Ptolemy V Epiphanes - Knowledge (XXG)

66: 1557:, whose mother-in-law had been arrested and publicly shamed by Agathocles. In October 203 BC, when Agathocles gathered the palace guard and army to hear a proclamation in advance of the royal coronation, the assembled troops began to insult him and he barely escaped alive. Shortly after this, Agathocles had Moeragenes, one of the royal bodyguards, arrested on suspicion of ties to Tlepolemus and had him stripped and tortured. He escaped and convinced the army to go into active revolt. After an altercation with Oenanthe (the mother of the regent and his sister) at the temple of Demeter, the Alexandrian women joined the revolt as well. Overnight, the populace besieged the palace calling for the king to be brought to them. The army entered at dawn and Agathocles offered to surrender. Ptolemy V, now about seven years old, was taken from Agathocles and presented to the people on horseback in the stadium. In response to the crowd's demands, 1983: 2166: 1806:. This decree praises Ptolemy V's benefactions for the people of Egypt, recounts his victory over the rebels at Lycopolis, and remits a number of taxes on the temples of Egypt. The decree has been interpreted as a reward for the priests' support of Ptolemy V against the rebels. Günther Hölbl instead interprets the decree as a sign of the priests' increased power. In his view, the priests asserted their right to the remission of taxes, aware that Ptolemy V was relying more heavily on their support than his predecessors had, and he had no choice but to concede. 1890:, in which Ankhmakis was denounced for rebellion and various other crimes against humanity and the gods. A month later, on 9 October 186 BC, Ptolemy V issued the 'Amnesty Decree', which required all fugitives and refugees to return to their homes and pardoned them for any crimes committed before September 186 BC (except temple robbery). This was intended to restore land to cultivation that had been abandoned during the prolonged period of warfare. To prevent further revolts in the south, a new military governorship of Upper Egypt, the 1479: 1574: 2143: 2069:, receiving the kingship from his dead father, whom he avenges by smiting the enemies of Egypt and restoring order. In honour of his benefactions, the priests awarded him religious honours modelled on those granted by the priestly synods to his father and grandfather: they agreed to erect a statue of Ptolemy V in the shrine of every temple in Egypt and to celebrate an annual festival on his birthday. 1540:, and by late 203 BC he and Philip V had made a secret agreement to divide the Ptolemaic territories between themselves. War with Antiochus III was expected - Agathocles had also sent an embassy under Scopas the Aetolian to hire mercenaries in Greece in preparation for a conflict, although Polybius claims that his true purpose was to replace the Ptolemaic troops with mercenaries loyal to him. 1760: 1584: 2088:, had pursued a wide-ranging policy of temple construction, designed to ensure the support of the priestly elite. Ptolemy V was not able to do this on the same scale as his predecessors. One reason for this was the more difficult financial circumstances of Egypt during his reign. Another was the loss of large sections of the country to the rebels - at the temple of 2198: 1201: 1115: 1069: 989: 915: 822: 777: 691: 1815: 282: 1401:

steadily reconquered the south of the country, bringing all of Upper Egypt back under Ptolemaic control in 186 BC. In his last years, Ptolemy V began manoeuvering for renewed warfare with the Seleucid empire, but these plans were cut short by his sudden death in 180 BC, allegedly poisoned by courtiers worried about the cost of the war.

2096:, for example, it had been planned that a large set of doors would be installed in 206 BC, but the rebellion meant that this did not actually take place until the late 180s. What construction was carried out under Ptolemy V was focussed in the northern part of the country, particularly the sanctuary of the Apis Bull and the temple of 2081:. This decree reinstated the honours for Arsinoe Philadelphus (Arsinoe II) and the Theoi Philopatores (Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III) in the temples of Upper Egypt, which had been abolished during Ankhmakis' revolt. It also granted Cleopatra I all the various honours that had been granted to Ptolemy V in the earlier decrees. 1841:

met with the Syrian king and, among other things, demanded that Antiochus III return everything he had conquered from Ptolemy V. However, Antiochus announced that he had already begun peace negotiations with Egypt and the Romans departed without achieving anything. Antiochus then concluded peace with

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An uncertain amount of time elapsed after the death of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III (perhaps a week) during which Sosibius and Agathocles kept their deaths secret. Some time before September 204 BC, the royal bodyguard and army officers were gathered at the royal palace and Sosibius announced the death

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Tlepolemus arrived in Alexandria immediately after these events and was appointed regent. He and Sosibius, son of Sosibius were also made Ptolemy V's legal guardians. Popular opinion soon turned against Tlepolemus, who was considered to spend too much time sparring and drinking with the soldiers and

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Like his predecessors, Ptolemy V assumed the traditional Egyptian role of pharaoh and the concomitant support for the Egyptian priestly elite. As under the two previous rulers, the symbiotic relationship between the king and the priestly elite was affirmed and articulated by the decrees of priestly

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These honours were augmented in the Philensis II decree passed in September 186 BC on the suppression of Ankhmakis' revolt. The priests undertook to erect another statue of Ptolemy V in the guise of 'Lord of Victory' in the sanctuary of every temple in Egypt alongside a statue of the main deity of

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Since the death of Ptolemy V's predecessor Arsinoe II, deceased Ptolemaic queens had been honoured with a separate dynastic cult of their own, including a separate priestess who marched in religious processions in Alexandria behind the priest of Alexander the Great and whose names also appeared in

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to recruit troops in case Antiochus III moved on to attack Egypt itself. Instead, Antiochus III spent 198 BC solidifying his conquest of Coele-Syria and Judea, which would never again return to Ptolemaic control. In 197 BC, Antiochus III turned on the Ptolemaic territories remaining in Asia Minor,

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The first of these decrees was the Memphis decree, passed on 27 March 196 BC, the day after Ptolemy V's coronation, in which the king is presented as the 'image of Horus, son of Isis and Osiris'. The decree's description of Ptolemy V's victory over the Lycopolis rebels and of his coronation draws

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led this reconquest. In 187 BC, Adikhalamani pulled out of Syene and abandoned his support for Ankhmakis. The priests who had supported Ankhmakis accompanied his troops back to Meroe. On 27 August 186 BC, Ankhmakis and his son led a last-ditch attack on Thebes, but were defeated by Comanus. This

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Agathocles and Agathoclea had already been unpopular before Ptolemy IV's death. This unpopularity was exacerbated by the widespread belief that they had been responsible for the death of Arsinoe III and a string of extrajudicial murders of prominent courtiers. Opposition crystallised around the

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Agathocles took a number of actions to solidify the new regime. Two months' pay were granted to the soldiers in Alexandria. Prominent aristocrats were dispatched overseas - to secure recognition of the succession from foreign powers and to prevent the aristocrats from challenging Agathocles for

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Ptolemy V was born in 210 BC, possibly on 9 October. He was made co-regent with his father shortly thereafter, probably on 30 November. In July or August of 204 BC, when Ptolemy V was five years old, his father and mother died in mysterious circumstances. It appears that there was a fire in the

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in 194/3 BC. This outraged the Romans, who had entered into hostilities with Antiochus III partially on Ptolemy V's behalf, and after their victory they distributed the old Ptolemaic territories in Asia Minor to Pergamum and Rhodes rather than returning them to Egypt. However, Ptolemaic forces

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Since his defeat by Ptolemy IV in the Fourth Syrian War in 217 BC, Antiochus III had been waiting for an opportunity to avenge himself. He had begun seizing Ptolemaic territory in western Asia Minor in 203 BC and made a pact with Philip V of Macedon to divide the Ptolemaic possessions between

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thought that this will was a forgery produced by Sosibius and Agathocles themselves and modern scholars tend to agree with him. Sosibius is not heard of again after this event and it is generally assumed that he died. Hölbl suggests that the loss of his acumen was fatal to the regency.

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Ptolemy V's reign saw greatly increased prominence of courtiers and the Egyptian priestly elite in Ptolemaic political life, a pattern that would continue for most of the rest of the kingdom's existence. It also marked the collapse of Ptolemaic power in the wider Mediterranean region.

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The rebels in Lower Egypt still continued to fight on. In 185 BC, the general Polycrates of Argos succeeded in suppressing the rebellion. He promised the leaders of the rebellion that they would be treated generously if they surrendered. Trusting this, they voluntarily went to

1846:. In winter of 194/193 BC, the sixteen-year old Ptolemy V married Cleopatra I, who was somewhere between 14 and 23 years old. Symbolically, Antiochus held the wedding that sealed his conquest of Coele-Syria at Raphia, the site of his great defeat at the hands of Ptolemy IV. 65: 2214:

Co-regent with Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II from 169 to 164 BC, expelled Ptolemy VI in 164, expelled in turn 163 BC, King of Cyrenaica from 163 to 145 BC, co-regent with Cleopatra II and Cleopatra III from 145 to 132 BC and again from 124 to 116 BC.

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writes that Ptolemy V's courtiers "thought that the kingdom would gain a certain degree of firmness and a fresh impulse towards prosperity, if it were known that the king had assumed the independent direction of the government." He was crowned in

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and invested themselves there. After a siege, the Ptolemaic forces regained control of the city. The rebel leaders were taken to Memphis and publicly executed on 26 March 196 BC, during the feast celebrating Ptolemy V's coronation as pharaoh.

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Ptolemy V married Cleopatra I, daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III, in 194 BC and they had three children, who would rule Egypt in various combinations and with a great deal of conflict for most of the rest of the second century BC.

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to have given too much money to embassies from the cities of mainland Greece. Ptolemy, son of Sosibius attempted to set his brother Sosibius up in opposition to Tlepolemus, but the plan was discovered and Sosibius was dismissed as guardian.

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in August 199 BC and regaining Thebes from late 199 BC until early 198 BC. The next year, however, a second group of rebels in the Nile Delta, who were linked to Ankhmakis in some way that is not entirely clear, captured the city of

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Co-regent and wife of Ptolemy VI from 170 to 145 BC, co-regent and spouse of Ptolemy VIII from 145 to 132 BC, claimed sole rule 132-127 BC, co-regent and spouse of Ptolemy VIII again from 124 to 115 BC, co-regent with her daughter

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Ptolemy V died suddenly in September 180 BC, not yet thirty years old. The ancient historians allege that he was poisoned by his courtiers, who believed that he intended to seize their property in order to fund his new Syrian war.

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Numbering the Ptolemies is a modern convention. Older sources may give a number one higher or lower. The most reliable way of determining which Ptolemy is being referred to in any given case is by epithet (e.g. "Philopator").

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and proposed further action against the Seleucids with Ptolemaic support, but the ambassadors were simply thanked for the congratulations and gifted presents. At the end of the war in 188 BC, when the Romans imposed the

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refused it, apparently annoyed about the separate peace that Ptolemy V had made with Antiochus III in 194/3 BC. Another embassy was made to Rome in 191 BC which congratulated the Senate on the Roman victory at the

2005:, whose full title included the names of all the Ptolemaic monarchs and appeared in official documents as part of the date formula. Probably at the Ptolemaia festival in 199 BC, Ptolemy V was proclaimed to be the 1911:

After the end of the Fifth Syrian War, Ptolemy V made an effort to reassert Ptolemaic power on the world stage and to claw back some of the territories lost to the Seleucids, with very little success. When the

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in October 185 BC, where they were stripped naked, forced to drag carts through the city, and then tortured to death. Whether Polycrates or Ptolemy V was responsible for this duplicitous cruelty is disputed.

1425:. The couple had come to power relatively young and ancient historiography remembered Ptolemy IV as being given over to luxury and ceremony, while leaving the government of Egypt largely to two courtiers, 2252:(which fell on 9 October in 210 BC). Since this is the date of a major Egyptian festival, some scholars have questioned whether it was his actual birthday. The same decree gives his accession date as 17 1770:

By 197 BC the dismal Ptolemaic performance in the war against Antiochus III had completely eroded Aristomenes' authority as regent. Around October or November 197 BC, the Ptolemaic governor of Cyprus,

2104:. Hölbl interprets this work as part of an effort to build up Memphis as the centre of Egyptian religious authority, at the expense of Thebes, which had been a stronghold of the Egyptian revolt. 1725:

had been lost in November 205 BC. The conflict continued throughout the infighting of Ptolemy V's early reign and during the Fifth Syrian War. Hugronaphor was succeeded by or changed his name to

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around his head. Sosibius read out Ptolemy IV's will, which made Sosibius and Agathocles regents and placed Ptolemy V in the personal care of his mistress Agathoclea and her mother Oenanthe.

1894:, was created, with Comanus serving in the role from 187 BC. Greek soldiers were settled in villages and cities in the south, to act as a garrison force in the event of further unrest. 1866:, Adikhalamani provided some sort of aid which enabled Ankhmakis to recapture Thebes by autumn 195 BC. Violent battles between the forces of Ptolemy V and Ankhmakis took place around 1666:. A Roman embassy made an ineffectual attempt to broker a peace between Ptolemy V and Antiochus III, but largely abandoned the Egyptians to their fate. Scopas was besieged at 8223: 2032:

assumed a much more important role within the Ptolemaic empire and this was asserted by the establishment of a centralised religious structure on the island. The governor (

4263: 2009:(Manifest, Beneficent God) and his name was added to the title of the Priest of Alexander. When he married Cleopatra I in 194–3 BC, the royal couple were deified as the 1787:

by the High Priest of Ptah on 26 March 196. Polycrates now became the chief minister in Alexandria and Aristomenes was forced to commit suicide in the following years.

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was sent to Rome, probably seeking support against Aniochus III. These missions were failures. Over the following year, Antiochus III seized Ptolemaic territory in

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palace that killed Ptolemy IV, but it is unclear whether Arsinoe III also perished in this fire or was murdered afterwards to prevent her from becoming regent.

3327: 1561:, persuaded Ptolemy V to agree to the execution of his mother's killers. Agathocles and his family were then dragged into the stadium and killed by the mob. 1520:, governor of Cyprus, was sent to Antiochus III to ask him to continue to respect the peace treaty made with Ptolemy IV at the end of the Fourth Syrian War. 1349:, was widely reviled and was toppled by a revolution in 202 BC, but the series of regents who followed proved incompetent and the kingdom was paralysed. The 1957:, presenting the League with monetary gifts and promising them ships as well. To raise his profile in Greece, Ptolemy V also entered a chariot team in the 2073:

the temple, and to celebrate a festival in honour of Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I every year on the day of Ankhmakis' defeat. This decree was revised in the

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supremacy at home. Philammon, said to have carried out the murder of Arsinoe III, was sent to Cyrene as governor in order to assert Ptolemaic rule there.

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led a successful reconquest of Palestine over the winter of 201/200, but Antiochus III invaded again in 200 BC and defeated him decisively at the

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Ankhmakis was taken to Alexandria and executed on 6 September 186 BC. Soon after, an official synod of priests gathered in the city and passed a

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Succeeded as King under the regency of his mother in 180 BC, co-regent and spouse of Cleopatra II from 170 to 164 BC and again 163-145 BC.

1608:. Tlepolemus responded by sending an embassy to Rome begging for help. At some point over the winter, Tlepolemus was replaced as regent by 2017:

dating formulae. That trend continued under Ptolemy V with the establishment of a cult for his mother in 199 BC. Unlike the canephore of

8193: 5973: 5761: 1879:. In temples in the region, inscriptions with the names of the Meroitic kings who had ruled the region since 206 BC were scratched out. 1434: 1369:(202–196 BC), in which the Ptolemies lost all their territories in Asia Minor and the Levant, as well as most of their influence in the 8182: 6943: 6659: 5527: 4787: 4761: 3202: 2410: 1870:. In late 191 or early 190 BC, papyrus records indicate that Thebes was once again under Ptolemy V's control. The Ptolemaic general 1453:

for himself. His later reign, however, was troubled by native Egyptian revolts. Between 206 and 205 BC, Ptolemy IV lost control of

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has argued that this collapse sparked the "power transition crisis" that led to the Roman conquest of the eastern Mediterranean.

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to attempt to arrange an alliance against Antiochus III and a marriage between Ptolemy V and one of Philip V's daughters.

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who also sent embassies to Rome. In summer 200 BC Philip V conquered the Ptolemaic possessions and independent cities in

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The day after Ptolemy V's coronation, a synod of priests from all over Egypt who had gathered for the event passed the

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Ptolemy V came of age in 196 BC and was crowned as pharaoh in Memphis, an occasion commemorated by the creation of the

7714: 6823: 6735: 6220: 5997: 5988: 4633: 4618: 4429: 4414: 4399: 4384: 4341: 4313: 3524: 3313: 1945:, Ptolemy V began preparations for a renewed war to recapture Coele-Syria. Ptolemy V's childhood friend, the eunuch 1627:, defected to Antiochus III, bringing his territory with him and remaining its governor. Meanwhile, Philip V seized 8248: 7543: 6876: 6613: 6440: 6372: 4954: 4449: 4404: 4379: 4356: 4326: 4147: 31: 8064: 5835: 4361: 4346: 4249: 4206: 4032: 3785: 3429: 53: 1373:. Simultaneously, Ptolemy V faced a widespread Egyptian revolt (206–185 BC) led by the self-proclaimed pharaohs 5909: 5680: 5542: 4676: 4608: 4594: 4589: 4580: 4566: 4552: 4542: 4409: 4331: 4259: 4244: 4211: 4201: 4077: 3790: 3129: 1558: 1521: 4525: 1624: 1345:, inherited the throne at the age of five when his parents died in suspicious circumstances. The new regent, 7749: 7664: 7641: 5958: 5820: 5757: 5546: 5346: 5162: 4656: 4623: 4576: 4562: 4454: 4321: 4268: 4234: 4226: 4175: 4170: 3856: 3680: 3559: 3493: 3401: 3368: 1830: 1670:

over the winter, but had to surrender at the beginning of summer 199 BC. He was sent off to his homeland of

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broke out in 192 BC, Ptolemy V sent an embassy to Rome offering financial and military support, but the

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Chronicles of the Pharaohs: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Rulers and Dynasties of Ancient Egypt

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under the native pharaoh Hugronaphor (Horwennefer) in the last years of Ptolemy IV's reign and

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of the ruling couple and presented the young Ptolemy V to be acclaimed as king, wrapping the

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synods. Under Ptolemy V there were three of these, all of which were published on stelae in

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Ptolemaic Egypt had a dynastic cult, which centred on the Ptolemaia festival and the annual

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of 182 BC. In the same year, Aristonicus led a naval raid on Syria, attacking the island of

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With the loss of most of the Ptolemaic possessions outside Egypt in the Fifth Syrian War,

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in 197 BC, they turned their attention to Antiochus III, whose troops had crossed the

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Shortly after this, Ptolemy V launched a massive southern campaign, besieging

1648: 1418: 1370: 1338: 1293: 1257: 1239: 123: 113: 3224: 3166: 2040:), responsible for maintaining a version of the dynastic cult on the island. 8071: 7986: 7949: 7875: 7869: 7796: 7776: 7493: 7475: 7420: 7400: 7263: 7098: 7081: 7031: 6884: 6851: 6846: 6788: 6587: 6408: 6361: 6273: 6250: 6023: 5889: 5858: 5426: 5252: 5133: 4870: 4515: 4499: 4132: 4122: 4097: 4067: 3972: 3914: 3846: 3841: 3594: 3589: 3464: 3386: 2078: 1738: 1726: 1712: 1692: 1620: 1358: 6313: 1759: 2197: 1109: 983: 816: 685: 497: 331: 169: 8141: 8136: 8125: 8092: 8007: 8000: 7954: 7926: 7920: 7885: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7465: 7405: 7248: 7220: 6813: 6743: 6555: 6541: 6521: 6483: 6395: 6340: 6298: 6130: 6100: 6063: 6008: 5853: 5730: 5635: 5579: 5474: 5381: 5375: 5364: 5330: 5214: 5200: 5193: 5180: 5144: 4884: 4092: 4017: 4002: 2948: 2906: 2797: 2790: 2777: 2692: 2471: 1935: 1779: 1640: 1605: 1554: 1508: 1491: 1426: 1350: 88: 1814: 656:

chosen by Ptah, the strong one of the ka of Ra, the living image of Amun

8118: 8057: 7900: 7584: 7395: 7389: 7377: 7258: 7253: 7190: 7169: 7014: 6966: 6866: 6856: 6581: 6478: 6448: 6430: 6419: 6402: 6354: 6347: 6278: 6200: 5848: 5656: 5642: 5554: 5505: 5411: 5354: 5305: 5138: 5128: 5108: 5041: 4891: 4770: 4661: 4057: 2253: 1994: 1696: 1688: 1676: 1671: 1327: 652:

Iwa en netjerwy merwy it, setep (en) Ptah, User ka Re, sekhem ankh Amun

80: 58:

Iwa en netjerwy merwy it, setep (en) Ptah, User ka Re, sekhem ankh Amun

8025: 7895: 7532: 7415: 7020: 6991: 6861: 6836: 6628: 6562: 6388: 6381: 6308: 6263: 6257: 6083: 6003: 5589: 5416: 5369: 5323: 5295: 5221: 5099: 5058: 4940: 4905: 4877: 4072: 3305: 3025: 2847: 2526: 2264:

has proposed that 30 Mesore was actually Ptolemy V's accession date:

2249: 2097: 2029: 1990: 1962: 1875:

victory re-established Ptolemaic rule in Upper Egypt, as well as the

1823: 1795: 1644: 1636: 1504: 1483: 320:

The one great of strength, who has established the Two Lands and made

3178:. London & New York: Routledge. pp. 143–152 & 181–194. 1854:

In the mid 190s BC, Ankhmakis made some sort of agreement with King

2065:

heavily on traditional imagery that presented the pharaoh as a new

1930:

on Antiochus III, which forced him to give up all his territory in

8111: 7890: 7880: 7858: 7516: 6425: 6413: 6326: 6243: 6094: 6028: 5690: 5512: 5359: 5317: 5311: 5103: 5062: 4933: 4926: 4912: 2089: 2066: 1981: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1813: 1758: 1684: 1680: 1667: 1632: 1628: 1582: 1572: 1533: 1437:). In his early reign, Ptolemy IV successfully defeated the rival 7863: 7853: 7243: 7118: 6319: 5649: 5469: 5451: 5336: 5118: 5113: 4947: 2952: 2933: 2918: 2840: 2704: 2696: 2679: 2671: 2656: 2621: 2519: 2093: 1899: 8171: 7288: 6653: 5755: 4781: 4743: 3309: 1941:

When Antiochus III died in 187 BC and was succeeded by his son

1600:

themselves late in that year. In 202 BC, Antiochus III invaded

6068: 487:

a possessor of Sed festivals like Ptah and a sovereign like Ra

1494:' club on the left. Greek legend reads: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠTOΛEMAIOY, 2256:(30 November in 210 BC) in the hieroglyphic text, but as 17 4739: 2398:

Mediterranean Anarchy, Interstate War, and the Rise of Rome

1482:

Silver coin of Ptolemy V. Obverse shows the king wearing a

1120: 994: 827: 696: 520: 354: 194: 2036:) of Cyprus was henceforth also the island's high priest ( 317:

Wer pehty Semen tawy Senefer ta meri Menekh ib her netjeru

160:

The youth who has appeared as king on his father's throne

1907:

Foreign policy after the Fifth Syrian War (194/3–180 BC)

1445:(219-217 BC), successfully preventing the Seleucid king 1433:(the latter being the brother of Ptolemy IV's concubine 649:

jwꜤ.n-nṯrwj-mr(wj)-jt stp.n-ptḥ wsr-kꜢ-rꜤ sḫm-Ꜥnḫ-n-jmn

1365:

took advantage of the kingdom's weakness to begin the

1334:

from July or August 204 BC until his death in 180 BC.

483:

Wadj ankh en henmemet, Neb hebu sed mi Ptah, ity mi Re

322:

Ta-mery perfect (by) being efficacious before the gods

2401:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1829:

After the Romans decisively defeated Philip V at the

2077:, passed in autumn 185 BC on the enthronement of an 1128: 1084: 1002: 958: 835: 792: 704: 661: 526: 501: 360: 335: 202: 173: 7824: 7809: 7650: 7622: 7607: 7570: 7542: 7502: 7484: 7434: 7367: 7352: 7319: 7310: 7234: 7211: 7144: 7067: 7005: 6957: 6942: 6875: 6822: 6734: 6719: 6684: 6675: 6572: 6531: 6439: 6371: 6219: 5987: 5972: 5908: 5882: 5834: 5819: 5786: 5777: 5706: 5666: 5541: 5526: 5460: 5402: 5345: 5286: 5271: 5161: 5090: 5075: 4976: 4860: 4845: 4812: 4803: 4632: 4463: 4370: 4312: 4225: 4146: 3953: 3875: 3827: 3804: 3646: 3603: 3474: 3420: 3377: 3344: 2815:"History of the World in 100 Objects:Rosetta Stone" 1997:

of a Hellenistic king, as well as a crown of wheat.

1299: 1289: 1281: 1273: 1263: 1253: 1235: 1225: 933: 654:The heir of the two gods who love (their?) father, 636: 485:The one who has made the life of mankind flourish, 466: 300: 140: 119: 109: 99: 79: 39: 3221:entry in historical sourcebook by Mahlon H. Smith 3007:II 2314, line 41; S. V. Tracy & C. Habicht, 1837:and entered Thrace. In late 196 or early 195 BC 2310:The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary 3159:A History of Egypt Under the Ptolemaic Dynasty 1862:. In return for the southern Egyptian city of 1778:, even though he was only thirteen years old. 4755: 3321: 8: 2270:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFKoenen1977 ( 2084:Ptolemy V's predecessors, since the time of 953:Ptolemaios, living forever, beloved of Ptah 8168: 7821: 7619: 7364: 7316: 7307: 7285: 6954: 6731: 6681: 6672: 6650: 5984: 5831: 5783: 5774: 5752: 5538: 5283: 5087: 4857: 4809: 4800: 4778: 4762: 4748: 4740: 3328: 3314: 3306: 3234: 2260:in the demotic text (29 March in 209 BC). 2248:gives Ptolemy V's official birthday as 30 1842:Ptolemy, engaging him to his own daughter 1132: 1088: 1006: 962: 839: 796: 708: 665: 530: 505: 479:wꜢḏ-Ꜥnḫ-n-ḥnmmt nb-ḥbw-sd-mj-ptḥ jty-mj-rꜤ 364: 339: 313:wr-pḥtj smn-tꜢwj snfr-tꜢmrj mnḥ-jb-ḫr-nṯrw 206: 177: 137: 64: 36: 2514:Polybius 15.20, 16.1.9, 16.10.1; Justin, 1623:. The Ptolemaic governor of Coele-Syria, 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2714: 2603: 2601: 2599: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2480: 2115: 2044:Pharaonic ideology and Egyptian religion 1679:, as well as several of their cities in 1651:and the Romans intervened, starting the 1477: 1381:, which resulted in the loss of most of 3042: 3040: 3038: 2510: 2508: 2288: 2227: 1850:End of the Egyptian Revolt (196–185 BC) 1798:, and two of these stelae survive: the 191: 2436: 2434: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2265: 4260:Mithridates IV Philopator Philadephos 3115: 3091: 3046: 2972: 2827: 2726: 2607: 2490: 2425: 1763:The Memphis decree, inscribed on the 7: 4728:Hellenistic rulers were preceded by 1544:Alexandrian revolution (203–202 BC) 1474:Regency of Agathocles (204–203 BC) 25: 8308:Pharaohs of the Ptolemaic dynasty 3176:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire 2371:A History of the Ptolemaic Empire 2061:were published throughout Egypt. 1615:In 201 BC, Antiochus III invaded 2196: 2164: 2141: 1703:The Egyptian Revolt (204–196 BC) 1417:Ptolemy V was the only child of 1324:Ptolemaĩos Epiphanḗs Eukháristos 1199: 1113: 1067: 987: 913: 820: 775: 689: 280: 105:July/August 204–September 180 BC 1729:(Ankhwennefer) in late 199 BC. 1312:Ptolemy V Epiphanes Eucharistus 3225:Greek section of Rosetta Stone 2295: 1794:. The decree was inscribed on 1320:Πτολεμαῖος Ἐπιφανής Εὐχάριστος 157:Hunu kha em nisu her set it ef 27:5th Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt 1: 7782:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator 4732:in most of their territories. 3530:Cleopatra II Philometor Soter 2368:Hölbl, Günther (2013-02-01). 2203: 2003:priest of Alexander the Great 1822:produced from a contemporary 1635:. This led to conflict with 1569:Fifth Syrian War (202–196 BC) 1524:, Sosibius' son, was sent to 941: 644: 474: 308: 148: 71: 2741:"Horwennefer / Ankhwennefer" 2395:Eckstein, Arthur M. (2006). 2308:Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). 950:Ptolemys Ankh djet mery ptah 7715:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 3525:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 2007:Theos Epiphanes Eucharistos 1717:A revolt had broken out in 1675:conquering their cities in 1553:, the general in charge of 1457:to the self-styled pharaoh 8339: 6614:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef 5998:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep 5762:Second Intermediate Period 3193:Clayton, Peter A. (2006). 2516:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus 2468:Epitome of Pompeius Trogus 2374:. Routledge. p. 171. 2312:. SBL Press. p. 181. 1818:Modern depiction of Queen 1706: 1592: 1285:September 180 BC (aged 29) 1190: 1123: 1058: 997: 904: 830: 766: 699: 638:Prenomen (Praenomen) 612: 523: 442: 357: 271: 197: 49: 32:Epiphanes (disambiguation) 29: 8276: 8178: 8167: 8065:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus 7755:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 7306: 7284: 6671: 6660:Third Intermediate Period 6649: 5773: 5751: 4799: 4788:First Intermediate Period 4777: 4726: 3430:Antigonus I Monophthalmus 3290: 3272: 3264: 3237: 2619:Polybius 16.39; Porphyry 1989:of Ptolemy V wearing the 1839:Lucius Cornelius Lentulus 1559:Sosibius, son of Sosibius 1413:Background and early life 1319: 1127: 1001: 940: 834: 703: 643: 525: 473: 359: 307: 201: 147: 129: 86: 63: 44: 7777:Cleopatra VII Philopator 6034:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI 4792: (<3150–2040 BC) 3791:Antiochus XIII Asiaticus 3590:Cleopatra VII Philopator 3065:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 2887:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 2745:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 2447:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 2348:Egyptian Royal Genealogy 1953:had maintained with the 1810:Peace with Antiochus III 1619:and eventually captured 1536:, including the city of 153:ḥwnw-ḫꜤ-m-nsw-ḥr-st-jt.f 8303:2nd-century BC pharaohs 8298:3rd-century BC pharaohs 7750:Ptolemy XI Alexander II 7665:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 5959:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra 4588:'s attempted rule with 4269:Mithridates V Euergetes 3681:Antiochus III the Great 3494:Ptolemy II Philadelphus 3435:Demetrius I Poliorcetes 3359:Alexander III the Great 3197:. Thames & Hudson. 3174:Hölbl, Günther (2001). 2993:Polybius 22.3.5-9, 22.9 2643:Polybius 16.27.5; Livy 1978:Ptolemaic dynastic cult 1831:Battle of Cynoscephalae 57: 8313:Ancient child monarchs 7792:Ptolemy XIV Philopator 7771:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 7765:Berenice IV Epiphaneia 7720:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes 7690:Arsinoe III Philopator 6604:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef 6074:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw 6014:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V 5605:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb 4372:Monarchs of Cappadocia 4274:Mithridates VI Eupator 3796:Philip II Philoromaeus 3781:Antiochus XII Dionysus 3771:Demetrius III Eucaerus 3766:Antiochus XI Epiphanes 3751:Antiochus IX Cyzicenus 3691:Antiochus IV Epiphanes 3686:Seleucus IV Philopator 3671:Seleucus II Callinicus 3570:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena 3445:Demetrius II Aetolicus 3231:in English translation 2550:Polybius 16.25.20-27.3 2021:and the athlophore of 1998: 1826: 1767: 1658:The Ptolemaic general 1590: 1580: 1578:Antiochus III of Syria 1530:Ptolemy of Megalopolis 1499: 1337:Ptolemy V, the son of 946:ptwlmjs Ꜥnḫ-ḏt-mrj-pth 7740:Ptolemy X Alexander I 7705:Ptolemy VI Philometor 7685:Ptolemy IV Philopator 7680:Berenice II Euergetes 7675:Ptolemy III Euergetes 7637:Philip III Arrhidaeus 6146:Khahotepre Sobekhotep 6141:Merhotepre Sobekhotep 5495:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II 4314:Monarchs of Commagene 4235:Mithridates I Ctistes 3776:Philip I Philadelphus 3756:Seleucus VI Epiphanes 3746:Antiochus VIII Grypus 3741:Seleucus V Philometor 3726:Antiochus VII Sidetes 3716:Antiochus VI Dionysus 3676:Seleucus III Ceraunus 3575:Berenice IV Epiphanea 3520:Ptolemy VI Philometor 3504:Ptolemy IV Philopator 3499:Ptolemy III Euergetes 3364:Philip III Arrhidaeus 2634:Polybius 16.8-19, 22a 1985: 1923:Battle of Thermopylae 1886:, known today as the 1817: 1762: 1653:Second Macedonian War 1586: 1576: 1481: 8173:Dynastic genealogies 7797:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 7093:Tutkheperre Shoshenq 7007:High Priests of Amun 6509:Merankhre Mentuhotep 6211:Seheqenre Sankhptahi 6206:Sewadjare Mentuhotep 6059:Khaankhre Sobekhotep 5766: (2040–1550 BC) 5485:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I 4148:Monarchs of Bithynia 3731:Alexander II Zabinas 3711:Demetrius II Nicator 3628:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 3595:Ptolemy XV Caesarion 3560:Ptolemy XI Alexander 3535:Ptolemy VIII Physcon 3440:Antigonus II Gonatas 3239:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 3229:Second Philae Decree 3030:Commentary on Daniel 2766:Rosetta Stone decree 2541:Polybius 15.25.16-19 2502:Polybius 15.25.11-13 2186:from 116 to 115 BC. 1938:and Rhodes instead. 1498:, "of king Ptolemy." 1496:Basileо̄s Ptolemaiou 1486:. The reverse shows 1421:and his sister-wife 30:For other uses, see 7695:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 7632:Alexander the Great 6664: (1550–664 BC) 6186:Mershepsesre Ini II 6181:Merkawre Sobekhotep 5575:Neferkare IV Khendu 4730:Hellenistic satraps 3761:Antiochus X Eusebes 3696:Antiochus V Eupator 3638:Cleopatra Selene II 3565:Ptolemy XII Auletes 3550:Ptolemy X Alexander 3545:Ptolemy IX Lathyros 3509:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 3450:Antigonus III Doson 3219:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 3155:Bevan, Edwyn Robert 2839:Polybius 18.49-52; 2086:Alexander the Great 1888:Philensis II decree 1772:Polycrates of Argos 1588:Philip V of Macedon 1526:Philip V of Macedon 70:Tetradrachm issued 50:Πτολεμαῖος Ἐπιφανής 40:Ptolemy V Epiphanes 8032:Trebonianus Gallus 6619:Senakhtenre Ahmose 6237:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre 6191:Sewahenre Senebmiu 6166:Sankhenre Sewadjtu 5595:Neferkare V Tereru 5565:Neferkare III Neby 5233:Sekhemib-Perenmaat 4634:Monarchs of Epirus 4467:Cimmerian Bosporus 4227:Monarchs of Pontus 3786:Cleopatra Selene I 3666:Antiochus II Theos 3656:Seleucus I Nicator 3623:Demetrius the Fair 3605:Monarchs of Cyrene 3094:, pp. 165–167 2975:, pp. 141–143 2789:Polybius 18.55.7; 2764:Polybius 22.17.1; 2729:, pp. 155–157 2702:22.28.1; Porphyry 2677:33.20.4; Porphyry 2610:, pp. 136–140 2493:, pp. 134–136 2428:, pp. 127–133 2108:Marriage and issue 2075:Philensis I decree 1999: 1914:Roman–Seleucid War 1827: 1768: 1591: 1581: 1500: 18:Ptolemy V of Egypt 8285: 8284: 8272: 8271: 8163: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8155: 8154: 8079:Claudius Gothicus 7973:Severus Alexander 7940:Septimius Severus 7805: 7804: 7603: 7602: 7348: 7347: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7275: 7272: 7271: 6987:Osorkon the Elder 6938: 6937: 6715: 6714: 6645: 6644: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6609:Nubkheperre Intef 6489:Sekhemre Shedwast 6111:Sehetepkare Intef 6039:Semenkare Nebnuni 5968: 5967: 5815: 5814: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5522: 5521: 5500:Netjerkare Siptah 5422:Neferirkare Kakai 5267: 5266: 5071: 5070: 4841: 4840: 4737: 4736: 4217:Socrates Chrestus 3706:Alexander I Balas 3701:Demetrius I Soter 3661:Antiochus I Soter 3407:Antipater Etesias 3304: 3303: 3291:Succeeded by 3275:Ptolemaic dynasty 3244:Ptolemaic dynasty 2584:Polybius 16.21-22 2559:Polybius 15.27-34 2381:978-1-135-11983-6 2319:978-1-58983-736-2 2219: 2218: 1959:Panathenaic Games 1877:Triakontaschoinos 1443:Fourth Syrian War 1309: 1308: 1304:Ptolemaic dynasty 1219: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1206: 1194: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1104: 1103: 1100: 1099: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1062: 1061: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 978: 977: 974: 973: 929: 928: 925: 924: 921: 920: 908: 907: 900: 899: 896: 895: 811: 810: 807: 806: 787: 786: 783: 782: 770: 769: 762: 761: 758: 757: 680: 679: 676: 675: 632: 631: 628: 627: 624: 623: 616: 615: 610: 609: 606: 605: 517: 516: 513: 512: 462: 461: 458: 457: 454: 453: 446: 445: 440: 439: 436: 435: 351: 350: 347: 346: 296: 295: 292: 291: 288: 287: 275: 274: 267: 266: 263: 262: 189: 188: 185: 184: 93:Ptolemaic Kingdom 16:(Redirected from 8330: 8279:List of pharaohs 8169: 7934:Pescennius Niger 7822: 7818: 7817: 7730:Ptolemy IX Soter 7700:Cleopatra I Syra 7620: 7616: 7615: 7365: 7361: 7360: 7317: 7308: 7301: 7300: 7286: 7037:Djedkhonsuefankh 6955: 6951: 6950: 6732: 6728: 6727: 6702: 6697: 6682: 6673: 6666: 6665: 6651: 6244:Qareh Khawoserre 6230:Yakbim Sekhaenre 6171:Mersekhemre Ined 5985: 5981: 5980: 5832: 5828: 5827: 5784: 5775: 5768: 5767: 5753: 5539: 5535: 5534: 5284: 5280: 5279: 5088: 5084: 5083: 4858: 4854: 4853: 4810: 4801: 4794: 4793: 4779: 4764: 4757: 4750: 4741: 4529: 4445:Ariobarzanes III 3819:Ptolemy Epigonos 3721:Diodotus Tryphon 3514:Cleopatra I Syra 3489:Ptolemy Keraunos 3330: 3323: 3316: 3307: 3265:Preceded by 3260: 3253: 3235: 3208: 3189: 3170: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3125: 3119: 3113: 3107: 3101: 3095: 3089: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3059:Bennett, Chris. 3056: 3050: 3044: 3033: 3018: 3012: 3000: 2994: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2959: 2946: 2940: 2931: 2925: 2916: 2910: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2893: 2881:Bennett, Chris. 2878: 2872: 2861: 2855: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2813:British Museum. 2810: 2804: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2739:Bennett, Chris. 2736: 2730: 2724: 2709: 2690: 2684: 2669: 2663: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2635: 2632: 2626: 2617: 2611: 2605: 2594: 2591: 2585: 2582: 2576: 2566: 2560: 2557: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2533: 2512: 2503: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2475: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2455: 2453: 2441:Bennett, Chris. 2438: 2429: 2423: 2417: 2416: 2392: 2386: 2385: 2365: 2359: 2358: 2356: 2354: 2342:Bennett, Chris. 2339: 2324: 2323: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2277: 2275: 2242: 2236: 2232: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2168: 2145: 2116: 2011:Theoi Epiphaneis 1928:Treaty of Apamea 1664:Battle of Panium 1595:Fifth Syrian War 1367:Fifth Syrian War 1321: 1277:9 October 210 BC 1203: 1202: 1133: 1129: 1121: 1117: 1116: 1110: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1071: 1070: 1007: 1003: 995: 991: 990: 984: 963: 959: 955: 942: 917: 916: 840: 836: 828: 824: 823: 817: 797: 793: 789: 779: 778: 709: 705: 697: 693: 692: 686: 666: 662: 658: 645: 531: 527: 521: 506: 502: 498: 494: 493: 475: 365: 361: 355: 340: 336: 332: 328: 327: 309: 284: 283: 207: 203: 195: 178: 174: 170: 166: 165: 149: 138: 73: 68: 54:Ancient Egyptian 51: 37: 21: 8338: 8337: 8333: 8332: 8331: 8329: 8328: 8327: 8288: 8287: 8286: 8281: 8268: 8174: 8151: 8051:Macrianus Minor 7980:Maximinus Thrax 7916:Marcus Aurelius 7815: 7814: 7813: 7801: 7660:Ptolemy I Soter 7646: 7613: 7612: 7611: 7599: 7566: 7538: 7498: 7480: 7460:Psammetichus IV 7430: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7344: 7322: 7313: 7302: 7299:(664 BC–313 AD) 7298: 7297: 7268: 7230: 7207: 7203:Menkheperre Ini 7140: 7063: 7001: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6934: 6871: 6818: 6799:Neferneferuaten 6725: 6724: 6723: 6711: 6710: 6700: 6695: 6694:Pharaohs 6687: 6678: 6667: 6663: 6662: 6633: 6568: 6527: 6454:Sobekhotep VIII 6435: 6367: 6215: 6176:Sewadjkare Hori 5978: 5977: 5976: 5964: 5904: 5878: 5825: 5824: 5823: 5811: 5789: 5780: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5735: 5702: 5662: 5570:Djedkare Shemai 5532: 5531: 5530: 5518: 5456: 5398: 5341: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5263: 5157: 5081: 5080: 5079: 5067: 4972: 4851: 4850: 4849: 4837: 4815: 4806: 4795: 4791: 4790: 4773: 4768: 4738: 4733: 4722: 4628: 4619:Mithridates III 4523: 4466: 4465:Monarchs of the 4459: 4440:Ariobarzanes II 4425:Ariarathes VIII 4366: 4352:Mithridates III 4308: 4250:Mithridates III 4221: 4142: 3949: 3877:Greco-Bactrians 3871: 3823: 3800: 3642: 3599: 3484:Ptolemy I Soter 3470: 3416: 3373: 3340: 3334: 3300: 3280: 3278: 3270: 3254: 3248: 3247: 3240: 3215: 3205: 3192: 3186: 3173: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3132:. Tyndale House 3128:Chris Bennett. 3127: 3126: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3104:Translated text 3102: 3098: 3090: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3045: 3036: 3019: 3015: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2979: 2971: 2962: 2956:Ab Urbe Condita 2947: 2943: 2937:Ab Urbe Condita 2932: 2928: 2922:Ab Urbe Condita 2917: 2913: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2865:Ab Urbe Condita 2862: 2858: 2844:Ab Urbe Condita 2838: 2834: 2826: 2822: 2812: 2811: 2807: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2763: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2712: 2700:Ab Urbe Condita 2691: 2687: 2675:Ab Urbe Condita 2670: 2666: 2660:Ab Urbe Condita 2655: 2651: 2645:Ab Urbe Condita 2642: 2638: 2633: 2629: 2618: 2614: 2606: 2597: 2592: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2554: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2536: 2523:Ab Urbe Condita 2513: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2489: 2478: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2440: 2439: 2432: 2424: 2420: 2413: 2394: 2393: 2389: 2382: 2367: 2366: 2362: 2352: 2350: 2341: 2340: 2327: 2320: 2307: 2306: 2302: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2281: 2280: 2269: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2206: 2148:May/June 186 BC 2110: 2046: 1980: 1975: 1909: 1852: 1812: 1802:and the famous 1757: 1752: 1715: 1707:Main articles: 1705: 1597: 1571: 1546: 1476: 1471: 1439:Seleucid empire 1415: 1407:Arthur Eckstein 1332:Ptolemaic Egypt 1246: 1242: 1221: 1220: 1200: 1165: 1145: 1137: 1114: 1096: 1068: 1042: 1019: 1011: 988: 970: 952: 948: 914: 867: 862: 856: 821: 776: 732: 727: 725: 690: 655: 653: 651: 592: 566: 555: 538: 486: 484: 481: 419: 414: 406: 403: 400: 377: 375: 369: 321: 319: 315: 281: 258: 256: 254: 249: 241: 235: 229: 227: 219: 214: 159: 155: 135: 95: 75: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8336: 8334: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8290: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8188: 8185: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8172: 8165: 8164: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8149: 8147:Maximinus Daza 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8122: 8115: 8108: 8103: 8096: 8089: 8082: 8075: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8047: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8011: 8004: 7997: 7990: 7983: 7976: 7969: 7962: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7937: 7930: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7906:Antoninus Pius 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7866: 7861: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7830: 7828: 7819: 7816:(30 BC–313 AD) 7807: 7806: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7656: 7654: 7648: 7647: 7645: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7628: 7626: 7617: 7605: 7604: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7580:Artaxerxes III 7576: 7574: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7548: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7537: 7536: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7508: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7490: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7456: 7451: 7449:Petubastis III 7446: 7440: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7386: 7381: 7373: 7371: 7362: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7337: 7336: 7335: 7332: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7314: 7311: 7304: 7303: 7289: 7282: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7267: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7240: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7217: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7206: 7205: 7200: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7150: 7148: 7142: 7141: 7139: 7138: 7133: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7073: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7062: 7061: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7017: 7011: 7009: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6963: 6961: 6952: 6944:3 Intermediate 6940: 6939: 6936: 6935: 6933: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6879: 6873: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6828: 6826: 6820: 6819: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6746: 6740: 6738: 6729: 6726:(1550–1070 BC) 6717: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6709: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6691: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6679: 6676: 6669: 6668: 6654: 6647: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6638: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6584: 6578: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6566: 6559: 6552: 6545: 6537: 6535: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6525: 6518: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6459:Neferhotep III 6456: 6451: 6445: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6385: 6377: 6375: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6365: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6289:Sewadjkare III 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6258:Maaibre Sheshi 6254: 6251:'Ammu Ahotepre 6247: 6240: 6233: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6161:Merhotepre Ini 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6121:Sobekhotep III 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5993: 5991: 5982: 5979:(1802–1550 BC) 5974:2 Intermediate 5970: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5912: 5906: 5905: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5869:Mentuhotep III 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5838: 5829: 5826:(2040–1802 BC) 5821:Middle Kingdom 5817: 5816: 5813: 5812: 5810: 5809: 5804: 5803: 5802: 5799: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5781: 5778: 5771: 5770: 5758:Middle Kingdom 5756: 5749: 5748: 5745: 5744: 5741: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5721:Neferkare VIII 5718: 5712: 5710: 5704: 5703: 5701: 5700: 5693: 5688: 5686:Nebkaure Khety 5683: 5678: 5676:Meryibre Khety 5672: 5670: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5660: 5653: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5610:Neferkamin Anu 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5549: 5536: 5533:(2181–2040 BC) 5528:1 Intermediate 5524: 5523: 5520: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5509: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5466: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5447:Djedkare Isesi 5444: 5442:Menkauhor Kaiu 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5408: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5397: 5396: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5351: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5292: 5290: 5281: 5278:(2686–2181 BC) 5269: 5268: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5261: 5256: 5249: 5242: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5218: 5211: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5167: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5096: 5094: 5085: 5082:(3150–2686 BC) 5077:Early Dynastic 5073: 5072: 5069: 5068: 5066: 5065: 5056: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5032: 5025: 5018: 5011: 5004: 4997: 4990: 4982: 4980: 4974: 4973: 4971: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4909: 4902: 4895: 4888: 4881: 4874: 4866: 4864: 4855: 4843: 4842: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4835: 4830: 4829: 4828: 4825: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4807: 4804: 4797: 4796: 4782: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4767: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4744: 4735: 4734: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4677:Neoptolemus II 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4592: 4583: 4574: 4572:Mithridates II 4569: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4538:Paerisades III 4535: 4530: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4503: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4435:Ariobarzanes I 4432: 4427: 4422: 4420:Ariarathes VII 4417: 4412: 4407: 4402: 4397: 4395:Ariarathes III 4392: 4387: 4382: 4376: 4374: 4368: 4367: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4342:Mithridates II 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4245:Mithridates II 4242: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4223: 4222: 4220: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4184: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4110: 4108:Apollodotus II 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3959: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3937: 3932: 3927: 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3869: 3864: 3859: 3854: 3849: 3844: 3839: 3833: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3753: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3736:Cleopatra Thea 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3673: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3641: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3609: 3607: 3601: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3480: 3478: 3472: 3471: 3469: 3468: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3383: 3381: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3335: 3333: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3310: 3302: 3301: 3292: 3289: 3271: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3241: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3222: 3214: 3213:External links 3211: 3210: 3209: 3203: 3190: 3184: 3171: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3143: 3120: 3108: 3106:on attalus.org 3096: 3077: 3051: 3034: 3013: 2995: 2986: 2984:Polybius 22.22 2977: 2960: 2941: 2926: 2911: 2899: 2873: 2856: 2832: 2820: 2805: 2782: 2770: 2757: 2731: 2710: 2685: 2664: 2649: 2636: 2627: 2612: 2595: 2586: 2577: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2534: 2504: 2495: 2476: 2459: 2430: 2418: 2411: 2387: 2380: 2360: 2325: 2318: 2300: 2296:Clayton (2006) 2287: 2285: 2282: 2279: 2278: 2246:Rosetta decree 2237: 2226: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2216: 2212: 2211:26 June 116 BC 2209: 2201: 2194: 2188: 2187: 2175: 2174:6 April 115 BC 2172: 2169: 2162: 2156: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2109: 2106: 2045: 2042: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1955:Achaean League 1908: 1905: 1851: 1848: 1811: 1808: 1800:Nubayrah Stele 1792:Memphis decree 1756: 1753: 1751: 1750:Personal reign 1748: 1704: 1701: 1655:(200-197 BC). 1593:Main article: 1570: 1567: 1545: 1542: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1467: 1414: 1411: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1250: 1237: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1209: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1142: 1139: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1077: 1076: 1073: 1072: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1048: 1047: 1044: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1016: 1013: 999: 998: 992: 981: 979: 976: 975: 972: 971: 967: 938: 937: 931: 930: 927: 926: 923: 922: 919: 918: 911: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 894: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 864: 859: 853: 850: 847: 844: 832: 831: 825: 814: 812: 809: 808: 805: 804: 801: 785: 784: 781: 780: 773: 771: 768: 767: 764: 763: 760: 759: 756: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 729: 722: 719: 716: 713: 701: 700: 694: 683: 681: 678: 677: 674: 673: 670: 641: 640: 634: 633: 630: 629: 626: 625: 622: 621: 619: 617: 614: 613: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 597: 594: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 563: 560: 557: 552: 549: 546: 543: 540: 535: 524: 518: 515: 514: 511: 510: 490: 489: 471: 470: 464: 463: 460: 459: 456: 455: 452: 451: 449: 447: 444: 443: 441: 438: 437: 434: 433: 429: 425: 421: 416: 411: 408: 397: 394: 391: 388: 385: 382: 379: 371: 358: 352: 349: 348: 345: 344: 324: 323: 305: 304: 298: 297: 294: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 278: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 251: 246: 243: 238: 232: 224: 221: 216: 211: 199: 198: 192: 190: 187: 186: 183: 182: 162: 161: 145: 144: 136: 133:Royal titulary 131: 130: 127: 126: 121: 117: 116: 111: 107: 106: 103: 97: 96: 87: 84: 83: 77: 76: 69: 61: 60: 42: 41: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8335: 8324: 8323:181 BC deaths 8321: 8319: 8318:210 BC births 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8280: 8275: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8180: 8177: 8170: 8166: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8127: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8116: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8083: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8073: 8069: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8034: 8033: 8029: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8005: 8003: 8002: 7998: 7996: 7995: 7991: 7989: 7988: 7984: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7935: 7931: 7929: 7928: 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7871: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7860: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7823: 7820: 7812: 7808: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7772: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7725:Cleopatra III 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7649: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7618: 7610: 7606: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7530: 7528: 7527:Nepherites II 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7501: 7495: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7483: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7461: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7441: 7439: 7437: 7433: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7379: 7375: 7374: 7372: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7355: 7351: 7341: 7338: 7333: 7330: 7329: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7318: 7315: 7309: 7305: 7296: 7292: 7287: 7283: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7237: 7233: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7210: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7147: 7143: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7059: 7058:Psusennes III 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6964: 6962: 6960: 6956: 6953: 6949:(1069–664 BC) 6945: 6941: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6915:Ramesses VIII 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6880: 6878: 6874: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6784:Amenhotep III 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6733: 6730: 6722: 6718: 6707: 6704: 6699: 6693: 6692: 6689: 6683: 6680: 6674: 6670: 6661: 6657: 6652: 6648: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6624:Seqenenre Tao 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6599:Sobekemsaf II 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6575: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6558: 6557: 6553: 6551: 6550: 6549:Wepwawetemsaf 6546: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6530: 6524: 6523: 6519: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6404: 6400: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6386: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259: 6255: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6246: 6245: 6241: 6239: 6238: 6234: 6232: 6231: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6156:Merneferre Ay 6154: 6152: 6151:Wahibre Ibiau 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6136:Sobekhotep IV 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5999: 5995: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5975: 5971: 5961: 5960: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5943:Amenemhat III 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5875: 5874:Mentuhotep IV 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5864:Mentuhotep II 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5833: 5830: 5822: 5818: 5808: 5805: 5800: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5785: 5782: 5776: 5772: 5763: 5759: 5754: 5750: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5726:Wahkare Khety 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5692: 5689: 5687: 5684: 5682: 5681:Neferkare VII 5679: 5677: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5645: 5644: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5394: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5228:Seth-Peribsen 5226: 5224: 5223: 5219: 5217: 5216: 5212: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5191: 5189: 5188: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5171:Hotepsekhemwy 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5149: 5147: 5146: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5064: 5060: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5024: 5023: 5019: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5010: 5009: 5005: 5003: 5002: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4991: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4975: 4969: 4968: 4964: 4962: 4961:Double Falcon 4959: 4957: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4949: 4945: 4943: 4942: 4938: 4936: 4935: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4922: 4921: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4896: 4894: 4893: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4880: 4879: 4875: 4873: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4856: 4852:(pre-3150 BC) 4848: 4847:Protodynastic 4844: 4834: 4831: 4826: 4823: 4822: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4802: 4798: 4789: 4785: 4784:Protodynastic 4780: 4776: 4772: 4765: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4731: 4725: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4657:Neoptolemus I 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4631: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4582: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4553:Mithridates I 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4543:Paerisades IV 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4519: 4517: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4507: 4506:Paerisades II 4504: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4495:Spartokos III 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4431: 4430:Ariarathes IX 4428: 4426: 4423: 4421: 4418: 4416: 4415:Ariarathes VI 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4401: 4400:Ariarathes IV 4398: 4396: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4385:Ariarathes II 4383: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4357:Antiochus III 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4332:Mithridates I 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4228: 4224: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4210: 4208: 4207:Nicomedes III 4205: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4153: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4038:Demetrius III 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3993:Antimachus II 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3983:Apollodotus I 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3941: 3940:Eucratides II 3938: 3936: 3933: 3931: 3928: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3905:Euthydemus II 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3882: 3880: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3858: 3855: 3853: 3850: 3848: 3845: 3843: 3840: 3838: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3677: 3674: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3653: 3651: 3649: 3645: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3633:Ptolemy Apion 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3602: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3540:Cleopatra III 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3338: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3308: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3287: 3286: 3279:204 BC–181 BC 3277: 3276: 3269: 3263: 3258: 3251: 3246: 3245: 3236: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3204:0-500-28628-0 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3136:September 28, 3131: 3130:"Cleopatra I" 3124: 3121: 3118:, p. 162 3117: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3078: 3066: 3062: 3061:"Arsinoe III" 3055: 3052: 3049:, p. 171 3048: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3017: 3014: 3011:60 (1991) 219 3010: 3006: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2981: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2954: 2950: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2923: 2920: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2903: 2900: 2888: 2884: 2883:"Cleopatra I" 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2842: 2836: 2833: 2830:, p. 165 2829: 2824: 2821: 2816: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2774: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2746: 2742: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2701: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2600: 2596: 2593:Justin 30.2.8 2590: 2587: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2565: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2547: 2544: 2538: 2535: 2531: 2528: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2499: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2485: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2463: 2460: 2448: 2444: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2419: 2414: 2412:9780520246188 2408: 2404: 2400: 2399: 2391: 2388: 2383: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2364: 2361: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2315: 2311: 2304: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2289: 2283: 2273: 2267: 2263: 2262:Ludwig Koenen 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2231: 2228: 2221: 2213: 2210: 2207: 184 BC 2202: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2182:and grandson 2181: 2180:Cleopatra III 2176: 2173: 2170: 2167: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2147: 2144: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2070: 2068: 2062: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2043: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1915: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1895: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1804:Rosetta Stone 1801: 1797: 1793: 1788: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1766: 1765:Rosetta Stone 1761: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1714: 1710: 1702: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1589: 1585: 1579: 1575: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1543: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1513: 1510: 1506: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1449:from seizing 1448: 1447:Antiochus III 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1402: 1399: 1395: 1394:Rosetta Stone 1390: 1388: 1385:and parts of 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 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7531: 7512:Nepherites I 7471:Artaxerxes I 7458: 7388: 7376: 7359:(664–332 BC) 7339: 7295:Roman Period 7197:Shoshenq VII 7195: 7168: 7128: 7109:Shoshenq III 7091: 7056: 7019: 6997:Psusennes II 6910:Ramesses VII 6890:Ramesses III 6774:Amenhotep II 6769:Thutmose III 6705: 6594:Sobekemsaf I 6586: 6561: 6554: 6547: 6540: 6520: 6513: 6418: 6401: 6396:'Aper-'Anati 6394: 6387: 6380: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6304:Sekheperenre 6256: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6126:Neferhotep I 6116:Seth Meribre 6093: 6079:Djedkheperew 5996: 5957: 5948:Amenemhat IV 5938:Senusret III 5928:Amenemhat II 5844:Mentuhotep I 5806: 5695: 5655: 5648: 5641: 5634: 5560:Neferkare II 5511: 5504: 5437:Nyuserre Ini 5391: 5374: 5329: 5322: 5310: 5251: 5246:Neferkasokar 5244: 5237: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5199: 5192: 5185: 5150: 5143: 5051: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4994:Finger Snail 4992: 4985: 4965: 4953: 4946: 4939: 4932: 4925: 4918: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4890: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4832: 4692:Alexander II 4548:Paerisades V 4511:Spartokos IV 4475:Paerisades I 4450:Ariarathes X 4405:Ariarathes V 4380:Ariarathes I 4362:Antiochus IV 4347:Antiochus II 4279:Pharnaces II 4240:Ariobarzanes 4212:Nicomedes IV 4202:Nicomedes II 4128:Apollophanes 4113:Hippostratos 4028:Heliokles II 3988:Demetrius II 3968:Antimachus I 3930:Eucratides I 3925:Demetrius II 3910:Antimachus I 3895:Euthydemus I 3580:Ptolemy XIII 3555:Berenice III 3508: 3402:Antipater II 3369:Alexander IV 3283: 3281: 3273: 3256: 3249: 3242: 3194: 3175: 3158: 3148:Bibliography 3134:. 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Retrieved 2347: 2309: 2303: 2291: 2268:, p. 73 2240: 2230: 2192:Ptolemy VIII 2160:Cleopatra II 2111: 2083: 2071: 2063: 2047: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2000: 1967: 1940: 1910: 1896: 1892:epistrategos 1891: 1881: 1856:Adikhalamani 1853: 1828: 1789: 1769: 1731: 1716: 1657: 1631:and invaded 1614: 1598: 1563: 1547: 1514: 1501: 1495: 1463: 1416: 1403: 1391: 1379:Ankhwennefer 1336: 1323: 1311: 1310: 1248:Cleopatra II 1244:Ptolemy VIII 949: 945: 648: 482: 478: 468:Golden Horus 316: 312: 156: 152: 8015:Gordian III 7960:Diadumenian 7760:Cleopatra V 7614:(332–30 BC) 7609:Hellenistic 7552:Nectanebo I 7444:Cambyses II 7426:Psamtik III 7384:Tefnakht II 7186:Takelot III 7181:Osorkon III 7176:Shoshenq VI 7130:Pedubast II 7114:Shoshenq IV 7087:Shoshenq II 7052:Pinedjem II 7042:Menkheperre 6977:Psusennes I 6930:Ramesses XI 6920:Ramesses IX 6905:Ramesses VI 6895:Ramesses IV 6842:Ramesses II 6804:Tutankhamun 6779:Thutmose IV 6759:Thutmose II 6749:Amenhotep I 6721:New Kingdom 6656:New Kingdom 6515:Senusret IV 6499:Dedumose II 6474:Nebiriau II 6469:Nebiryraw I 6464:Mentuhotepi 6269:Khakherewre 6196:Merkheperre 6106:Imyremeshaw 6089:Sedjefakare 6044:Sehetepibre 6019:Ameny Qemau 5953:Sobekneferu 5933:Senusret II 5918:Amenemhat I 5900:Iyibkhentre 5630:Neferirkare 5625:Neferkauhor 5432:Shepseskare 5273:Old Kingdom 5259:Khasekhemwy 5239:Neferkara I 5208:Weneg-Nebty 5053:Scorpion II 4713:Pyrrhus III 4697:Olympias II 4667:Alexander I 4524: [ 4521:Spartokos V 4390:Ariamnes II 4337:Antiochus I 4299:Pythodorida 4255:Pharnaces I 4176:Zipoetes II 4171:Nicomedes I 4088:Artemidoros 4083:Menander II 4023:Antialcidas 4008:Agathokleia 3963:Demetrius I 3955:Indo-Greeks 3945:Heliocles I 3900:Demetrius I 3890:Diodotus II 3867:Eumenes III 3862:Attalus III 3837:Philetaerus 3806:Lysimachids 3618:Berenice II 3585:Ptolemy XIV 3467:(pretender) 3397:Alexander V 3379:Antipatrids 3337:Hellenistic 3294:Cleopatra I 3285:Cleopatra I 3161:. Methuen. 3022:Bibliotheca 2869:Cassius Dio 2794:Bibliotheca 2344:"Ptolemy V" 2266:Koenen 1977 2051:hieroglyphs 2023:Berenice II 1951:Ptolemy III 1947:Aristonicus 1943:Seleucus IV 1844:Cleopatra I 1820:Cleopatra I 1776:anacleteria 1719:Upper Egypt 1709:Hugronaphor 1610:Aristomenes 1604:and seized 1602:Coele-Syria 1488:Zeus' eagle 1459:Hugronaphor 1455:Upper Egypt 1451:Coele Syria 1423:Arsinoe III 1398:Cleopatra I 1387:Lower Egypt 1383:Upper Egypt 1375:Horwennefer 1343:Arsinoe III 1268:Arsinoe III 1230:Cleopatra I 110:Predecessor 8292:Categories 8132:Diocletian 8086:Quintillus 8039:Aemilianus 7994:Gordian II 7966:Elagabalus 7787:Arsinoe IV 7670:Arsinoe II 7595:Darius III 7522:Psammuthes 7411:Psamtik II 7226:Bakenranef 7164:Pedubast I 7159:Takelot II 7154:Harsiese A 7136:Osorkon IV 7124:Shoshenq V 7104:Osorkon II 7077:Shoshenq I 7047:Smendes II 7027:Pinedjem I 6972:Amenemnisu 6925:Ramesses X 6900:Ramesses V 6852:Amenmesses 6832:Ramesses I 6794:Smenkhkare 6764:Hatshepsut 6754:Thutmose I 6504:Montuemsaf 6494:Dedumose I 6294:Nebdjefare 6284:Merdjefare 6054:Nedjemibre 6049:Sewadjkare 5923:Senusret I 5895:Qakare Ini 5716:Meryhathor 5620:Neferkaure 5615:Qakare Iby 5600:Neferkahor 5585:Neferkamin 5393:Thamphthis 5387:Shepseskaf 5301:Sekhemkhet 5152:Horus Bird 5029:Scorpion I 4703:Pyrrhus II 4682:Alcetas II 4647:Tharrhypas 4614:Gepaepyris 4586:Scribonius 4480:Satyros II 4410:Orophernes 4322:Ptolemaeus 4304:Polemon II 4197:Prusias II 4166:Zipoetes I 4138:Strato III 4063:Theophilos 4043:Philoxenus 3998:Menander I 3978:Agathocles 3920:Agathocles 3885:Diodotus I 3857:Attalus II 3852:Eumenes II 3814:Lysimachus 3422:Antigonids 3298:Ptolemy VI 3268:Ptolemy IV 3185:0415201454 3116:Hölbl 2001 3092:Hölbl 2001 3070:7 November 3047:Hölbl 2001 2973:Hölbl 2001 2892:6 November 2846:33.39-41; 2828:Hölbl 2001 2750:29 October 2727:Hölbl 2001 2708:260 F45-46 2625:260 F45-46 2608:Hölbl 2001 2530:Macedonica 2491:Hölbl 2001 2452:29 October 2426:Hölbl 2001 2353:7 November 2284:References 2184:Ptolemy IX 2171:186-184 BC 2137:Ptolemy VI 2038:archiereus 2019:Arsinoe II 1987:Octadrachm 1932:Asia Minor 1835:Hellespont 1755:Coronation 1687:, notably 1649:Hellespont 1551:Tlepolemus 1549:figure of 1435:Agathoclea 1431:Agathocles 1419:Ptolemy IV 1371:Aegean Sea 1347:Agathocles 1339:Ptolemy IV 1294:Alexandria 1258:Ptolemy IV 1240:Ptolemy VI 302:Nebty name 142:Horus name 124:Ptolemy VI 114:Ptolemy IV 8264:Ptolemaic 8072:Gallienus 7987:Gordian I 7950:Caracalla 7876:Vespasian 7870:Vitellius 7652:Ptolemaic 7494:Amyrtaeus 7476:Darius II 7421:Ahmose II 7401:Psamtik I 7340:uncertain 7328:Pharaohs 7264:Tanutamun 7099:Takelot I 7082:Osorkon I 7032:Masaharta 6982:Amenemope 6885:Setnakhte 6847:Merneptah 6789:Akhenaten 6706:uncertain 6588:Nebmaatre 6409:Sakir-Har 6362:Yaqub-Har 6274:Nebefawre 6024:Hotepibre 5890:Segerseni 5859:Intef III 5807:uncertain 5795:Pharaohs 5427:Neferefre 5253:Hudjefa I 5134:Semerkhet 4871:Hedju Hor 4833:uncertain 4821:Pharaohs 4687:Pyrrhus I 4652:Alcetas I 4558:Pharnaces 4533:Kamasarye 4516:Leukon II 4500:Hygiainon 4455:Archelaus 4294:Polemon I 4192:Prusias I 4133:Strato II 4123:Zoilos II 4118:Dionysios 4098:Archebius 4068:Peukolaos 4033:Polyxenos 3973:Pantaleon 3915:Pantaleon 3847:Attalus I 3842:Eumenes I 3648:Seleucids 3476:Ptolemies 3465:Philip VI 3412:Sosthenes 3392:Philip IV 3387:Cassander 3354:Philip II 3167:876137911 3020:Diodorus 2951:21.45.8; 2939:37.3.9-11 2909:22.17.3-7 2780:18.55.3-6 2662:31.43.5-7 2573:Chapter 8 2525:31.14.5; 2079:Apis bull 2034:strategos 1739:Lycopolis 1727:Ankhmakis 1713:Ankhmakis 1693:Telmessus 1617:Palestine 1469:Regencies 1389:as well. 1359:Antigonid 120:Successor 8224:21 to 23 8142:Galerius 8137:Maximian 8126:Numerian 8093:Aurelian 8045:Valerian 8008:Balbinus 8001:Pupienus 7955:Macrinus 7927:Pertinax 7921:Commodus 7886:Domitian 7849:Claudius 7844:Caligula 7839:Tiberius 7834:Augustus 7454:Darius I 7406:Necho II 7249:Shebitku 7221:Tefnakht 6814:Horemheb 6744:Ahmose I 6556:Pantjeny 6542:Senebkay 6522:Pepi III 6484:Bebiankh 6341:Shenshek 6299:Nebsenre 6131:Sihathor 6101:Khendjer 6064:Renseneb 6009:Nerikare 5854:Intef II 5731:Merykare 5636:Wadjkare 5580:Merenhor 5475:Userkare 5382:Menkaure 5376:Bikheris 5365:Djedefre 5331:Qahedjet 5215:Wadjenes 5201:Horus Sa 5194:Nubnefer 5181:Nynetjer 5145:Sneferka 4885:Ni-Neith 4771:Pharaohs 4718:Deidamia 4699:(regent) 4672:Aeacides 4609:Aspurgus 4502:(regent) 4485:Prytanis 4327:Sames II 4183:(regent) 4156:Boteiras 4103:Telephos 4093:Hermaeus 4048:Diomedes 4018:Strato I 4003:Zoilos I 3829:Attalids 3516:(regent) 3455:Philip V 3157:(1927). 3009:Hesperia 2949:Polybius 2907:Polybius 2798:Plutarch 2791:Diodorus 2778:Polybius 2695:18.40a; 2693:Polybius 2518:30.2.8; 2472:Polybius 2466:Justin, 1936:Pergamum 1780:Polybius 1647:and the 1641:Attalids 1639:and the 1606:Damascus 1555:Pelusium 1509:Polybius 1492:Heracles 1427:Sosibius 1363:Philip V 1357:and the 1351:Seleucid 1236:Children 8119:Carinus 8100:Tacitus 8058:Quietus 7901:Hadrian 7585:Khabash 7416:Wahibre 7396:Necho I 7390:Nekauba 7378:Ammeris 7321:Dynasty 7259:Taharqa 7254:Shabaka 7191:Rudamun 7170:Iuput I 7015:Herihor 6967:Smendes 6867:Twosret 6857:Seti II 6701:female) 6686:Dynasty 6582:Rahotep 6479:Semenre 6449:Djehuti 6431:Khamudi 6420:Yanassi 6403:Salitis 6355:Yakareb 6348:Khamure 6279:Sehebre 6201:Merkare 5849:Intef I 5788:Dynasty 5697:Imhotep 5657:Iytjenu 5643:Khuiqer 5555:Menkare 5506:Neferka 5490:Pepi II 5412:Userkaf 5306:Sanakht 5129:Anedjib 5109:Hor-Aha 5042:Iry-Hor 5036:Shendjw 5008:Pen-Abu 4892:Hat-Hor 4814:Dynasty 4708:Ptolemy 4662:Arybbas 4642:Admetus 4624:Cotys I 4604:Polemon 4599:Polemon 4595:Dynamis 4590:Dynamis 4581:Dynamis 4577:Asander 4567:Dynamis 4563:Asander 4490:Eumelos 4289:Arsaces 4264:Laodice 4187:Ziaelas 4181:Etazeta 4058:Epander 4053:Amyntas 3460:Perseus 3346:Argeads 3024:29.29; 2867:33.13; 2852:Syriaca 2801:Moralia 2796:18.14; 2683:260 F46 2474:15.25.3 2298:p. 208. 2258:Mecheir 2254:Phaophi 2102:Memphis 2055:Demotic 1995:chlamys 1872:Comanus 1785:Memphis 1743:Busiris 1697:Ephesus 1689:Xanthos 1677:Cilicia 1672:Aetolia 1625:Ptolemy 1522:Ptolemy 1441:in the 1300:Dynasty 1226:Consort 91:of the 81:Pharaoh 8259:Argead 8106:Probus 8026:Decius 8021:Philip 7896:Trajan 7624:Argead 7533:Muthis 7486:XXVIII 7466:Xerxes 7334:female 7312:Period 7021:Piankh 6992:Siamun 6862:Siptah 6837:Seti I 6677:Period 6629:Kamose 6563:Snaaib 6533:Abydos 6389:Semqen 6382:Sharek 6334:Sheneh 6314:'Apepi 6309:Bebnum 6264:Nehesy 6084:Sebkay 6004:Sonbef 5801:female 5779:Period 5590:Nikare 5480:Pepi I 5417:Sahure 5370:Khafre 5355:Snefru 5324:Sedjes 5296:Djoser 5222:Senedj 5100:Narmer 5059:Narmer 4941:Wazner 4906:Hsekiu 4878:Ny-Hor 4827:female 4805:Period 4284:Darius 4078:Nicias 4073:Thraso 4013:Lysias 3339:rulers 3259:181 BC 3255: 3252:209 BC 3201: 3182: 3165: 3026:Jerome 2848:Appian 2817:. BBC. 2803:71c-d. 2647:31.2.3 2527:Appian 2470:30.2; 2409: 2378: 2316: 2250:Mesore 2151:145 BC 2131:Notes 2098:Anubis 2057:, and 2030:Cyprus 1991:diadem 1973:Regime 1963:Aradus 1918:Senate 1884:decree 1824:relief 1796:stelae 1734:Abydos 1723:Thebes 1695:, and 1660:Scopas 1645:Thrace 1637:Rhodes 1538:Amyzon 1518:Pelops 1505:diadem 1484:diadem 1290:Burial 1264:Mother 1254:Father 74:200 BC 8112:Carus 7891:Nerva 7881:Titus 7859:Galba 7826:XXXIV 7811:Roman 7590:Arses 7517:Hakor 7436:XXVII 7146:XXIII 6736:XVIII 6696:(male 6426:Apepi 6414:Khyan 6327:Wazad 6095:Wegaf 6029:Iufni 5883:Nubia 5691:Setut 5513:Nefer 5360:Khufu 5318:Khaba 5312:Nebka 5176:Nebra 5104:Menes 5063:Menes 5015:Stork 4978:Upper 4934:Neheb 4927:Thesh 4913:Khayu 4862:Lower 4597:with 4579:with 4565:with 4528:] 4262:with 3935:Plato 3613:Magas 3282:with 3257:Died: 3250:Born: 3032:11.20 2958:38.39 2924:36.41 2871:19.18 2863:Livy 2569:Bevan 2403:23-24 2222:Notes 2128:Death 2125:Birth 2122:Image 2090:Horus 2067:Horus 2059:Greek 1868:Asyut 1864:Syene 1860:Meroe 1741:near 1685:Ionia 1681:Lycia 1668:Sidon 1633:Caria 1629:Samos 1534:Caria 1490:with 1361:king 1353:king 1316:Greek 935:Nomen 101:Reign 7945:Geta 7864:Otho 7854:Nero 7572:XXXI 7557:Teos 7504:XXIX 7369:XXVI 7354:Late 7331:male 7291:Late 7244:Piye 7213:XXIV 7119:Pami 7069:XXII 6658:and 6574:XVII 6320:Nuya 5989:XIII 5798:male 5760:and 5650:Khui 5547:VIII 5470:Teti 5452:Unas 5337:Huni 5139:Qa'a 5119:Djet 5114:Djer 5022:Bull 5001:Fish 4967:Wash 4948:Mekh 4824:male 3296:and 3227:and 3199:ISBN 3180:ISBN 3163:OCLC 3138:2019 3072:2019 2953:Livy 2934:Livy 2919:Livy 2894:2019 2841:Livy 2752:2019 2705:FGrH 2697:Livy 2680:FGrH 2672:Livy 2657:Livy 2622:FGrH 2532:4.1. 2520:Livy 2454:2019 2407:ISBN 2376:ISBN 2355:2019 2314:ISBN 2272:help 2244:The 2119:Name 2094:Edfu 1993:and 1900:Sais 1711:and 1683:and 1621:Gaza 1429:and 1377:and 1341:and 1328:King 1282:Died 1274:Born 89:King 7544:XXX 7293:to 7236:XXV 6959:XXI 6824:XIX 6441:XVI 6221:XIV 6069:Hor 5910:XII 5543:VII 5288:III 5124:Den 4920:Tiu 4786:to 4161:Bas 2100:at 2092:at 1858:of 1330:of 8294:: 8254:31 8249:30 8244:27 8239:26 8234:25 8229:24 8219:20 8214:19 8209:18 8204:12 8199:11 6877:XX 6809:Ay 6373:XV 5836:XI 5668:IX 5462:VI 5347:IV 5187:Ba 5163:II 5102:/ 5061:/ 5047:Ka 4899:Pu 4526:ru 3080:^ 3063:. 3037:^ 3028:, 3004:IG 2963:^ 2885:. 2854:3. 2850:, 2768:11 2743:. 2713:^ 2598:^ 2571:, 2507:^ 2479:^ 2445:. 2433:^ 2405:. 2346:. 2328:^ 2204:c. 2053:, 1965:. 1699:. 1691:, 1461:. 1322:, 1318:: 72:c. 56:: 48:: 8194:4 8190:3 8187:2 8183:1 5708:X 5545:/ 5404:V 5092:I 4987:A 4955:A 4763:e 4756:t 4749:v 3329:e 3322:t 3315:v 3207:. 3188:. 3169:. 3140:. 3074:. 2896:. 2754:. 2575:. 2456:. 2415:. 2384:. 2357:. 2322:. 2276:. 2274:) 1314:( 34:. 20:)

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