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468:(1.3 km or 0.8 mi northeast of Puʻu ʻŌʻō) during 23–27 September. Minor lava activity resumed within Puʻu ʻOʻo Crater with short lava flows issuing from the base of the east wall on 25 September and from the west wall base during 25–26 September. The crater floor of Puʻu ʻŌʻō slowly subsided. Lava activity resumed within the east lake on 26 September. The floor of the crater continued to subside during 26–27 September, opening up cracks in the north crater floor.
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of the eastern rift zone, on
January 3, 1983. By June 1983, the activity had strengthened and localized to the Puʻu ʻŌʻō vent. Over the next three years, 44 eruptive episodes with lava fountains as high as 460 meters (1,510 ft) stopped traffic at points across east Hawaiʻi. The fallout of cinder
427:
In 2007, after a cluster of earthquakes, activity in Puʻu ʻŌʻō subsided and the crater floor collapsed, with no incandescence visible in the crater after the end of August. Lava began emerging from a series of cracks in the northeast rift zone and spread slowly east and south as a perched flow, with
678:
In 2021, the U.S. Board on
Geographic Names updated the spelling of the geographic feature from "Pu'u 'Ō'ō" to "Pu'u'ō'ō," following Hawai'i Board on Geographic Names guidelines. Pu'u 'Ō'ō and various other spellings are used in previous USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory publications and multimedia
391:
The volume of lava erupted from Kūpaʻianahā declined steadily through 1991, and in early 1992, the vent died. The eruption then returned to Puʻu ʻŌʻō, where flank vents on the west and southwest sides of the cone constructed a new lava shield. Soon lava tubes were feeding lava from the vents to the
454:
On
September 21, 2011, lava in the west lava lake in Puʻu ʻŌʻō Crater fed a series of lava flows that traveled down the west flank of Puʻu ʻŌʻō during September 20–21. At about 0225 UTC on September 21, activity in the crater and overflows to the west suddenly decreased, as lava broke through the
423:
As of
January 2007, 3.1 cubic km of lava had covered 117 km (45 sq mi) and added 201 hectares (500 acres) to Kīlauea's southern shore. The new shoreline was 15.6 km (9.7 mi) long. The lava flows have destroyed 189 structures and covered 14 km (8.7 mi) of highway
403:
was escaping from the conduit leading to the Puʻu ʻŌʻō vent, cutting off the supply to the ongoing eruption. The lava pond at Puʻu ʻŌʻō drained, and residents 10 miles (16 km) away heard a low, rumbling roar as the crater floor dropped 500 feet (150 m) and the west wall of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō
459:
lava flow that advanced rapidly downslope 2.5 km (1.6 mi) southeast. A second flow to the west of the first began the next day. In addition, a small pad of lava actively refilled the bottom of the drained east lava lake and small flows were barely active at the west edge of Puʻu ʻŌʻō
538:
On May 24, 2016, a new vent opened on the east flank of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō that cut the supply of lava to the June 27th flow, which became inactive by June 8, 2016. Lava from the new vent, informally named the "61g" flow by the
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, flowed south and began entering the ocean at
512:. The sequence was repeated twice more over the following days with lava entering other cracks and reappearing farther downslope. In this way, the flow had advanced approximately 13.2 km (8.2 mi) from the vent, or to within 1.3 km (0.81 mi) of the eastern boundary of the
379:. Kaimū Bay and Kalapana Black Sand Beach were also completely covered with lava. Over 100 homes were destroyed by the ever-broadening flow field in a nine-month period. New tubes diverted lava away from Kalapana early in 1991, and lava once again entered the ocean within
355:
in
November, 1986. In the course of that month, lava cut a swath through Kapaʻahu, covered the coastal highway, and finally reached the ocean 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) from the vent. Some weeks later, the lava flow shifted eastwards and buried 14 houses in the town of
404:
cone collapsed. A few hours later, as magma found a new path to the surface, the ground cracked in nearby Nāpau Crater, and lava fountains lit up the night sky. However, activity in this area was short-lived, and the center of activity soon shifted back to Puʻu ʻŌʻō.
439:
In late July 2008, additional flows extended from the eastern vents of Puʻu ʻŌʻō and in
October multiple new fissures opened along the length of the tube expanding into Royal Gardens Subdivision and covered a large area of the coastal flats in November 2008.
392:
ocean, with few surface flows in between. The flank vents have held center stage ever since, with the exception of a two-month pause in activity, early in 1997, which followed a brief fissure eruption in Nāpau Crater, a short distance southwest of Puʻu ʻŌʻō.
443:
On March 5, 2011, the floor of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater deflated, then collapsed. Two hours later, a new eruption occurred in Kīlauea's middle east zone, between Puʻu ʻŌʻō and Napau Crater. Lava fountains were reported to be 65 feet (20 m) high.
531:. As a result, work was begun to reopen Chain of Craters Road, initially as a one-lane gravelled surface, and to make Railroad Avenue and Government Beach Road usable as emergency routes. However, the flow stopped just short of entering Pāhoa.
561:
On April 30, 2018, Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō's crater floor collapsed as magma drained from the area beneath the cone. Following the collapse, seismicity and ground deformation increased downrift of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō. On May 3, fissures opened up at the
539:
Kamokuna on July 26, 2016. Lava from the 61g flow covered part of the regraded (but never reopened) new section of the Chain of
Craters Road. The road is kept flat for use by authorities, but is no longer a public thoroughfare.
471:
The 2011 activity ultimately destroyed all remaining homes in the Royal
Gardens Subdivision. Jack Thompson evacuated his home March 2, 2012. His evacuation and return to the property was documented by Leigh Hilbert.
348:. The lava tube allowed the fluid pahoehoe lava to retain heat and flow long distances. In less than a year, overflow from the lake created a broad and low shield about 55 meters (180 ft) above Kūpaʻianahā.
260:
By
January 2005, 2.7 cubic kilometers (0.65 cu mi) of magma covered an area of more than 117 square kilometers (45 sq mi) and added 230 acres (0.93 km) of land to the southeast coast of
265:. The eruption claimed at least 189 buildings and 14 kilometers (8.7 mi) of highways, as well as a church, a store, the Wahaʻula Visitor Center, and many ancient Hawaiian sites, including the Wahaʻula
339:
to Puʻu ʻŌʻō ruptured, and the eruption abruptly shifted 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) downrift to form the Kūpaʻianahā vent. With the new vent came a new style of eruption: continuous, quiet effusion from a
534:
By March 2015, the June 27 flow retreated to within 6 kilometers of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, greatly reducing the threat to Pāhoa. Lava from the June 27 flow remained active in this area through the remainder of 2015.
1154:
257:. The eruption that created Puʻu ʻŌʻō began on January 3, 1983, and continued nearly continuously until April 30, 2018, making it the longest-lived rift-zone eruption of the last two centuries.
281:
The hill was initially nicknamed "Puʻu O" by volcanologists, as its position when marked on a map of the area coincided with an "o" in "Lava flow of 1965". Later, the elders of the village of
523:
In December 2014, a sustained lava breakout from this lava flow (informally named the "June 27 flow" by Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists) threatened to enter the town of
1004:
74:
301:
for consistency with the board's spelling guidelines. The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory began following the new recommended naming convention shortly thereafter.
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webcam. The USGS stated that the accumulation of lava had put the crater floor about 39 m (128 ft) below the eastern crater rim, as of June 1.
573:
In January 2019, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory scientists stated that, considering historical data of prior rift zone eruptions and criteria used by the
595:
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to the east-northeast. On August 18, the flow entered a ground crack, traveled underground for several days, then resurfaced to form a small
879:
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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Daily Update, U.S. Geological Survey; Tuesday, May 1, 2018, 8:49 AM HST (Tuesday, May 1, 2018, 18:49 UTC)
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In 1990, the eruption entered its most destructive phase, when flows turned eastward and completely destroyed the villages of
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replaced the episodic high fountaining. After a few weeks, a roof formed over the main lava outflow channel, which created a
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Crater. The channelized ʻaʻā lava flow reached 3.7 km (2.3 mi) long on 23 September and then stalled within the
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516:, by the afternoon of September 3. Advancing to the northeast at intermittent rates, the flow had entered the village of
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U.S. Geological Survey fact sheet 144-02: The Puʻu ʻŌʻō-Kūpaʻianahā eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, 1983 to 2003
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slow advances of ʻaʻā. The flow spread mostly over flows of 1983–1986, with minor incursions into adjoining forests.
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has been closed since 1987, as parts of the road have been buried under lava up to 35 meters (115 ft) thick.
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USGS Volcano Hazards Program: The Puʻu ʻŌʻō-Kūpaʻianahā eruption: still flowing after all these years
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On June 27, 2014, new vents opened on the northeast flank of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō cone that fed a narrow
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and spatter from the towering lava fountains built a cone 255 meters (837 ft) high.
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upper east flank of Puʻu ʻŌʻō, bypassing the crater. The new fissure fed a channelized
352:
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570:. Through the rest of 2018, Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō continued to experience intermittent collapses.
360:
within one day. The lava flow at Kalapana ceased when the lava tube system shut down.
297:". In 2021, the Hawaiʻi Board of Geographic Names updated the spelling of the cone as
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to determine the end of an eruption, the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō eruption was most likely over.
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647:
The Puʻu ʻŌʻō-Kūpaianaha Eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi: The First 20 Years
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and was within 25 meters (27 yards) of the waste recycling center on October 31.
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2018: Activity at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō stops; eruption shifts to the Lower East Rift Zone
396:
250:
447:
On March 26, 2011, lava began to refill the crater's floor, being visible in
89:
76:
1564:
1386:
1236:
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1215:
1209:
717:"Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater floor collapse followed by middle east rift zone eruption"
505:
345:
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41:
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The Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption began when fissures split the ground in the remote
524:
492:
480:
479:
Lava from the Puʻu ʻŌʻō cinder cone has flowed 14 miles into the town of
310:
1983 – 1986: High lava fountains build tall cinder and spatter cone
1024:"Kīlauea 2018: Lower East Rift Zone Eruption and Summit-Collapse Events"
679:
items, which include "Volcano Watch" articles, photos, videos, and maps.
557:
Collapse in the crater of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, creating an ash plume (May 3, 2018)
1278:
1048:. US Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. January 31, 2019.
1376:
1299:
118:
57:
483:. The lava has breached the boundary of the Pāhoa Transfer Station.
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1257:
1243:
847:"Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases"
826:"Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases"
734:"Recent Kilauea Status Reports, Updates, and Information Releases"
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527:, and to cut Highway 130, the only route into and out of Lower
983:"USGS: Volcano Hazards Program - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory"
880:"First look at completed Puna lava flow emergency bypass road"
649:. In: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper. 1676, 2003.
596:"Scientists debate whether Leilani Estates eruption is 'new'"
1339:
399:
struck Kīlauea's east rift zone. Deep within the rift zone,
1042:"7 months of no lava at Pu'u 'Ō'ō heralds end of an era"
944:
942:
697:(Report). Hawaiʻi Board on Geographic Names. p. 83
331:
1986 – 1991: Eruption shifts east to Kūpaʻianahā
233:
954:
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey
728:
726:
419:
Aerial view of Puʻu ʻŌʻō taken on September 10, 2007
293:. The name is also often translated as "Hill of the
1583:
1505:
1415:
1350:
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901:"Lava flow taxes county budget - West Hawaii Today"
719:. USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. March 5, 2011.
464:. Most of the active lava spread south and west of
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424:with as much as 35 m (115 ft) of lava.
367:Aerial view of Puʻu ʻŌʻō taken on August 30, 1990
351:Lava streams were first visible from the town of
1003:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
395:On the evening of January 29, 1997, a series of
950:"Pu'u 'Ō'ō and the Current Eruption of Kīlauea"
1135:
491:March 2015. Looking south toward the town of
8:
622:"USGS uncertain how long eruption will last"
500:2014 – 2016: Lava flow threatens Pāhoa
985:. Archived from the original on May 4, 2018
972:
970:
318:USGS Map of Historic Flows 1983–April, 2008
285:were asked to name the new hill, and chose
1142:
1128:
1120:
645:C. Heliker, D.A. Swanson, T.J. Takahashi:
31:
926:"HVO: Lava Flow Warning Alert Downgraded"
406:
788:. Hawaii Tribute Herald. Archived from
663:"The Pu'u'ō'ō Eruption Lasted 35 Years"
586:
387:1992 – 2013: Steady lava effusion
1115:USGS summary of the Pu‘u ʻŌʻō eruption
996:
226:
27:Volcanic cone in the Hawaiian Islands
7:
812:"Jack Thompson's royal Gardens Home"
335:In July 1986, the conduit feeding
25:
1692:Cinder cones of the United States
411:Cutaway of Puʻu ʻŌʻō January 1997
1515:1955 Hawaiian submarine eruption
1087: This article incorporates
1082:
1063: This article incorporates
1058:
764:Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports
40:
1611:Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain
1606:Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
1596:Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
1100:United States Geological Survey
1076:United States Geological Survey
566:, marking the beginning of the
462:Kahaualeʻa Natural Area Reserve
194:Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain
594:Dayton, Kevin (May 31, 2018).
514:Wao Kele o Puna Forest Reserve
381:Hawaii Volcanoes National Park
1:
692:Spelling corrections, Hawaiʻi
620:Awa, Brenton (June 4, 2018).
1621:Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
435:USGS map of 2008 lava flows
1718:
1535:2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
1525:1984 eruption of Mauna Loa
1520:1975 eruption of Mauna Loa
738:Hawaii Volcano Observatory
546:
62:2,290 ft (700 m)
1337:
1326:North Arch volcanic field
1174:South Arch volcanic field
291:hill of the digging stick
39:
1530:2018 lower Puna eruption
786:"Lava Claims Final Home"
600:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
575:Global Volcanism Program
568:2018 lower Puna eruption
549:2018 lower Puna eruption
18:Pu'u 'Ō'ō
1666:Puna Geothermal Venture
1601:Haleakalā National Park
46:View at dusk, June 1983
1407:Pearl and Hermes Atoll
1344:
1089:public domain material
1065:public domain material
1028:U.S. Geological Survey
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228:[ˈpuʔuˈʔoːʔoː]
90:19.38639°N 155.10500°W
1362:French Frigate Shoals
1343:
867:USGS map July 29,2014
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1294:East Molokai Volcano
1289:West Molokai Volcano
976:April 30, 2018; cf.
667:US Geological Survey
218:, and often written
95:19.38639; -155.10500
1641:Mauna Loa eruptions
1540:Keanakakoi eruption
905:westhawaiitoday.com
271:The coastal highway
177:Cinder/spatter cone
86: /
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1626:Kīlauea eruptions
1616:Hawaiian eruption
1545:ʻAilāʻau eruption
1506:Notable eruptions
1367:Gardner Pinnacles
878:Lincoln, Mileka.
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201:Last eruption
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115:Hawaii County
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1661:Pele's tears
1651:Pele (deity)
1574:
1550:Halemaʻumaʻu
1392:Midway Atoll
1298:
1284:Penguin Bank
1256:
1249:
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1235:
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1094:
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1036:
1027:
987:. Retrieved
977:
957:. Retrieved
953:
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920:
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904:
895:
883:. Retrieved
873:
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850:. Retrieved
841:
831:September 5,
829:. Retrieved
820:
806:
794:. Retrieved
790:the original
780:
768:. Retrieved
763:
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737:
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686:
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666:
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625:
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131:Parent range
29:
1656:Pele's hair
1636:Limu o Pele
1591:ʻAʻā (lava)
1560:Kīlauea Iki
1198:Kīlauea Iki
852:October 31,
796:October 28,
770:October 14,
744:October 14,
466:Puʻu Halulu
397:earthquakes
162:Age of rock
93: /
81:155°06′18″W
68:Coordinates
1686:Categories
1372:Kure Atoll
1237:Kahoʻolawe
701:August 26,
672:August 26,
581:References
324:rainforest
289:, meaning
224:pronounced
78:19°23′11″N
1575:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
1565:Mauna Ulu
1508:and vents
1437:Daikakuji
1419:Seamounts
1387:Maro Reef
1274:West Maui
1269:Haleakalā
1226:Mauna Kea
1216:Mauna Loa
1210:Mauna Ulu
1206:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
760:"Kilauea"
510:lava pond
506:lava flow
346:lava tube
342:lava lake
295:ʻŌʻō Bird
287:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
277:Etymology
247:rift zone
212:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
205:1983–2018
183:Volcanic
106:Geography
58:Elevation
35:Puʻu ʻŌʻō
1331:Waiʻanae
1311:Honolulu
1279:Molokaʻi
1221:Hualālai
1184:Māhukona
1164:Windward
1153:topics (
999:cite web
959:June 20,
631:June 13,
605:June 13,
449:USGS HVO
373:Kalapana
358:Kalapana
299:Pu‘u‘ō‘ō
283:Kalapana
216:Pu‘u‘ō‘ō
166:41 years
144:Topo map
111:Location
1702:Kīlauea
1497:Yuryaku
1477:Nintoku
1447:Hancock
1442:Detroit
1432:Colahan
1417:Emperor
1352:Leeward
1321:Koʻolau
1300:Niʻihau
1194:Kīlauea
1189:Hawaiʻi
353:Kapaʻau
263:Hawaiʻi
251:Kīlauea
241:) is a
234:poo-oo-
156:Geology
151:Kalalua
1584:Topics
1462:Kimmei
1427:Abbott
1377:Laysan
1316:Kaʻena
1258:Lānaʻi
1251:Kaʻula
1244:Kauaʻi
1231:Kohala
989:May 6,
931:May 5,
910:May 5,
885:May 5,
740:. USGS
220:Puu Oo
119:Hawaii
1492:Yomei
1487:Suiko
1472:Meiji
1457:Kammu
1452:Jingū
1402:Nihoa
1354:Isles
1306:Oʻahu
1166:Isles
1091:from
1067:from
695:(PDF)
525:Pāhoa
518:Pāhoa
493:Pāhoa
481:Pāhoa
401:magma
377:Kaimū
337:magma
267:heiau
1482:Ojin
1467:Koko
1264:Maui
1155:list
1005:link
991:2018
961:2018
933:2018
912:2018
887:2018
854:2014
833:2014
798:2014
772:2012
746:2012
703:2021
674:2021
633:2018
607:2018
529:Puna
457:ʻaʻā
375:and
189:belt
149:USGS
249:of
238:-oh
185:arc
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