102:
and private organizations. Such interventions can operate at various scales, such as on a global, country, or community level. The whole population can be reached via websites, audio/video messages and other mass media, or specific groups can be affected by administrative action, such as increasing
283:. However, such measures are typically controversial, particularly in the case of HIV criminalisation where there is evidence it may be counter productive. Laws which tax certain unhealthy products may also be effective, although also not without controversy, and are sometimes called a "
117:
Screening refers to the practice of testing a set of individuals who meet a certain criteria (such as age, sex, or sexual activity) for a disease or disorder. Many forms of screening are public health interventions. For example, mothers are routinely screened for HIV and
477:"Community pharmacy interventions for public health priorities: protocol for a systematic review of community pharmacy-delivered smoking, alcohol and weight management interventions"
387:
Kürüm, Esra; Warren, Joshua L.; Schuck-Paim, Cynthia; Lustig, Roger; Lewnard, Joseph A.; Fuentes, Rodrigo; Bruhn, Christian A. W.; Taylor, Robert J.; Simonsen, Lone (2017-07-31).
1159:"Overall and income specific effect on prevalence of overweight and obesity of 20% sugar sweetened drink tax in UK: econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study"
933:
Vamos, Cheryl A.; McDermott, Robert J.; Daley, Ellen M. (June 2008). "The HPV Vaccine: Framing the
Arguments FOR and AGAINST Mandatory Vaccination of All Middle School Girls".
140:
Vaccination programs are one of the most effective and common types of public health interventions. Typically programs may be in the form of recommendations or run by
883:"Mandatory and recommended vaccination in the EU, Iceland and Norway: results of the VENICE 2010 survey on the ways of implementing national vaccination programmes"
438:"Integration of public health and primary care: A systematic review of the current literature in primary care physician mediated childhood obesity interventions"
86:
A policy may meet the criteria of a public health intervention if it prevents disease on both the individual and community level and has a positive impact on
145:
881:
Haverkate, M; D'Ancona, F; Giambi, C; Johansen, K; Lopalco, P L; Cozza, V; Appelgren, E; on behalf of the VENICE project gat, collective (2012-05-31).
475:
Todd, Adam; Moore, Helen J.; Husband, Andrew K.; Bambra, Clare; Kasim, Adetayo; Sniehotta, Falko F.; Steed, Liz; Summerbell, Carolyn D. (2014-08-22).
76:
1063:
Mykhalovskiy, Eric (2011-09-01). "The problem of "significant risk": Exploring the public health impact of criminalizing HIV non-disclosure".
350:"When public health intervention is not successful: Cost sharing, crowd-out, and selection in Korea's National Cancer Screening Program"
594:
157:
231:
257:
1157:
Briggs, Adam D. M.; Mytton, Oliver T.; Kehlbacher, Ariane; Tiffin, Richard; Rayner, Mike; Scarborough, Peter (2013-10-31).
528:"Systematic review on the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions for HIV prevention in industrialized countries"
153:
40:
280:
304:
555:"Application of PHEL - 'Public Health Epidemiological Logic' of Public Health Intervention and Public Health Impact"
436:
Bhuyan, Soumitra S.; Chandak, Aastha; Smith, Patti; Carlton, Erik L.; Duncan, Kenric; Gentry, Daniel (2015-08-07).
389:"Bayesian model averaging with change points to assess the impact of vaccination and public health interventions"
180:
and other diseases. Supplementation may be required by law or voluntary. Some examples of interventions include:
275:
The use of laws to criminalise certain behaviours can also be considered a public health intervention, such as
236:
Interventions intended to change the behaviour of individuals can be especially challenging. One such form is
148:
decides on a vaccination schedule, and most private health insurers cover these vaccinations. In the UK, the
826:"A scoping review of the public health impact of vitamin D-fortified dairy products for fracture prevention"
824:
Hiligsmann, Mickael; Neuprez, Audrey; Buckinx, Fanny; Locquet, Médéa; Reginster, Jean-Yves (December 2017).
149:
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720:"Impact of Folic Acid Fortification of the US Food Supply on the Occurrence of Neural Tube Defects"
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265:
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177:
173:
52:
1108:"What potential has tobacco control for reducing health inequalities? The New Zealand situation"
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Evaluating and predicting the efficacy of a public health intervention, as well as calculating
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1178:
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1088:
1080:
1042:
1034:
1025:
Cameron, E (December 2009). "Criminalization of HIV transmission: poor public health policy".
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315:. Several systematic protocols exist to assist developing such interventions, such as
1227:
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87:
24:
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979:
Burris, Scott (2008-08-06). "The Case
Against Criminalization of HIV Transmission".
667:
Hetzel, B. (1983-11-12). "Iodine
Deficiency Disorders (Idd) and Their Eradication".
248:
may be used to promote healthy behaviours, such as eating healthy foods (to prevent
160:
assists governments in
Pakistan, Nigeria and Afghanistan with the administration of
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59:. Common issues that are the subject of public health interventions include
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Health interventions may be run by a variety of organizations, including
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28:
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Planning health promotion programs; an
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144:
or nationalised health care systems. For instance, in the U.S., the
16:
Government effort or policy that attempts to improve public health
769:"A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid"
328:
80:
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Wilson, Nick; Blakely, Tony; Tobias, Martin (2006-11-02).
122:
during pregnancy. Detection during pregnancy can prevent
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349:
307:, is essential. An intervention should ideally lower
152:both decides and implements vaccination protocols.
348:Kim, Hyuncheol Bryant; Lee, Sun-Mi (2017-03-06).
23:is any effort or policy that attempts to improve
43:(NGOs). Common types of interventions include
595:"Screening for hepatitis B, HIV and syphilis"
8:
559:International Journal of Preventive Medicine
1112:International Journal for Equity in Health
103:the provision of healthy food at schools.
1217:, 3rd Ed. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
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526:M, Schrappe; K, Lauterbach (1998-01-01).
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268:(see for example in India the campaign
442:Obesity Research and Clinical Practice
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648:Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
281:criminalisation of HIV transmission
718:Honein, Margaret A. (2001-06-20).
126:of the disease during childbirth.
14:
773:American Journal of Public Health
767:Frieden, Thomas R. (April 2010).
329:WASH (water, sanitation, hygiene)
291:in the U.S. and New Zealand, and
176:or water of nutrients can reduce
158:Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
1027:HIV/AIDS Policy & Law Review
947:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2008.00306.x
256:(to prevent the transmission of
1077:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.051
232:Behavior change (public health)
142:governmental health departments
37:governmental health departments
553:Patil, Rajan R. (2013-11-01).
366:10.1016/J.JHEALECO.2017.02.006
53:food and water supplementation
41:non-governmental organizations
1:
1065:Social Science & Medicine
681:10.1016/S0140-6736(83)90636-0
405:10.1097/EDE.0000000000000719
289:taxation of tobacco products
354:Journal of Health Economics
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903:10.2807/ese.17.22.20183-en
454:10.1016/J.ORCP.2015.07.005
229:
197:in wheat flour to prevent
146:Center for Disease Control
133:
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21:public health intervention
842:10.1007/s11657-017-0352-1
935:Journal of School Health
830:Archives of Osteoporosis
785:10.2105/ajph.2009.185652
737:10.1001/jama.285.23.2981
287:". Examples include the
75:use, and the spread of
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534:. 12 Suppl A: S231–8.
494:10.1186/2046-4053-3-93
277:mandatory vaccination
270:Swachh Bharat Mission
124:maternal transmission
317:Intervention Mapping
266:developing countries
136:Vaccination schedule
113:Screening (medicine)
675:(8359): 1126–1129.
299:Evaluating efficacy
172:Supplementation of
481:Systematic Reviews
305:cost effectiveness
178:vitamin deficiency
100:health departments
77:infectious disease
45:screening programs
1175:10.1136/bmj.f6189
565:(11): 1331–1336.
205:Fluoridated water
201:, a birth defect.
162:polio vaccination
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230:Main article:
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185:Iodised salt
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226:Behavioural
217:to prevent
209:tooth decay
207:to prevent
187:to prevent
130:Vaccination
120:Hepatitis B
49:vaccination
669:The Lancet
653:2018-06-09
629:2021-11-19
620:"Vaccines"
605:2018-06-09
599:www.nhs.uk
335:References
195:Folic acid
1183:1756-1833
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313:mortality
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242:education
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285:sin tax
254:condoms
250:obesity
219:rickets
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