338:
descriptor represents a partial aspect. The search using the thesaurus MeSH is more accurate and will give fewer irrelevant results. In addition, it saves the disadvantage of the free text search in which the spelling, singular/plural or abbreviated differences have to be taken into consideration. On the other side, articles more recently incorporated into the database to which descriptors have not yet been assigned will not be found. Therefore, to guarantee an exhaustive search, a combination of controlled language headings and free text terms must be used.
386:
include more specific terms. Terms like "nursing" are automatically linked to "Nursing " or "Nursing ". This feature is called Auto Term
Mapping and is enacted, by default, in free text searching but not exact phrase searching (i.e. enclosing the search query with double quotes). This feature makes PubMed searches more sensitive and avoids false-negative (missed) hits by compensating for the diversity of medical terminology.
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38:
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related articles are then listed in order of "relatedness". To create these lists of related articles, PubMed compares words from the title and abstract of each citation, as well as the MeSH headings assigned, using a powerful word-weighted algorithm. The 'related articles' function has been judged to be so precise that the authors of a paper suggested it can be used instead of a full search.
576:
eutils-application program interface as described in "The E-utilities In-Depth: Parameters, Syntax and More", by Eric Sayers, PhD. Various citation format generators, taking PMID numbers as input, are examples of web applications making use of the eutils-application program interface. Sample web pages include
287:
PubMed translates this initial search formulation and automatically adds field names, relevant MeSH (Medical
Subject Headings) terms, synonyms, Boolean operators, and 'nests' the resulting terms appropriately, enhancing the search formulation significantly, in particular by routinely combining (using
233:
As of 23 May 2023, PubMed has more than 35 million citations and abstracts dating back to 1966, selectively to the year 1865, and very selectively to 1809. As of the same date, 24.6 million of PubMed's records are listed with their abstracts, and 26.8 million records have links to full-text
346:
When a journal article is indexed, numerous article parameters are extracted and stored as structured information. Such parameters are: Article Type (MeSH terms, e.g., "Clinical Trial"), Secondary identifiers, (MeSH terms), Language, Country of the
Journal or publication history (e-publication date,
376:
A reference which is judged particularly relevant can be marked and "related articles" can be identified. If relevant, several studies can be selected and related articles to all of them can be generated (on PubMed or any of the other NCBI Entrez databases) using the 'Find related data' option. The
337:
The search into PubMed's search window is only recommended for the search of unequivocal topics or new interventions that do not yet have a MeSH heading created, as well as for the search for commercial brands of medicines and proper nouns. It is also useful when there is no suitable heading or the
333:
For optimal searches in PubMed, it is necessary to understand its core component, MEDLINE, and especially of the MeSH (Medical
Subject Headings) controlled vocabulary used to index MEDLINE articles. They may also require complex search strategies, use of field names (tags), proper use of limits and
546:
and many other commercial, non-commercial, and academic providers. As of
October 2008, more than 500 licenses had been issued, more than 200 of them to providers outside the United States. As licenses to use MEDLINE data are available for free, the NLM in effect provides a free testing ground
367:
Since July 2005, the MEDLINE article indexing process extracts identifiers from the article abstract and puts those in a field called
Secondary Identifier (SI). The secondary identifier field is to store accession numbers to various databases of molecular sequence data, gene expression or chemical
385:
PubMed automatically links to MeSH terms and subheadings. Examples would be: "bad breath" links to (and includes in the search) "halitosis", "heart attack" to "myocardial infarction", "breast cancer" to "breast neoplasms". Where appropriate, these MeSH terms are automatically "expanded", that is,
254:
A new PubMed interface was launched in
October 2009 and encouraged the use of such quick, Google-like search formulations; they have also been described as 'telegram' searches. By default the results are sorted by Most Recent, but this can be changed to Best Match, Publication Date, First Author,
240:
PubMed has been reported to include some articles published in predatory journals. MEDLINE and PubMed policies for the selection of journals for database inclusion are slightly different. Weaknesses in the criteria and procedures for indexing journals in PubMed
Central may allow publications from
575:
As most of these and other alternatives rely essentially on PubMed/MEDLINE data leased under license from the NLM/PubMed, the term "PubMed derivatives" has been suggested. Without the need to store about 90 GB of original PubMed
Datasets, anybody can write PubMed applications using the
434:
in
Seattle. Users at these institutions see their institution's logo within the PubMed search result (if the journal is held at that institution) and can access the full-text. Link out is being consolidated with Outside Tool as of the major platform update coming in the Summer of 2019.
623:. These models demonstrate the significant potential of PubMed data in enhancing the capabilities of AI in medical research and healthcare applications. Such advancements underline the growing intersection between large-scale data mining and AI development in the biomedical field.
443:
In 2016, PubMed allows authors of articles to comment on articles indexed by PubMed. This feature was initially tested in a pilot mode (since 2013) and was made permanent in 2016. In February 2018, PubMed Commons was discontinued due to the fact that "usage has remained minimal".
612:. In these cases, queries of PubMed are written as lines of code and passed to PubMed and the response is then processed directly in the programming environment. Code can be automated to systematically query with different keywords such as disease, year, organs, etc.
389:
PubMed does not apply automatic mapping of the term in the following circumstances: by writing the quoted phrase (e.g., "kidney allograft"), when truncated on the asterisk (e.g., kidney allograft*), and when looking with field labels (e.g., Cancer ).
368:
compounds and clinical trial IDs. For clinical trials, PubMed extracts trial IDs for the two largest trial registries: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT identifier) and the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (IRCTN identifier).
619:. Recent advancements in this field include the development of models like PubMedGPT, a 2.7B parameter model trained on PubMed data by Stanford CRFM, and Microsoft's BiomedCLIP-PubMedBERT, which utilizes figure-caption pairs from PubMed Central for
258:
The PubMed website design and domain was updated in January 2020 and became default on 15 May 2020, with the updated and new features. There was a critical reaction from many researchers who frequently use the site.
498:
columns, and any other piece that the editor chooses to include in the journal, as well as peer-reviewed papers. The existence of the identification number is also not proof that the papers have not been
426:
LinkOut is an NLM facility to link and make available full-text local journal holdings. Some 3,200 sites (mainly academic institutions) participate in this NLM facility (as of March 2010), from
1559:
234:
versions (of which 10.9 million articles are available, full-text for free). Over the last 10 years (ending 31 December 2019), an average of nearly one million new records were added each year.
156:. PubMed, first released in January 1996, ushered in the era of private, free, home- and office-based MEDLINE searching. The PubMed system was offered free to the public starting in June 1997.
1216:
2642:
3630:
2777:
1824:
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option (for focused clinical questions) created by the NLM. A "PubMed Mobile" option, providing access to a mobile friendly, simplified PubMed version, is also available.
736:
510:
Each number that is entered in the PubMed search window is treated by default as if it were a PMID. Therefore, any reference in PubMed can be located using the PMID.
418:
and a wide range of other options. The "My NCBI" area can be accessed from any computer with web-access. An earlier version of "My NCBI" was called "PubMed Cubby".
3559:
2835:
1888:
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for a wide range of alternative interfaces and 3rd party additions to PubMed, one of a very few large, professionally curated databases which offers this option.
1858:
3544:
3387:
3036:
2703:
676:
213:
111:
3600:
1133:
Fatehi F, Gray LC, Wootton R (January 2014). "How to improve your PubMed/MEDLINE searches: 2. display settings, complex search queries and topic searching".
1775:
550:
Lu identifies a sample of 28 current and free Web-based PubMed versions, requiring no installation or registration, which are grouped into four categories:
1555:
784:
134:
55:
1940:
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is translated as ("myocardial infarction" OR ("myocardial" AND "infarction") OR "myocardial infarction" OR ("heart" AND "attack") OR "heart attack")
1723:
1185:
3610:
1484:
1276:
1801:
3620:
1302:
490:
The assignment of a PMID or PMCID to a publication tells the reader nothing about the type or quality of the content. PMIDs are assigned to
1208:
1508:"Evaluating adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' policy of mandatory, timely clinical trial registration"
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788:
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2423:
500:
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In 2016, NLM changed the indexing system so that publishers are able to directly correct typos and errors in PubMed indexed articles.
2863:
522:
MEDLINE is one of the databases which are accessible via PubMed. Several companies provide access to MEDLINE through their platforms.
3377:
3029:
2696:
2630:
1643:
Fatehi F, Gray LC, Wootton R (March 2014). "How to improve your PubMed/MEDLINE searches: 3. advanced searching, MeSH and My NCBI".
2424:"PICO Linguist and BabelMeSH: development and partial evaluation of evidence-based multilanguage search tools for MEDLINE/PubMed"
1828:
818:
2805:
3615:
1963:
952:
3324:
1999:
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askMEDLINE, a free-text, natural language query tool for MEDLINE/PubMed, developed by the NLM, also suitable for handhelds.
2383:"MeSH Speller + askMEDLINE: auto-completes MeSH terms then searches MEDLINE/PubMed via free-text, natural language queries"
1410:
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2443:
646:
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In addition to its traditional role as a biomedical database, PubMed has become common resource for training biomedical
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From 1971 to 1997, online access to the MEDLINE database had been primarily through institutional facilities, such as
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The search query "1800:2100" retrieves all results whose date of publication is between 1800 and 2100 inclusive.
620:
2868:
2772:
2631:"SUNY Negotiates New, Modified Agreement with Elsevier – Libraries News Center University at Buffalo Libraries"
609:
535:
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Simple searches on PubMed can be carried out by entering key aspects of a subject into PubMed's search window.
198:
1936:
982:
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Information about the journals indexed in MEDLINE, and available through PubMed, is found in the NLM Catalog.
1375:"The art and science of searching MEDLINE to answer clinical questions. Finding the right number of articles"
1005:
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3410:
2731:
2175:"Anne O'Tate: A tool to support user-driven summarization, drill-down and browsing of PubMed search results"
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504:
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1177:
686:
666:
224:
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Improved search interface and retrieval experience, for instance, askMEDLINE BabelMeSH; and PubCrawler.
526:
The National Library of Medicine leases the MEDLINE information to a number of private vendors such as
1582:
1478:
1268:
899:
McEntyre JR, Ananiadou S, Andrews S, Black WJ, Boulderstone R, Buttery P, et al. (January 2011).
543:
323:("prevention and control" OR ("prevention" AND "control") OR "prevention and control" OR "prevention")
219:
Many PubMed records contain links to full text articles, some of which are freely available, often in
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3253:
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853:
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483:(PubMed Central identifier) which is the identifier for all works published in the free-to-access
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2726:
2560:
1668:
1615:
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642:
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references to some journals before they were indexed in Index Medicus and MEDLINE, for instance
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3109:
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1394:
1355:
1150:
1115:
1066:
930:
881:
751:
671:
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The data accessible by PubMed can be mirrored locally using an unofficial tool such as MEDOC.
531:
472:
191:
178:
2075:
Fontaine JF, Barbosa-Silva A, Schaefer M, Huska MR, Muro EM, Andrade-Navarro MA (July 2009).
776:
461:
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3415:
3137:
3059:
2820:
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2490:
2482:
2466:
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1105:
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920:
912:
871:
861:
539:
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2293:"MedEvi: retrieving textual evidence of relations between biomedical concepts from Medline"
3476:
3273:
3263:
3210:
3193:
3119:
3003:
2932:
2250:
Rebholz-Schuhmann D, Kirsch H, Arregui M, Gaudan S, Riethoven M, Stoehr P (January 2007).
50:
649:
cancellations: libraries can avoid subscriptions for materials already served by instant
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2574:
2548:
857:
3425:
3395:
3331:
3298:
3268:
3217:
3104:
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1507:
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1061:
1036:
925:
900:
681:
616:
562:
484:
220:
207:
22:
2495:
2470:
1583:"Searching the literature using medical subject headings versus text word with PubMed"
810:
589:
298:
is translated as ("etiology" OR "etiology" OR "causes" OR "causality" OR "causality")
291:
The examples given in a PubMed tutorial demonstrate how this automatic process works:
3589:
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3288:
3258:
3142:
3127:
2967:
2952:
2927:
2800:
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876:
841:
170:
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Singhal K, Azizi S, Tu T, Mahdavi SS, Wei J, Chung HW, et al. (3 August 2023).
2308:
2268:
2251:
2141:
1619:
1406:
1162:
600:
Alternative methods to mine the data in PubMed use programming environments such as
2957:
2889:
1970:
1672:
1435:
Campos-Asensio C (2018). "Cómo elaborar una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica".
948:
654:
431:
398:
The PubMed optional facility "My NCBI" (with free registration) provides tools for
334:
other features; reference librarians and search specialists offer search services.
268:
518:
1995:
1745:
1101:
3461:
3319:
3278:
3132:
2942:
2762:
1523:
650:
634:
581:
302:("somnambulism" OR "somnambulism" OR ("sleep" AND "walking") OR "sleep walking")
130:
2582:
2519:
1448:
1374:
846:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
37:
3341:
3243:
2815:
2712:
2681:
2043:
2028:"PubMed and beyond: a survey of web tools for searching biomedical literature"
1687:
1390:
1341:
1656:
1146:
3362:
3205:
2810:
1910:
638:
630:
267:
PubMed/MEDLINE can be accessed via handheld devices, using for instance the
2600:
2504:
2439:
2408:
2367:
2326:
2277:
2210:
2159:
2110:
2061:
1664:
1611:
1541:
1456:
1398:
1154:
1119:
1070:
934:
885:
755:
2191:
1359:
916:
866:
706:
204:
a collection of books available full-text and other subsets of NLM records
3435:
3430:
3357:
3147:
2486:
2092:
1052:
197:
very recent entries to records for an article before it is indexed with
3372:
3336:
3283:
2897:
2830:
2228:
555:
115:
3014:
1373:
Allison JJ, Kiefe CI, Weissman NW, Carter J, Centor RM (Spring 1999).
577:
3420:
3183:
3173:
2617:
1209:"They redesigned PubMed, a beloved website. It hasn't gone over well"
601:
527:
142:
568:
Enhancing semantics and visualization, for instance: EBIMed; MedEvi.
561:
Clustering results by topics, authors, journals etc., for instance:
2669:
2613:
2565:
974:
503:
for fraud, incompetence, or misconduct. The announcement about any
3491:
3152:
2252:"EBIMed--text crunching to gather facts for proteins from Medline"
2124:
States DJ, Ade AS, Wright ZC, Bookvich AV, Athey BD (April 2009).
517:
495:
480:
90:
3200:
3018:
2685:
1086:"Pragmatic approach is effective in evidence based health care"
1430:
1428:
1035:
Manca A, Moher D, Cugusi L, Dvir Z, Deriu F (September 2018).
479:, assigned to each PubMed record. A PMID is not the same as a
460:
For help using PubMed identifiers within Knowledge (XXG), see
411:
saving sets of references retrieved as part of a PubMed search
185:
1379:
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
585:
2471:"PubCrawler: keeping up comfortably with PubMed and GenBank"
2340:
Fontelo P, Liu F, Ackerman M, Schardt CM, Keitz SA (2006).
1326:"Searching the literature. Be systematic in your searching"
901:"UKPMC: a full text article resource for the life sciences"
817:. United States National Library of Medicine. 7 June 2002.
359:, including reports of various kinds of clinical research.
2077:"MedlineRanker: flexible ranking of biomedical literature"
949:"NLM Catalogue: Journals referenced in the NCBI Databases"
842:"PubMed Central: The GenBank of the published literature"
1881:"PubMed shuts down its comments feature, PubMed Commons"
414:
configuring display formats or highlighting search terms
1512:
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
2021:
2019:
2017:
2521:
The E-utilities In-Depth: Parameters, Syntax and More
2422:
Fontelo P, Liu F, Leon S, Anne A, Ackerman M (2007).
2387:
AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium
2346:
AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium
737:"Internet access to the National Library of Medicine"
471:(PubMed identifier or PubMed unique identifier) is a
351:
Publication Type: Clinical queries/systematic reviews
1722:. United States National Library of Medicine. 2000.
1275:. United States National Library of Medicine. 2011.
1245:. United States National Library of Medicine. 2004.
3522:
3444:
3386:
3350:
3307:
3231:
3166:
3118:
3080:
3052:
2981:
2887:
2854:
2791:
2778:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
2748:
2719:
1581:Chang AA, Heskett KM, Davidson TM (February 2006).
355:Publication type parameter allows searching by the
164:In addition to MEDLINE, PubMed provides access to:
85:
80:
62:
49:
44:
2291:Kim JJ, Pezik P, Rebholz-Schuhmann D (June 2008).
2227:. Vivisimo Clustering Engine. 2011. Archived from
2173:Smalheiser NR, Zhou W, Torvik VI (February 2008).
582:Pubmed Citation Generator – Ultrasound of the Week
2549:"Large language models encode clinical knowledge"
2179:Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration
1939:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
1638:
1636:
1006:"MEDLINE/PubMed Production Improvements Underway"
811:"PubMed: MEDLINE Retrieval on the World Wide Web"
2342:"askMEDLINE: a report on a year-long experience"
1996:"Leasing journal citations from PubMed/Medline"
308:
293:
2836:Participative decision-making in organizations
730:
728:
3030:
2697:
677:List of academic databases and search engines
8:
2428:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
30:
1556:"Computation of Related Articles explained"
629:Millions of PubMed records augment various
507:to original papers may be assigned a PMID.
408:setting up automatic updates sent by e-mail
288:the OR operator) textwords and MeSH terms.
168:older references from the print version of
3631:United States National Library of Medicine
3037:
3023:
3015:
2704:
2690:
2682:
1825:"Commenting on PubMed: A Successful Pilot"
785:United States National Library of Medicine
135:United States National Library of Medicine
56:United States National Library of Medicine
29:
2677:PubMed search tags & field qualifiers
2590:
2564:
2494:
2398:
2357:
2316:
2267:
2200:
2190:
2149:
2100:
2051:
1601:
1531:
1349:
1109:
1060:
1037:"How predatory journals leak into PubMed"
924:
875:
865:
1964:"PMID vs. PMCID: What's the difference?"
1823:PubMed Commons Team (17 December 2015).
777:"PubMed Celebrates its 10th Anniversary"
241:predatory journals to leak into PubMed.
1969:. University of Chicago. Archived from
1480:Clinical Queries Filter Terms explained
698:
2126:"MiSearch adaptive pubMed search tool"
1752:from the original on 10 September 2023
554:Ranking search results, for instance:
141:maintains the database as part of the
3545:Academic databases and search engines
2864:Health information on Knowledge (XXG)
2381:Fontelo P, Liu F, Ackerman M (2005).
1726:from the original on 20 February 2023
1562:from the original on 18 December 2008
1487:from the original on 29 November 2022
1413:from the original on 19 February 2022
821:from the original on 1 September 2018
713:from the original on 13 December 2020
645:are used by libraries to assist with
7:
2645:from the original on 6 December 2020
2518:Eric Sayers, PhD (24 October 2018).
2446:from the original on 18 October 2023
1937:"Search Field Descriptions and Tags"
1778:from the original on 14 October 2017
1645:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
1135:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
1084:Clarke J, Wentz R (September 2000).
955:from the original on 13 October 2023
3601:Bibliographic databases and indexes
1861:from the original on 28 August 2023
1851:"PubMed Commons to be Discontinued"
1188:from the original on 7 October 2023
985:from the original on 6 January 2022
578:Citation Generator – Mick Schroeder
3315:Academic journal publishing reform
2856:Health information on the Internet
1603:10.1097/01.mlg.0000195371.72887.a2
1279:from the original on 11 April 2023
1016:from the original on 29 March 2023
791:from the original on 23 April 2018
14:
2528:from the original on 23 June 2023
1943:from the original on 11 July 2013
1917:from the original on 17 July 2013
1891:from the original on 28 June 2022
1798:"An Updated PubMed is on its Way"
1696:from the original on 26 July 2023
1324:Jadad AR, McQuay HJ (July 1993).
1299:"Simple Subject Search with Quiz"
347:print journal publication date).
2002:from the original on 9 July 2023
1804:from the original on 16 May 2023
1506:Huser V, Cimino JJ (June 2013).
1305:from the original on 11 May 2020
1249:from the original on 30 May 2023
1219:from the original on 21 May 2022
255:Last Author, Journal, or Title.
36:
2989:Open-source healthcare software
3611:Databases in the United States
1182:NLM Musings From the Mezzanine
1:
3621:National Institutes of Health
3575:Category:Scientific documents
2629:Denise Wolfe (7 April 2020).
2309:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn117
2269:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl302
2142:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn033
1239:"PubMed via handhelds (PICO)"
1176:Trawick B (21 January 2020).
1012:(411): e1. July–August 2016.
139:National Institutes of Health
3570:Category:Academic publishing
2087:(Web Server issue): W141-6.
1178:"A New and Improved PubMed®"
263:PubMed for handhelds/mobiles
2806:Doctor–patient relationship
2713:Telemedicine and telehealth
2481:(Web Server issue): W16-9.
1772:"LinkOut Participants 2011"
1524:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001501
840:Roberts RJ (January 2001).
744:Effective Clinical Practice
641:. Data analysis tools like
223:and local mirrors, such as
201:(MeSH) and added to MEDLINE
68:; 28 years ago
3647:
3388:Indexes and search engines
2841:Patient Activation Measure
2583:10.1038/s41586-023-06291-2
1692:. NCBI. 13 December 2010.
1449:10.1016/j.enfi.2018.09.001
1102:10.1136/bmj.321.7260.566/a
911:(Database issue): D58-65.
621:vision-language processing
558:; MedlineRanker; MiSearch;
459:
342:Journal article parameters
174:, back to 1951 and earlier
20:
16:Online biomedical database
3596:American medical websites
2913:Remote patient monitoring
1391:10.1017/S0266462399015214
1342:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.66-a
319:("aspirin" OR "aspirin")
313:Attack Aspirin Prevention
35:
2869:Online patient education
2773:Electronic health record
1657:10.1177/1357633X13519036
1147:10.1177/1357633X13517067
405:filtering search results
199:Medical Subject Headings
114:including primarily the
21:Not to be confused with
3565:Style/formatting guides
3467:Scholarly communication
3167:Other publication types
2044:10.1093/database/baq036
1207:Price M (22 May 2020).
3616:Medical search engines
3507:Least publishable unit
3179:Collection of articles
2994:Patient opinion leader
2846:Shared decision-making
2783:Personal health record
2475:Nucleic Acids Research
2081:Nucleic Acids Research
1010:NLM Technical Bulletin
905:Nucleic Acids Research
523:
514:Alternative interfaces
494:, editorial opinions,
326:
304:
3497:Electronic publishing
3472:Scientific literature
3249:Article-level metrics
2826:Knowledge translation
2793:Patient participation
2639:University at Buffalo
2192:10.1186/1747-5333-3-2
867:10.1073/pnas.98.2.381
687:PubMed Central Canada
667:Europe PubMed Central
657:like PubMed Central.
596:Data mining of PubMed
521:
492:letters to the editor
225:Europe PubMed Central
147:information retrieval
3606:Biological databases
3540:Open-access journals
3487:Open scientific data
3294:SCImago Journal Rank
3254:Author-level metrics
3239:Acknowledgment index
2999:Research participant
1437:EnfermerĂa Intensiva
1269:"PubMed Mobile Beta"
735:Lindberg DA (2000).
473:unique integer value
462:Knowledge (XXG):PMID
329:Comprehensive search
296:Causes Sleep Walking
154:university libraries
3535:Scientific journals
3046:Academic publishing
2720:Background concepts
2635:library.buffalo.edu
2575:2023Natur.620..172S
1887:. 2 February 2018.
1857:. 1 February 2018.
1053:10.1503/cmaj.180154
1047:(35): E1042–E1045.
917:10.1093/nar/gkq1063
858:2001PNAS...98..381R
765:on 2 November 2013.
357:type of publication
32:
3555:Copyright policies
3550:University presses
3457:Scientific writing
3325:Citation advantage
3232:Impact and ranking
3065:Scientific journal
2973:Telerehabilitation
2727:Health informatics
2487:10.1093/nar/gkh453
2093:10.1093/nar/gkp353
1831:on 25 October 2017
1746:"LinkOut Overview"
1720:Technical Bulletin
1273:Technical Bulletin
1243:Technical Bulletin
787:. 5 October 2006.
781:Technical Bulletin
643:Unpaywall Journals
524:
428:Aalborg University
121:of references and
3583:
3582:
3560:Preprint policies
3530:Academic journals
3513:Publish or perish
3368:Version of record
3308:Reform and access
3110:Literature review
3012:
3011:
2948:Teleophthalmology
2938:Telemental health
2923:Tele-epidemiology
2768:De-identification
2740:Telecommunication
2559:(7972): 172–180.
2231:on 11 August 2011
1689:My NCBI explained
672:JournalReview.org
456:PubMed identifier
192:Annals of Surgery
105:
104:
66:January 1996
3638:
3626:Online databases
3502:Ingelfinger rule
3416:Semantic Scholar
3138:Technical report
3060:Academic journal
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2821:Health education
2706:
2699:
2692:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2670:Official website
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2626:
2620:
2611:
2605:
2604:
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2568:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2434:(Pt 1): 817–21.
2419:
2413:
2412:
2402:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2361:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2320:
2288:
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2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
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2214:
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2164:
2163:
2153:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2055:
2023:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1885:Retraction Watch
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1827:. Archived from
1820:
1814:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1686:"My NCBI Help".
1683:
1677:
1676:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1605:
1590:The Laryngoscope
1587:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1432:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1370:
1364:
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1353:
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1314:
1312:
1310:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1284:
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1259:
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1235:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
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1197:
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1113:
1081:
1075:
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1064:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1002:
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994:
992:
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960:
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896:
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879:
869:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
807:
801:
800:
798:
796:
773:
767:
766:
764:
758:. Archived from
741:
732:
723:
722:
720:
718:
703:
590:Cite this for me
544:Knowledge Finder
478:
101:
98:
96:
94:
92:
76:
74:
69:
40:
33:
3646:
3645:
3641:
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3585:
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3579:
3518:
3477:Learned society
3440:
3382:
3346:
3303:
3274:Journal ranking
3264:Citation impact
3227:
3162:
3120:Grey literature
3114:
3076:
3048:
3043:
3013:
3008:
3004:Virtual patient
2977:
2933:Teledermatology
2883:
2850:
2787:
2744:
2715:
2710:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2612:
2608:
2546:
2545:
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2531:
2529:
2517:
2516:
2512:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
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2420:
2416:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2249:
2248:
2244:
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2232:
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2222:
2218:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1909:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1879:
1878:
1874:
1864:
1862:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1769:
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1753:
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1739:
1729:
1727:
1714:
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1709:
1699:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1680:
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1641:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1585:
1580:
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1565:
1563:
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1553:
1549:
1518:(e1): e169-74.
1505:
1504:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1477:
1476:
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1434:
1433:
1426:
1416:
1414:
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1297:
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1292:
1282:
1280:
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1262:
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1232:
1222:
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1132:
1131:
1127:
1096:(7260): 566–7.
1083:
1082:
1078:
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1019:
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1004:
1003:
999:
988:
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973:
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804:
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774:
770:
762:
739:
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733:
726:
716:
714:
705:
704:
700:
695:
663:
633:datasets about
617:language models
598:
516:
476:
465:
458:
450:
441:
424:
402:saving searches
396:
383:
381:Mapping to MeSH
374:
365:
353:
344:
331:
282:
280:Standard search
277:
265:
252:
247:
245:Characteristics
162:
89:
72:
70:
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51:Research center
26:
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3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3448:
3446:
3445:Related topics
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:Web of Science
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:Google Scholar
3392:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Serials crisis
3329:
3328:
3327:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3299:Scientometrics
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Citation index
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3218:Poster session
3215:
3214:
3213:
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3198:
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3196:
3191:
3181:
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3164:
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3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
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3122:
3116:
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3113:
3112:
3107:
3105:Position paper
3102:
3100:Review article
3097:
3096:
3095:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3072:
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2965:
2963:Telepsychiatry
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2940:
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2930:
2925:
2920:
2918:Tele-audiology
2915:
2910:
2908:Remote therapy
2905:
2903:Remote surgery
2900:
2894:
2892:
2890:subspecialties
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2879:PubMed Central
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
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2797:
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2788:
2786:
2785:
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2775:
2770:
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2760:
2758:Admission note
2754:
2752:
2750:Medical record
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2663:
2662:External links
2660:
2657:
2656:
2621:
2606:
2539:
2510:
2457:
2414:
2373:
2332:
2303:(11): 1410–2.
2297:Bioinformatics
2283:
2262:(2): e237-44.
2256:Bioinformatics
2242:
2216:
2165:
2130:Bioinformatics
2116:
2067:
2013:
1987:
1976:on 6 July 2014
1954:
1928:
1913:. NCBI. 2005.
1902:
1872:
1842:
1815:
1789:
1774:. NCBI. 2011.
1763:
1748:. NCBI. 2010.
1737:
1716:"PubMed Cubby"
1707:
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1632:
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1547:
1498:
1483:. NCBI. 2010.
1470:
1443:(4): 182–186.
1439:(in Spanish).
1424:
1365:
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1301:. NCBI. 2010.
1290:
1260:
1230:
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951:. NCBI. 2011.
940:
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690:
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682:PubMed Central
679:
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659:
597:
594:
573:
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559:
515:
512:
485:PubMed Central
475:, starting at
457:
454:
449:
446:
440:
439:PubMed Commons
437:
430:in Denmark to
423:
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416:
415:
412:
409:
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395:
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379:
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364:
361:
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349:
343:
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281:
278:
276:
273:
264:
261:
251:
250:Website design
248:
246:
243:
221:PubMed Central
217:
216:
214:NCBI Bookshelf
211:
205:
202:
195:
175:
161:
158:
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83:
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3483:
3482:Open research
3480:
3478:
3475:
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3470:
3468:
3465:
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3460:
3458:
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3292:
3290:
3289:Impact factor
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Bibliometrics
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
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3143:Annual report
3141:
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3129:
3128:Working paper
3126:
3125:
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3117:
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2992:
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2986:
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2982:Roles to play
2980:
2974:
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2969:
2968:Teleradiology
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2964:
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2953:Telepathology
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2928:Teledentistry
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2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Decision aids
2799:
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2480:
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2472:
2469:(July 2004).
2468:
2461:
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2433:
2429:
2425:
2418:
2415:
2410:
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