315:
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398:"The sea journey was very unlucky, although now that it is over, it does amuse me. We had a bit of a storm and had to work our way through black and foam-white waves. Everybody got ill; Mrs. BĂĽlow thought we were going to founder, and I - You know I have no trace of valour - I lay wrapped in a blanket on the deck, staring with a pale face at the grey skies that emptied themselves over us. - At last the captain announced that we would have to stay out at sea the entire night; a comforting outlook. Only the following morning did we arrive at Koster, where everything was in a state of commotion, because the King was due to arrive."
53:
32:
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spent the winter at
Rotterdam, and more machine parts were delivered from England for installation. In the spring of 1818, the sidewheeler was back on the Thames, and James Watt Junior continued his experiments, among other things varying the number of paddles on each wheel. While this was happening,
357:
made 14 round trips in 1819 and 22 in 1820. The low number in 1819 was partly due to lack of passengers - there was a lot of mistrust against the use of steam - so every other week the ship stayed in
Copenhagen and small excursions were sailed from the city. This provided more passengers, especially
689:
In Danish: "afgaaer fra Kjøbenhavn til Kiel hver
Tirsdag morgen Kl. 5 præcise og anløber paa denne Tour (saavel for at modtage som landsætte Passagerer) Costers Færgested paa Møen Kl. 2 om Eftermiddagen, Gaabense Færgested paa Falster Kl. 4 om Eftermiddagen, Banholm i Lolland Kl. 6 om Eftermiddagen
403:
The ship was fitted with tarpaulins fore and aft, giving cover to the passengers. Below deck there was a special cabin for ladies, a larger cabin for other passengers and a pantry where the heat from the engines was used for cooking. Extra payment would give access to one of eight cabins, where
407:
The satirical magazines wrote about the
Caledonia sickness, which was due to the fact that the steam driven ship did not have sails to catch the wind and stabilise the movement in the water, and popular slang named the vessel "Plaske-Marlene (Splashing Marlene)".
425:
to Kiel was completed. The paddle-steamer was still used occasionally, and could be found in the advertised itiniaries until 1834, but after that she went unmentioned until Hvidt informed the authorities that she had been scrapped - in either 1841 or 1843.
131:
built in
Scotland in 1815. The ship was bought by a Danish businessman in 1819 and it became the first steamship registered in Denmark. It spent most of its active years in Denmark operating between the cities of
264:
in
November 1817. It had, however, been necessary to use draft horses on the final part, and when the owners asked the Kingdom of Prussia for a concession for a regular service, their request was refused.
314:
282:(then a part of the Danish Monarchy). There were two other applicants for the concession, but both withdrew, and in October 1818 Bille's concession was confirmed. He wanted to buy
365:
270:
the Danish solicitor, and later diplomat, Steen
Andersen Bille (1781-1860), had petitioned the Danish King for the exclusive concession for a steamship connection between
175:
at the time and only one of the earlier ships had used the system with two engines. The registration papers from July 1816 listed a number of owners, cooperating via the
832:
430:
proved to be an excellent investment for L.N. Hvidt. The museum director Knud Klem went through the books and established that Hvidt made around 43,000 Danish
329:
The ship's arrival at
Copenhagen in May 1819 attracted considerable attention. The owners started advertising at once, and an 1819 advertisement said, that
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departs
Copenhagen for Kiel every Tuesday morning at precisely 5 and calls in (to receive or embark passengers) at Coster's Ferrypoint on
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701:
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spent every Sunday in
Copenhagen and used the day for scheduled pleasure cruises on the Sound. Detail from an 1824 painting by
827:
389:, who set out on June 30, 1829 from Copenhagen to Møn. In a letter to Edvard Collin he gave an account of the journey with
236:. Watts and Boulton gradually replaced the machinery with their own products, and in order to test the endurance they took
442:
416:
521:
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after the King and Queen had tried it. In January 1822, Steen Bille sold the ship and the concession to the merchant
187:. The sources describing the vessel differ somewhat, especially regarding her size, engines and speed. In July 1816,
741:
159:. She had two steam engines, supplied by the Greenhead Foundry Company in Glasgow. The combined engine power was 36
585:
Annals of Glasgow, comprising an account of the public buildings, charities, and the rise and progress of the city
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386:
421:. The importance of the Copenhagen-Kiel connection was further enhanced in 1832, when the railroad from
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at 6 in the afternoon and is then expected to arrive at Kiel on Wednesday morning at 8.
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Spells of bad weather would jeopardise the timetable. That happened for instance to
17:
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Paul Bell spells the machinery purveyor "Cook and Henry Bell" and also gives 28 HP.
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152:
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Knud Klem stated that the machinery was from "Cook and Henry Bill", giving 28 HP.
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This is the primary source, listing the first 20 steamships built on the Clyde (
303:
222:). The new owners worked together as second generation of the engine factory of
184:
172:
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in London) took care of the purchase. Steen Bille's brother, the naval officer
271:
229:
211:
133:
588:. Vol. II. Glasgow: J. Hedderwick for Glasgow Royal Infirmary. pp.
583:
471:(in Danish). Årgang 28. Selskabet Handels- og Søfartsmuseets Venner: 136–140
241:
369:
Steamships were very rare in Denmark in the 1820s, so it is most certainly
501:(in Danish). Årgang 46. Selskabet Handels- og Søfartsmuseets Venner: 5–21
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790:(in Danish). Årgang 28. Selskabet Handels- og Søfartsmuseets Venner: 140
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is no. 13). Machine builder and specifications are taken from here.
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245:
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Specification of ownership and first service are taken from here.
275:
195:, where the vessel was employed on a service between London and
137:
616:"Schon 1816: Die Defiance, das erste Dampfschiff auf dem Rhein"
228:
and they had plans to add ship engines to their production in
167:. The original speed of the ship was between 6 and 8 knots.
669:(in Danish). Esbjerg: Fiskerimuseets Forlag. pp. 6–7.
641:"13. November 1817: Das erste Dampfschiff erreicht Koblenz"
353:" The route was only operated during the summer season and
694:
Planmæssig ankomst. Danske dampskibe indtil 1870, bind I
667:
Planmæssig ankomst. Danske dampskibe indtil 1870, bind I
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was launched on 27 April 1815 at John Wood & Co. in
286:, but at the time he worked as an administrator in the
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og antages at ankomme til Kiel Onsdag morgen Kl. 8."
290:, so the bankers Hambro and Son in Copenhagen (later
183:
was initially used on the route between Glasgow and
717:Letter no. 51. From H.C. Andersen to Edvard Collin
191:embarked on the long journey from Glasgow to the
696:. Esbjerg: Fiskerimuseets Forlag. pp. 8–9.
728:"Ildskibet i Bomløbet", Jyllandsposten, 1. maj
339:at 2 in the afternoon, Gaabense Ferrypoint on
788:Årbog / Handels- og Søfartsmuseet på Kronborg
499:Årbog / Handels- og Søfartsmuseet på Kronborg
469:Årbog / Handels- og Søfartsmuseet på Kronborg
8:
810:Museet for Søfart (Danish Maritime Museum)
522:"P.S. Caledonia: Denmark's first steamship"
298:travelled to England, where he took over
404:passengers could sleep during the trip.
452:
163:, corresponding to between 100 and 180
26:
833:Paddle steamers of the United Kingdom
171:was the largest steamer built on the
49:
7:
415:was replaced in 1830 by the larger
302:and led the ship to Denmark by the
754:"Enkeltskibsoplysninger Caledonia"
692:Munchaus Petersen, Holger (1983).
665:Munchaus Petersen, Holger (1983).
377:and Møn, in this 1829 painting by
25:
740:Kieler Erinnerungstag: 24. April
645:stadtarchivkoblenz.wordpress.com
51:
39:under Danish registry after 1819
30:
538:10.1080/00253359.1994.10656484
1:
443:List of steamships of Denmark
411:After 12 seasons of service,
620:rhein-magazin-duesseldorf.de
177:Caledonia Steam Boat Company
814:. Search for H/S Caledonia.
719:, July 18, 1829 (in Danish)
854:
140:. Broken up around 1843.
81:
44:
29:
520:Bellamy, Martin (1994).
216:Matthew Robinson Boulton
210:(nephew of the inventor
582:Cleland, James (1816).
387:Hans Christian Andersen
343:at 4 in the afternoon,
116:13 ft (4.0 m)
82:General characteristics
401:
382:
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144:Under British registry
108:86 ft (26 m)
828:Steamships of Denmark
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373:in the sound between
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360:Lauritz Nicolai Hvidt
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310:Under Danish registry
526:The Mariner's Mirror
18:P/S Caledonia (1815)
779:Klem, Knud (1969).
742:kiel.de (in German)
490:Bell, Paul (1987).
460:Klem, Knud (1969).
418:Frederik den Sjette
252:had gone as far as
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327:
288:Danish West Indies
256:in June 1816, and
248:. The sidewheeler
781:"H/S "Caledonia""
492:"H/S "Caledonia""
462:"H/S "Caledonia""
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792:. Retrieved
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202:In May 1817
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165:indicated hp
153:Port Glasgow
148:
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123:
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97:Tons burthen
67:
36:
760:(in Danish)
647:(in German)
622:(in German)
558:"Caledonia"
304:Eider Canal
244:and up the
185:Helensburgh
838:1815 ships
822:Categories
794:2018-06-22
651:2018-06-21
626:2018-06-21
596:2018-06-21
567:2018-06-21
543:2021-04-26
505:2018-06-22
475:2018-06-22
448:References
434:from her.
272:Copenhagen
230:Birmingham
212:James Watt
161:nominal hp
134:Copenhagen
603:Caledonia
532:: 54–65.
432:rigsdaler
428:Caledonia
413:Caledonia
391:Caledonia
371:Caledonia
355:Caledonia
331:Caledonia
319:Caledonia
300:Caledonia
284:Caledonia
267:Caledonia
258:Caledonia
242:Rotterdam
238:Caledonia
204:Caledonia
189:Caledonia
181:Caledonia
169:Caledonia
149:Caledonia
124:Caledonia
68:Caledonia
37:Caledonia
764:June 22,
438:See also
280:Holstein
260:reached
250:Defiance
218:(son of
74:Launched
375:Zealand
349:Lolland
345:Banholm
341:Falster
262:Koblenz
254:Cologne
197:Margate
157:Glasgow
155:, near
45:History
700:
673:
423:Altona
214:) and
193:Thames
127:was a
105:Length
784:(PDF)
495:(PDF)
465:(PDF)
246:Rhine
173:Clyde
766:2018
698:ISBN
671:ISBN
592:–397
276:Kiel
274:and
138:Kiel
136:and
113:Beam
87:Type
64:Name
590:396
534:doi
347:on
337:Møn
278:in
232:at
100:102
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