Public relations - Knowledge (XXG)

146: 932:'s 2003 semi-annual trust survey found that only 20 percent of survey respondents from the public believed paid communicators within a company were credible. Individuals in public relations are growing increasingly concerned with their company's marketing practices, questioning whether they agree with the company's social responsibility. They seek more influence over marketing and more of a counseling and policy-making role. On the other hand, individuals in marketing are increasingly interested in incorporating publicity as a tool within the realm marketing. 1096:, he argues that public relations can be a real menace to democracy as it renders the public discourse powerless. Corporations are able to hire public relations professionals and transmit their messages through the media channels and exercise a huge amount of influence upon the individual who is defenseless against such a powerful force. He claims that public relations is a weapon for capitalist deception and the best way to resist is to become media literate and use critical thinking when interpreting the various mediated messages. 322:, established the first definition of public relations in the early 20th century as: "a management function, which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization... followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance." However, when Lee was later asked about his role in a hearing with the United Transit Commission, he said "I have never been able to find a satisfactory phrase to describe what I do." In 1948, historian 3529: 1103:, "public relations is not by definition 'spin'. Public relations is the art of building good relationships. You do that most effectively by earning trust and goodwill among those who are important to you and your business... Spin is to public relations what manipulation is to interpersonal communications. It's a diversion whose primary effect is ultimately to undermine the central goal of building trust and nurturing a good relationship." 1065: 627:

relations effort necessitate the creation of several distinct but complementary messages. These messages however should be relevant to each other, thus creating consistency in the overall message and theme. Audience targeting tactics are important for public relations practitioners because they face all kinds of problems: low visibility, lack of public understanding, opposition from critics, and insufficient support from funding sources.

82: 3874: 387:"Public Relations is about reputation – the result of what you do, what you say and what others say about you. Public Relations is the discipline which looks after reputation, with the aim of earning understanding and support and influencing opinion and behaviour. It is the planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organisation and its publics." 1301:

individual chooses his own opinion on behavior and public issues. However, in practice, it is impossible for one to study all variables and approaches of a particular question and come to a conclusion without any external influence. This is the reason why the society has agreed upon an 'invisible government' to interpret on our behalf information and narrow the choice field to a more practical scale.

404:(past, present, and future), staff (past, present, and future), investors (past, present, and future), politicians and regulators, neighbours, and business partners (suppliers, distributors, etc.)". Langley also contests the marketing perspective of seeing public relations as part of marketing, which he claims is too focused on just one of Hayward's six publics: customers. 1334:

charities, arranging sponsorships and advertising (such as of sports teams), arranging attendance at major social events, and recommending prominent associations that the client can join. Other mechanisms employed by PR firms on behalf of the purportedly corrupt or criminal customers include fake social media accounts, blogs by fake personalities, or partisan op-eds.

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of press strategies for such as B2B (business to business) or B2C (business to consumer). Business to business publicity highlights service providers who provide services and products to other businesses. Business to Consumer publicizes products and services for regular consumers, such as toys, travel, food, entertainment, personal electronics and music.

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create the appearance of the company or other events are going in a slightly different direction than they actually are. Within the field of public relations, spin is seen as a derogatory term, interpreted by professionals as meaning blatant deceit and manipulation. Skilled practitioners of spin are sometimes called "spin doctors."

475:(1914–1918), which affected not only military but whole populations, is considered to be "modern propaganda's launching pad". This led to more sophisticated commercial publicity efforts as public-relations talent entered the private sector. Most historians believe modern-day public relations was first established in the US by 974:: To become and stay informed of the specialized knowledge needed in the field of Public Relations. Taking that knowledge and improving the field through development, research and education. Meanwhile, professionals also build their understanding, credibility, and relationships to understand various audiences and industries. 1084:

Spin has been interpreted historically to mean overt deceit that is meant to manipulate the public, but since the 1950s has shifted to describing a "polishing of the truth." Today, spin refers to providing a certain interpretation of information meant to sway public opinion. Companies may use spin to

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Other than the ethics put in place in the United States of America there are also International ethics set to ensure proper and, legal worldwide communication. Regarding these ethics, there are broad codes used specifically for international forms of public relations, and then there are more specific

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Marketing and communications strategist, Ira Gostin, believes there is a code of conduct when conducting business and using public relations. Public relations specialists have the ability to influence society. Fact-checking and presenting accurate information is necessary to maintain credibility with

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Social media platforms enable users to connect with audiences to build brands, increase sales, and drive website traffic. This involves publishing content on social media profiles, engaging with followers, analyzing results, and running social media advertisements. The goal is to produce content that

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Building and managing relationships with those who influence an organization or individual's audiences have a central role in doing public relations. After a public relations practitioner has been working in the field, they accumulate a list of relationships that become an asset, especially for those

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Public relations professionals both serve the public's interest and private interests of businesses, associations, non-profit organizations, and governments. This dual obligation gave rise to heated debates among scholars of the discipline and practitioners over its fundamental values. This conflict

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PR practitioners have always relied on the media such as TV, radio, and magazines, to promote their ideas and messages tailored specifically to a target audience. Social media marketing is not only a new way to achieve that goal, but also a continuation of a strategy that existed for decades. Lister

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Messaging is the process of creating a consistent story around: a product, person, company, or service. Messaging aims to prevent readers from receiving contradictory or confusing information that could instill doubt in their purchasing choices, or other decisions that affect the company. Brands aim

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A public is any group whose members have a common interest or common values in a particular subject, such as a political party. Those members would then be considered stakeholders, which are people who have a stake or an interest in an organization or issue that potentially involves the organization

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and the people with the disease are stakeholders, but the audience is anyone who is likely to donate money. Public relations experts possess deep skills in media relations, market positioning, and branding. They are powerful agents that help clients deliver clear, unambiguous information to a target

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and to tailor messages that are relevant to each audience. Audience targeting requires public relations professionals to have a deep understanding of the needs and desires of the audience they are trying to appeal to. Sometimes the interests of differing audiences and stakeholders common to a public

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According to Bernays, the public relations counsel is the agent working with both modern media of communications and group formations of society in order to provide ideas to the public's consciousness. Furthermore, he is also concerned with ideologies and courses of actions as well as material goods

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Publicists can work in a host of different types of business verticals such as entertainment, technology, music, travel, television, food, consumer electronics and more. Many publicists build their career in a specific business space to leverage relationships and contacts. There are different kinds

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In fact, Bernays stresses that we are in fact dominated in almost every aspect of our lives, by a relatively small number of persons who have mastered the 'mental processes and social patterns of the masses,' which include our behavior, political and economic spheres or our morals. In theory, each

1312:, because they intend to sway the public or the government without disclosing their financial connection to corporate or political interests. They create a fake grass-roots movement by giving the appearance of a trusted organization that serves the public, when they actually serve their sponsors. 1011:

The International Association of Business Communication (founded in 1971), or also known as IABC, has its own set of ethics in order to enforce a set of guidelines that ensure communication internationality is legal, ethical, and is in good taste. Some principles that members of the board of IABC

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theory identifies people who have a stake in a given institution or issue. All audiences are stakeholders (or presumptive stakeholders), but not all stakeholders are members of a target audience. For example, if a charity commissions a public relations agency to create an advertising campaign to

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Allan Thompson, p 509, 2019, McGill-Queen's Press. "So-called 'black' public relations (PR) firms have also played an important role as hired proxies for state-sponsored trolling attacks, notably Bahrain. These firms offer 'reputation laundering' services, which take many forms, including..."

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Public relations professionals present the face of an organization or individual, usually to articulate its objectives and official views on issues of relevance, primarily to the media. Public relations contributes to the way an organization is perceived by influencing the media and maintaining

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Quentin Langley argues the use of the word "publics" in the plural is "central to the understanding" of public relations, writing "all organisations have a series of publics, or stakeholders, on whom their success depends". He follows Roger Hayward (1991) in dividing the publics into "customers

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and event management. Success in the field of public relations requires a deep understanding of the interests and concerns of each of the company's many stakeholders. The public relations professional must know how to effectively address those concerns using the most powerful tool of the public

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services. In these situations, a client will hire a PR firm to conceal unethical, corrupt, or criminal behavior. The PR firm will supply services that improve the client's reputation and obscure the client's history, such as: arranging publication of positive press, coordinating donations to

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As digital technology has evolved, the methods for measuring the effectiveness of online public relations have improved. The Public Relations Society of America, which has been developing PR strategies since 1947, has identified five steps for measuring online public relations effectiveness.

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government published reports stating that Russian oligarchs had been "extending patronage and building influence across a wide sphere of the British establishment" and had employed public relations firms that were "willing beneficiaries, contributing to a ‘reputation laundering' process".

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An example of good public relations would be generating an article featuring a PR firm's client, rather than paying for the client to be advertised next to the article. The aim of public relations is to inform the public, prospective customers, investors, partners, employees, and other

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Kathy Fitzpatrick and Carolyn Bronstein, " Introduction: Towards a Definitional Framework for Responsible Advocacy," in Ethics in Public Relations, Responsible Advocacy, ed. Kathy Fitzpatrick and Carolyn Bronstein (USA: Sage Publications, Inc. 2006),

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According to Scott Cutlip, the social justification for public relations is the right for an organization to have a fair hearing of their point of view in the public forum, but to obtain such a hearing for their ideas requires a skilled advocate.

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users will share with their social network to help a company increase brand exposure and broaden customer reach. Some of the major social media platforms currently include Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, YouTube, and Snapchat.

239:, and nonprofit organizations. Jobs central to public relations include internal positions such as public relations coordinator, public relations specialist, and public relations manager, and outside agency positions such as account coordinator, 1118:

for drawing attention away from items considered distasteful, and ambiguity in public statements. Another spin technique involves careful choice of timing in the release of certain news so it can take advantage of prominent events in the news.

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relationships with stakeholders. According to Jacquie L'Etang from Queen Margaret University, public relations professionals can be viewed as "discourse workers specializing in communication and the presentation of argument and employing

666:: Groups that are typically unfamiliar with the organization and the individual has not had a relationship with but may become traditional publics due to changes in the organization, in society or if a group changing event occurs. 746:(1978) suggested that publics develop in stages determined by their levels of problem recognition, constraint recognition and involvement in addressing the issue. The theory posited that publics develop in the following stages: 2798:

Hoggan, J., Littlemore, R., & Canadian Electronic Library. (2009). Climate cover-up : The crusade to deny global warming / James Hoggan and Richard Littlemore. (DesLibris. Books collection). Vancouver : Greystone

614:, press kits, and outbound communication to members of the press. Video and audio news releases (VNRs and ANRs) are often produced and distributed to TV outlets in hopes they will be used as regular program content. 509:. Trade associations, PR news-magazines, international PR agencies, and academic principles for the profession were established. In the early 2000s, press-release services began offering social-media press releases. 1640:

a management function, which tabulates public attitudes, defines the policies, procedures and interests of an organization... followed by executing a program of action to earn public understanding and acceptance.

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The Public Relations Society of America has established a set of fundamental guidelines that people within the public relations professions should practice and use in their business atmosphere. These values are:

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The field of public relations is generally highly un-regulated, but many professionals voluntarily adhere to the code of conduct of one or more professional bodies to avoid exposure for ethical violations. The

583:'Black Hat PR' – manipulating public profiles under the guise of neutral commentators or voices or engaging to actively damage or undermine the reputations of the rival or targeted individuals or organizations. 1068:

Media is a major resource in the public relations career especially in news networks. That is why as a public relations specialist, having proper information is very important, and crucial to the society as a

738:: Those outsides of the country and when communicating with these publics individuals must be wary of that areas culture, beliefs, values, ethic, and other valuable cultural difference as to not offend anyone. 698:

If a public can directly affect an organization's pursuit of its values-driven goals. This publics would include media, employees, government, shareholder, financial institutions, and the immediate community.

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Grunig, James E. and Hunt, Todd. Managing Public Relations. (Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1984), 6e. Public relations is what you do with what you know and what others think about what you say.

3008: 839:. Interactive PR allows companies and organizations to disseminate information without relying solely on mainstream publications and to communicate directly with the public, customers and prospects. 2789:

W. Timothy Coombs and Sherry J. Holladay, "Does Society Need Public Relations? Criticisms of Public Relations" in It's Not Just PR: Public Relations in Society, (Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007), 10.

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Wattenberg, Martin P. (22 August 1996). Negative Campaign Advertising: Demobilizer or Mobilizer. eScholarship Repository. UC Irvine, Department of Politics and Society. Retrieved on 29 January 2005

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Public relations has historical roots pre-dating the 20th century. Most textbooks regard the establishment of the "Publicity Bureau" in Boston in 1900 as marking the founding of a public relations

6390: 6385: 674:: A group whose values have come into contact with the values of the organization but whose members have not yet realized it; the members of that public are not yet aware of the relationship. 958:: Serving the public interest by acting as responsible advocates for the clientele. This can occur by displaying the marketplace of ideas, facts and viewpoints to aid informed public debate. 2710: 183:

differ in that PR is controlled internally, whereas publicity is not controlled and contributed by external parties. Public relations may include an organization or individual gaining

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Andrews, Mark. "Climate Change and Public Relations." StarTribune.com: News, Weather, Sports from Minneapolis, St. Paul and Minnesota. Livefyre, 11 August 2014. Web. 25 November 2014.

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Negative public relations, also called dark public relations (DPR), 'black hat PR' and in some earlier writing "Black PR", is a process of destroying the target's reputation and/or

682:: A group of members who are aware of the existence of a commonality of values or interests with the organization but have not organized or attempted to respond to that commonality. 2123: 903:

is the management of the communication process during the course of any legal dispute or adjudicatory processing so as to affect the outcome or its effect on the client's overall

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The Cluetrain Manifesto predicted exactly what would happen. In 1999 it foretold that markets are conversations and that the internet enables the world's biggest conversation.

1153:. Common techniques include using dirty secrets from the target, producing misleading facts to fool a competitor. In politics, a decision to use negative PR is also known as 998:: Honorably conduct business with any and all clients, employers, competitors, peers, vendors, media and general public. Respecting all opinions and right of free expression. 371:

In 2011 and 2012, the PRSA solicited crowd-supplied definitions for the term and allowed the public to vote on one of three finalists. The winning definition stated that:

5874: 96: 2624: 3331: 3073:"Waking up to Reputation Laundering as a Mechanism for Transnational Kleptocracy" Melissa Aten, John Glenn (editors) March 2022, National Endowment for Democracy, 2463: 1577: 6423: 351:, predicting their consequences, counselling organizational leaders and implementing planned programs of action, which will serve both the organization and the 243:, account supervisor, and media relations manager. In the UK, the equivalent job titles are Account Executive, Account Manager, Account Director and Director. 4515: 2969: 2773: 1008:

forms from different countries. For example, some countries have certain associations to create ethics and standards to communication across their country.

6370: 571:– a public relations function that involves building and maintaining close relationships with the news media so that they can sell and promote a business. 145: 658:: Groups with which the individual has an ongoing and long-term relationship. These may include Employees, Media, Governments, Investors, and Customers 3166: 2063:

granted Mayakovsky extraordinary liberties, and no doubt the Bolsheviks saw the advantages of sending their premiere poet on a public relations jaunt.

4810: 920:(PRSA) responded to the controversy by acknowledging in its new code of ethics "advocacy" – for the first time – as a core value of the discipline. 1965: 1717: 6348: 3910: 3075:

https://www.ned.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Global-Insights-Waking-up-to-Reputation-Laundering-as-a-Mechanism-for-Transnational-Kleptocracy.pdf

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Ensuring private information is protected (not used for personal gain) and if publicized, guarantee proper legal measures will be put in place.

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Politicians also employ public relations professionals to help project their views, policies and even personalities to their best advantages.

928:, the Public Relations Society of America, and The Institute of Public Relations are a few organizations that publish an ethical code. Still, 375:"Public relations is a strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics." 6465: 5867: 2953: 2608: 2496: 2352: 2252: 2185: 2088: 2083:, Histoire et littérature du Septentrion (IRHiS), Lille: Publications de l'Institut de recherches historiques du Septentrion, pp. 7–23, 2044: 2018:

World War I, the first total war involving not just the military but populations as a whole, should be considered propaganda's launching pad.

1999: 1562: 1137:. The objective in DPR is to discredit someone else, who may pose a threat to the client's business or be a political rival. DPR may rely on 5529: 2417:

Lister, M., Dovey, J., Giddings, S., Grant, I., & Kelly, K. (2009). New media: A critical introduction. (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

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In-house public relations – a public relations professional hired to manage press and publicity campaigns for the company that hired them.

6440: 4411: 3618: 3324: 2115: 917: 360: 577:– public relations professionals leverage social media marketing to distribute messages about their clients to desired target markets 6445: 6144: 4441: 3265: 3244: 2851: 1817: 1633: 1407: 843:

et al. said that "Digital media can be seen as a continuation and extension of a principal or technique that was already in place".

513:, which predicted the effect of social media in 1999, was controversial in its time, but by 2006 the effect of social media and new 498:

Many American companies with PR departments spread the practice to Europe when they set up European subsidiaries in the wake of the

130: 20: 706:: Have high interest in the company such as the primary publics but will not be directly affected by decisions of the organization. 1268:

Are the statements or actions that are being communicated responsible to various societal groups, public interest, and the public?

483:(1891–1995), who handled the publicity of theatrical associations in 1913, then spread internationally. Meanwhile, in the nascent 6139: 5956: 5860: 5466: 4508: 4406: 3436: 3351: 1366: 5801: 5459: 5247: 3391: 2850:

Does Attack Advertising Demobilize the Electorate? Stephen Ansolabehere, Shanto Iyengar, Adam Simon, Nicholas Valentino, 1994,

2486: 3045: 3877: 3317: 1402: 219:, products, or political decisions. Public relations professionals typically work for PR and marketing firms, businesses and 207:

or advertising also known as paid media. But in the early 21st century, advertising is also a part of broader PR activities.

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to their audiences using topics of public interest and news items that do not require direct payment. The exposure is mostly

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Kermani, Faiz and Alan Needham. Marketing and Public Relations. Marlow: Institute of Clinical Research, 2006. N. pag. Print.

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The IABC members use the following list of ethics in order to work to improve values of communication throughout the world:

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Executive Visibility – a strategy used to grow an executive's presence and exposure in order to impact a company's success.

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and services and public utilities and industrial associations and large trade groups for which it secures popular support.

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Corporate Communication Map: Outline of an interactive Overview of the fundamental Models and Theories of Public Relations

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Phillips, David (2006), "Towards relationship management: Public relations at the core of organizational development",

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The T.A.R.E.S. is a five-point test that evaluates ethical persuasion and provides boundaries in persuasive practices.

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Tobin, Natasha (2005). "Can the professionalisation of the UK public relations industry make it more trustworthy?".

6321: 3376: 690:: Any public that helps an individual send a message to another public, could be the media or someone with stature. 423: 232: 6528: 6435: 5746: 5691: 5227: 4588: 4153: 3709: 3578: 3543: 2770: 1468: 1427: 427: 31: 3154: 2932:

Focus on the CNN Effect Misses the Point: The Real Media Impact on Conflict Management is Invisible and Indirect

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Smith, Ronald D. Strategic Planning for Public Relations. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Print.

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to have the same problem statement, industry viewpoint, or brand perception shared across sources and media.

6460: 5908: 5606: 5491: 5428: 5139: 5076: 5018: 4960: 4950: 4663: 4648: 4363: 4312: 4173: 4168: 3719: 3643: 3628: 3466: 3456: 1079: 636: 631: 556: 510: 328: 295: 212: 2934:, Journal of Peace Research, vol.37, no.2. Institute of Political Science, University of Copenhagen (2000). 966:: Standing by the truth and accuracy of all facts in the case and advancing those statements to the public. 6450: 6313: 6241: 6206: 5918: 5791: 5761: 5711: 5636: 5549: 5144: 4840: 4024: 3896: 3814: 1054:

Publishers of said communication do not accept gifts, benefits, payments etc.; for work, or their services

836: 574: 479:(1877–1934) in 1903 when he started working as the image maker for and corporate advisor for Rockefeller. 463:, which later evolved into public relations, to rally domestic support and to demonize enemies during the 176: 92: 2754: 1803: 6413: 6293: 6176: 6166: 6149: 6105: 6003: 5923: 5883: 5786: 5751: 5701: 5681: 5538: 5411: 5363: 5343: 5262: 5252: 5036: 4920: 4373: 3638: 3568: 3441: 3340: 3150:"Economic crime in the UK: a multi-billion pound problem" Oliver Bennett MBE, Ali Shalchi 6 April 2022, 2375:

Grunig, James E. (March 1978). "Defining Publics in Public Relations: The Case of a Suburban Hospital".

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Am I presenting statements in self-interest, or do I genuinely care about the issue, person, or product?

544: 108: 61: 2077:"The 'americanisation' of European companies, consumers and cultures: contents, processes and outcomes" 1289:

argued that the manipulation of public opinion was a necessary part of democracy. In public relations,

990:: Stay devoted to the client while remembering that there is a duty to still serve the public interest. 2428: 6430: 6333: 6236: 6171: 6080: 6075: 5971: 5913: 5898: 5716: 5626: 5378: 5169: 5119: 4855: 4850: 4820: 4683: 4322: 3849: 3648: 3598: 3563: 3553: 3548: 3216: 3205: 2818: 1617: 1342: 1262:

Will there be any negative consequences against a group in society based on my statements or actions?

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The techniques of spin include selectively presenting facts and quotes that support ideal positions (

882:: Measure how far the PR campaign managed to penetrate overall and in terms of a particular audience. 562: 550: 435: 1531: 57: 6343: 6273: 5816: 5646: 5621: 5571: 5515: 5338: 5328: 5285: 5056: 4883: 4845: 4741: 4457: 4269: 4143: 4057: 3794: 3769: 488: 24: 3126: 1243:

Are the statements I present sensitive to various interests, needs, or concerns of the persuadees?

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Have I fairly presented issues that concern groups who may have been underrepresented in society?

1134: 315: 251: 3734: 2244: 2236: 491:) engaged in public-relations campaigns for various state agencies and causes (note for example 246:

Public relations specialists establish and maintain relationships with an organization's target

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Franklin, Bob; Hogan, Mike; Langley, Quentin; Mosdell, Nick; Pill, Elliott (18 January 2023).

1629: 1571: 1558: 1281: 1111: 982:: Provide unbiased work to those that are represented while being accountable for all actions. 814: 291: 275: 240: 172: 3275: 1869: 870:: Measure any content (blog posts, articles, etc.) that originally appeared as digital media. 6360: 6256: 6246: 5930: 5841: 5656: 5591: 5576: 5496: 5300: 5202: 5164: 5149: 4940: 4915: 4789: 4771: 4731: 4628: 4543: 4462: 4431: 4384: 4327: 4292: 4264: 4239: 4183: 4077: 3963: 3948: 3789: 3714: 2984: 2836: 2569: 2534: 2384: 2290: 2218: 1387: 858:: Measure the number of people who engaged with an item (social shares, likes and comments). 149: 1669:

Edward Bernays, "The New Propagandists", in Propaganda, (New York: H. Liveright, 1928), 38.

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Create communication that is accurate, trusting, to ensure mutual respect and understanding

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Have I target persuadees who are not capable of understanding the claims and the context?

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In August 1978, the World Assembly of Public Relations Associations defined the field as

215:, and persuade them to maintain a positive or favorable view about the organization, its 199:. Public relations aims to create or obtain coverage for clients for free, also known as 2895: 2177:

Public Relations in Britain: A History of Professional Practice in the Twentieth Century

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Edward Bernays, "Organizing Chaos," in Propaganda, (New York: H. Liverlight, 1928), 11.

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Edward Bernays, "Organizing Chaos," in Propaganda, (New York: H. Liverlight, 1928), 10.

1373: 1338: 1294: 1286: 929: 824: 599: 514: 480: 453: 344: 319: 255: 367:"Public relations helps an organization and its publics adapt mutually to each other." 6522: 6408: 6355: 6283: 6124: 5935: 5666: 5661: 5476: 5433: 5242: 5222: 5061: 4805: 4653: 4558: 4368: 4347: 3943: 3919: 3809: 3804: 3744: 3704: 3684: 3613: 3558: 3446: 3386: 3004: 2865: 2404: 2302: 1766: 499: 484: 392: 163:) is the practice of managing and disseminating information from an individual or an 2278: 2116:"'The internet is a conversation': Lessons from the Cluetrain Manifesto 17 years on" 1337:

Notable PR firms that have engaged in reputation laundering include British PR firm

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Do I truly believe that what is being presented will benefit those who are reading?

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Franklin, Bob; Hogan, Mike; Langley, Quentin; Mosdell, Nick; Pill, Elliot (2009).

537:

Financial public relations – communicating financial results and business strategy

2294: 2175: 2034: 1989: 1622: 6266: 6196: 6025: 5903: 5831: 5781: 5696: 5686: 5641: 5596: 5373: 5333: 5184: 5091: 5086: 4955: 4945: 4930: 4756: 4726: 4708: 4573: 4342: 4163: 4100: 4072: 3993: 3799: 3406: 1834:

All About Public Relations: how to build business success on good communications

1305: 1138: 1089: 1057:

Creating results and spreading results that are attainable and they can deliver.

603: 472: 192: 2625:"Council Post: Reflecting On Ethics And Doing The Right Thing As Professionals" 2388: 459:

The United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and others used the concept of

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Social media and public relations: Eight new practices for the pr professional

2654: 2573: 2538: 2222: 1497: 1392: 1100: 904: 527: 468: 464: 460: 441: 419: 287: 259: 254:. Common responsibilities include designing communications campaigns, writing 224: 216: 188: 3155:

https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-9013/CBP-9013.pdf

2996: 2546: 2396: 2362: 2081:

Americanisation in 20th Century Europe: business, culture, politics. Volume 2

1304:

When a lobby group hides its true purpose and support base, it is known as a

1186:

Does this influence people to believe something that I do not believe myself?

179:) to the public in order to influence their perception. Public relations and 6161: 6095: 6062: 5174: 5154: 5129: 5008: 4980: 4893: 4830: 4716: 4578: 4548: 4401: 4110: 3983: 3968: 3461: 1432: 1115: 1039:

Having sensitivity towards other people's thoughts, beliefs, and way of life

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Being understanding and open to other people's cultures, values, and beliefs

876:: Measure how many online items mention the brand, organization, or product. 828: 445: 431: 263: 220: 204: 184: 180: 505:

In the second half of the 20th century, public relations entered an era of

5852: 3167:"Government response to Intelligence and Security Committee Russia Report" 2076: 1256:

Have I unfairly stereotyped groups of society in my statements or actions?

916:

represents the main ethical predicament of public relations. In 2000, the

6495: 6117: 6035: 5736: 5601: 5305: 5081: 4905: 4888: 4825: 4688: 4606: 4598: 4317: 1354: 832: 820: 540: 363:, a professional trade association, defined public relations in 1982 as: 247: 228: 168: 5507: 3309: 2726: 2460:"PR Measurement Standardization: Moving Toward Industry Agreement: PRSA" 2075:

Kipping, Matthias; Tiratsoo, Nick (2 May 2018), Kipping, Mathias (ed.),

547:

public relations – gaining publicity for a particular product or service

444:. Evidence shows that it continued to evolve during the settling of the 6455: 6261: 6090: 5726: 5586: 5421: 5406: 5290: 5207: 4925: 4693: 4623: 4426: 4332: 4287: 3518: 3486: 2970:"Ethical Decision Making and Reputation Management in Public Relations" 2039:. Dedalus Concept Books. Sawtry, Cambridgeshire: Dedalus. p. 124. 1346: 1259:

Will my statements or actions cause harms to various groups of society?

1221:

Is this presented to persuadees who are rational, self-thinking beings?

476: 311: 279: 649:

or group they are interested in. The Publics in Public Relations are:

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What ethical responsibility do I hold by presenting this information?

492: 267: 3035:, p. 166, Phil Williams, Ernesto Ugo Savona, Psychology Press, 1996. 2780:. Blog.prnewswire.com (17 February 2012). Retrieved on 16 July 2013. 1922: 1886: 622:

A fundamental technique used in public relations is to identify the

332:

would be "disputed by both practitioners and critics in the field."

3100:"'Reputation laundering' is lucrative business for London PR firms" 2752:

Spin Doctor a Derogatory Term That Needs to Go, Dilenschneider Says

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were hired by Saudi Arabia to perform reputation laundering after

1350: 1063: 144: 2854:, 88:829–838; Winning, But Losing, Ansolabehere and Iyenger, 1996 1988:

Manning, Martin J.; Manning, Martin; Romerstein, Herbert (2004).

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Public relations can also be defined as the practice of managing

4870: 3888: 1737:"Public Relations Defined, After an Energetic Public Discussion" 1678:

Jensen Zhao. Encyclopedia of Business, 2nd. Ed. Retrieved from

1362: 1297:, typically in a way that benefits the sponsoring organization. 1293:

are created to influence government policy, corporate policy or

607: 5856: 5511: 4497: 3892: 3313: 1033:

Keeping up with information to ensure accuracy of communication

2751: 1485:(10th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall 1205:

Do I support or advocate in the statement, person, or product?

348: 75: 36: 3046:"PR firms make London world capital of reputation laundering" 2834:(25 November 1999). "Three Cheers for Negative Campaigning". 30:"Public information" redirects here. Not to be confused with 1498:"#10 Important Trends in PR that You Can't Afford to Ignore" 1177:

Is this communicating something factually true and accurate?

565:– engaging government departments to influence public policy 3258:

Public Relations History: from the 17th to the 20th Century

864:: Measure the number of people who may have viewed an item. 3127:"British accountants and PR firms told to cut Russia ties" 2510: 2508: 2485:

Holtzhausen, Derina; Zerfass, Ansgar (20 November 2014).

783:

Face an issue but are unorganized to mobilize against it.

3281: 2866:"The TARES Test: Five Principles for Ethical Persuasion" 1048:

Giving proper credit to resources used for communication

3086:

Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond

2771:

Dear Gracie: Is 'Flack' a Four-Letter Word? | Beyond PR

2154:

Greatest Hits Blog – the best business books summerised

1199:

Will people question my honesty or integrity from this?

456:

for his establishment of "Editorial Services" in 1924.

448:

and during the movement to abolish slavery in England.

104: 2655:"Code of Ethics - Public Relations Society of America" 1060:

Being fully truthful to other people, and themselves.

452:

is considered the founder of public relations in the

3204:, The Institute for Public Relations, archived from 3033:

The United Nations and Transnational Organized Crime

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The Dedalus Book of Literary Suicides: Dead Letters

1692:"What Is Public Relations | Learn About PR | PRSSA" 1036:

Understanding free speech and respecting this right

594:Within each discipline, typical activities include 16:

Management of public communication of organizations

2817:Bike, William S. (28 March 2004). Campaign Guide: 2525:Marshall, Tim (2002). "Ethics – Who needs them?". 2283:Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik 1621: 3299:(1st ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2488:The Routledge Handbook of Strategic Communication 1528:"Career Overview: Public Relations – Wetfeet.com" 792:Face an issue and are organized to respond to it. 326:noted that the definition of public relations in 270:for company leaders, acting as an organization's 2345:Public relations : a values-driven approach 1847:"The history of Public Relations | Adoni Media" 533:Specific public relations disciplines include: 517:became broadly accepted by the general public. 2946:On the Record: Politics, Politicians and Power 1994:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. xxviii. 635:raise money to find a cure for a disease, the 422:. Academics have found early forms of public 5868: 5523: 4509: 3904: 3325: 3233:The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History 2601:The Unseen Power: Public Relations: A History 1003:International Public Relations Code of Ethics 440:, for example, explains core foundations for 258:and other content for news, working with the 250:, the media, relevant trade media, and other 89:The examples and perspective in this article 8: 1991:Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda 774:Face an issue but do not care to address it. 6371:Political polarization in the United States 2864:Baker, Sherry; Martinson, David L. (2001). 2700: 2698: 1718:"PRSA's Old Definition of Public Relations" 1624:PR 2.0: New Media, New Tools, New Audiences 5875: 5861: 5853: 5530: 5516: 5508: 4516: 4502: 4494: 4090: 3911: 3897: 3889: 3332: 3318: 3310: 1798: 1796: 1576:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1237:Is this appeal fair and nondiscriminatory? 152:are one approach used in public relations. 6424:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal 2761:. Don Hale PR. Retrieved on 16 July 2013. 1874:. School of Communication and Reputation. 1349:, and the Pinochet Foundation. PR firms 1183:Am I creating a false narrative or image? 559:– communicating within the company itself 487:of the 1920s, artists and poets (such as 395:between an organization and its publics. 278:, media interviews and speeches, writing 131:Learn how and when to remove this message 1923:"The History of Public Relations in U.K" 1887:"The History of Public Relations in U.K" 1650: 1648: 1180:Does this downplay or diminish evidence? 530:strategies to achieve managerial aims." 191:-based, and this differentiates it from 1925:(Academia.edu): 1 – via Academia. 1771:Chartered Institute of Public Relations 1455: 926:Chartered Institute of Public Relations 381:Chartered Institute of Public Relations 3069: 3067: 2682: 2680: 2194:from the original on 21 September 2013 2097:from the original on 23 September 2021 1958:"Basil Clarke: past and present of PR" 1939: 1928: 1903: 1892: 1569: 1042:Not taking part in unethical behaviors 765:Face an issue but do not recognize it. 383:focuses its definition on reputation: 6466:Psychological effects of Internet use 3306:(2nd ed.). Sofia: Alma communication. 2733:from the original on 6 September 2019 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2322: 2320: 2174:L'Etang, Jacquie (2 September 2004). 1555:Everyday Public Relations for Lawyers 1016:Having proper and legal communication 303:relations trade, which is publicity. 7: 2635:from the original on 7 November 2020 2279:"The Stakeholder Approach Revisited" 2217:, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2126:from the original on 28 January 2021 2008:from the original on 5 February 2021 1968:from the original on 20 January 2021 1463:Grunig, James E; Hunt, Todd (1984), 1234:(of the persuasive appeal) examples 756:Share no issue with an organization. 6441:Digital media use and mental health 2948:, Hachette Australia, p. 191, 2659:Public Relations Society of America 2562:Journal of Communication Management 2527:Journal of Communication Management 2466:from the original on 25 August 2015 2289:(3), Rainer Hampp Verlag: 228–241, 2215:Journal of Communication Management 1508:from the original on 25 August 2018 918:Public Relations Society of America 722:: People outside of an organization 361:Public Relations Society of America 2876:from the original on 22 March 2022 2053:from the original on 22 March 2022 1747:from the original on 17 April 2017 266:for company spokespeople, writing 14: 6446:Effects of violence in mass media 6145:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 3014:from the original on 20 June 2019 2968:Farmer, Yanick (2 January 2018). 2852:American Political Science Review 2665:from the original on 8 March 2019 2439:from the original on 1 April 2019 1496:Singh, Honey (29 December 2017). 1483:The Practice of Public Relations. 1408:List of public relations journals 21:Public Relations (disambiguation) 6419:2021 Facebook company files leak 6140:Mobile phones and driving safety 4407:Concentration of media ownership 3873: 3872: 3527: 3260:, Lawrence Earlbaum Associates, 2741:– via The Free Dictionary. 2689:Encyclopedia of public relations 2241:Key concepts in public relations 1810:Key Concepts in Public Relations 1557:(1st ed.), Doylestown, PA, 1367:Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi 887:Types of public relations arenas 819:Digital marketing is the use of 575:Social media/community marketing 318:name and image, and his friend, 314:, the man who turned around the 298:, and marketing activities like 80: 41: 6391:2020 U.S. presidential election 6386:2016 U.S. presidential election 5160:Party platforms (or manifestos) 3392:Computer-mediated communication 2687:Heath, Robert Lawrence (2004). 2603:, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1253:(for the common good) examples 823:tools and technologies such as 714:: People within an organization 640:audience that matters to them. 2429:"Social Media Marketing (SMM)" 1735:Stuart Elliot (1 March 2012). 1403:List of press release agencies 944:Public Relation Code of Ethics 827:, Web 2.0 social bookmarking, 644:The public in public relations 1: 5957:Betteridge's law of headlines 3274:Heitmueller, Lars M. (2012), 3198:A History of Public Relations 3125:Thomas, Daniel (4 May 2022). 2989:10.1080/23736992.2017.1401931 1871:Evolution of public relations 1868:Alim, Shifta (29 July 2020). 1659:. Bellman Publishing Company. 1467:(6th ed.), Orlando, FL: 1308:. Front groups are a form of 1215:(for the persuadee) examples 742:Early literature authored by 237:nongovernmental organizations 6476:Social aspects of television 6376:Social media use in politics 6021:Missing white woman syndrome 5802:Rally 'round the flag effect 5677:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt 5248:Rally 'round the flag effect 3514:Text and conversation theory 2295:10.5771/1439-880X-2004-3-228 1196:(of the persuader) examples 1094:PR! A Social History of Spin 5982:Least objectionable program 3304:Public Relations Management 3237:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1593:"What Is Public Relations?" 901:Litigation public relations 414:History of public relations 233:public information officers 107:, discuss the issue on the 50:It has been suggested that 6555: 6322:Algorithmic radicalization 2930:See Peter Viggo Jakobsen, 2389:10.1177/107769907805500115 2277:Freeman, R Edward (2004), 1481:Seitel, Fraser P. (2007), 1322: 1275:Politics and civil society 1174:(of the message) examples 1126: 1077: 812: 730:: Those within the country 598:, speaking opportunities, 430:in ancient civilizations. 411: 286:content, managing company 93:the English-speaking world 29: 18: 6436:Cultural impact of TikTok 5894: 5545: 4589:Manipulation (psychology) 3868: 3525: 3347: 3302:Stoykov, Lubomir (2016). 2574:10.1108/13632540510621498 2539:10.1108/13632540310807313 2223:10.1108/13632540610664751 2148:admin (4 November 2010). 1469:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1465:Managing Public Relations 1428:Public relations in India 1045:Obeying policies and laws 1030:Being credible and honest 428:communications management 203:, rather than paying for 67:Proposed since July 2024. 32:Public sector information 6508:Violence and video games 6486:Social impact of YouTube 6366:Knowledge gap hypothesis 6289:Social-desirability bias 6182:Information–action ratio 4767:Criticism of advertising 4483:Society of the Spectacle 3472:Nonviolent communication 3402:History of communication 3152:House of Commons Library 2713:22 December 2016 at the 2180:. Taylor & Francis. 1151:competitive intelligence 553:– responding in a crisis 507:professional development 274:, preparing clients for 197:marketing communications 6461:Mass shooting contagion 5909:Evolutionary psychology 5607:Cartographic propaganda 5429:Promotional merchandise 5140:Character assassination 5077:Narcotizing dysfunction 4951:Photograph manipulation 4664:Guerrilla communication 4364:Influence of mass media 4169:Narcotizing dysfunction 3467:Nonverbal communication 3457:Models of communication 2977:Journal of Media Ethics 2776:28 October 2012 at the 2704:Safire, William (1996) 1553:Rubel, Gina F. (2007), 1080:Spin (public relations) 940:employers and clients. 663:Non-Traditional Publics 557:Internal communications 511:The Cluetrain Manifesto 296:internal communications 95:and do not represent a 6451:Fascination with death 6314:Political polarization 6242:Availability heuristic 6207:Television consumption 5792:Propaganda of the deed 5762:New generation warfare 5712:Historical negationism 5550:Accusation in a mirror 5412:Product demonstrations 4841:Historical negationism 4025:Freedom of information 3223:, New jersey: FT Press 2944:Oakes, Laurie (2010), 1938:Cite journal requires 1902:Cite journal requires 1836:. London: McGraw Hill. 1655:Goldman, Eric (1948). 1329:Some PR firms perform 1070: 837:social media marketing 809:Social media marketing 398: 389: 377: 369: 357: 177:nonprofit organization 153: 6414:Criticism of Facebook 6294:Social influence bias 6177:Information pollution 6167:Information explosion 6150:Texting while driving 6106:Low information voter 6004:Pink-slime journalism 5787:Psychological warfare 5752:Monumental propaganda 5702:Glittering generality 5682:Firehose of falsehood 5539:Propaganda techniques 5344:Reputation management 5263:Psychological warfare 5112:Political campaigning 4921:Firehose of falsehood 4412:Exploitation of women 3619:Mediated cross-border 3341:Communication studies 3295:Kelleher, T. (2018). 3217:Breakenridge, Deirdre 2343:David., Guth (2012), 1618:Breakenridge, Deirdre 1438:Reputation management 1423:Promotion (marketing) 1398:Impression management 1331:reputation laundering 1325:Reputation laundering 1319:Reputation laundering 1250:Social Responsibility 1067: 735:International Publics 515:Internet technologies 385: 373: 365: 341: 148: 6534:Communication design 6431:Criticism of Netflix 6237:Availability cascade 6172:Information overload 6081:Attention management 6076:Attention inequality 5972:Human-interest story 5914:Behavioral modernity 5899:Cognitive psychology 5627:Demonizing the enemy 5379:Corporate propaganda 3554:Communication theory 3549:Communication design 2819:Negative Campaigning 2377:Journalism Quarterly 1832:Hayward, R, (1991), 1534:on 29 September 2015 1343:Alexander Lukashenko 1155:negative campaigning 1143:industrial espionage 1129:Negative campaigning 591:in media relations. 563:Government relations 551:Crisis communication 329:Webster's Dictionary 320:Edward Louis Bernays 113:create a new article 105:improve this article 91:deal primarily with 60:into this article. ( 19:For other uses, see 6344:Post-truth politics 6274:Mean world syndrome 5817:Shooting and crying 5647:Emotive conjugation 5622:Cult of personality 5572:Atrocity propaganda 5467:Media concentration 5339:Non-apology apology 5329:Cult of personality 5057:Emotive conjugation 4811:Burying of scholars 4458:Advanced capitalism 4144:Cult of personality 4058:Advanced capitalism 2757:18 May 2013 at the 1812:. Sage Publishing. 1591:Roos, Dave (n.d.). 687:Intervening Publics 655:Traditional Publics 630:On the other hand, 25:PR (disambiguation) 6157:Influence-for-hire 6135:Media multitasking 6130:Human multitasking 6048:Tabloid television 5999:Media manipulation 5777:Oversimplification 5757:Moralistic fallacy 5450:Influence-for-hire 5243:National mythology 5213:Crowd manipulation 5102:Tabloid journalism 4971:Video manipulation 4916:Fictitious entries 4639:Civil disobedience 4525:Media manipulation 4379:Semiotic democracy 4303:Civil disobedience 4215:Media manipulation 4205:Crowd manipulation 4128:Tabloid journalism 4042:Media transparency 4020:Media independence 3934:24-hour news cycle 3584:Discourse analysis 3509:Telecommunications 3452:Meta-communication 3106:. 5 September 2017 1741:The New York Times 1418:Media manipulation 1413:Media intelligence 1147:social engineering 1135:corporate identity 1110:), the so-called " 1071: 907:(Haggerty, 2003). 618:Audience targeting 154: 6516: 6515: 6339:Fake news website 6299:Spiral of silence 6252:Confirmation bias 6071:Attention economy 6053:Yellow journalism 5941:Social psychology 5850: 5849: 5742:Managing the news 5567:Appeal to emotion 5505: 5504: 5271:Airborne leaflets 5150:Election promises 5004:Product placement 4879:Alternative facts 4619:Alternative media 4491: 4490: 4417:Freedom of speech 4235:Theodor W. Adorno 4223: 4222: 4210:Managing the news 4030:Freedom of speech 4010:Media development 3974:News broadcasting 3954:Independent media 3939:Alternative media 3886: 3885: 3284:on 8 October 2013 2955:978-0-7336-2700-2 2610:978-0-8058-1464-4 2498:978-1-136-20712-9 2427:Rouse, Margaret. 2354:978-0-205-81180-9 2254:978-1-4129-2318-7 2237:"Target audience" 2187:978-1-4106-1081-2 2090:978-2-490296-08-8 2046:978-1-903517-66-6 2001:978-0-313-29605-5 1849:. 31 October 2018 1620:(26 March 2008). 1564:978-0-9801719-0-7 1112:non-denial denial 815:Digital marketing 770:Apathetic Publics 703:Secondary Publics 292:crisis management 276:press conferences 241:account executive 173:government agency 150:Media conferences 141: 140: 133: 115:, as appropriate. 74: 73: 69: 6546: 6529:Public relations 6361:Knowledge divide 6257:Crowd psychology 6247:Bandwagon effect 6014:Public relations 5931:Media psychology 5877: 5870: 5863: 5854: 5842:White propaganda 5797:Public relations 5772:Overcomplication 5657:False accusation 5592:Black propaganda 5582:Beautiful people 5577:Bandwagon effect 5532: 5525: 5518: 5509: 5497:Media proprietor 5321:Public relations 5301:Public diplomacy 5286:Information (IT) 5165:Name recognition 4790:Media regulation 4772:Annoyance factor 4629:Call-out culture 4544:Crowd psychology 4518: 4511: 4504: 4495: 4463:Culture industry 4432:Social influence 4385:The Lonely Crowd 4328:Political satire 4293:Call-out culture 4270:Jacques Rancière 4265:Marshall McLuhan 4240:Jean Baudrillard 4184:Viral phenomenon 4118:Public relations 4091: 3964:Mainstream media 3949:Electronic media 3913: 3906: 3899: 3890: 3876: 3875: 3531: 3482:Public relations 3377:Biocommunication 3334: 3327: 3320: 3311: 3297:Public Relations 3292: 3291: 3289: 3280:, archived from 3270: 3249: 3224: 3212: 3210: 3203: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3163: 3157: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3139: 3137: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3096: 3090: 3083: 3077: 3071: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3021: 3019: 3013: 2974: 2965: 2959: 2958: 2941: 2935: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2896:"Edward Bernays 2892: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2881: 2861: 2855: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2832:Saletan, William 2828: 2822: 2815: 2809: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2781: 2768: 2762: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2723: 2717: 2707:The Spinner Spun 2702: 2693: 2692: 2684: 2675: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2651: 2645: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2522: 2516: 2512: 2503: 2502: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2424: 2418: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2340: 2315: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2258: 2243:. 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Archived from 1524: 1518: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1478: 1472: 1471: 1460: 1388:Brand management 1012:follow include. 896:Other techniques 727:Domestic Publics 719:External Publics 711:Internal Publics 695:Primary Publics: 596:publicity events 229:public officials 157:Public relations 136: 129: 125: 122: 116: 84: 83: 76: 65: 45: 44: 37: 6554: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6547: 6545: 6544: 6543: 6539:Business ethics 6519: 6518: 6517: 6512: 6397: 6312: 6303: 6279:Negativity bias 6227: 6218: 6187:One weird trick 6101:Cognitive miser 6057: 5950:Media practices 5945: 5890: 5881: 5851: 5846: 5732:Loaded language 5541: 5536: 5506: 5501: 5492:Media influence 5487:Media franchise 5472:Media democracy 5438: 5383: 5315: 5257: 5238:Loaded language 5189: 5106: 5023: 4975: 4865: 4794: 4776: 4703: 4644:Culture jamming 4593: 4527: 4522: 4492: 4487: 4473:Media franchise 4446: 4390: 4352: 4308:Culture jamming 4274: 4260:Walter Lippmann 4219: 4188: 4132: 4082: 4046: 4037:Media pluralism 3998: 3922: 3917: 3887: 3882: 3864: 3653: 3532: 3523: 3370: 3368: 3361: 3343: 3338: 3287: 3285: 3273: 3268: 3252: 3247: 3227: 3215: 3208: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3190:Further reading 3187: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3133: 3131:Financial Times 3124: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3084: 3080: 3072: 3065: 3055: 3053: 3052:. 3 August 2010 3044: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3017: 3015: 3011: 2972: 2967: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2894: 2893: 2889: 2879: 2877: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2849: 2845: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2793: 2788: 2784: 2778:Wayback Machine 2769: 2765: 2759:Wayback Machine 2750: 2746: 2736: 2734: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2715:Wayback Machine 2703: 2696: 2686: 2685: 2678: 2668: 2666: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2638: 2636: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2611: 2595: 2594: 2590: 2585: 2581: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2513: 2506: 2499: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2374: 2373: 2369: 2355: 2342: 2341: 2318: 2313: 2309: 2276: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2255: 2234: 2233: 2229: 2212: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2188: 2173: 2172: 2168: 2158: 2156: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2129: 2127: 2114: 2113: 2109: 2100: 2098: 2091: 2074: 2073: 2069: 2056: 2054: 2047: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2011: 2009: 2002: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1971: 1969: 1956: 1955: 1951: 1937: 1927: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1901: 1891: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1867: 1866: 1862: 1852: 1850: 1845: 1844: 1840: 1831: 1827: 1820: 1807: 1801: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1775: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1750: 1748: 1734: 1733: 1729: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1690: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1653: 1646: 1636: 1616: 1615: 1611: 1601: 1599: 1597:How Stuff Works 1590: 1589: 1585: 1568: 1565: 1552: 1551: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1526: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1495: 1494: 1490: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1383: 1327: 1321: 1277: 1163: 1131: 1125: 1082: 1076: 1005: 946: 913: 898: 889: 817: 811: 802: 797: 646: 624:target audience 620: 569:Media relations 523: 416: 410: 401: 353:public interest 309: 300:brand awareness 252:opinion leaders 137: 126: 120: 117: 102: 85: 81: 70: 53:Media relations 46: 42: 35: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6552: 6550: 6542: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6521: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6510: 6505: 6500: 6499: 6498: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6411: 6405: 6403: 6402:Related topics 6399: 6398: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6352: 6351: 6346: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6329: 6318: 6316: 6309:Digital divide 6305: 6304: 6302: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6270: 6269: 6264: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6224:Cognitive bias 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6214:Sticky content 6211: 6210: 6209: 6204: 6202:Binge-watching 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6153: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6127: 6122: 6121: 6120: 6113:Digital zombie 6110: 6109: 6108: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6086:Attention span 6083: 6078: 6073: 6067: 6065: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6039: 6038: 6031:Sensationalism 6028: 6023: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6006: 5996: 5991: 5990: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5977:Junk food news 5974: 5964: 5959: 5953: 5951: 5947: 5946: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5927: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5906: 5901: 5895: 5892: 5891: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5872: 5865: 5857: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5722:Indoctrination 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5632:Disinformation 5629: 5624: 5619: 5617:Cherry picking 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5574: 5569: 5564: 5562:Appeal to fear 5559: 5552: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5535: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5512: 5503: 5502: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5463: 5462: 5452: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5425: 5424: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5393: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5382: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5369:Understatement 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5325: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5267: 5265: 5259: 5258: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5233:Indoctrination 5230: 5225: 5220: 5218:Disinformation 5215: 5210: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5180:Smear campaign 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5116: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5097:Sensationalism 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5037:Agenda-setting 5033: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4985: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4911:False document 4908: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4867: 4866: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4816:Catch and kill 4813: 4808: 4803: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4781: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4713: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4649:Demonstrations 4646: 4641: 4636: 4634:Cancel culture 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4603: 4601: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4498: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4444: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4424: 4419: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4388: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4298:Cancel culture 4295: 4290: 4284: 4282: 4280:Counterculture 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4245:Edward Bernays 4242: 4237: 4231: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4200:Catch and kill 4196: 4194: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4186: 4181: 4179:Sensationalism 4176: 4171: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4140: 4138: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4120: 4115: 4114: 4113: 4103: 4097: 4095: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4070: 4068:Bipartisanship 4065: 4063:American Dream 4060: 4054: 4052: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4044: 4039: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4027: 4017: 4012: 4006: 4004: 4000: 3999: 3997: 3996: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3936: 3930: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3916: 3915: 3908: 3901: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3624:Organizational 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3574:Cross-cultural 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3540: 3538: 3534: 3533: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3494: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3469: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3422:Intrapersonal 3419: 3414: 3409: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3379: 3373: 3371: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3336: 3329: 3322: 3314: 3308: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3271: 3266: 3250: 3245: 3225: 3213: 3211:on 2 June 2010 3191: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3173:. 21 July 2020 3158: 3143: 3117: 3091: 3078: 3063: 3037: 3025: 2960: 2954: 2936: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2887: 2856: 2843: 2823: 2810: 2801: 2791: 2782: 2763: 2744: 2718: 2694: 2676: 2646: 2615: 2609: 2588: 2579: 2552: 2533:(2): 107–112. 2517: 2504: 2497: 2477: 2458:Yann, Arthur. 2450: 2419: 2410: 2383:(1): 109–124. 2367: 2353: 2316: 2307: 2269: 2260: 2253: 2227: 2205: 2186: 2166: 2140: 2107: 2089: 2067: 2045: 2022: 2000: 1979: 1949: 1940:|journal= 1913: 1904:|journal= 1877: 1860: 1838: 1825: 1818: 1792: 1783: 1758: 1727: 1708: 1683: 1671: 1662: 1657:Two-Way Street 1644: 1634: 1609: 1583: 1563: 1545: 1519: 1488: 1473: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1374:United Kingdom 1339:Bell Pottinger 1323:Main article: 1320: 1317: 1295:public opinion 1276: 1273: 1272: 1271: 1270: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1203: 1200: 1189: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1162: 1159: 1124: 1121: 1108:cherry picking 1078:Main article: 1075: 1072: 1062: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 991: 983: 975: 967: 959: 945: 942: 912: 909: 897: 894: 888: 885: 884: 883: 877: 871: 865: 859: 825:search engines 813:Main article: 810: 807: 801: 798: 796: 795: 788:Active Publics 784: 775: 766: 761:Latent Publics 757: 740: 739: 731: 723: 715: 707: 699: 691: 683: 675: 671:Latent Publics 667: 659: 645: 642: 619: 616: 600:press releases 588: 587: 584: 581: 578: 572: 566: 560: 554: 548: 538: 522: 519: 502:of 1948–1952. 481:Edward Bernays 454:United Kingdom 412:Main article: 409: 406: 400: 397: 345:social science 308: 305: 256:press releases 139: 138: 99:of the subject 97:worldwide view 88: 86: 79: 72: 71: 49: 47: 40: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6551: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6416: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6409:Computer rage 6407: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6381:United States 6379: 6378: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6356:Filter bubble 6354: 6350: 6349:United States 6347: 6345: 6342: 6341: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6328: 6325: 6324: 6323: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6284:Peer pressure 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6132: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6125:Doomscrolling 6123: 6119: 6116: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6060: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6034: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5969: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5948: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5936:Media studies 5934: 5932: 5929: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5888:human factors 5885: 5878: 5873: 5871: 5866: 5864: 5859: 5858: 5855: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5667:False dilemma 5665: 5663: 5662:False balance 5660: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5573: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5533: 5528: 5526: 5521: 5519: 5514: 5513: 5510: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5477:Media ecology 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5460:United States 5458: 5457: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5434:Telemarketing 5432: 5430: 5427: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5268: 5266: 5264: 5260: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5223:Fearmongering 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5062:False balance 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5019:Word of mouth 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4806:Broadcast law 4804: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4714: 4712: 4710: 4706: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4654:Deplatforming 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4559:False balance 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4507: 4505: 4500: 4499: 4496: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4443: 4440: 4438: 4435: 4433: 4430: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4418: 4415: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4374:Mediatization 4372: 4370: 4369:Media studies 4367: 4365: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4355: 4349: 4348:Strike action 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4336: 4334: 4331: 4329: 4326: 4324: 4321: 4319: 4316: 4314: 4313:Demonstration 4311: 4309: 4306: 4304: 4301: 4299: 4296: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4277: 4271: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4232: 4230: 4226: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4191: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4092: 4089: 4085: 4079: 4078:Pensée unique 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4040: 4038: 4035: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4022: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4007: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3944:Digital media 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3925: 3921: 3920:Media culture 3914: 3909: 3907: 3902: 3900: 3895: 3894: 3891: 3879: 3871: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3614:Media studies 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3604:International 3602: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3589:Environmental 3587: 3585: 3582: 3580: 3579:Developmental 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3559:Communicology 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3541: 3539: 3535: 3530: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3503: 3500: 3499: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3468: 3465: 3463: 3460: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3450: 3448: 3447:Media ecology 3445: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3417:Interpersonal 3415: 3413: 3412:Intercultural 3410: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3387:Communication 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3330: 3328: 3323: 3321: 3316: 3315: 3312: 3305: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3283: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3269: 3267:0-8058-1780-8 3263: 3259: 3255: 3254:Cutlip, Scott 3251: 3248: 3246:0-8058-1464-7 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3229:Cutlip, Scott 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3207: 3200: 3199: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3172: 3168: 3162: 3159: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3132: 3128: 3121: 3118: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3092: 3087: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3026: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2971: 2964: 2961: 2957: 2951: 2947: 2940: 2937: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2901: 2900:(1928) p. 10" 2899: 2891: 2888: 2875: 2871: 2870:Research Gate 2867: 2860: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2844: 2840:. Washington. 2839: 2838: 2833: 2827: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2795: 2792: 2786: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2772: 2767: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2753: 2748: 2745: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2650: 2647: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2623:Gostin, Ira. 2619: 2616: 2612: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2597:Cutlip, Scott 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2521: 2518: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2494: 2491:. Routledge. 2490: 2489: 2481: 2478: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2451: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2420: 2414: 2411: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2371: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2350: 2346: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2273: 2270: 2264: 2261: 2256: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2209: 2206: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2170: 2167: 2155: 2151: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2111: 2108: 2096: 2092: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2052: 2048: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2032: 2031:Lachman, Gary 2026: 2023: 2019: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1983: 1980: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1953: 1950: 1945: 1932: 1924: 1917: 1914: 1909: 1896: 1888: 1881: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1864: 1861: 1848: 1842: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1826: 1821: 1819:9781446269084 1815: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1797: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1759: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1731: 1728: 1723: 1719: 1712: 1709: 1697: 1693: 1687: 1684: 1681: 1675: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1658: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1635:9780132703970 1631: 1626: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1610: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1566: 1560: 1556: 1549: 1546: 1533: 1529: 1523: 1520: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1492: 1489: 1484: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1456: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1378: 1375: 1370: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1332: 1326: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1274: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1252: 1251: 1247: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1130: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1099:According to 1097: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1035: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1009: 1002: 997: 996: 992: 989: 988: 984: 981: 980: 976: 973: 972: 968: 965: 964: 960: 957: 956: 952: 951: 950: 943: 941: 937: 933: 931: 927: 921: 919: 910: 908: 906: 902: 895: 893: 886: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 853: 852: 848: 844: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 816: 808: 806: 799: 794: 791: 789: 785: 782: 780: 779:Aware Publics 776: 773: 771: 767: 764: 762: 758: 755: 753: 749: 748: 747: 745: 737: 736: 732: 729: 728: 724: 721: 720: 716: 713: 712: 708: 705: 704: 700: 697: 696: 692: 689: 688: 684: 681: 680: 679:Aware Publics 676: 673: 672: 668: 665: 664: 660: 657: 656: 652: 651: 650: 643: 641: 638: 633: 628: 625: 617: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 585: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 542: 539: 536: 535: 534: 531: 529: 520: 518: 516: 512: 508: 503: 501: 500:Marshall plan 496: 494: 490: 486: 485:Soviet Russia 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 438: 433: 429: 425: 421: 415: 407: 405: 396: 394: 393:communication 388: 384: 382: 379:The UK-based 376: 372: 368: 364: 362: 356: 354: 350: 347:of analyzing 346: 343:"the art and 340: 337: 333: 331: 330: 325: 321: 317: 313: 306: 304: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 244: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 208: 206: 202: 198: 195:as a form of 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 151: 147: 143: 135: 132: 124: 114: 110: 106: 100: 98: 94: 87: 78: 77: 68: 63: 59: 55: 54: 48: 39: 38: 33: 26: 22: 6503:Technophobia 6491:Technophilia 6334:Echo chamber 6192:Rage farming 6013: 5967:Infotainment 5837:Whataboutism 5807:Scapegoating 5796: 5767:Obscurantism 5747:Minimisation 5652:Exaggeration 5554: 5482:Media ethics 5402:Door-to-door 5397:Cold calling 5374:Weasel words 5320: 5281:Fifth column 5175:Push polling 5125:Astroturfing 5087:Pseudo-event 5067:Infotainment 5042:Broadcasting 4961:Urban legend 4884:April Fools' 4757:Testimonials 4727:Infomercials 4554:Dumbing down 4478:Post-Fordism 4468:Mass society 4437:Transparency 4383: 4250:Noam Chomsky 4228:Philosophers 4174:Recuperation 4159:Media circus 4149:Dumbing down 4117: 4015:Media policy 3989:Social media 3481: 3397:Conversation 3382:Broadcasting 3303: 3296: 3286:, retrieved 3282:the original 3276: 3257: 3232: 3220: 3206:the original 3197: 3175:. 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