49:
394:
191:
1043:
216:
258:
382:
449:) over the control of Iran. Artabanus V was eventually defeated and killed, and Gushnasp was made a Sasanian vassal. Gilan, which was never fully incorporated into the Sasanian Empire, still posed a problem for the Sasanians, as Ardashir's son and successor
1093:
365:
479:), claiming himself as the rightful ruler of the empire due to being the elder brother. He was defeated and executed the following year. In the 550s, Karin, a member of the
48:
346:
The province functioned as some kind of vassal kingdom, being mostly ruled by princes from different royal families, who bore the title of
Padashwargarshah ("
817:
1073:
460:) had to make an expedition into the region in 242/3. The dynasty of Gushnasp continued to rule Padishkhwargar until c. 520, when the Sasanian prince
1078:
848:
786:
714:
693:
516:
749:
421:
During the rise of the
Sasanian dynasty, Padishkhwargar was ruled by a certain Gushnasp, who aided his suzerain the Parthian ruler
810:
536:
1042:
244:
230:
926:
1007:
1088:
803:
931:
890:
393:
1027:
967:
402:
997:
910:
563:, who had intermingled. The non-Iranian tribes of Amariacae and Dribices that lived from the range of Amol to
884:
422:
706:
Decline and Fall of the
Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
81:
1083:
312:
568:
1017:
941:
782:
774:
745:
710:
689:
681:
540:
488:
332:
223:
112:
905:
858:
544:
91:
915:
827:
770:
398:
304:
209:
196:
134:
86:
397:
Silver gilt dish from
Padishkhwargar, 7th–8th centuries. A tradition initiated under the
1032:
972:
878:
735:
520:
500:
480:
414:
410:
373:
316:
308:
251:
108:
96:
1067:
795:
725:
524:
340:
116:
69:
760:
739:
704:
936:
843:
560:
552:
320:
779:
The
Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (1)
686:
The
Cambridge History of Iran: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian periods (2)
539:
as mercenaries, but never fully came under their suzerainty. They both spoke a
952:
920:
853:
512:
465:
464:
was made the new ruler of the province. After returning from an expedition in
439:
369:
360:
237:
368:
the province is called
Parishwar, whilst Islamic sources refer the region as
868:
863:
838:
528:
469:
324:
54:
759:
Madelung, Wilferd (2001). "GĪLĀN iv. History in the Early
Islamic Period".
17:
1022:
982:
962:
900:
895:
532:
450:
328:
535:." They were often associated with each other, and regularly served the
1002:
987:
548:
381:
1012:
977:
957:
946:
564:
556:
508:
504:
682:"Geographical and Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy"
567:, had most likely been assimilated by the Iranians into a prevalent
873:
597:
595:
461:
392:
287:
484:
468:, Kawus rebelled in c. 532 against his recently crowned brother
434:
347:
336:
65:
799:
648:
646:
311:, which almost corresponded to the present-day provinces of
781:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–181.
688:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 747–778.
724:
Madelung, Wilferd; Felix, Wolfgang (1995). "DEYLAMITES".
555:
into the mountains. Mazandaran was populated by the
531:, they "lived by the rule laid down by the mythical
775:"The political history of Iran under the Sasanians"
154:
144:
130:
122:
104:
75:
61:
32:
515:, who were most likely adherents of some form of
432:) in his struggle with the first Sasanian king (
741:Sasanian Persia: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
499:The western portion of Padishkhwargar included
366:Shapur I's inscription at the Ka'ba-ye Zartosht
335:in south. The main cities of the province were
279: Gushnasp becomes a Sasanian vassal in 224.
1094:States and territories established in the 220s
811:
601:
8:
625:
551:, who had mixed with Gilaks, lived from the
818:
804:
796:
47:
29:
727:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. BII, Fasc. 4
652:
286: End of the Gushnaspid line in 520;
664:
637:
586:
579:
274:
762:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6
153:
143:
139:
7:
709:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
613:
543:that was mostly unintelligible with
27:Sasanian province in Late Antiquity
1053:* indicates short living provinces
25:
358:The name "Padishkhwargar" is the
1074:Provinces of the Sasanian Empire
1041:
519:, while a minority of them were
487:by Khosrow I, thus starting the
483:, received land to the south of
413:, next to the reclining figure.
380:
256:
242:
228:
214:
189:
703:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
474:
455:
444:
427:
53:Map of northern Iran under the
1079:History of Mazandaran province
744:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 1–240.
1:
680:Brunner, Christopher (1983).
507:, which was populated by the
1110:
891:Garamig ud Nodardashiragan
364:variation of its name. On
1050:
1039:
834:
602:Madelung & Felix 1995
272:
168:
164:
140:
46:
39:
541:northern Iranian dialect
401:and continued after the
319:. The province bordered
885:Eran-Khwarrah-Yazdegerd
282:
275:
418:
290:appointed as governor.
156:• Disestablished
396:
372:, which derives from
350:of Padishkhwargar").
76:Common languages
765:. pp. 634–635.
730:. pp. 342–347.
655:, pp. 634–635.
604:, pp. 342–347.
146:• Established
1089:224 establishments
419:
1059:
1058:
826:Provinces of the
788:978-0-521-24693-4
716:978-1-84511-645-3
695:978-0-521-24693-4
640:, pp. 40–41.
626:Pourshariati 2008
537:Sasanian military
489:Qarinvand dynasty
331:in the east, and
298:
297:
268:
267:
264:
263:
224:Qarinvand dynasty
202:
201:
16:(Redirected from
1101:
1054:
1045:
820:
813:
806:
797:
792:
771:Frye, Richard N.
766:
755:
731:
720:
699:
668:
662:
656:
650:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
611:
605:
599:
590:
584:
517:Iranian paganism
478:
476:
459:
457:
448:
446:
431:
429:
384:
291:
280:
260:
259:
246:
245:
232:
231:
218:
217:
206:
205:
193:
192:
186:
185:
170:
169:
113:Iranian paganism
51:
30:
21:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1037:
983:Nodardashiragan
830:
828:Sasanian Empire
824:
789:
769:
758:
752:
736:Daryaee, Touraj
734:
723:
717:
702:
696:
679:
676:
671:
663:
659:
651:
644:
636:
632:
624:
620:
612:
608:
600:
593:
585:
581:
577:
527:. According to
497:
473:
454:
443:
426:
409:inscription in
399:Sasanian Empire
391:
356:
294:
283:
276:
257:
243:
229:
215:
210:Dabuyid dynasty
197:Parthian Empire
190:
157:
147:
115:
111:
68:
57:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
993:Padishkhwargar
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
882:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
835:
832:
831:
825:
823:
822:
815:
808:
800:
794:
793:
787:
767:
756:
751:978-0857716668
750:
732:
721:
715:
700:
694:
675:
672:
670:
669:
667:, p. 766.
657:
642:
630:
628:, p. 288.
618:
616:, p. 125.
606:
591:
589:, p. 750.
578:
576:
573:
496:
493:
481:House of Karen
477: 531–579
458: 240–270
447: 224–242
430: 213–224
415:British Museum
411:Pahlavi script
403:Arab invasions
390:
387:
374:Middle Persian
355:
352:
309:Late Antiquity
301:Padishkhwārgar
296:
295:
293:
292:
281:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
262:
261:
254:
252:Bavand dynasty
248:
247:
240:
234:
233:
226:
220:
219:
212:
203:
200:
199:
194:
182:
181:
176:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
132:
131:Historical era
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
109:Zoroastrianism
106:
102:
101:
100:
99:
97:Middle Persian
94:
89:
84:
77:
73:
72:
63:
59:
58:
52:
44:
43:
37:
36:
34:Padishkhwargar
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1106:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1062:
1049:
1044:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
836:
833:
829:
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
801:
798:
790:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
757:
753:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
728:
722:
718:
712:
708:
707:
701:
697:
691:
687:
683:
678:
677:
673:
666:
661:
658:
654:
653:Madelung 2001
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
631:
627:
622:
619:
615:
610:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
583:
580:
574:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
553:Caspian coast
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
471:
467:
463:
452:
441:
437:
436:
424:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
388:
386:
383:
378:
375:
371:
367:
363:
362:
353:
351:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:in the west,
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
289:
285:
278:
271:
255:
253:
250:
249:
241:
239:
236:
235:
227:
225:
222:
221:
213:
211:
208:
207:
204:
198:
195:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
167:
163:
159:
149:
136:
133:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
38:
31:
19:
1061:
992:
778:
761:
740:
726:
705:
685:
665:Brunner 1983
660:
638:Daryaee 2008
633:
621:
609:
587:Brunner 1983
582:
571:population.
498:
433:
420:
406:
376:
359:
357:
345:
307:province in
300:
299:
284:
277:
179:Succeeded by
178:
173:
117:Christianity
937:Kushanshahr
844:Adurbadagan
569:Mazandarani
561:Tapur tribe
521:Zoroastrian
423:Artabanus V
321:Adurbadagan
174:Preceded by
82:Mazandarani
18:Pâtišuvariš
1084:Tabaristan
1068:Categories
953:Machelonia
921:Kadagistan
854:Arbayistan
575:References
513:Daylamites
495:Population
466:Zabulistan
440:Ardashir I
370:Tabaristan
361:Bundahishn
313:Mazandaran
238:Zarmihrids
123:Government
927:Khuzistan
869:Balasagan
864:Asoristan
839:Abarshahr
614:Frye 1983
529:al-Biruni
525:Christian
470:Khosrow I
407:"Anuzhad"
377:Tapurstān
325:Balasagan
135:Antiquity
105:Religion
55:Sasanians
42:520 – 651
40:224 – 520
1023:Suristan
1008:Sakastan
942:Khwarazm
896:Garmekan
874:Dihistan
773:(1983).
738:(2008).
451:Shapur I
305:Sasanian
126:Monarchy
1003:Parthia
988:Paradan
958:Makuran
859:Armenia
849:Albania
674:Sources
549:Cadusii
545:Persian
533:Afridun
389:History
92:Daylami
62:Capital
1018:Spahan
1013:Sogdia
978:Meshan
947:Lazica
932:Kirman
916:Iberia
901:Gurgan
785:
748:
713:
692:
565:Gurgan
557:Amardi
547:. The
509:Gilaks
505:Daylam
341:Chalus
333:Spahan
329:Gurgan
303:was a
87:Gilaki
70:Chalus
1033:Yemen
1028:Turan
973:Media
968:Mazun
906:Harev
879:Egypt
501:Gilan
462:Kawus
317:Gilan
288:Kawus
998:Pars
963:Marw
911:Hind
783:ISBN
746:ISBN
711:ISBN
690:ISBN
559:and
523:and
511:and
503:and
485:Amol
435:shah
354:Name
348:Shah
339:and
337:Amol
323:and
315:and
66:Amol
385:).
160:651
150:224
1070::
777:.
684:.
645:^
594:^
491:.
475:r.
456:r.
445:r.
438:)
428:r.
405:.
343:.
949:*
923:*
887:*
881:*
819:e
812:t
805:v
791:.
754:.
719:.
698:.
472:(
453:(
442:(
425:(
417:.
379:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
