must often have made the pilgrimage seem like martyrdom.’ “However, we could see the walls of the hospital building rising over on the river,” Miss Powell concluded her remembrance, “and we could laugh at our inconveniences and think that they were temporary and soon there would be an elevator so that patients would not have to be carried to and from the operating room, up and down stairs, and that food and laundry could be easily transported from floor to floor”.
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Glen Lake
Sanitarium and community health settings, in order to gain the broadest possible variety of experience. Northern Pacific was a fraternal hospital specific to the employees and families of employees of the railroad. Elliot Hospital (the university facility) had very few maternity cases, pediatric cases, and cases of contagious disease – but those did exist at Minneapolis General. The patients at Miller included private patients, who were not seen at the university hospital.
511:, while the Lakeside Nurses Training School merged into Western Reserve University's School of Nursing also in 1924. While there she led organizational change processes to improve the classroom facilities, improve the housing facilities, increase student recruitment, and to assess quality of teaching. She also organized an Alumnae Association for the Western Reserve University School of Nursing graduates. Ill health caused her to resign from that position in March, 1927.
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as many trained nurses as possible, for faculty to train those nurses and space to house them during training. Additionally, Miss Powell was acting superintendent of the
University of Minnesota Hospital (1918–1919) while the medical director was on military assignment. Powell also designed a four-month training program during this time to teach navy hospital corpsmen basic nursing care during the War.
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from physicians of the university's medical school. Instruction in nursing care was originally provided only by Miss Powell, as nursing school faculty were added they provided training as well. Completely integrated into the
University of Minnesota, it was also unusual in that student nurses had an eight-hour work day instead of the twelve-hour work day common at that time.
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administration remained in the building until their new location in Weaver-Densford Hall was opened in 1980. In 1980 the chair of the hospital board of governors announced plans to build an eleven-story hospital on the site of Powell Hall. Powell Hall was demolished in 1982. The new hospital – scaled back to eight floors – opened in 1986.
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alumni. The effort was joined by the
Minnesota Employment commission (now known as the Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development) and the Minnesota State Federation of Labor, in support of the jobs that would be provided by the construction project. In The new nursing residence hall, designed by
382:, who went on to become director of Public Health Nursing for the U.S. Public Health Service in 1944. The course was made permanent in 1919, and was expanded to an academic year in 1920. In 1922 the course included in the curriculum of the university's Medical School, and the two programs shared it going forward.
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Miss
Erdmann “had many interesting things to tell of the experiment in education which was being inaugurated at the University of Minnesota. The experiment was to admit young women who could meet the entrance requirements to a School of Nursing, the first such school under University control ever to
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Miss Powell retired from nursing in 1926 due to health issues, and moved to
Charlottesville, Virginia. During her retirement she continued with philanthropic work, learned Braille and translated books including a biology textbook for the use of the blind. She died on October 6, 1943, at her brother's
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was a public health challenge throughout
Minnesota, Elliot Hospital was emptied of regular patients and turned over entirely to flu patients, although treatment options were very limited. Most experienced staff had gone to the war effort, which left only the newest students in place to deal with this
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Powell later reported conditions in the nurses’ home as ‘dismally primitive’. “Miss Powell described later how hopeful she and her students were.. ‘As they broke their way through block after block of snowdrifts, still unshoveled at the early hour when they rose .. their spirits seldom wavered, even
468:
Louise Powell was named
Director of Nursing at the university in 1922. inaugurated the Nurses Alumnae Association in December 1913, at that point there were 12 graduates from the school. She published the first Alumnae Association Quarterly in 1920. The Nurses Self Government Association – a student
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In 1962 Minnesota relaxed its rule requiring that nursing students live on campus, one of the first in the country to do so. As students vacated rooms, the space was put to other uses including hospital clinics and low-cost accommodations for outpatients and patients' families. The School of
Nursing
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Maintenance and support of the nursing student's residence had been a challenge and a focus of energies for Powell during her tenure. At that time, nursing students were provided very modest housing with limited transportation availability, and often an absence of even basic amenities. Powell worked
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Returning from a six-month leave to further her education in 1917, Powell found the university preparing Base Hospital Unit 26 to go overseas, which went abroad in June 1918. The contingent included every head nurse from the Nursing School who was physically able to go. There was a massive need for
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During her tenure at the University of Minnesota from 1910 to 1924, Miss Powell worked with Dr. Beard of the medical school and Dr. Baldwin of the University Hospital to establishing a more rigorous educational program for nurses This new five-year program put in place stronger academic standards
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in St. Paul, and the Northern Pacific Beneficial Association Hospital in St. Paul. Minneapolis General ended its own training program, and the recently opened Miller hospital in this way did not need to start a nursing school. Students were able to rotate among those three hospitals in addition to
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Powell contributions to nursing education were many, including establishing admission standards, strengthening the curriculum, hiring qualified faculty, and working to improve the living conditions of the students. Simultaneously Powell was responsible for getting the housekeeping done, acting as
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The School for Nurses had opened on March 1, 1909, and its staff consisted of one nurse and two assistants. Administration offices were situated between the door opening to the street, and the main rooms of the first floor which were the operating room, the delivery room, and a room for internes.
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area of the Minneapolis Campus, East Bank. There was total capacity for 25 patients. The operating room was on the first floor, the recuperating rooms were upstairs. Post-op patients had to be carried upstairs by two people to their recovery bed from the operating room, as the staircases were too
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The nursing program that she inherited had been established as a three-year program similar to that in the more advanced hospital based schools of nursing. It differed from those schools in that students were all high school graduates and they received instruction in disease and medical treatment
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Care of patients was much improved with the construction of the Elliot Memorial Hospital in 1911, which had capacity for over 100 beds. Dr. Louis Baldwin was named superintendent of the hospital-to-be in 1910. Dr. Richard Olding Beard, hired to teach at Minneapolis Hospital College in 1887, was
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Powell, L.M. (1937). The history of the development of nursing education at the University of Minnesota. University of Minnesota School of Nursing Alumnae Quarterly 17 (1), 4 – 13. Reprinted in Brenda Canedy, Remembering Things Past: A heritage of excellence; University of Minnesota School of
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In the spring of 1931, some of the few housing buildings available for nurses were removed in favor of a new dentistry building, increasing the urgency for a nursing dormitory. An extensive outreach effort was led by alumnus Minna Kief, including a petition signed by 1,700 students and nursing
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Powell's continued education included courses at specialized institutions including the Hospital for Sick Children (later called Mount Wilson State Hospital), Baltimore County, Maryland and the Municipal Hospital for Contagious Diseases, Philadelphia, PA. Her coursework also included Teachers
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After Erdmann's time leading the School for Nurses at the university was cut short due to tuberculosis, Dr. Richard Olding Beard asked Adelaide Nutting for assistance in replacing her. Nutting suggested Powell, Olding Beard made the offer and Powell accepted. Powell started her position as
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Early public health nursing programs were often temporary, created in response to a particular crisis. In 1918, Powell instituted a four-month public health nursing course in cooperation with the Minnesota Public Health Association, the first of its kind in the state. The
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integral in the formation of a central medical school from four existing programs, incorporated in to the University of Minnesota. Dr. Beard was an original faculty member of that University Medical School, and an energetic advocate for the professionalization of nursing.
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Powell Hall had seven floors. Floors four, five and six were residential, each with a kitchenette for light cooking. The building was connected to the hospital by tunnel. Powell Hall was expanded in July 1945 with 125 rooms and an auditorium, to house an additional 250
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in terms of planning meals for patients and nursing staff, doing marketing for the nursing program via telephone calls, and teaching Nursing Practice classes herself. She also attended many of the lectures by doctors, and held quiz classes after the lectures
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Powell, L.M. (1911). How the Training School for Nurses Benefits by Relation to a university. American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses 1911 Annual Report, 150 – 158, and Proceedings of the 17th convention, Baltimore, MD: J.H. Furst,
189:, during its formative years. During her tenure there (1910–1924), the university established a five-year baccalaureate nursing degree program. In honor of her achievements, the nurses residence hall was named for her in 1939. She was later dean of nursing at
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of St. Paul in a neo-colonial style, was completed in 1933. In 1939 for the school's thirtieth anniversary it was renamed in honor of Powell. The Louise M. Powell Hall was the first building at the University of Minnesota to be named for a living person.
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so that graduates of the program had a strong foundation for their career. The three-year program remained available as well. The name of the school was changed from School for Nurses to School of Nursing. Some curriculum additions she achieved included
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Powell, L.M. (1915). Existing affiliations between Universities and Training Schools. National League of Nursing Education, Annual Report, 106 – 14, and Proceedings of the 21st convention, Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins,
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which had just opened a year earlier to pioneer new treatment methods. The curriculum was updated to include a two-month period of service there, introducing nursing students to another set of conditions and treatments.
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who was later to have an extensive career in Public Health. Powell led nursing's response in dealing with the crisis, and created and taught the university's first public health course along with Dorothy Kurtzman.
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was a major catalyst for the course. Thirteen students attended the first course started in November 1918, six students attended the second one which started in March 1919. Among those 19 students was
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College, Diploma in Education, 1908–10; Teachers College, Second Semester, 1916–17; University of Virginia, Summer Session, 1919, Smith College, Northampton, Mass, Second Semester, 1921–1922.
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Powell was active in nursing organizations including serving as president, vice president and director of the Minnesota League of Nursing Education; secretary, treasurer, and director of the
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The university entered into an agreement with 3 other hospitals to provide an integrated nursing training and staffing program for the whole community in 1920. The other three hospitals were
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213:, is her maternal grandfather. He developed more humane treatments for the patients at that facility. She had two siblings – one of them, her sister Lucy Lee, moved to
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in 1899. She was superintendent of nurses at St. Lukes Hospital from 1899 to 1904. Her next position from 1905 to 1908 was charge nurse of the Infirmary at
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Training was provided by the nursing school superintendent and medical school faculty. The housing provided for the nursing students was also very modest.
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Friedman, Alice Howell (1988). "Powell, Louise Mathilde". In Kaufman, Martin; Hawkins, Joellen Watson; Higgins, Loretta P.; Friedman, Alice Howell (eds.).
121:; 1918–1919 Acting Superintendent, University Hospital; 1922–1924 Director, School of Nursing at the University of Minnesota. 1924–1926 Dean of Nursing at
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in Staunton. She was then recruited by a former teacher to help establish a progressive school for girls, and she taught primary grades at that school in
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1148:"Nurses' School At University – Association With Several Hospitals Adds More Opportunities – Fall Quarter Will Start September 20. Make Application".
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Powell, L.M. (1920). Department of Nursing Education: Student self-government in Schools of Nursing. American Journal of Nursing 20 (3), 471–8.
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Canedy, Brenda H. (1988). "Louise Matilda Powell 1871–1943". In Stein, Alice P.; Sentz, Lilli; Church, Olga Maranjian; Bullough, Vern (eds.).
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in 1922. Her class was the largest class ever enrolled at that time, with 16 students. During her first year at Columbia, she was taught by
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At the time that Powell accepted her position, the "hospital" consisted of 3 frame houses located on campus, two on State Street and one on
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Cornerstone for Nursing Education: A History of the Division of Nursing Education of Teachers College, Columbia University, 1899–1947
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organization – was formed in 1919. Miss Powell was instrumental in establishing the Beta chapter of the nursing sorority
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Powell, L.M. (1921). Education in tuberculosis for student nurses. American Journal of Nursing, 22 (11), 98 – 102.
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In 1915 Powell added the Dental Clinic to the student's rotation; and in 1917 Powell created an affiliation with
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Gray, James (1971). "Powell, Louise Mathilde". In James, Edward T.; James, Janet Wilson; Boyer, Paul S. (eds.).
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Louise Powell was the first living person to have a building named after them at the University of Minnesota.
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1306:"Our History | About Us | University Hospitals | Cleveland, OH | University Hospitals"
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Nursing Diamond Jubilee (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Biomedical Graphic Communication, 1984), 1.
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Carideo, Anthony P. (September 14, 1981). "Bam! Bam! Bam! Dynamite brings Powell Hall to booming end".
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for many years. Louise's initial education was in private school in Virginia and teacher training at
1167:"University Heads Work in Nursing – State Institution Was Pioneer in Establishing Training School".
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in 1871 to Hugh Lee Powell and Ella Stribling Powell. Francis T. Stribling, Superintendent of the
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In 1935, Miss Powell was elected honorary member of the National League of Nursing Education.
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1015:"Hospital Head Assumes Duty – Dr. L. B. Baldwin Takes Charge of University Institution".
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Miss Powell completed nursing school at St Luke's Hospital Training School for Nurses in
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1131:"It's A Busy Life – U. Co-eds in Training for Nursing Get Variety of Practical Work".
978:"The History of the Development of Nursing Education at the University of Minnesota".
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Alumnae Quarterly. University of Minnesota School of Nursing 25 (January 1944): 34.
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Western Reserve University – Reports of the President and Other Officers 1912–1933
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https://www.mhealth.org/childrens/discover-our-difference-pediatric/our-history
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and is buried in Thornrose Cemetery in Staunton beside her mother and sister.
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Dedication Program, Nurses Hall, University of Minnesota. 27 October 1933.
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1218:"$ 231,000 Grant for 'U' Building – Structure Will House Nurse Corps".
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Education for nursing: A history of the University of Minnesota school
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Powell left the University of Minnesota in 1924 to become dean at the
346:(1918), and the five-year baccalaureate program in 1919 that included
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Wayland, M. M., & National League of Nursing Education. (n.d.).
1367:: Alumae Association of the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing.
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tirelessly to improve the housing situation for her students.
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Katharine Densford Dreves: Marching At The Head Of The Parade
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Leading The Way: The University School of Nursing 1909-2009
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Alumni News, University of Minnesota, October 1970, 20–22.
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The History of the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing
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Superintendent of nurses at the university in July 1910.
1405:. New York: National League of Nursing Education. 1937.
125:(which was later named Case Western Reserve University)
480:; member of the state and national committees of the
193:(later known as Case Western Reserve University).
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1082:(Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing Science Thesis).
292:, Professor of Nursing. She was a classmate of
491:(later named Case Western Reserve University)
201:Louise Matilda Powell (1871–1943) was born in
1184:"$ 1,400,000 Building Budget Asked for 'U'".
633:: Garland Publishing, Inc. pp. 265–266.
509:University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
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1476:Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
840:(January 1944). "Louise M. Powell, RN, BS".
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874:American Nursing: A Biographical Dictionary
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627:American Nursing: A Biographical Dictionary
507:and Lakeside Hospital which became part of
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1235:"Cadet Nurses to be Feted at Silver Tea".
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106:Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
100:St. Luke’s Hospital, Richmond, Virginia;
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408:epidemic. One of those students was
1421:UMedia: Powell Hall. Minneapolis.
1390:Louise Matilde Powell, R.N., B. S.
280:She earned a bachelor's degree at
40:Portrait of Louise M. Powell, 1916
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1416:Powell, Louise Mathilde 1871–1943
1383:The University School of Nursing,
1084:University of Illinois at Chicago
919:Notable American Women, 1607–1950
796:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
363:Glen Lake Tuberculosis Sanatorium
1466:American academic administrators
786:"Who's Who in the Nursing World"
423:The Minneapolis General Hospital
1481:University of Minnesota faculty
1461:American nursing administrators
1221:The Minneapolis Morning Tribune
1021:. September 8, 1910. p. 9.
1018:The Minneapolis Morning Tribune
1501:People from Staunton, Virginia
1294:. October 12, 1943. p. 1.
1117:. January 25, 1911. p. 1.
1109:"Training School for Nurses".
505:Babies and Children's Hospital
427:the Charles T. Miller Hospital
333:Nursing curriculum and faculty
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1265:University of Minnesota Press
1241:. August 18, 1944. p. 5.
1190:. March 13, 1931. p. 11.
1173:. August 28, 1922. p. 6.
1000:: CS1 maint: date and year (
798:. January 1924. p. 298.
749:University of Minnesota Press
691:University of Minnesota Press
1291:The Minneapolis Star Journal
1064:. August 5, 1911. p. 1.
794:. Vol. 24, no. 4.
478:Minnesota Nurses Association
178:(1871–1943) was an American
1224:. July 25, 1944. p. 9.
1137:. March 9, 1941. p. 4.
791:American Journal of Nursing
237:Professional nursing career
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1456:American nursing educators
1156:. July 6, 1921. p. 8.
489:Western Reserve University
350:coursework in addition to
219:Minneapolis Public Library
191:Western Reserve University
123:Western Reserve University
1255:; Pflaum, Ann M. (2001).
1057:The Bemidji Daily Pioneer
1040:: Teachers College Press.
681:Glass, Laurie K. (2009).
282:Columbia Teachers College
182:and educator who led the
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1496:American women academics
1359:Faddis, Marlene (1948).
1238:Minneapolis Star Journal
1134:Minneapolis Star Journal
1032:Christy, Louise (1943).
928:Harvard University Press
924:Cambridge, Massachusetts
838:Densford, Katharine Jane
445:Clarence H. Johnston Sr.
1328:: The University. 1933.
1207:. p. 1A, 16A, 17A.
1187:The Minneapolis Tribune
926:: The Belknap Press of
321:narrow for stretchers.
217:also and worked at the
184:University of Minnesota
142:University of Minnesota
116:University of Minnesota
104:University of Virginia;
1170:Minneapolis Daily Star
1078:Glass, Lauren (1983).
263:University of Virginia
211:Western State Hospital
1471:Female wartime nurses
1451:American women nurses
990:: 4–13. January 1937.
344:Public health nursing
169:Marion L. Vannier, RN
50:Louise Matilda Powell
1491:Nursing school deans
1204:The Minneapolis Star
884:. pp. 296–297.
739:Gray, James (1960).
533:Brownsburg, Virginia
290:M. Adelaide Nutting
1486:World War I nurses
1253:Lehmberg, Stanford
1154:New Ulm, Minnesota
1115:New Ulm, Minnesota
1062:Bemidji, Minnesota
482:American Red Cross
454:U. S. Cadet Nurses
223:Stuart Hall School
82:Staunton, Virginia
64:Staunton, Virginia
988:School of Nursing
980:Alumnae Quarterly
922:. Vol. III.
850:School of Nursing
842:Alumnae Quarterly
515:Awards and honors
493:School of Nursing
314:University Avenue
187:School of Nursing
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130:Years active
119:School of Nursing
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1388:Densford, K. J.
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1261:Minneapolis
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687:Minneapolis
434:Powell Hall
395:World War I
271:Northampton
215:Minneapolis
158:Predecessor
89:Citizenship
1430:Categories
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937:0674627342
605:References
531:home near
367:Minnetonka
352:biological
348:humanities
197:Early life
56:1871-03-12
1365:Cleveland
1344:ignored (
1334:cite book
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946:cite book
882:Greenwood
809:April 24,
497:Cleveland
388:dietician
340:Sociology
255:Bryn Mawr
166:Successor
133:1910–1924
97:Education
1038:New York
878:New York
631:New York
539:Writings
342:(1916),
286:New York
247:Virginia
243:Richmond
231:Virginia
207:Virginia
203:Staunton
138:Employer
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316:in the
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227:Norfolk
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986:(1).
848:(3).
800:JSTOR
564:Notes
549:1915.
545:1911.
180:nurse
1346:help
1269:ISBN
1002:link
958:help
932:ISBN
886:ISBN
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