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with darker brown or purple patches. The eggs have an incubation period of 18–20 days and are primarily incubated by the male. The chicks are a cinnamon downy color and they start to fly at about 14 days after hatching. Like many ground-nesting birds, the nightjar will try to divert the attention of potential predators away from the nest by conspicuously flying away and vibrating its wings. The species may be permanently territorial.
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299:, the species has a mottled, black, brown and gray colored plumage which serves as camouflage while the bird is perched on the ground. Males have a black throat with a white thin horizontal line. There are white spots on the lower part of the tail which are visible in flight. Females are of a buff rather than white coloration. Puerto Rican nightjars have large, dark black eyes, a short gray bill, and gray
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The Puerto Rican nightjar was first discovered as a single skin specimen found in the
Northern part of Puerto Rico in 1888, and rediscovered and correctly identified in 1916 when bones were discovered in a cave in northern Puerto Rico. The species was originally considered already extinct at the time
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The Puerto Rican nightjar feeds on beetles, moths and other insects that it catches in flight. It nests on the ground under closed canopies and needs an abundant leaf layer to hold the eggs. The peak months for nesting activity are April–June. The clutch is usually of 1-2 eggs, which are light brown
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The species is likely to have historically occurred in moist limestone and coastal forests in northern Puerto Rico, in addition to the current range of dry limestone, lower cordillera and dry coastal forest. The nightjar is presently mostly found in closed canopy dry forest on limestone soils with
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and feral cats, and native predators such as owls. It is possible that the large scale deforestation that occurred during the late 1800s and the beginning of the 1900s is the reason that the nightjars are no longer found on the north part of the island.
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in 2011, after the population had been assessed as small but essentially stable. Current estimates are of 1,400-2000 mature birds, which roughly corresponds to 1984 numbers. The species is legally protected throughout its range.
693:
Vilella, Francisco J.; Zwank, Philip J. (1993-01-01). "Geographic
Distribution and Abundance of the Puerto Rican Nightjar (Distribución Geográfica y Abundancia del Guabairo Pequeño de Puerto Rico (Caprimulgus noctitherus)".
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Mitigating habitat impact on private lands and controlling public access to the forest reserves during their peak nesting season has been suggested as a conservation management technique for this species.
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abundant leaf litter and an open understorey. Lower densities are present in open scrubby forests. Populations have so far been confirmed in three locations in the southwest of the island:
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Estimates of the breeding population of Puerto Rican nightjars in 1962 were of less than 100 pairs. In 1968, the species was added to the endangered species list of the
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726:
Delannoy, Carlos A. (2005). "First nesting records of the Puerto Rican
Nightjar and Antillean Nighthawk in a montane forest of western Puerto Rico".
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of its discovery. Confirmation of living specimens only occurred in 1961 in the Guánica Dry Forest. Detailed studies of the species started in 1969.
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until observed in the wild in 1961. The current population is estimated as 1,400-2,000 mature birds. The species is currently classified as
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770:"Nest habitat use of the Puerto Rican Nightjar Caprimulgus noctitherus in Guánica Biosphere Reserve"
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811:"Reproductive ecology and behaviour of the Puerto Rican Nightjar Caprimulgus noctitherus"
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594:"Distribution - Puerto Rican Nightjar (Antrostomus noctitherus) - Neotropical Birds"
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Puerto Rican nightjars are considered to be under pressure from habitat loss due to
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and
Guayanilla Hills. The first nesting record of the Puerto Rican nightjar in
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Population estimation and landscape ecology of the Puerto Rican
Nightjar
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665:(Thesis). United States -- Mississippi: Mississippi State University.
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Puerto Rican nightjars, whose song is composed of rapid "
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576:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T22689809A40430002.en
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661:Gonzalez, Rafael Gonzalez (2010-01-01).
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360:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
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809:Vilella, Francisco J. (1995-09-01).
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506:List of endemic fauna of Puerto Rico
275:due to pressures from habitat loss.
562:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
263:in localized areas of southwestern
638:Puerto Rico's Birds in Photographs
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374:in 1994, but downlisted again to
1098:IUCN Red List endangered species
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1123:Taxa named by Alexander Wetmore
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598:neotropical.birds.cornell.edu
1108:Endemic birds of Puerto Rico
728:Journal of Field Ornithology
696:Journal of Field Ornithology
501:List of birds of Puerto Rico
243:Puerto Rican whip-poor-will
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854:BirdLife Species Factsheet
740:10.1648/0273-8570-76.3.271
511:List of Puerto Rican birds
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787:10.1017/S0959270908007594
261:coastal dry scrub forests
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70:Scientific classification
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636:Oberle, Mark W. (2010).
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316:Distribution and habitat
1113:Birds described in 1919
1075:Antrostomus-noctitherus
908:Antrostomus noctitherus
878:Antrostomus noctitherus
555:Antrostomus noctitherus
252:Antrostomus noctitherus
226:Caprimulgus noctitherus
192:Antrostomus noctitherus
1118:ESA endangered species
388:agricultural expansion
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333:was reported in 2005.
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24:Puerto Rican nightjar
1057:Paleobiology Database
516:List of Vieques birds
392:small Indian mongoose
372:Critically Endangered
370:. It was uplisted to
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239:Puerto Rican nightjar
496:Fauna of Puerto Rico
331:Maricao State Forest
259:family found in the
346:Conservation status
297:Antillean nighthawk
255:) is a bird in the
174:A. noctitherus
40:Conservation status
521:El Toro Wilderness
460:Puerto Rico portal
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327:Guánica Dry Forest
323:SusĂşa State Forest
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287:Male taking flight
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1031:Neotropical
992:iNaturalist
902:Wikispecies
279:Description
265:Puerto Rico
161:Antrostomus
1092:Categories
1070:Xeno-canto
603:2016-03-01
527:References
440:In habitat
376:Endangered
368:Threatened
273:Endangered
55:Endangered
837:1474-0001
796:1474-0001
671:250282747
168:Species:
130:Strisores
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1023:22689809
935:22689809
930:BirdLife
887:Wikidata
748:86200945
667:ProQuest
446:See also
362:and the
354:Juvenile
257:nightjar
247:guabairo
218:Synonyms
146:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1036:purnig1
1010:1077360
984:6101181
971:purnig1
945:purnig1
917:Avibase
893:Q257871
708:4513803
403:Gallery
337:Ecology
307:History
269:extinct
202:, 1919)
200:Wetmore
156:Genus:
136:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
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997:201070
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1049:72332
966:eBird
942:BOW:
744:S2CID
704:JSTOR
301:tarsi
124:Clade
1018:IUCN
1005:ITIS
979:GBIF
958:F4N4
833:ISSN
792:ISSN
642:ISBN
567:2012
386:and
293:whip
237:The
117:Aves
953:CoL
823:doi
782:doi
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571:doi
245:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
