31:
151:; in some systems, though, medicine is publicly funded but most hospital providers are private entities, as in Canada. The organization providing public health insurance is not necessarily a public administration, and its budget may be isolated from the main state budget. Some systems do not provide universal healthcare or restrict coverage to public health facilities. Some countries, such as Germany, have multiple public insurance organizations linked by a common legal framework. Some, such as the
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a cost-efficient and cost-effective manner (microeconomic efficiency). A range of measures, such as better payment methods, have improved the microeconomic incentives facing providers. However, introducing improved incentives through a more competitive environment among providers and insurers has proved difficult.
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operating theatres as NHS work and by the same personnel but the hospital and the physician receive funding from an insurance company or the patient. These amenity beds do not exist in all publicly funded systems, such as in Spain. The NHS also pays for private hospitals to take on surgical cases under contract.
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Many OECD countries have implemented reforms to achieve policy goals of ensuring access to health care, improving the quality of health care and health outcomes, allocating an appropriate level of public sector other resources to healthcare but at the same time ensuring that services are provided in
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taxes or contributions. The proportion of the cost of care covered also differs: in Canada, all hospital care is paid for by the government, while in Japan, patients must pay 10 to 30% of the cost of a hospital stay. Services provided by public systems vary. For example, the
Belgian government pays
52:
The fund may be a not-for-profit trust that pays out for healthcare according to common rules established by the members or by some other democratic form. In some countries, the fund is controlled directly by the government or by an agency of the government for the benefit of the entire population.
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found more than 44,800 excess deaths annually in the United States because of
Americans' lacking health insurance, equivalent to one excess death every 12 min. More broadly, the total number of people in the United States, whether insured or uninsured, who die because of lack of medical care was
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have included "amenity beds" which would typically be siderooms fitted more comfortably, and private wards in some hospitals where for a fee more amenities are provided. Patients using these beds are in an NHS hospital for surgical treatment, and operations are generally carried out in the same
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Almost every major country that has a publicly funded healthcare system also has a parallel private system for patients who hold private medical insurance or themselves pay for treatment. In those states, those able to pay have access to treatment and comforts that may not be available to those
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When taxation is the primary means of financing health care and sometimes with compulsory insurance, all eligible people receive the same level of cover regardless of their financial circumstances or risk factors.
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Among countries with significant public funding of healthcare there are many different approaches to the funding and provision of medical services. Systems may be funded from general government revenues (as in
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based on the principle of social solidarity that covers eligible people from bearing the direct burden of most health care expenditure, funded by taxation during their working life.
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336, no. 11 ) "concluded that almost 100,000 people died in the United States each year because of lack of needed care—three times the number of people who died of AIDs."
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financing designed to meet the cost of all or most healthcare needs from a publicly managed fund. Usually this is under some form of democratic
49:, the right of access to which are set down in rules applying to the whole population contributing to the fund or receiving benefits from it.
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499:"A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing mortality rates of private for-profit and private not-for-profit hospitals"
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Most developed countries have partially or fully publicly funded health systems. Most western industrial countries have a system of
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Many countries are seeking the right balance of public and private insurance, public subsidies, and out-of-pocket payments.
30:
631:
534:"Payments for care at private for-profit and private not-for-profit hospitals: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
65:, which seeks to make a profit by managing the flow of funds between funders and providers of health care services.
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the bulk of the fees for dental and eye care, while the
Australian government covers eye care but not dental care.
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Woolhandler S, Himmelstein DU (August 1999). "When money is the mission—the high costs of investor-owned care".
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countries and four of the ten
Canadian provinces allow private medical insurance alongside the state system
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to which are subject to contractual obligations between an insured person (or their sponsor) and an
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2006 international survey on how responsible people think the government is for healthcare funding
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319:"PUBLIC- AND PRIVATE-SECTOR INVOLVEMENT IN HEALTH-CARE SYSTEMS: A COMPARISON OF OECD COUNTRIES."
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Wilper AP, Woolhandler S, Lasser KE, McCormick D, Bor DH, Himmelstein DU (December 2009).
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Publicly funded medicine may be administered and provided by the government, as in the
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As Canada's Slow-Motion Public Health System
Falters, Private Medical Care is Surging
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A 1997 study carried out by
Professors David Himmelstein and Steffie Woolhandler (
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332:"Supreme Court of Canada - Decisions - Chaoulli v. Quebec (Attorney General)"
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577:, Reuters, March 31, 2008 (first reported in Annals of Internal Medicine).
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Devereaux PJ, Heels-Ansdell D, Lacchetti C, et al. (June 2004).
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State-by-state breakout of excess deaths from lack of insurance
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Devereaux PJ, Choi PT, Lacchetti C, et al. (May 2002).
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estimated in a 1997 analysis to be nearly 100,000 per year.
366:"Health-Care Systems: Lessons from the Reform Experience"
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Public opinion on health care reform in the United States
107:) or through a government social security system (as in
484:, Vicente Navarro, September 2003. Retrieved 2009-09-10
159:, allow private for-profit insurers to participate.
53:That distinguishes it from other forms of private
575:Doctors support universal health care: survey
405:"Health Insurance and Mortality in US Adults"
34:Health expenditure funding sources by country
8:
557:
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350:, after expert testimony, found that all
364:Elizabeth Docteur; Howard Oxley (2003).
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321:May 1997. Retrieved September 12, 2006.
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219:A 2009 Harvard study published in the
478:The Inhuman State of U.S. Health Care
262:for varying degrees of public funding
7:
584:, New York Times, February 26, 2006.
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412:American Journal of Public Health
221:American Journal of Public Health
174:dependent upon the state system.
317:Claude Blanchette, Erin Tolley.
181:(1948), public hospitals in the
474:New England Journal of Medicine
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127:) with a separate budget and
27:Form of health care financing
627:Publicly funded health care
602:10.1056/NEJM199908053410611
234:Publicly funded health care
73:Varieties of public systems
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177:From the inception of the
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39:Publicly funded healthcare
18:Publicly funded healthcare
266:National health insurance
424:10.2105/ajph.2008.157685
276:Single-payer health care
296:National Health Service
384:Cite journal requires
348:Canadian Supreme Court
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35:
291:Universal health care
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550:10.1503/cmaj.1040722
260:Health care compared
281:Socialized medicine
169:Two-tier healthcare
163:Two-tier healthcare
632:Health care reform
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200:Health care reform
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418:(12): 2289–2295.
190:Policy discussion
63:insurance company
55:medical insurance
16:(Redirected from
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642:Health education
637:Health economics
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509:(11): 1399–406.
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334:. Archived from
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137:Nordic countries
85:social insurance
59:rights of access
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544:(12): 1817–24.
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621:Categories
342:2011-02-11
306:References
255:Health law
179:NHS model
109:Australia
610:10432332
568:15184339
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442:19762659
228:See also
141:Portugal
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298:of the
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147:, and
113:France
101:Brazil
93:Canada
57:, the
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149:Italy
145:Spain
121:Japan
105:India
606:PMID
564:PMID
538:CMAJ
521:PMID
503:CMAJ
449:2014
438:PMID
390:help
352:OECD
198:and
155:and
123:and
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