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our traditions, our institutions, those historic benchmarks in the development of this Nationātheir commemoration are symbols of the spiritual and political development of our Nation, and they serve, as does our flag, to instill in the minds of our people that patriotic and spiritual fervor without which we, as a nation, could not survive. We must be just as vigilant, in fact more vigilant, about maintaining and encouraging the spiritual resources of our Nation as we are about the preservation and development of our physical and economic resources. The material resources of a nation can be dissipated or destroyed; the spirit, tradition, and sacred history of our Nation, if reasonably protected and developed, will not only never die but will also serve to make us strong physically and economically.
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he noted that there was often not as much interest in such coins as expected, and that they opened a door for confusion and counterfeiting. Eisenhower stated, "I fully recognize the importance to the country of the event which this coin would commemorate. I recognize, too, that the authorization of 1 or 2 or 3 of such issues of coins would not do major harm. However, experience has demonstrated that the authorization of even a single commemorative issue brings forth a flood of other authorizations to commemorate events or anniversaries of local or national importance. In the administration of
President Hoover these authorizations multiplied to the point where he felt compelled to exercise his veto." No attempt was made to override any of Eisenhower's three vetoes.
228:
1866:
250:, managing director of the New Orleansābased Louisiana Purchase 150th Anniversary Association, wrote to Newman, stating that Seymour Weiss would negotiate for the association, but when Weiss wrote to Newman on April 8, he stated he could see no point in working out a deal until the bill for a sesquicentennial coin was passed through Congress. Newman telephoned Weiss long distance and convinced him arrangements needed to be worked out in advance how to divide the proceeds.
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legislature. A maximum of 2,500,000 coins were to be struck, all at the
Philadelphia Mint and dated 1953, with an initial minting of not less than 200,000 coins. The report noted the Treasury Department objections to commemorative coins, and stated that the bill's provisions were intended to address them. The bill, as amended, was called up on the House floor on April 13, 1953, and passed without discussion or dissent.
287:, on their 300th anniversaries. As neither senator from Louisiana was present, Knowland put the bill aside temporarily. The bill was called up again after the arrival of Senator Long. He proposed several amendments, including that the coins be dated 1954 rather than 1953 as in the original bill, and addressed the Senate briefly. The Senate adopted the amendments and passed the bill without further discussion.
1854:
73:
291:, director of the Missouri Historical Society, wrote to Newman on January 18, calling the Senate passage "a nice surprise. And where do we go from here?" Newman wrote to Curtis the following day, stating that he would order a copy of the bill and send any proposed amendments. Since the year of the sesquicentennial had by then passed, Newman thought it might be best to honor the
142:, a federal judge and president of the society, proposing a commemorative coin for the anniversary. Newman told the judge the federal government had issued such coins in the past for similar occasions, and that such an issue could provide the $ 10,000 the society needed for its sesquicentennial activities. By September 1952, this led to a regular correspondence with
56:. Although many commemorative coins had been authorized by Congress in the 1930s, legislators passed few after that; the Treasury Department was strongly against their issue. When the House of Representatives held a hearing on the Louisiana Purchase Sesquicentennial half dollar, the bill was opposed by assistant director of the Mint
263:
The possible small additional cost to the United States in the issuance of the commemorative coin which this bill authorizes and which from time to time the
Congress may authorize is, in your committee's opinion, far outweighed by the benefits that redound to us as a people and a nation. Our history,
253:
In the Senate, the bill was referred to the
Committee on Banking and Commerce. The discussions between the two state committees were sidetracked on June 9 when the committee announced it would pass no commemorative coin bills that year. Weiss wrote, "apparently the Treasury Department opposition
327:
Curtis sent a copy of the press release which included
Eisenhower's veto message to Newman on February 10, regretting the outcome, as did Newman in his reply, speculating that Eisenhower "probably was under the impression that these coins circulate and did not realize that they end up as souvenirs".
323:
the
Louisiana Purchase bill, returning it unsigned to the House of Representatives where it originated, and listing his objections. He also vetoed the New York City and Northampton commemorative coin bills, similarly returning them to the Senate where they began. In the near-identical veto messages,
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of New York asked if the consideration of the
Louisiana bill meant there might be commemorative coins for New York City; Wolcott suggested Javits wait three minutes. The House agreed to the Senate amendments on the Louisiana bill, then passed it as well as the Northampton and New York City billsāthe
104:
Beginning in the 1920s, the
Treasury Department began to oppose the growing number of commemorative coins being authorized by the U.S. Congress. Many commemorative coin bills passed Congress in the mid-1930s. Some of these issues were deemed abusive, with coin dealers given an exclusive right to buy
88:
gave the United States over a million square miles of previously French territory for the price of $ 15 million. The
Purchase was ratified by the U.S. Senate on October 20, 1803, and the new land subsequently doubled the size of the United States and opened the door to a new period of westward
213:
was to issue a special stamp for the anniversary, which was in his view deserving of a coin. Howard noted that a special stamp in the hands of the public would be put on an envelope, mailed, and thereafter be handled by people familiar with stamps, something not true for a commemorative coin. The
205:
issues remained at the Mint, and might be melted. Howard stated that commemorative half dollars cost more to produce than the ordinary sort, due to the smaller amounts coined. He offered the Mint's assistance in the production of a non-legal tender medal, that could be authorized by
Congress but
167:
on March 3, 1953. Curtis spoke briefly before yielding to Boggs, a former member of the committee; before those present got down to business, there were reminiscences by Boggs and joking exchanges with members of the committee. Then, Boggs addressed the committee on the history of the Louisiana
242:
of Michigan, the chairman. It proposed amendments to the Boggs bill, allowing both the Missouri and Louisiana groups to purchase coins at face value from the government for resale, as could any nonprofit group from a state that included Louisiana Purchase land, if authorized by the state's
335:, wrote in 2017, "What a shameāso much effort for nought. Yet the commemorative half program by that point was indeed getting bogged down and bloated, and something had to give." After Eisenhower's vetoes, no commemorative coins were authorized until 1981, when a bill for the
196:
bill in 1930, and had been adhered to by administrations of both parties. Howard told the committee that 250,000 gold dollars had been minted for the Louisiana Purchase centennial in 1903, but only 34,750 had been sold and the remainder melted, and that millions of the recent
168:
Purchase, stating that its great historic importance deserved the issuance of a coin. William H. Semsrott, president of the Associated Retailers of St. Louis, a trade association, who was a director of the Missouri Historical Society, spoke next, followed by retired admiral
63:
Eisenhower vetoed the bill, as well as two other commemorative coin bills, on February 3, 1954. Congress made no attempt to override his vetoes. No commemorative coins were authorized or issued by the United States after 1954 until a new issue was struck in 1982.
258:
of Maryland reported back to the Senate on behalf of the Banking Committee on July 30, recommending passage. The bill called for the issuance of a maximum of 2,500,000 half dollars. Beall noted the Treasury Department objections, and stated,
172:, representing the Louisiana commission celebrating the sesquicentennial. Both urged the passage of a bill for commemorative coins. Semsrott told of the upcoming commemorations in St. Louis; Ryan mentioned an observance held during the
218:
to consider the bill. On the evening of March 3, Semsrott sent a telegram to Newman, noting that the atmosphere of the hearing had been cordial, "but opposition from Treasury and Mint was very strong which in itself may defeat us".
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testified in opposition to the bills, stating he did not doubt the importance of the commemoration, but it was Treasury Department policy to oppose commemorative coin bills. He noted that this policy went back to before President
154:
but who planned to try again in January 1953. Both congressmen introduced bills in early 1953, and agreed to work together to get a coin bill through Congress; their states' groups were urged to work together as well.
125:
Nearing the 150th anniversary of the Louisiana Purchase, unrelated attempts began by groups in Missouri and in Louisiana to get a commemorative half dollar authorized for that sesquicentennial. On April 24, 1952,
60:. The House passed the bill in April 1953, but the Senate was slow to act, passing it in January 1954, and after the House concurred with the Senate amendments, the bill was sent to Eisenhower later that month.
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was passed with Treasury support, to be issued the following year. These coins were sold by the government, not issued to a private group at face value for resale at a profit.
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As the two houses had passed versions of the bill that were not identical, it returned to the House of Representatives, where on January 21, 1954, Wolcott called up the bill.
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41:(MHS) and the Louisiana Purchase 150th Anniversary Association of New Orleans, who hoped to be able to buy the entire coin issue from the government and sell it at a profit.
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of Ohio, had recently died. Curtis replied that his plan had been to use Taft, but that he had almost gotten the bill passed through the efforts of Senator
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113:. In 1939, Congress put an end to commemoratives for the time being, ordering an end to the multi-year series, such as the Oregon Trail issue. President
97:, which would become known as the St. Louis World Fair of 1904. Of the $ 5 million paid to the fair by the government, $ 250,000 was in the form of
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146:, the Republican congressman for Missouri's 12th district. The MHS had learned of similar efforts by Louisianans, with a bill introduced by Congressman
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In September, Newman wrote to Curtis asking if there was any hope of getting the bill through, especially since Curtis' chief ally in the Senate,
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latter bills had originated in the Senate. On January 25, the enrolled Louisiana bill was signed by the Speaker of the House,
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United States House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Currency, Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs (May 20, 1963).
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of California on January 12, 1954, following that body passing bills for coins honoring New York City and
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Efforts to reach an agreement between the two state societies had continued, and on March 20,
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of Missouri, who helped push the bill forward with officials of the Louisiana group, such as
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29:, legislation for which passed both houses of Congress, but was vetoed in 1954 by President
1209:
United States House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Currency (March 10, 1953).
109:, first struck in 1926, last struck in 1939. One such bill in 1938 was vetoed by President
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United States House of Representatives Committee on Banking and Currency (March 3, 1953).
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The Encyclopedia of United States Silver & Gold Commemorative Coins, 1892 to 1954
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On March 10, 1953, the House Banking Committee issued a report bearing the name of
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Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: 1954 Dwight D. Eisenhower
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reluctantly signed bills for two issues in 1946, but later also vetoed two.
53:
960:. Washington, DC: General Printing Office. January 1960. pp. 236ā239.
180:
would be coming to New Orleans later in the year to join the festivities.
1245:
United States Senate Committee on Banking and Currency (July 30, 1953).
226:
71:
1107:
Commemorative Coins of the United States: A Complete Encyclopedia
320:
1417:
1266:
163:
A hearing was held on the Boggs and Curtis bills before the
105:
all the coins, or issues continuing for years, such as the
150:, who had failed to get any action on his bill during the
48:
led the MHS's efforts, and corresponded with Congressman
311:; the bill was then presented to President Eisenhower.
276:
of Louisiana, it being sidetracked at the last minute.
1248:
Louisiana Purchase sesquicentennial commemorative coin
1212:
Louisiana Purchase sesquicentennial commemorative coin
1830:
641:"Telegram from William H. Semsrott to Eric P. Newman"
307:, and by the president of the Senate, Vice President
33:. Intended to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the
1390:
Northampton, Massachusetts Tercentennial half dollar
1781:
1720:
1642:
1581:
1494:
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1377:
1361:
1340:
1324:
1149:(second ed.). Racine, WI: Whitman Publishing.
1110:. Wolfeboro, NH: Bowers and Merena Galleries, Inc.
331:Wayne Homren, editor of the numismatic publication
1169:
1069:"Letter from Eric P. Newman to Thomas B. Curtis"
1048:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
891:"Letter from Eric P. Newman to Thomas B. Curtis"
870:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
811:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
790:"Letter from Eric P. Newman to Thomas B. Curtis"
575:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
554:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
533:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
512:"Letter from Thomas B. Curtis to Eric P. Newman"
478:"The Louisiana Purchase Half Dollar That Wasn't"
1402:Louisiana Purchase Sesquicentennial half dollar
1127:"Commemorative coinage enters a new golden age"
457:"Letter from Eric P. Newman to George H. Moore"
367:
337:George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar
261:
23:Louisiana Purchase Sesquicentennial half dollar
1429:
1278:
760:"Letter from Seymour Weiss to Eric P. Newman"
745:"Letter from Eric P. Newman to Seymour Weiss"
727:"Letter from Seymour Weiss to Eric P. Newman"
37:(1803), the coin was lobbied for by both the
8:
471:
469:
80:(in white) doubled the land area of the U.S.
295:on the coin, as it left St. Louis in 1804.
254:is fixed and most powerful." Nevertheless,
1766:America the Beautiful silver bullion coins
1436:
1422:
1414:
1396:City of New York Tercentennial half dollar
1285:
1271:
1263:
1230:Commemorative Medals and Coins Legislation
1014:"Vetoes by President Dwight D. Eisenhower"
626:
614:
602:
590:
439:
427:
209:Boggs spoke in rebuttal, stating that the
206:would not cause confusion in the coinage.
1348:Booker T. Washington Memorial half dollar
1332:Booker T. Washington Memorial half dollar
1306:United States commemorative coins (1950s)
772:
712:"Letter from Clay Shaw to Eric P. Newman"
415:
391:
199:Booker T. Washington Memorial half dollar
16:Proposed United States commemorative coin
1253:United States Government Printing Office
1235:United States Government Printing Office
1217:United States Government Printing Office
1199:United States Government Printing Office
668:
656:
279:The bill was called up in the Senate by
1889:Early United States commemorative coins
1837:
348:
1772:American Liberty high relief gold coin
1194:Coin to commemorate Louisiana Purchase
982:"President vetoes commemorative bills"
639:Semsrott, William H. (March 3, 1953).
214:committee adjourned, to meet again in
7:
355:
165:House Banking and Currency Committee
1147:United States Commemorative Coinage
488:from the original on August 4, 2019
484:. Numismatic Bibliomania Society.
403:
379:
14:
107:Oregon Trail Memorial half dollar
1864:
1852:
1840:
1084:
1024:from the original on May 5, 2019
994:from the original on May 5, 2019
758:Weiss, Seymour (June 16, 1953).
725:Weiss, Seymour (April 8, 1953).
319:On February 3, 1954, Eisenhower
27:United States commemorative coin
1135:American Numismatic Association
1125:Ganz, David L. (October 1991).
183:Assistant Director of the Mint
176:in January, and that President
99:commemorative gold dollar coins
93:signed a bill to subsidize the
89:expansion. In 1902, President
1:
1385:Carver-Washington half dollar
1369:Carver-Washington half dollar
1353:Carver-Washington half dollar
1176:. New York: Arco Publishing.
203:Carver-Washington half dollar
95:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
1445:Coinage of the United States
194:Gadsden Purchase half dollar
1145:Slabaugh, Arlie R. (1975).
1074:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
1053:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
896:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
875:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
816:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
795:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
762:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
747:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
729:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
714:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
646:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
580:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
559:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
538:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
517:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
462:. Newman Numismatic Portal.
136:Missouri Historical Society
39:Missouri Historical Society
1910:
293:Lewis and Clark Expedition
285:Northampton, Massachusetts
914:Vol. 100, Page
1258:(subscription required)
1240:(subscription required)
1222:(subscription required)
1204:(subscription required)
1140:(subscription required)
990:: 253ā254. March 1954.
121:Origins and development
936:Vol. 100, pp. 673, 762
868:(September 28, 1953).
809:(September 28, 1953).
788:(September 23, 1953).
693:July 11, 2019, at the
289:Charles van Ravenswaay
266:
235:
211:Post Office Department
134:and a director of the
81:
1087:, pp. 1552ā1555.
1067:(February 15, 1954).
1046:(February 10, 1954).
853:Vol. 100, pp. 188ā189
834:Vol. 100, pp. 160ā163
573:(February 19, 1953).
230:
111:Franklin D. Roosevelt
75:
1815:(1976, 1992āpresent)
1018:United States Senate
941:May 5, 2019, at the
931:Congressional Record
910:Congressional Record
889:(January 19, 1954).
848:Congressional Record
829:Congressional Record
683:Congressional Record
552:(February 4, 1953).
531:(January 21, 1953).
305:Joseph W. Martin Jr.
178:Dwight D. Eisenhower
1754:First Spouse (gold)
510:(October 1, 1952).
406:, pp. 27, 431.
368:Swiatek & Breen
223:Passage by Congress
1894:Louisiana Purchase
1164:Swiatek, Anthony;
945:(January 25, 1954)
918:(January 21, 1954)
855:(January 12, 1954)
836:(January 12, 1954)
743:(April 13, 1953).
710:(March 20, 1953).
455:(April 24, 1952).
236:
91:Theodore Roosevelt
86:Louisiana Purchase
82:
78:Louisiana Purchase
35:Louisiana Purchase
1828:
1827:
1756:(2007ā2016; 2020)
1411:
1410:
1183:978-0-668-04765-4
1156:978-0-307-09377-6
1117:978-0-943161-35-8
1044:Curtis, Thomas B.
967:978-1-62376-828-7
866:Curtis, Thomas B.
807:Curtis, Thomas B.
688:Vol. 100, p. 3015
629:, pp. 22ā28.
617:, pp. 13ā21.
571:Curtis, Thomas B.
550:Curtis, Thomas B.
529:Curtis, Thomas B.
508:Curtis, Thomas B.
476:Augsburger, Len.
394:, pp. 57ā58.
382:, pp. 24ā27.
216:executive session
31:Dwight Eisenhower
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309:Richard M. Nixon
281:William Knowland
240:Jesse P. Wolcott
233:Thomas B. Curtis
185:F. Leland Howard
144:Thomas B. Curtis
138:(MHS), wrote to
58:F. Leland Howard
50:Thomas B. Curtis
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398:
390:
386:
378:
374:
366:
362:
354:
350:
345:
317:
225:
161:
140:George H. Moore
123:
115:Harry S. Truman
70:
25:was a proposed
17:
12:
11:
5:
1907:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1881:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1861:
1849:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1804:
1798:
1797:(1947āpresent)
1792:
1791:(1936āpresent)
1785:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1774:(2015āpresent)
1769:
1763:
1762:(2017āpresent)
1757:
1751:
1750:(2006āpresent)
1745:
1744:(1997āpresent)
1742:Platinum Eagle
1739:
1738:(1986āpresent)
1733:
1732:(1986āpresent)
1726:
1724:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
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1640:
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1535:
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1525:
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1498:
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1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1449:
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1441:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1418:
1409:
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1406:
1405:
1399:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1356:
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1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1322:
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1308:
1303:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1242:
1224:
1206:
1188:
1182:
1161:
1155:
1142:
1122:
1116:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1056:
1035:
1005:
973:
966:
947:
921:
899:
878:
857:
838:
819:
798:
777:
765:
750:
732:
717:
699:
673:
661:
649:
631:
627:House hearings
619:
615:House hearings
607:
603:House hearings
595:
591:House hearings
583:
562:
541:
520:
499:
465:
444:
440:House hearings
432:
428:House hearings
420:
408:
396:
384:
372:
370:, p. 120.
360:
347:
346:
344:
341:
316:
313:
270:Robert A. Taft
256:J. Glenn Beall
224:
221:
170:Thomas J. Ryan
160:
157:
122:
119:
69:
66:
46:Eric P. Newman
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1906:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1847:United States
1838:
1834:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
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1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1644:Commemorative
1641:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1594:
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1502:
1501:
1499:
1497:
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1487:
1484:
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1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
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1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1236:
1232:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1166:Breen, Walter
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1060:
1057:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1006:
993:
989:
988:
983:
977:
974:
969:
963:
959:
958:
951:
948:
944:
940:
937:
933:
932:
925:
922:
917:
913:
911:
903:
900:
892:
888:
882:
879:
871:
867:
861:
858:
854:
850:
849:
842:
839:
835:
831:
830:
823:
820:
812:
808:
802:
799:
791:
787:
781:
778:
774:
773:Senate report
769:
766:
761:
754:
751:
746:
742:
736:
733:
728:
721:
718:
713:
709:
703:
700:
696:
692:
689:
685:
684:
677:
674:
670:
665:
662:
658:
653:
650:
642:
635:
632:
628:
623:
620:
616:
611:
608:
604:
599:
596:
592:
587:
584:
576:
572:
566:
563:
555:
551:
545:
542:
534:
530:
524:
521:
513:
509:
503:
500:
487:
483:
479:
472:
470:
466:
458:
454:
448:
445:
441:
436:
433:
430:, p. 20.
429:
424:
421:
418:, p. 57.
417:
416:1963 hearings
412:
409:
405:
400:
397:
393:
392:1963 hearings
388:
385:
381:
376:
373:
369:
364:
361:
358:, p. 23.
357:
352:
349:
342:
340:
338:
334:
329:
325:
322:
314:
312:
310:
306:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
271:
265:
260:
257:
251:
249:
244:
241:
234:
229:
222:
220:
217:
212:
207:
204:
200:
195:
191:
186:
181:
179:
175:
171:
166:
158:
156:
153:
152:82nd Congress
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
120:
118:
116:
112:
108:
102:
100:
96:
92:
87:
79:
74:
67:
65:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
1876:
1819:Prestige Set
1807:Souvenir Set
1782:Special sets
1748:Gold Buffalo
1730:Silver Eagle
1401:
1247:
1229:
1211:
1193:
1171:
1146:
1137:: 1550ā1557.
1130:
1106:
1080:
1059:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1008:
996:. Retrieved
985:
976:
956:
950:
929:
924:
908:
902:
881:
860:
846:
841:
827:
822:
801:
780:
768:
753:
735:
720:
702:
681:
676:
669:House report
664:
657:House report
652:
634:
622:
610:
598:
586:
565:
544:
523:
502:
490:. Retrieved
481:
447:
442:, p. 2.
435:
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
332:
330:
326:
318:
300:Jacob Javits
297:
278:
274:Russell Long
267:
262:
252:
245:
237:
231:Congressman
208:
192:veto of the
182:
162:
124:
103:
83:
62:
44:Numismatist
43:
22:
20:
18:
1871:Numismatics
1821:(1983ā1997)
1809:(1972ā1998)
1803:(1964ā1967)
1768:(2010ā2021)
1614:3Ā¢ (bronze)
1591:2Ā¢ (billon)
1538:5Ā¢ (silver)
1533:3Ā¢ (nickel)
1528:3Ā¢ (silver)
1453:Circulating
333:The E-Sylum
132:numismatist
128:Eric Newman
1883:Categories
1736:Gold Eagle
1548:$ 1 (gold)
907:1954
708:Shaw, Clay
343:References
174:Sugar Bowl
148:Hale Boggs
68:Background
1789:Proof Set
1362:1952ā1953
248:Clay Shaw
54:Clay Shaw
1795:Mint Set
1583:Canceled
1496:Obsolete
1404:(vetoed)
1398:(vetoed)
1392:(vetoed)
1168:(1981).
1104:(1992).
1022:Archived
992:Archived
939:Archived
691:Archived
486:Archived
356:Slabaugh
190:Hoover's
1833:Portals
1722:Bullion
1604:⁄
1508:⁄
1095:Sources
916:607ā608
482:E-Sylum
159:Hearing
1180:
1153:
1114:
1028:May 5,
998:May 5,
964:
492:May 4,
404:Bowers
380:Bowers
321:vetoed
1859:Money
1712:2020s
1707:2010s
1702:2000s
1697:1990s
1692:1980s
1687:1970s
1682:1950s
1677:1940s
1672:1930s
1667:1920s
1662:1910s
1657:1900s
1652:1800s
1634:$ 100
1553:$ 2.5
1300:1940s
1072:(pdf)
1051:(pdf)
928:1954
894:(pdf)
873:(pdf)
845:1954
826:1954
814:(pdf)
793:(pdf)
680:1953
644:(pdf)
578:(pdf)
557:(pdf)
536:(pdf)
515:(pdf)
460:(pdf)
1629:$ 50
1573:$ 20
1568:$ 10
1378:1954
1341:1951
1325:1950
1178:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1112:ISBN
1085:Ganz
1030:2019
1000:2019
962:ISBN
494:2019
315:Veto
201:and
130:, a
84:The
76:The
21:The
1624:$ 4
1619:$ 2
1563:$ 5
1558:$ 3
1543:20Ā¢
1486:$ 1
1481:50Ā¢
1476:25Ā¢
1471:10Ā¢
1885::
1523:2Ā¢
1466:5Ā¢
1461:1Ā¢
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1233:.
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468:^
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1159:.
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1002:.
970:.
496:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
