218:
75:
394:
462:
50:
31:
359:
Puerto Rican tanagers feed mainly on invertebrates and fruits. The species has been reported to occasionally consume lizards and the nestling of other birds, but most of its diet consists of spiders, insects, centipedes, snails, and various fruits. Fruit consumption is determined by season, but they
350:
Puerto Rican tanagers are known to roost communally in large bamboo clumps or palms. They are typically the nucleus species in mixed feeding flocks, especially in the winter when neotropical migrants are present in Puerto Rico. During the breeding season, tanagers become very territorial and defend
301:
The Puerto Rican tanager is a small passerine, typically measuring between 18 and 20 cm (7–8 in) in length and weighing around 36 g. Both males and females are olive-brown above with pale grey to white underparts. Adults typically have faint dusky striping on the beast and pure white
401:
The breeding season lasts from
January to late-July, though individuals have been recorded breeding at other times of the year. During this time the males become strongly territorial. Nests are located at the ends of branches 2–10 m off the ground and are usually cup-shaped and approximately
430:
montane subtropical rain and wet forests, as well as subtropical lower montane forests. Much of the population is concentrated on the eastern and western sides of the central cordillera of Puerto Rico, with populations in
402:
9.2 cm across. They are typically constructed of vines, ferns, roots, and palm fibers and lined with feathers and palm leaves. Females have a clutch of two or three elliptical white eggs with reddish-brown splotches.
439:
State Forest. Deforestation has contributed to fragmentation of the population, which once stretched across the entire central cordillera, but is now confined to the preserved areas and higher peaks.
4396:
302:
throats. Adults also have a conspicuous white spot on the wing and a dark crown and face which obscures the eye. Undertail coverts are pale fulvous. Males have a brown-black
636:
Carlo, A. T., Collazo, A. J., and Groom, J. M. 2004 Influences of Fruit
Diversity and Abundance in Bird Use of Two Shade Coffe Plantations. Biotropica 36(4): 602-614.
592:
Wetmore, A. 1927. The Birds of Porto Rico and the Virgin
Islands. New York Academy of Sciences Scientific Survey Of Porto Rico and Virgin Islands 9(3&4): 254-406.
4262:
654:
Delannoy, A. C., Cruz, A. 1999. Patterns of Prey
Abundance and Use by Male and Female Puerto Rican Sharp-shinned Hawks. Caribbean Journal of Science 35(1-2): 38-45.
4406:
4301:
583:
Raffaele, H., J. Wiley, O. Garrido, A. Keith, and J. Raffaele. 1998. A guide to the birds of the West Indies. Princeton
University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
351:
nesting territories. Puerto Rican tanagers are strong flyers, but don't often fly long distances, preferring to make short flights through the canopy or brush.
426:
The Puerto Rican tanager is restricted to mid- to high-elevation (300–1350 m) montane forests on the island of Puerto Rico. It typically inhabits mature and
4381:
4236:
4275:
310:
and females have entirely black bills. Immatures are similar in appearance to adults, but are brownish underneath and lack the white wing spot.
4391:
695:
465:
4401:
415:
624:
Pérez-Rivera, R. A. 1997. The
Importance of vertebrates in the diet of tanagers. Journal of Field Ornithology. 68(2): 178-182.
645:
Wetmore, A. 1922. Bird remains from the caves of Puerto Rico. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History 46: 297-333.
4280:
4165:
663:
Collazo, A. J., Bonilla-Martínez, G. I. 1988. Comparación de la riqueza de aves entre plantaciones de pino hondureño (
74:
4306:
688:
432:
397:
Clumps of bamboo in a Puerto Rican subtropical wet forest. Typical roosting habitat for the Puerto Rican tanager.
4314:
318:
The most frequently heard noise emitted by the Puerto Rican tanager is a harsh call note often described as a
282:, sometimes also considered a member of the Phaenicophilidae). The Puerto Rican tanager is known to locals as
207:
4319:
4187:
4127:
3175:
1432:
1399:
190:
167:
2818:
3732:
3130:
4386:
4174:
3195:
3063:
927:
681:
436:
3505:
3471:
3806:
3786:
3594:
3009:
2838:
39:
3759:
3103:
817:
3614:
3367:
1058:
1003:
783:
69:
54:
3903:
3553:
3222:
3029:
2849:
2586:
1828:
4267:
3083:
1479:
217:
4340:
4293:
4210:
3333:
557:
374:
241:
4345:
3383:
3184:
2701:
2667:
853:
667:) y areas de bosque nativo en el Bosque Estatal de Carite, Cayey, Puerto Rico 24(1-2): 1-10.
547:
537:
427:
411:
271:
4192:
673:
4358:
4327:
4101:
4031:
3211:
2057:
1797:
1714:
1589:
1352:
1341:
957:
253:
488:
382:
4080:
4066:
4052:
4038:
3940:
3885:
3822:
3651:
3562:
3139:
3092:
2683:
2492:
2471:
2241:
2107:
2100:
1565:
1548:
1541:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1081:
943:
909:
552:
525:
410:
Communal roosting makes the species an easy target for owls on the island, such as the
393:
4375:
4288:
4059:
3968:
3843:
3693:
3623:
3535:
3514:
3397:
2977:
2949:
2741:
2710:
2520:
2434:
2275:
2149:
2066:
2046:
2039:
1958:
1947:
1926:
1811:
1766:
1361:
1307:
1116:
888:
497:
59:
4179:
30:
4215:
4087:
4003:
3947:
3912:
3871:
3815:
3775:
3686:
3658:
3583:
3528:
3521:
3487:
3480:
3404:
3308:
3238:
3204:
2907:
2879:
2635:
2621:
2555:
2402:
2353:
2304:
2257:
2135:
2077:
2011:
1978:
1910:
1886:
1868:
1776:
1752:
1742:
1735:
1683:
1617:
1503:
1469:
1444:
1381:
1102:
964:
874:
136:
4202:
330:
of varying lengths. The breeding song of the species is light, sweet rapidly sung
4249:
4159:
4010:
3996:
3989:
3933:
3878:
3864:
3721:
3714:
3665:
3644:
3630:
3603:
3569:
3542:
3390:
3376:
3287:
3052:
3018:
2935:
2928:
2921:
2872:
2858:
2750:
2721:
2656:
2569:
2506:
2388:
2374:
2346:
2332:
2318:
2284:
2250:
2181:
2128:
2114:
2086:
2023:
1967:
1859:
1783:
1721:
1707:
1631:
1610:
1453:
1332:
1293:
1286:
1223:
1130:
1088:
1019:
992:
985:
867:
844:
806:
774:
762:
747:
705:
326:. This is often heard while feeding in flocks and may be extended into a longer
249:
245:
4353:
4024:
3954:
3926:
3795:
3748:
3707:
3700:
3494:
3460:
3425:
3411:
3315:
3294:
3280:
3231:
3163:
3072:
3045:
2998:
2942:
2828:
2761:
2676:
2642:
2576:
2527:
2485:
2464:
2450:
2325:
2311:
2264:
2221:
2156:
2121:
2093:
1848:
1790:
1697:
1603:
1534:
1527:
1517:
1321:
1272:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1203:
1154:
1145:
1123:
1067:
1047:
1033:
971:
936:
916:
902:
860:
4150:
606:
Pérez-Rivera, R. A. 1993. Notes on the
Breeding of the Puerto Rican Tanager (
266:
family, but recent studies indicate it as either belonging in its own family
3892:
3836:
3829:
3741:
3672:
3637:
3439:
3432:
3342:
3301:
3273:
3259:
3245:
3119:
2991:
2984:
2956:
2893:
2794:
2730:
2690:
2649:
2614:
2600:
2541:
2513:
2499:
2457:
2443:
2423:
2416:
2381:
2367:
2360:
2339:
2295:
2201:
2142:
2032:
1940:
1895:
1838:
1818:
1690:
1659:
1624:
1572:
1510:
1496:
1258:
1214:
950:
895:
833:
741:
542:
378:
279:
275:
237:
126:
86:
561:
4332:
4144:
4094:
4073:
4017:
3961:
3857:
3768:
3679:
3446:
3418:
3266:
2970:
2963:
2914:
2865:
2628:
2562:
2548:
2395:
2190:
1933:
1875:
1759:
1728:
1645:
1579:
1558:
1372:
1279:
1196:
1161:
1109:
1095:
1074:
1026:
881:
826:
799:
723:
362:
307:
106:
4241:
4045:
3982:
3919:
3576:
3453:
3356:
3252:
3112:
3038:
2900:
2886:
2593:
2478:
2409:
2230:
2163:
1804:
1673:
1638:
1596:
1489:
1462:
1300:
1012:
978:
792:
735:
303:
263:
385:, are also an important component of the Puerto Rican tanager's diet.
3349:
3322:
2607:
1919:
1666:
1314:
1265:
1189:
717:
368:
96:
4254:
4228:
4121:
530:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States
4223:
3975:
3850:
2534:
2170:
1652:
1388:
1040:
729:
469:
116:
4125:
3161:
2792:
2009:
1430:
760:
677:
4397:
Higher-level bird taxa restricted to the West Indies
2834:
2824:
2814:
2582:
1844:
1834:
1824:
1772:
1748:
1703:
1679:
1585:
1554:
1523:
1485:
1475:
4134:
3902:
3805:
3785:
3758:
3731:
3613:
3593:
3552:
3504:
3470:
3366:
3332:
3221:
3194:
3174:
3129:
3102:
3082:
3062:
3028:
3008:
2848:
2805:
2760:
2740:
2720:
2700:
2666:
2433:
2294:
2274:
2240:
2220:
2200:
2180:
2076:
2056:
2022:
1977:
1957:
1909:
1885:
1858:
1452:
1443:
1398:
1371:
1351:
1331:
1213:
1144:
1057:
1002:
926:
843:
816:
782:
773:
449:
151:Barker, Burns, Klicka, Lanyon, & Lovette, 2013
610:). Caribbean Journal of Science 29(3-4): 262-264.
526:"Earth history and the passerine superradiation"
689:
283:
8:
4122:
3171:
3158:
2802:
2789:
2019:
2006:
1449:
1440:
1427:
779:
770:
757:
696:
682:
674:
414:. They are also a common prey item of the
216:
48:
29:
20:
551:
541:
334:. Other interaction calls include a soft
392:
262:and has historically been placed in the
479:
274:. Its closest relatives are likely the
446:
338:similar to a heavy exhale and a light
4407:Taxa named by George Newbold Lawrence
7:
632:
630:
620:
618:
616:
602:
600:
598:
579:
577:
575:
573:
571:
524:Oliveros, C.H.; et al. (2019).
498:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
360:often feed on fruits of the genus
14:
4382:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
460:
73:
487:BirdLife International (2022).
416:Puerto Rican sharp-shinned hawk
706:finches, sparrows and tanagers
1:
4392:Endemic birds of Puerto Rico
466:Puerto Rican tanager vocals
4423:
3170:
3157:
2801:
2788:
2018:
2005:
1439:
1426:
769:
756:
712:
459:
454:
215:
196:
189:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
4359:Nesospingus-speculiferus
4166:Nesospingus speculiferus
4136:Nesospingus speculiferus
608:Nesospingus speculiferus
491:Nesospingus speculiferus
422:Distribution and habitat
270:or as being a member of
233:Nesospingus speculiferus
200:Nesospingus speculiferus
4402:Birds described in 1875
543:10.1073/pnas.1813206116
505:: e.T22722159A209284090
332:tswet-tswet-tswet-tswet
288:, which means 'cryer'.
1433:Nine-primaried oscines
1400:Nine-primaried oscines
398:
284:
396:
24:Puerto Rican tanager
435:National Forest and
228:Puerto Rican tanager
182:N. speculiferus
40:Conservation status
3176:Catamblyrhynchinae
399:
4369:
4368:
4341:Open Tree of Life
4128:Taxon identifiers
4119:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4111:
4110:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1905:
1904:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1140:
1139:
536:(16): 7916–7925.
476:
475:
375:Eleutherodactylus
224:
223:
171:
152:
63:
4414:
4362:
4361:
4349:
4348:
4336:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4310:
4309:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4258:
4257:
4245:
4244:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4218:
4206:
4205:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4123:
3733:Porphyrospizinae
3185:Catamblyrhynchus
3172:
3159:
3131:Xanthocephalinae
2836:
2826:
2816:
2803:
2790:
2702:Rhodinocichlidae
2668:Phaenicophilidae
2584:
2020:
2007:
1846:
1836:
1826:
1774:
1750:
1705:
1681:
1587:
1556:
1525:
1487:
1477:
1450:
1441:
1428:
780:
771:
758:
698:
691:
684:
675:
668:
661:
655:
652:
646:
643:
637:
634:
625:
622:
611:
604:
593:
590:
584:
581:
566:
565:
555:
545:
521:
515:
514:
512:
510:
484:
464:
463:
447:
412:Puerto Rican owl
287:
272:Phaenicophilidae
220:
202:
166:
150:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
4422:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4411:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4357:
4352:
4344:
4339:
4331:
4328:Observation.org
4326:
4318:
4313:
4305:
4300:
4292:
4287:
4279:
4274:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4248:
4240:
4235:
4227:
4222:
4214:
4209:
4201:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4173:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4130:
4120:
4107:
4102:Wetmorethraupis
4032:Poecilostreptus
3898:
3801:
3781:
3754:
3727:
3609:
3589:
3548:
3500:
3466:
3362:
3328:
3217:
3212:Parkerthraustes
3196:Charitospizinae
3190:
3166:
3145:
3125:
3098:
3078:
3064:Dolichonychinae
3058:
3024:
3004:
2844:
2797:
2776:
2756:
2736:
2716:
2696:
2662:
2429:
2290:
2270:
2236:
2216:
2196:
2176:
2072:
2058:Calyptophilidae
2052:
2014:
1993:
1973:
1953:
1901:
1881:
1854:
1798:Rhynchostruthus
1590:Dysmorodrepanis
1435:
1414:
1394:
1367:
1353:Urocynchramidae
1347:
1327:
1209:
1136:
1053:
998:
928:Lagonostictinae
922:
839:
812:
765:
752:
708:
702:
672:
671:
662:
658:
653:
649:
644:
640:
635:
628:
623:
614:
605:
596:
591:
587:
582:
569:
523:
522:
518:
508:
506:
486:
485:
481:
461:
445:
424:
408:
391:
357:
348:
316:
299:
294:
211:
204:
198:
185:
165:
149:
72:
64:
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
4420:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4350:
4337:
4324:
4311:
4298:
4285:
4272:
4259:
4246:
4233:
4220:
4207:
4197:
4184:
4171:
4156:
4140:
4138:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4067:Stephanophorus
4063:
4056:
4053:Schistochlamys
4049:
4042:
4039:Pseudosaltator
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3941:Chalcothraupis
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3908:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3889:
3886:Trichothraupis
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3823:Coryphospingus
3819:
3811:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3655:
3652:Kleinothraupis
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3599:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3563:Compsothraupis
3558:
3556:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3510:
3508:
3506:Hemithraupinae
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3484:
3476:
3474:
3472:Emberizoidinae
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3372:
3370:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3180:
3178:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3140:Xanthocephalus
3135:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3108:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3068:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3034:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2988:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2960:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2862:
2854:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2822:
2811:
2809:
2807:incertae sedis
2799:
2798:
2793:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2726:
2724:
2718:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2706:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2684:Phaenicophilus
2680:
2672:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2493:Artemisiospiza
2489:
2482:
2475:
2472:Amphispizopsis
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2261:
2254:
2246:
2244:
2242:Mitrospingidae
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2226:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2111:
2108:Chlorothraupis
2104:
2101:Caryothraustes
2097:
2090:
2082:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1864:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1832:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1621:
1614:
1607:
1600:
1593:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1566:Coccothraustes
1562:
1552:
1549:Chrysocorythus
1545:
1542:Chlorodrepanis
1538:
1531:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1456:
1447:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1385:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1345:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1183:Onychostruthus
1179:
1176:Montifringilla
1172:
1169:Hypocryptadius
1165:
1158:
1150:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
944:Euschistospiza
940:
932:
930:
924:
923:
921:
920:
913:
906:
899:
892:
885:
878:
871:
864:
857:
849:
847:
841:
840:
838:
837:
830:
822:
820:
814:
813:
811:
810:
803:
796:
788:
786:
777:
767:
766:
761:
754:
753:
751:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
720:
713:
710:
709:
703:
701:
700:
693:
686:
678:
670:
669:
665:Pinus caribaea
656:
647:
638:
626:
612:
594:
585:
567:
516:
478:
477:
474:
473:
457:
456:
452:
451:
450:External audio
444:
441:
423:
420:
407:
404:
390:
387:
381:, such as the
356:
353:
347:
344:
340:tsip-tsip-tsip
315:
312:
298:
297:Identification
295:
293:
290:
222:
221:
213:
212:
205:
194:
193:
187:
186:
179:
177:
173:
172:
158:
154:
153:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
66:
65:
47:
44:
43:
38:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4419:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4198:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4146:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4104:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4061:
4060:Sporathraupis
4057:
4055:
4054:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4034:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3992:
3991:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3969:Cnemathraupis
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3844:Heliothraupis
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3807:Tachyphoninae
3804:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3787:Sporophilinae
3784:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3694:Pseudospingus
3691:
3689:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3624:Castanozoster
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:Orchesticinae
3592:
3586:
3585:
3581:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3536:Heterospingus
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3515:Chrysothlypis
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3169:
3165:
3160:
3156:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3010:Amblycercinae
3007:
3001:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2978:Pseudoleistes
2975:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2950:Macroagelaius
2947:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2840:
2839:Pyelorhamphus
2833:
2831:
2830:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2791:
2787:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2742:Teretistridae
2739:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2711:Rhodinocichla
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2521:Chlorospingus
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2435:Passerellidae
2432:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2276:Nesospingidae
2273:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2150:Periporphyrus
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2067:Calyptophilus
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2047:Rhynchophanes
2044:
2042:
2041:
2040:Plectrophenax
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2004:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1959:Peucedramidae
1956:
1950:
1949:
1948:Tmetothylacus
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1927:Dendronanthus
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1771:
1769:
1768:
1767:Pyrrhoplectes
1764:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1362:Urocynchramus
1359:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1308:Pseudonigrita
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1117:Stagonopleura
1114:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
994:
990:
988:
987:
983:
981:
980:
976:
974:
973:
969:
967:
966:
962:
960:
959:
955:
953:
952:
948:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:
934:
933:
931:
929:
925:
919:
918:
914:
912:
911:
907:
905:
904:
900:
898:
897:
893:
891:
890:
889:Glaucestrilda
886:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
870:
869:
865:
863:
862:
858:
856:
855:
851:
850:
848:
846:
842:
836:
835:
831:
829:
828:
824:
823:
821:
819:
815:
809:
808:
804:
802:
801:
797:
795:
794:
790:
789:
787:
785:
781:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
755:
749:
746:Superfamily:
745:
743:
739:
737:
733:
731:
727:
725:
721:
719:
715:
714:
711:
707:
699:
694:
692:
687:
685:
680:
679:
676:
666:
660:
657:
651:
648:
642:
639:
633:
631:
627:
621:
619:
617:
613:
609:
603:
601:
599:
595:
589:
586:
580:
578:
576:
574:
572:
568:
563:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
535:
531:
527:
520:
517:
504:
500:
499:
494:
492:
483:
480:
472:in background
471:
467:
458:
453:
448:
442:
440:
438:
434:
429:
428:second growth
421:
419:
417:
413:
405:
403:
395:
388:
386:
384:
380:
377:
376:
371:
370:
365:
364:
354:
352:
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
296:
291:
289:
286:
281:
277:
273:
269:
268:Nesospingidae
265:
261:
260:
256:of the genus
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:) is a small
235:
234:
229:
219:
214:
209:
203:
201:
195:
192:
191:Binomial name
188:
184:
183:
178:
175:
174:
169:
164:
163:
159:
156:
155:
148:
147:Nesospingidae
145:
142:
141:
138:
135:
133:Superfamily:
132:
131:
128:
127:Passeriformes
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
76:
71:
67:
61:
56:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4135:
4100:
4093:
4088:Tephrophilus
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4037:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4004:Lophospingus
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3948:Chlorochrysa
3946:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3918:
3913:Anisognathus
3911:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3872:Rhodospingus
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3816:Conothraupis
3814:
3794:
3776:Saltatricula
3774:
3767:
3760:Saltatorinae
3747:
3740:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3687:Poospizopsis
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3659:Microspingus
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3602:
3584:Sericossypha
3582:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3541:
3534:
3529:Hemithraupis
3527:
3522:Chlorophanes
3520:
3513:
3493:
3488:Emberizoides
3486:
3481:Coryphaspiza
3479:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3405:Geospizopsis
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3321:
3314:
3309:Pinaroloxias
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3239:Camarhynchus
3237:
3230:
3210:
3205:Charitospiza
3203:
3183:
3138:
3118:
3111:
3104:Sturnellinae
3091:
3071:
3051:
3044:
3037:
3017:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2892:
2885:
2880:Amblyramphus
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2837:
2827:
2817:
2806:
2749:
2729:
2709:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2636:Spizelloides
2634:
2627:
2622:Rhynchospiza
2620:
2613:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2556:Oreothraupis
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2403:Protonotaria
2401:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2359:
2354:Limnothlypis
2352:
2345:
2338:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2305:Basileuterus
2303:
2283:
2263:
2258:Mitrospingus
2256:
2249:
2229:
2189:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:Cardinalidae
2065:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2012:Emberizoidea
1979:Emberizoidea
1966:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:Motacillidae
1894:
1887:Fringillinae
1874:
1869:Chlorophonia
1867:
1847:
1837:
1827:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1777:Rhodacanthis
1775:
1765:
1758:
1753:Psittirostra
1751:
1743:Pseudonestor
1741:
1736:Procarduelis
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1706:
1696:
1689:
1684:Melamprosops
1682:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1618:Hesperiphona
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1516:
1509:
1504:Callacanthis
1502:
1495:
1488:
1478:
1470:Agraphospiza
1468:
1461:
1445:Fringillidae
1387:
1382:Anomalospiza
1380:
1360:
1340:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1103:Oreostruthus
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1018:
1011:
991:
984:
977:
970:
965:Lagonosticta
963:
956:
949:
942:
935:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
875:Delacourella
873:
866:
859:
852:
832:
825:
818:Erythrurinae
805:
798:
791:
740:Infraorder:
664:
659:
650:
641:
607:
588:
533:
529:
519:
507:. Retrieved
502:
496:
490:
482:
425:
409:
400:
383:common coquí
373:
367:
361:
358:
349:
339:
335:
331:
328:chi-chi-chit
327:
323:
319:
317:
300:
267:
258:
257:
252:. It is the
232:
231:
227:
225:
199:
197:
181:
180:
168:P.L. Sclater
161:
160:
146:
137:Emberizoidea
18:
4387:Passeroidea
4315:Neotropical
4250:iNaturalist
4180:Nesospingus
4160:Wikispecies
4011:Neothraupis
3997:Ixothraupis
3990:Iridosornis
3934:Calochaetes
3879:Tachyphonus
3865:Ramphocelus
3722:Xenospingus
3715:Urothraupis
3666:Nephelornis
3645:Donacospiza
3631:Cnemoscopus
3615:Poospizinae
3604:Orchesticus
3570:Cyanicterus
3543:Iridophanes
3391:Conirostrum
3377:Acanthidops
3368:Diglossinae
3288:Melanospiza
3053:Psarocolius
3019:Amblycercus
2936:Hypopyrrhus
2929:Gymnomystax
2922:Gnorimopsar
2873:Agelasticus
2859:Agelaioides
2771:See below ↓
2751:Teretistris
2722:Spindalidae
2657:Zonotrichia
2570:Passerculus
2507:Calamospiza
2389:Oreothlypis
2375:Myiothlypis
2347:Leiothlypis
2333:Helmitheros
2319:Catharopeza
2285:Nesospingus
2251:Lamprospiza
2211:See below ↓
2182:Emberizidae
2129:Granatellus
2115:Cyanocompsa
2087:Amaurospiza
2024:Calcariidae
1988:See below ↓
1968:Peucedramus
1860:Euphoniinae
1784:Rhodopechys
1722:Paroreomyza
1708:Orthiospiza
1632:Leucosticte
1611:Hemignathus
1454:Carduelinae
1409:See below ↓
1333:Prunellidae
1294:Plocepasser
1287:Philetairus
1224:Amblyospiza
1131:Taeniopygia
1089:Heteromunia
1059:Poephilinae
1020:Lepidopygia
1004:Lonchurinae
993:Uraeginthus
986:Spermophaga
868:Cryptospiza
845:Estrildinae
807:Ortygospiza
784:Amandavinae
775:Estrildidae
763:Passeroidea
748:Passeroidea
292:Description
280:Spindalidae
276:spindalises
259:Nesospingus
254:only member
250:Puerto Rico
246:archipelago
162:Nesospingus
4376:Categories
4354:Xeno-canto
4025:Pipraeidea
3955:Chlorornis
3927:Buthraupis
3904:Thraupinae
3796:Sporophila
3749:Rhopospina
3708:Thlypopsis
3701:Sphenopsis
3554:Nemosiinae
3495:Embernagra
3461:Xenodacnis
3426:Melanodera
3412:Haplospiza
3316:Platyspiza
3295:Melopyrrha
3281:Loxipasser
3232:Asemospiza
3223:Coerebinae
3164:Thraupidae
3073:Dolichonyx
3046:Cassiculus
3030:Cassicinae
2999:Xanthopsar
2943:Lampropsar
2850:Agelaiinae
2829:Pandanaris
2762:Thraupidae
2677:Microligea
2643:Torreornis
2587:Pedinorhis
2577:Passerella
2528:Chondestes
2486:Arremonops
2465:Amphispiza
2451:Ammodramus
2326:Geothlypis
2312:Cardellina
2265:Orthogonys
2222:Icteriidae
2157:Pheucticus
2122:Cyanoloxia
2094:Cardinalis
1849:Xestospiza
1829:Vangulifer
1791:Rhodospiza
1698:Oreomystis
1604:Haemorhous
1528:Chloridops
1518:Carpodacus
1322:Sporopipes
1273:Histurgops
1252:Dinemellia
1245:Bubalornis
1238:Brachycope
1231:Anaplectes
1204:Pyrgilauda
1155:Carpospiza
1146:Passeridae
1124:Stizoptera
1068:Aidemosyne
1048:Spermestes
1034:Mayrimunia
972:Pyrenestes
937:Clytospiza
917:Parmoptila
903:Nesocharis
861:Coccopygia
734:Suborder:
704:Genera of
443:References
379:tree frogs
306:and white
55:Vulnerable
3893:Volatinia
3837:Eucometis
3830:Creurgops
3742:Incaspiza
3673:Piezorina
3638:Cypsnagra
3440:Phrygilus
3433:Nesospiza
3384:Catamenia
3343:Cyanerpes
3302:Phonipara
3274:Loxigilla
3260:Euneornis
3246:Certhidea
3120:Sturnella
3084:Icterinae
2992:Quiscalus
2985:Ptiloxena
2957:Molothrus
2894:Chrysomus
2819:Cremaster
2795:Icteridae
2731:Spindalis
2691:Xenoligea
2650:Xenospiza
2615:Pooecetes
2601:Pezopetes
2542:Melospiza
2514:Centronyx
2500:Atlapetes
2458:Ammospiza
2444:Aimophila
2424:Vermivora
2417:Setophaga
2382:Oporornis
2368:Myioborus
2361:Mniotilta
2340:Leucopeza
2296:Parulidae
2202:Icteridae
2143:Passerina
2033:Calcarius
1941:Motacilla
1896:Fringilla
1839:Viridonia
1819:Telespiza
1691:Mycerobas
1660:Loxioides
1625:Himatione
1573:Crithagra
1511:Carduelis
1497:Bucanetes
1480:Aidemedia
1259:Euplectes
1215:Ploceidae
951:Granatina
896:Mandingoa
854:Brunhilda
834:Erythrura
742:Passerida
716:Kingdom:
455:Bird Call
433:El Yunque
406:Predators
238:passerine
176:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
4294:22722159
4268:10198955
4193:22722159
4188:BirdLife
4145:Wikidata
4095:Thraupis
4074:Stilpnia
4018:Paroaria
3962:Cissopis
3858:Loriotus
3769:Saltator
3680:Poospiza
3447:Rowettia
3419:Idiopsar
3398:Diglossa
3334:Dacninae
3267:Geospiza
2971:Oreopsar
2964:Nesopsar
2915:Euphagus
2866:Agelaius
2629:Spizella
2563:Oriturus
2549:Melozone
2396:Parkesia
2191:Emberiza
1934:Macronyx
1876:Euphonia
1760:Pyrrhula
1729:Pinicola
1715:Palmeria
1646:Linurgus
1580:Drepanis
1559:Ciridops
1463:Acanthis
1373:Viduidae
1342:Prunella
1280:Malimbus
1197:Petronia
1162:Gymnoris
1110:Poephila
1096:Neochmia
1075:Bathilda
1027:Lonchura
958:Hypargos
882:Estrilda
827:Chloebia
800:Amandava
724:Chordata
722:Phylum:
718:Animalia
562:30936315
389:Breeding
363:Cecropia
346:Behavior
308:mandible
278:(family
208:Lawrence
143:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
4320:purtan1
4242:2488375
4229:purtan1
4203:purtan1
4151:Q918340
4081:Tangara
4046:Rauenia
3983:Dubusia
3920:Bangsia
3577:Nemosia
3454:Sicalis
3357:Tersina
3253:Coereba
3113:Leistes
3093:Icterus
3039:Cacicus
2901:Curaeus
2887:Anumara
2594:Peucaea
2479:Arremon
2410:Seiurus
2231:Icteria
2164:Piranga
1805:Serinus
1674:Magumma
1639:Linaria
1597:Eophona
1535:Chloris
1490:Akialoa
1301:Ploceus
1082:Emblema
1013:Euodice
979:Pytilia
910:Nigrita
793:Amadina
736:Passeri
728:Class:
553:6475423
509:26 July
437:Maricao
355:Feeding
304:maxilla
285:llorosa
264:tanager
244:to the
242:endemic
210:, 1875)
157:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
4346:884090
4307:200198
4281:179895
3350:Dacnis
3323:Tiaris
2608:Pipilo
1920:Anthus
1812:Spinus
1667:Loxops
1315:Quelea
1266:Foudia
1190:Passer
560:
550:
369:Clusia
170:, 1885
4333:78655
4263:IRMNG
4224:eBird
4216:6S8VY
4200:BOW:
3976:Diuca
3851:Lanio
2908:Dives
2535:Junco
2171:Spiza
2136:Habia
1653:Loxia
1389:Vidua
1041:Padda
470:coqui
468:with
324:chuck
320:chewp
314:Voice
240:bird
4302:NCBI
4289:IUCN
4276:ITIS
4255:9929
4237:GBIF
730:Aves
558:PMID
511:2022
503:2022
366:and
336:sigh
226:The
117:Aves
4211:CoL
4175:ADW
548:PMC
538:doi
534:116
322:or
248:of
4378::
4356::
4343::
4330::
4317::
4304::
4291::
4278::
4265::
4252::
4239::
4226::
4213::
4190::
4177::
4162::
4147::
629:^
615:^
597:^
570:^
556:.
546:.
532:.
528:.
501:.
495:.
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2835:†
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697:e
690:t
683:v
564:.
540::
513:.
493:"
489:"
230:(
206:(
62:)
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