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descriptor represents a partial aspect. The search using the thesaurus MeSH is more accurate and will give fewer irrelevant results. In addition, it saves the disadvantage of the free text search in which the spelling, singular/plural or abbreviated differences have to be taken into consideration. On the other side, articles more recently incorporated into the database to which descriptors have not yet been assigned will not be found. Therefore, to guarantee an exhaustive search, a combination of controlled language headings and free text terms must be used.
397:
include more specific terms. Terms like "nursing" are automatically linked to "Nursing " or "Nursing ". This feature is called Auto Term
Mapping and is enacted, by default, in free text searching but not exact phrase searching (i.e. enclosing the search query with double quotes). This feature makes PubMed searches more sensitive and avoids false-negative (missed) hits by compensating for the diversity of medical terminology.
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49:
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related articles are then listed in order of "relatedness". To create these lists of related articles, PubMed compares words from the title and abstract of each citation, as well as the MeSH headings assigned, using a powerful word-weighted algorithm. The 'related articles' function has been judged to be so precise that the authors of a paper suggested it can be used instead of a full search.
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eutils-application program interface as described in "The E-utilities In-Depth: Parameters, Syntax and More", by Eric Sayers, PhD. Various citation format generators, taking PMID numbers as input, are examples of web applications making use of the eutils-application program interface. Sample web pages include
298:
PubMed translates this initial search formulation and automatically adds field names, relevant MeSH (Medical
Subject Headings) terms, synonyms, Boolean operators, and 'nests' the resulting terms appropriately, enhancing the search formulation significantly, in particular by routinely combining (using
244:
As of 23 May 2023, PubMed has more than 35 million citations and abstracts dating back to 1966, selectively to the year 1865, and very selectively to 1809. As of the same date, 24.6 million of PubMed's records are listed with their abstracts, and 26.8 million records have links to full-text
357:
When a journal article is indexed, numerous article parameters are extracted and stored as structured information. Such parameters are: Article Type (MeSH terms, e.g., "Clinical Trial"), Secondary identifiers, (MeSH terms), Language, Country of the
Journal or publication history (e-publication date,
387:
A reference which is judged particularly relevant can be marked and "related articles" can be identified. If relevant, several studies can be selected and related articles to all of them can be generated (on PubMed or any of the other NCBI Entrez databases) using the 'Find related data' option. The
348:
The search into PubMed's search window is only recommended for the search of unequivocal topics or new interventions that do not yet have a MeSH heading created, as well as for the search for commercial brands of medicines and proper nouns. It is also useful when there is no suitable heading or the
344:
For optimal searches in PubMed, it is necessary to understand its core component, MEDLINE, and especially of the MeSH (Medical
Subject Headings) controlled vocabulary used to index MEDLINE articles. They may also require complex search strategies, use of field names (tags), proper use of limits and
557:
and many other commercial, non-commercial, and academic providers. As of
October 2008, more than 500 licenses had been issued, more than 200 of them to providers outside the United States. As licenses to use MEDLINE data are available for free, the NLM in effect provides a free testing ground
378:
Since July 2005, the MEDLINE article indexing process extracts identifiers from the article abstract and puts those in a field called
Secondary Identifier (SI). The secondary identifier field is to store accession numbers to various databases of molecular sequence data, gene expression or chemical
396:
PubMed automatically links to MeSH terms and subheadings. Examples would be: "bad breath" links to (and includes in the search) "halitosis", "heart attack" to "myocardial infarction", "breast cancer" to "breast neoplasms". Where appropriate, these MeSH terms are automatically "expanded", that is,
265:
A new PubMed interface was launched in
October 2009 and encouraged the use of such quick, Google-like search formulations; they have also been described as 'telegram' searches. By default the results are sorted by Most Recent, but this can be changed to Best Match, Publication Date, First Author,
251:
PubMed has been reported to include some articles published in predatory journals. MEDLINE and PubMed policies for the selection of journals for database inclusion are slightly different. Weaknesses in the criteria and procedures for indexing journals in PubMed
Central may allow publications from
586:
As most of these and other alternatives rely essentially on PubMed/MEDLINE data leased under license from the NLM/PubMed, the term "PubMed derivatives" has been suggested. Without the need to store about 90 GB of original PubMed
Datasets, anybody can write PubMed applications using the
445:
in
Seattle. Users at these institutions see their institution's logo within the PubMed search result (if the journal is held at that institution) and can access the full-text. Link out is being consolidated with Outside Tool as of the major platform update coming in the Summer of 2019.
634:. These models demonstrate the significant potential of PubMed data in enhancing the capabilities of AI in medical research and healthcare applications. Such advancements underline the growing intersection between large-scale data mining and AI development in the biomedical field.
454:
In 2016, PubMed allows authors of articles to comment on articles indexed by PubMed. This feature was initially tested in a pilot mode (since 2013) and was made permanent in 2016. In February 2018, PubMed Commons was discontinued due to the fact that "usage has remained minimal".
623:. In these cases, queries of PubMed are written as lines of code and passed to PubMed and the response is then processed directly in the programming environment. Code can be automated to systematically query with different keywords such as disease, year, organs, etc.
400:
PubMed does not apply automatic mapping of the term in the following circumstances: by writing the quoted phrase (e.g., "kidney allograft"), when truncated on the asterisk (e.g., kidney allograft*), and when looking with field labels (e.g., Cancer ).
379:
compounds and clinical trial IDs. For clinical trials, PubMed extracts trial IDs for the two largest trial registries: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT identifier) and the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Register (IRCTN identifier).
630:. Recent advancements in this field include the development of models like PubMedGPT, a 2.7B parameter model trained on PubMed data by Stanford CRFM, and Microsoft's BiomedCLIP-PubMedBERT, which utilizes figure-caption pairs from PubMed Central for
269:
The PubMed website design and domain was updated in January 2020 and became default on 15 May 2020, with the updated and new features. There was a critical reaction from many researchers who frequently use the site.
509:
columns, and any other piece that the editor chooses to include in the journal, as well as peer-reviewed papers. The existence of the identification number is also not proof that the papers have not been
437:
LinkOut is an NLM facility to link and make available full-text local journal holdings. Some 3,200 sites (mainly academic institutions) participate in this NLM facility (as of March 2010), from
1570:
245:
versions (of which 10.9 million articles are available, full-text for free). Over the last 10 years (ending 31 December 2019), an average of nearly one million new records were added each year.
167:. PubMed, first released in January 1996, ushered in the era of private, free, home- and office-based MEDLINE searching. The PubMed system was offered free to the public starting in June 1997.
1227:
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option (for focused clinical questions) created by the NLM. A "PubMed Mobile" option, providing access to a mobile friendly, simplified PubMed version, is also available.
747:
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Each number that is entered in the PubMed search window is treated by default as if it were a PMID. Therefore, any reference in PubMed can be located using the PMID.
429:
and a wide range of other options. The "My NCBI" area can be accessed from any computer with web-access. An earlier version of "My NCBI" was called "PubMed Cubby".
3570:
2846:
1899:
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for a wide range of alternative interfaces and 3rd party additions to PubMed, one of a very few large, professionally curated databases which offers this option.
1869:
3555:
3398:
3047:
2714:
687:
224:
122:
3611:
1144:
Fatehi F, Gray LC, Wootton R (January 2014). "How to improve your PubMed/MEDLINE searches: 2. display settings, complex search queries and topic searching".
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Lu identifies a sample of 28 current and free Web-based PubMed versions, requiring no installation or registration, which are grouped into four categories:
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145:
66:
1951:
1024:
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is translated as ("myocardial infarction" OR ("myocardial" AND "infarction") OR "myocardial infarction" OR ("heart" AND "attack") OR "heart attack")
1734:
1196:
3621:
1495:
1287:
1812:
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1313:
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The assignment of a PMID or PMCID to a publication tells the reader nothing about the type or quality of the content. PMIDs are assigned to
1219:
1519:"Evaluating adherence to the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors' policy of mandatory, timely clinical trial registration"
2999:
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511:
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In 2016, NLM changed the indexing system so that publishers are able to directly correct typos and errors in PubMed indexed articles.
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MEDLINE is one of the databases which are accessible via PubMed. Several companies provide access to MEDLINE through their platforms.
3388:
3040:
2707:
2641:
1654:
Fatehi F, Gray LC, Wootton R (March 2014). "How to improve your PubMed/MEDLINE searches: 3. advanced searching, MeSH and My NCBI".
2435:"PICO Linguist and BabelMeSH: development and partial evaluation of evidence-based multilanguage search tools for MEDLINE/PubMed"
1839:
829:
2816:
3626:
1974:
963:
3335:
2010:
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askMEDLINE, a free-text, natural language query tool for MEDLINE/PubMed, developed by the NLM, also suitable for handhelds.
2394:"MeSH Speller + askMEDLINE: auto-completes MeSH terms then searches MEDLINE/PubMed via free-text, natural language queries"
1421:
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In addition to its traditional role as a biomedical database, PubMed has become common resource for training biomedical
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From 1971 to 1997, online access to the MEDLINE database had been primarily through institutional facilities, such as
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The search query "1800:2100" retrieves all results whose date of publication is between 1800 and 2100 inclusive.
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2642:"SUNY Negotiates New, Modified Agreement with Elsevier – Libraries News Center University at Buffalo Libraries"
620:
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Simple searches on PubMed can be carried out by entering key aspects of a subject into PubMed's search window.
209:
1947:
993:
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Information about the journals indexed in MEDLINE, and available through PubMed, is found in the NLM Catalog.
1386:"The art and science of searching MEDLINE to answer clinical questions. Finding the right number of articles"
1016:
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2186:"Anne O'Tate: A tool to support user-driven summarization, drill-down and browsing of PubMed search results"
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515:
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697:
677:
235:
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Improved search interface and retrieval experience, for instance, askMEDLINE BabelMeSH; and PubCrawler.
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The National Library of Medicine leases the MEDLINE information to a number of private vendors such as
1593:
1489:
1279:
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McEntyre JR, Ananiadou S, Andrews S, Black WJ, Boulderstone R, Buttery P, et al. (January 2011).
554:
334:("prevention and control" OR ("prevention" AND "control") OR "prevention and control" OR "prevention")
230:
Many PubMed records contain links to full text articles, some of which are freely available, often in
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864:
502:
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1309:
494:(PubMed Central identifier) which is the identifier for all works published in the free-to-access
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2571:
1679:
1626:
1471:
1413:
1169:
653:
438:
367:
133:
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references to some journals before they were indexed in Index Medicus and MEDLINE, for instance
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1405:
1366:
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1077:
941:
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682:
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The data accessible by PubMed can be mirrored locally using an unofficial tool such as MEDOC.
542:
483:
202:
189:
2086:
Fontaine JF, Barbosa-Silva A, Schaefer M, Huska MR, Muro EM, Andrade-Navarro MA (July 2009).
787:
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3512:
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3148:
3070:
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2597:
2589:
2501:
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550:
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2304:"MedEvi: retrieving textual evidence of relations between biomedical concepts from Medline"
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3274:
3221:
3204:
3130:
3014:
2943:
2261:
Rebholz-Schuhmann D, Kirsch H, Arregui M, Gaudan S, Riethoven M, Stoehr P (January 2007).
61:
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cancellations: libraries can avoid subscriptions for materials already served by instant
2602:
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2559:
868:
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3406:
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3309:
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3115:
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2112:
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1072:
1047:
936:
911:
692:
627:
573:
495:
231:
218:
33:
2506:
2481:
1594:"Searching the literature using medical subject headings versus text word with PubMed"
821:
600:
309:
is translated as ("etiology" OR "etiology" OR "causes" OR "causality" OR "causality")
302:
The examples given in a PubMed tutorial demonstrate how this automatic process works:
3600:
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3269:
3153:
3138:
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2963:
2938:
2811:
1475:
887:
852:
181:
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Singhal K, Azizi S, Tu T, Mahdavi SS, Wei J, Chung HW, et al. (3 August 2023).
2319:
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2152:
1630:
1417:
1173:
611:
Alternative methods to mine the data in PubMed use programming environments such as
2968:
2900:
1981:
1683:
1446:
Campos-Asensio C (2018). "Cómo elaborar una estrategia de búsqueda bibliográfica".
959:
665:
442:
409:
The PubMed optional facility "My NCBI" (with free registration) provides tools for
345:
other features; reference librarians and search specialists offer search services.
279:
529:
2006:
1756:
1112:
3472:
3330:
3289:
3143:
2953:
2773:
1534:
661:
645:
592:
313:("somnambulism" OR "somnambulism" OR ("sleep" AND "walking") OR "sleep walking")
141:
2593:
2530:
1459:
1385:
857:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
48:
3352:
3254:
2826:
2723:
2692:
2054:
2039:"PubMed and beyond: a survey of web tools for searching biomedical literature"
1698:
1401:
1352:
1667:
1157:
3373:
3216:
2821:
1921:
649:
641:
278:
PubMed/MEDLINE can be accessed via handheld devices, using for instance the
2611:
2515:
2450:
2419:
2378:
2337:
2288:
2221:
2170:
2121:
2072:
1675:
1622:
1552:
1467:
1409:
1165:
1130:
1081:
945:
896:
766:
2202:
1370:
927:
877:
717:
215:
a collection of books available full-text and other subsets of NLM records
3446:
3441:
3368:
3158:
2497:
2103:
1063:
208:
very recent entries to records for an article before it is indexed with
3383:
3347:
3294:
2908:
2841:
2239:
566:
126:
17:
3025:
1384:
Allison JJ, Kiefe CI, Weissman NW, Carter J, Centor RM (Spring 1999).
588:
3431:
3194:
3184:
2628:
1220:"They redesigned PubMed, a beloved website. It hasn't gone over well"
612:
538:
153:
579:
Enhancing semantics and visualization, for instance: EBIMed; MedEvi.
572:
Clustering results by topics, authors, journals etc., for instance:
2680:
2624:
2576:
985:
514:
for fraud, incompetence, or misconduct. The announcement about any
3502:
3163:
2263:"EBIMed--text crunching to gather facts for proteins from Medline"
2135:
States DJ, Ade AS, Wright ZC, Bookvich AV, Athey BD (April 2009).
528:
506:
491:
101:
3211:
3029:
2696:
1097:"Pragmatic approach is effective in evidence based health care"
1441:
1439:
1046:
Manca A, Moher D, Cugusi L, Dvir Z, Deriu F (September 2018).
490:, assigned to each PubMed record. A PMID is not the same as a
471:
For help using PubMed identifiers within Knowledge (XXG), see
422:
saving sets of references retrieved as part of a PubMed search
196:
1390:
International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care
596:
2482:"PubCrawler: keeping up comfortably with PubMed and GenBank"
2351:
Fontelo P, Liu F, Ackerman M, Schardt CM, Keitz SA (2006).
1337:"Searching the literature. Be systematic in your searching"
912:"UKPMC: a full text article resource for the life sciences"
828:. United States National Library of Medicine. 7 June 2002.
370:, including reports of various kinds of clinical research.
2088:"MedlineRanker: flexible ranking of biomedical literature"
960:"NLM Catalogue: Journals referenced in the NCBI Databases"
853:"PubMed Central: The GenBank of the published literature"
1892:"PubMed shuts down its comments feature, PubMed Commons"
425:
configuring display formats or highlighting search terms
1523:
Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
2032:
2030:
2028:
2532:
The E-utilities In-Depth: Parameters, Syntax and More
2433:
Fontelo P, Liu F, Leon S, Anne A, Ackerman M (2007).
2398:
AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium
2357:
AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium
748:"Internet access to the National Library of Medicine"
482:(PubMed identifier or PubMed unique identifier) is a
362:
Publication Type: Clinical queries/systematic reviews
1733:. United States National Library of Medicine. 2000.
1286:. United States National Library of Medicine. 2011.
1256:. United States National Library of Medicine. 2004.
3533:
3455:
3397:
3361:
3318:
3242:
3177:
3129:
3091:
3063:
2992:
2898:
2865:
2802:
2789:
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
2759:
2730:
1592:Chang AA, Heskett KM, Davidson TM (February 2006).
366:Publication type parameter allows searching by the
175:In addition to MEDLINE, PubMed provides access to:
96:
91:
73:
60:
55:
2302:Kim JJ, Pezik P, Rebholz-Schuhmann D (June 2008).
2238:. Vivisimo Clustering Engine. 2011. Archived from
2184:Smalheiser NR, Zhou W, Torvik VI (February 2008).
593:Pubmed Citation Generator – Ultrasound of the Week
2560:"Large language models encode clinical knowledge"
2190:Journal of Biomedical Discovery and Collaboration
1950:. National Center for Biotechnology Information.
1649:
1647:
1017:"MEDLINE/PubMed Production Improvements Underway"
822:"PubMed: MEDLINE Retrieval on the World Wide Web"
2353:"askMEDLINE: a report on a year-long experience"
2007:"Leasing journal citations from PubMed/Medline"
319:
304:
2847:Participative decision-making in organizations
741:
739:
3041:
2708:
688:List of academic databases and search engines
8:
2439:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics
41:
1567:"Computation of Related Articles explained"
640:Millions of PubMed records augment various
518:to original papers may be assigned a PMID.
419:setting up automatic updates sent by e-mail
299:the OR operator) textwords and MeSH terms.
179:older references from the print version of
3642:United States National Library of Medicine
3048:
3034:
3026:
2715:
2701:
2693:
1836:"Commenting on PubMed: A Successful Pilot"
796:United States National Library of Medicine
146:United States National Library of Medicine
67:United States National Library of Medicine
40:
2688:PubMed search tags & field qualifiers
2601:
2575:
2505:
2409:
2368:
2327:
2278:
2211:
2201:
2160:
2111:
2062:
1612:
1542:
1360:
1120:
1071:
1048:"How predatory journals leak into PubMed"
935:
886:
876:
1975:"PMID vs. PMCID: What's the difference?"
1834:PubMed Commons Team (17 December 2015).
788:"PubMed Celebrates its 10th Anniversary"
252:predatory journals to leak into PubMed.
1980:. University of Chicago. Archived from
1491:Clinical Queries Filter Terms explained
709:
2137:"MiSearch adaptive pubMed search tool"
1763:from the original on 10 September 2023
565:Ranking search results, for instance:
152:maintains the database as part of the
3556:Academic databases and search engines
2875:Health information on Knowledge (XXG)
2392:Fontelo P, Liu F, Ackerman M (2005).
1737:from the original on 20 February 2023
1573:from the original on 18 December 2008
1498:from the original on 29 November 2022
1424:from the original on 19 February 2022
832:from the original on 1 September 2018
724:from the original on 13 December 2020
656:are used by libraries to assist with
7:
2656:from the original on 6 December 2020
2529:Eric Sayers, PhD (24 October 2018).
2457:from the original on 18 October 2023
1948:"Search Field Descriptions and Tags"
1789:from the original on 14 October 2017
1656:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
1146:Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare
1095:Clarke J, Wentz R (September 2000).
966:from the original on 13 October 2023
3612:Bibliographic databases and indexes
1872:from the original on 28 August 2023
1862:"PubMed Commons to be Discontinued"
1199:from the original on 7 October 2023
996:from the original on 6 January 2022
589:Citation Generator – Mick Schroeder
3326:Academic journal publishing reform
2867:Health information on the Internet
1614:10.1097/01.mlg.0000195371.72887.a2
1290:from the original on 11 April 2023
1027:from the original on 29 March 2023
802:from the original on 23 April 2018
25:
2539:from the original on 23 June 2023
1954:from the original on 11 July 2013
1928:from the original on 17 July 2013
1902:from the original on 28 June 2022
1809:"An Updated PubMed is on its Way"
1707:from the original on 26 July 2023
1335:Jadad AR, McQuay HJ (July 1993).
1310:"Simple Subject Search with Quiz"
358:print journal publication date).
2013:from the original on 9 July 2023
1815:from the original on 16 May 2023
1517:Huser V, Cimino JJ (June 2013).
1316:from the original on 11 May 2020
1260:from the original on 30 May 2023
1230:from the original on 21 May 2022
266:Last Author, Journal, or Title.
47:
3000:Open-source healthcare software
3622:Databases in the United States
1193:NLM Musings From the Mezzanine
1:
3632:National Institutes of Health
3586:Category:Scientific documents
2640:Denise Wolfe (7 April 2020).
2320:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn117
2280:10.1093/bioinformatics/btl302
2153:10.1093/bioinformatics/btn033
1250:"PubMed via handhelds (PICO)"
1187:Trawick B (21 January 2020).
1023:(411): e1. July–August 2016.
150:National Institutes of Health
3581:Category:Academic publishing
2098:(Web Server issue): W141-6.
1189:"A New and Improved PubMed®"
274:PubMed for handhelds/mobiles
2817:Doctor–patient relationship
2724:Telemedicine and telehealth
2492:(Web Server issue): W16-9.
1783:"LinkOut Participants 2011"
1535:10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001501
851:Roberts RJ (January 2001).
755:Effective Clinical Practice
652:. Data analysis tools like
234:and local mirrors, such as
212:(MeSH) and added to MEDLINE
79:; 28 years ago
3658:
3399:Indexes and search engines
2852:Patient Activation Measure
2594:10.1038/s41586-023-06291-2
1703:. NCBI. 13 December 2010.
1460:10.1016/j.enfi.2018.09.001
1113:10.1136/bmj.321.7260.566/a
922:(Database issue): D58-65.
632:vision-language processing
569:; MedlineRanker; MiSearch;
470:
353:Journal article parameters
185:, back to 1951 and earlier
31:
27:Online biomedical database
3607:American medical websites
2924:Remote patient monitoring
1402:10.1017/S0266462399015214
1353:10.1136/bmj.307.6895.66-a
330:("aspirin" OR "aspirin")
324:Attack Aspirin Prevention
46:
2880:Online patient education
2784:Electronic health record
1668:10.1177/1357633X13519036
1158:10.1177/1357633X13517067
416:filtering search results
210:Medical Subject Headings
125:including primarily the
32:Not to be confused with
3576:Style/formatting guides
3478:Scholarly communication
3178:Other publication types
2055:10.1093/database/baq036
1218:Price M (22 May 2020).
3627:Medical search engines
3518:Least publishable unit
3190:Collection of articles
3005:Patient opinion leader
2857:Shared decision-making
2794:Personal health record
2486:Nucleic Acids Research
2092:Nucleic Acids Research
1021:NLM Technical Bulletin
916:Nucleic Acids Research
534:
525:Alternative interfaces
505:, editorial opinions,
337:
315:
3508:Electronic publishing
3483:Scientific literature
3260:Article-level metrics
2837:Knowledge translation
2804:Patient participation
2650:University at Buffalo
2203:10.1186/1747-5333-3-2
878:10.1073/pnas.98.2.381
698:PubMed Central Canada
678:Europe PubMed Central
668:like PubMed Central.
607:Data mining of PubMed
532:
503:letters to the editor
236:Europe PubMed Central
158:information retrieval
3617:Biological databases
3551:Open-access journals
3498:Open scientific data
3305:SCImago Journal Rank
3265:Author-level metrics
3250:Acknowledgment index
3010:Research participant
1448:EnfermerĂa Intensiva
1280:"PubMed Mobile Beta"
746:Lindberg DA (2000).
484:unique integer value
473:Knowledge (XXG):PMID
340:Comprehensive search
307:Causes Sleep Walking
165:university libraries
3546:Scientific journals
3057:Academic publishing
2731:Background concepts
2646:library.buffalo.edu
2586:2023Natur.620..172S
1898:. 2 February 2018.
1868:. 1 February 2018.
1064:10.1503/cmaj.180154
1058:(35): E1042–E1045.
928:10.1093/nar/gkq1063
869:2001PNAS...98..381R
776:on 2 November 2013.
368:type of publication
43:
3566:Copyright policies
3561:University presses
3468:Scientific writing
3336:Citation advantage
3243:Impact and ranking
3076:Scientific journal
2984:Telerehabilitation
2738:Health informatics
2498:10.1093/nar/gkh453
2104:10.1093/nar/gkp353
1842:on 25 October 2017
1757:"LinkOut Overview"
1731:Technical Bulletin
1284:Technical Bulletin
1254:Technical Bulletin
798:. 5 October 2006.
792:Technical Bulletin
654:Unpaywall Journals
535:
439:Aalborg University
132:of references and
3594:
3593:
3571:Preprint policies
3541:Academic journals
3524:Publish or perish
3379:Version of record
3319:Reform and access
3121:Literature review
3023:
3022:
2959:Teleophthalmology
2949:Telemental health
2934:Tele-epidemiology
2779:De-identification
2751:Telecommunication
2570:(7972): 172–180.
2242:on 11 August 2011
1700:My NCBI explained
683:JournalReview.org
467:PubMed identifier
203:Annals of Surgery
116:
115:
77:January 1996
16:(Redirected from
3649:
3637:Online databases
3513:Ingelfinger rule
3427:Semantic Scholar
3149:Technical report
3071:Academic journal
3050:
3043:
3036:
3027:
2832:Health education
2717:
2710:
2703:
2694:
2684:
2683:
2681:Official website
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2637:
2631:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2579:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2445:(Pt 1): 817–21.
2430:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2331:
2299:
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2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
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2226:
2225:
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2205:
2181:
2175:
2174:
2164:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2115:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2034:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1896:Retraction Watch
1888:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1838:. Archived from
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1697:"My NCBI Help".
1694:
1688:
1687:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1616:
1601:The Laryngoscope
1598:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1364:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1306:
1300:
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1297:
1295:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1246:
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1239:
1237:
1235:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1124:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1075:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1013:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
982:
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975:
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956:
950:
949:
939:
907:
901:
900:
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880:
848:
842:
841:
839:
837:
818:
812:
811:
809:
807:
784:
778:
777:
775:
769:. Archived from
752:
743:
734:
733:
731:
729:
714:
601:Cite this for me
555:Knowledge Finder
489:
112:
109:
107:
105:
103:
87:
85:
80:
51:
44:
21:
3657:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3529:
3488:Learned society
3451:
3393:
3357:
3314:
3285:Journal ranking
3275:Citation impact
3238:
3173:
3131:Grey literature
3125:
3087:
3059:
3054:
3024:
3019:
3015:Virtual patient
2988:
2944:Teledermatology
2894:
2861:
2798:
2755:
2726:
2721:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2639:
2638:
2634:
2623:
2619:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2460:
2458:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2183:
2182:
2178:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2036:
2035:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1818:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1710:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1635:
1633:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1529:(e1): e169-74.
1516:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
1231:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1107:(7260): 566–7.
1094:
1093:
1089:
1045:
1044:
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1030:
1028:
1015:
1014:
1010:
999:
997:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
958:
957:
953:
909:
908:
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850:
849:
845:
835:
833:
820:
819:
815:
805:
803:
786:
785:
781:
773:
750:
745:
744:
737:
727:
725:
716:
715:
711:
706:
674:
644:datasets about
628:language models
609:
527:
487:
476:
469:
461:
452:
435:
413:saving searches
407:
394:
392:Mapping to MeSH
385:
376:
364:
355:
342:
293:
291:Standard search
288:
276:
263:
258:
256:Characteristics
173:
100:
83:
81:
78:
62:Research center
37:
28:
23:
22:
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11:
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3655:
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3558:
3553:
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3543:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3527:
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3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3456:Related topics
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3437:Web of Science
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3407:Google Scholar
3403:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Serials crisis
3340:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3310:Scientometrics
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3280:Citation index
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3229:Poster session
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3192:
3187:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3116:Position paper
3113:
3111:Review article
3108:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3061:
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3030:
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3017:
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3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2974:Telepsychiatry
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2929:Tele-audiology
2926:
2921:
2919:Remote therapy
2916:
2914:Remote surgery
2911:
2905:
2903:
2901:subspecialties
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2890:PubMed Central
2887:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
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2808:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2769:Admission note
2765:
2763:
2761:Medical record
2757:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2674:
2673:External links
2671:
2668:
2667:
2632:
2617:
2550:
2521:
2468:
2425:
2384:
2343:
2314:(11): 1410–2.
2308:Bioinformatics
2294:
2273:(2): e237-44.
2267:Bioinformatics
2253:
2227:
2176:
2141:Bioinformatics
2127:
2078:
2024:
1998:
1987:on 6 July 2014
1965:
1939:
1924:. NCBI. 2005.
1913:
1883:
1853:
1826:
1800:
1785:. NCBI. 2011.
1774:
1759:. NCBI. 2010.
1748:
1727:"PubMed Cubby"
1718:
1689:
1643:
1584:
1558:
1509:
1494:. NCBI. 2010.
1481:
1454:(4): 182–186.
1450:(in Spanish).
1435:
1376:
1327:
1312:. NCBI. 2010.
1301:
1271:
1241:
1210:
1179:
1136:
1087:
1038:
1008:
977:
962:. NCBI. 2011.
951:
902:
843:
813:
779:
735:
708:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
695:
693:PubMed Central
690:
685:
680:
673:
670:
608:
605:
584:
583:
580:
577:
570:
526:
523:
496:PubMed Central
486:, starting at
468:
465:
460:
457:
451:
450:PubMed Commons
448:
441:in Denmark to
434:
431:
427:
426:
423:
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372:
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289:
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275:
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262:
261:Website design
259:
257:
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232:PubMed Central
228:
227:
225:NCBI Bookshelf
222:
216:
213:
206:
186:
172:
169:
114:
113:
98:
94:
93:
89:
88:
75:
71:
70:
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58:
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34:PubMed Central
26:
24:
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3:
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3640:
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3579:
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3519:
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3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
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3494:
3493:Open research
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3445:
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3440:
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3433:
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3428:
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3405:
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3402:
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3370:
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3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Impact factor
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Bibliometrics
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
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3201:
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3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3176:
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3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:Annual report
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Working paper
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3119:
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3114:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3102:
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3082:
3081:Public health
3079:
3078:
3077:
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3068:
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3031:
3028:
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3003:
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2998:
2997:
2995:
2993:Roles to play
2991:
2985:
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2980:
2979:Teleradiology
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2964:Telepathology
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2960:
2957:
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2947:
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2940:
2939:Teledentistry
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2935:
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2925:
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2899:Telemedicine
2897:
2891:
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2830:
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2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2812:Decision aids
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
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2795:
2792:
2790:
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2785:
2782:
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2517:
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2499:
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2491:
2487:
2483:
2480:(July 2004).
2479:
2472:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
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