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newspapers and magazines that would advocate social and political doctrines were published in
Spanish in New York City: Cultura Proletria an anarchist read; more general-topics El Heraldo; La Prensa, was a daily that began to be published in 1913. Mainly at this time the readers were women, that would read but women during this time were not just reading at factories but also rolling the cigars themselves. By the 1920s the economic depression hit industry hard. Many cigar workers/ tabaqueros were going on strike due to pay. Tabaqueros traditionally were known in the community for being the highest paid workers in the Puerto Rican Community. However now with the crisis, factories began to move and seek workers like women to take over the tabaquero skill for cheap labor. By 1920 there were 8,766 women working in these factories. Women that worked in tobacco factories mainly did leaf stripping and were considered to be equal in the structural exploitation of labor. For the unions of the tabaqueros the difference in sex/gender of the worker did not matter in the fight against exploitation.
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orientation, and were influenced by the Jewish
Workmen Circle, that were mutual aid societies of the working-class socialists. These mutual aid groups, tobacco worker's associations were no mimic to those of already established by other ethnic working class, mainly they were recreated organizations that were known to the workers back on the island. The life of a tabaquero was very simple during these times, but were a very progressive working community that understood how cultural form/discrimination could reflect political will towards the community. The Tabaqueros held a sense of pride in their work as well as their eloquent knowledge of politics and culture, which they would learn during working hours and events of associations like Circulo de Tabaqueros. Hand rolling cigars gave pride to the workers as they found this job to be more on the artistic side rather than domestic. They thought of themselves more like an "artist rather than a worker."
1167:, the bulk of whom went to New York, in search of a better way of life. In New York, they faced the same hardships and discrimination that earlier groups of immigrants, such as the Irish, the Italians, and the Jews, had faced before them. It was difficult for them to find well paying jobs because of the language barrier and their lack of technical working skills. The few men who found jobs worked for low salaries in factories. The women usually stayed home as housewives and tended to their children. Those who did not find jobs had the option of joining the United States Military. Prior to the JonesâShafroth Act, Puerto Ricans in the mainland United States as all other non-citizens, who were permanent residents were required to register with the Selective Service System by law and could be drafted, however one of the effects of the Act was that all Puerto Ricans were now eligible for the military "draft" (
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1218:, many Puerto Ricans in the mainland found themselves competing with other groups for the positions of unskilled labor such as dishwashers, maintenance and laundry workers. This led to the "Harlem Riots" of July 1926. between unemployed Jews and Puerto Ricans. Various Puerto Rican organizations in East Harlem, organized a media campaign to ease the tensions between the groups involved and called upon the mayor, governor of the state to restore order and provide protection to the area.
2320:
1233:. A witness of the discrimination which Puerto Ricans were subject to, he created the "Unemployment Insurance Bill" which paved the way for the passage of bills which established minimum hours and wages for working people, the creation of a Wage Board within the Labor Department, and the right of employees to organize and negotiate grievances. In 1956, he also became the first Puerto Rican to be nominated as the Republican candidate for Justice of the City Court.
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1918:. Also, unlike the initial pattern of migration several decades ago, this second Puerto Rican migration into New York and surrounding states is being driven by movement not only into New York City proper, but also into the city's surrounding suburban areas, such that the New York City Metropolitan Area gained the highest number of additional Puerto Rican Americans of any metropolitan area between 2010 and 2016, to 1,494,670 in 2016.
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employed in factories and ship docks, producing both domestic and warfare goods. The new migrants gained the knowledge and working skills which in the future would serve them well. The military also provided a steady source of income, in 1944, the Puerto Rican WAC unit, Company 6, 2nd
Battalion, 21st Regiment of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps, a segregated Hispanic unit, was assigned to the
30:
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which he perceived the image of the Cuban flag with the colors in the flag's triangle and stripes inverted. Almost immediately he visited a nearby merchant, Domingo Peraza, from whom he bought some crepe paper to build a crude prototype. He later displayed his prototype in a dinner meeting at his neighbor's house, where the owner, Micaela Dalmau vda. de
Carreras, had invited
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1211:, in Manhattan. As evidenced by an early 1924 poster, migrants in New York organized baseball teams which played against each other. The poster announces a game which was held at Howard Field in Brooklyn between two teams, the San Juan B.B.C. and the Porto Rican Stars, made of Puerto Ricans from the East Side section of Manhattan.
1885:, Mexico and South America moved into the Barrios which were once mainly occupied by the Puerto Ricans. The 1970s saw what became known as reverse-migration. Many Puerto Ricans returned to the island to buy homes and to invest in local businesses. Puerto Ricans have made many important contributions to the cultural and political
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stateside. The
Department of Puerto Rican Affairs in the United States was established in 1989 as a cabinet-level department in Puerto Rico. Currently, the Commonwealth operates the Puerto Rico Federal Affairs Administration, which is headquartered in Washington, D.C. and has 12 regional offices throughout the United States.
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The
Supreme Court ruled that under the immigration laws GonzĂĄlez was not an alien, and therefore could not be denied entry into New York. It also stated that Puerto Ricans were not U.S. citizens, they were "noncitizen nationals". Gonzalez, who became an activist on behalf of all Puerto Ricans, paved the way for the
1556:. The attracted industry did not provide sufficient job opportunities. With increased population growth and displacement from traditional labor pursuits, the growing population could not be accommodated. Much of the surplus labor migrated to the United States. In 1948, Puerto Ricans elected their first governor
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economy rebounding after deindustrialization, which ultimately resulted in a faster growing city population and dwindling Puerto Rican influence. However, since the early 2010s, New York's Puerto Rican population started to grow again, being in the midst of another major migration wave out of Puerto Rico.
1560:, who together with his government initiated a series of social and economic reforms with the introduction of new programs in the island. Some of these programs met some resistance from the American government and therefore, the local government had some trouble implementing the same. New York Mayor
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and went to college. Puerto Rican women confronted economic exploitation, discrimination, racism, and the insecurities inherent in the migration process on a daily basis, however they fared better than did men in the job market. The women left their homes for the factories in record numbers. By 1953,
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Some sources document
Francisco Gonzalo MarĂn with presenting a Puerto Rican flag prototype in 1895 for adoption by the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee in New York City. MarĂn has since been credited by some with the flag's design. There is a letter written by Juan de Mata Terreforte which gives
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As of 1990, New
Yorkers of Puerto Rican descent (Nuyoricans), numbered 143,974. Nearly 41,800 state residents (Nuyoricans) in 1990 had lived in Puerto Rico in 1985. According to the Census taken in the year 2000, Puerto Rican migrants made up 1.2% of the total population of the United States, with a
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New York State overall has also resumed its net in-migration of Puerto Rican
Americans since 2006, a dramatic reversal from being the only state to register a decrease in its Puerto Rican population between 1990 and 2000. The Puerto Rican population of New York State, still the largest in the United
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to lead the eastern section of the district, known as the 14th
Assembly District. He was chosen by the group, which was also known as the Democratic County Committee, because in those days there was no direct election of district leaders. Plus, the influx of Puerto Ricans moving to the 14th Assembly
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Tabaqueros are tobacco workers. The tobacco industry was extremely popular but increased in popularity and manufacturing during the first decade of the United States domination of exportation. By 1901, Puerto Rico shifted from importing to exporting, and cigar making began to increase. By the 1920s,
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and denied entry. She was accused of being an alien and as an unwed parent she was deemed as a burden to the welfare system of the country. Gonzalez challenged the Government of the United States in the groundbreaking case "GONZALES v. WILLIAMS' (her surname was misspelled by immigration officials).
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In New York City and other northeast cities such as Philadelphia and Boston, Puerto Ricans were the first Hispanic group to come in large numbers as early as the 1940s, being seen as the "Pioneer" group among the Hispanic community in these cities. From 1970 until about 1990, the city's Puerto Rican
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The South Bronx became a hub for Puerto Rican music. Theaters which had served to previous groups of immigrants, such as the Irish and the Italians, for their dramatic works or vaudeville style shows, now served the growing Puerto Rican and Latino population with musical performances from musicians
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The advent of air travel provided Puerto Ricans with an affordable and faster way of travel to New York. The one thing that most migrants had in common was that they wanted a better way of life than was available in Puerto Rico, and although each held personal reasons for migrating, their decision
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According to the 2010 census, Puerto Ricans represent 8.9 percent of New York City alone (32% of the city's Hispanic community), and 5.5% of New York State as a whole. Of over a million Puerto Ricans in the state, about 70% are present in the city, with the remaining portion scattered in the city's
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struck Puerto Rico in September 2017, devastating the infrastructure of the island, New York State was expected to be the likeliest destination for Puerto Rican migrants to the U.S. mainland when premised upon family ties, with New Jersey being the third likeliest destination. The 5.6 million
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However, since 2006, there has been a resurgence in migration from Puerto Rico to New York City and New Jersey, with an apparently multifactorial allure to Puerto Ricans, primarily for economic and cultural considerations. The Census estimate for the New York City, the city proper with the largest
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Cigar makers would sit in front of tables for hours and hand roll each cigar. Since this was a very tedious process, workers would pay 15â20 cents each week for someone to read them the newspaper or books while they worked. This was more of a custom in the Puerto Rican cigar making factories. Many
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It is also believed that on June 12, 1892, Antonio VĂ©lez Alvarado was at his apartment at 219 Twenty-Third Street in Manhattan, when he stared at a Cuban flag for a few minutes, and then took a look at the blank wall in which it was being displayed. VĂ©lez suddenly perceived an optical illusion, in
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lived in New York City. It wasn't until the 1990s that the percentage of Puerto Ricans that made up the city's Hispanic community and the population as a whole started to decrease, largely due to a declining Puerto Rican population, increasingly diversifying Hispanic community, and New York City's
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is now one of the largest national Latino nonprofit organizations in the United States. Other educational and social organizations founded by Puerto Ricans in New York and elsewhere are the National Puerto Rican Coalition in Washington, DC, the National Puerto Rican Forum, the Puerto Rican Family
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In 1948, the Migration Division of the Department of Labor of Puerto Rico opened its office in New York City. Its mission was to mediate between the island and the New York/Puerto Rican community, assuage the adjustment experience of new arrivals, and generally inform them about jobs, housing and
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However, New York has been the single biggest state magnet for migrants: According to a Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data, among Puerto Ricans between 2006â2012, 31% of moves from the island to the mainland and 20% of moves from one state to another state were to the Empire
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In July 1930, Puerto Rico's Department of Labor established an employment service in New York City. The Migration Division (known as the "Commonwealth Office"), also part of Puerto Rico's Department of Labor, was created in 1948, and by the end of the 1950s, was operating in 115 cities and towns
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The outbreak of World War II opened the doors to many of the migrants who were searching for jobs. Since a large portion of the male population of the U.S. was sent to war, there was a sudden need of manpower to fulfill the jobs left behind. Puerto Ricans, both male and female, found themselves
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was to be directed by Betances, organized by Aurelio Mendez Mercado and the armed forces were to be commanded by General Juan RĂus Rivera from Cuba. The political immigration to New York practically came to a halt in 1898 after the SpanishâAmerican War when Puerto Rico became a possession of the
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In 1917, the United States entered World War I and that same year the United States Congress approved the JonesâShafroth Act which gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship. Puerto Ricans no longer needed a passport to travel to the U.S. and were allowed to seek public office in the mainland U.S. The
3489:"LAS WACS"-Participacion de la Mujer Boricua en la Seginda Guerra Mundial; by: Carmen Garcia Rosado; page 60; 1ra. Edicion publicada en Octubre de 2006; 2da Edicion revisada 2007; Regitro tro Propiedad Intectual ELA (Government of Puerto Rico) #06-13P-)1A-399; Library of Congress TXY 1-312-685.
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have some of the highest concentrations of Puerto Ricans in the New York metropolitan area. The Bronx currently has more Puerto Ricans than any US county. In 2010, there were 298,921 Puerto Ricans in the Bronx, representing 21.6% of the borough and 41% of the New York City's Puerto Ricans, and
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of New York and the society of the United States in general. They have contributed in the fields of entertainment, the arts, music, industry, science, politics, and military. Other Puerto Ricans have moved from New York to settle in smaller cities throughout the northeastern United States. For
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was held on Sunday, April 13, 1958, in the "Barrio" in Manhattan. Its first President was Victor LĂłpez and it was coordinated by JosĂ© Caballero. The grand marshals were Oscar GonzĂĄlez Suarez and Tony MĂ©ndez Esq. Prominent personalities from Puerto Rico headed by then Governor Luis Muñoz MarĂn,
1374:). It was in East Harlem where the Puerto Rican migrants established a cultural life of great vitality and sociality. They also participated in some of the sports, such as boxing and baseball which were first introduced in the island by the American Armed Forces after the SpanishâAmerican War.
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the lifestyle of the working Puerto Rican community in New York City more importantly the tabaquero culture. Tabaqueros were very politically and socially involved in their communities, and were successfully organized collectively as a group. Politically tabaqueros were suspected of socialist
1051:"La adopciĂłn de la bandera cubana con los colores invertidos me fue sugerida por el insigne patriota Francisco Gonzalo MarĂn en una carta que me escribiĂł desde Jamaica. Yo hice la proposiciĂłn a los patriotas puertorriqueños que asistieron al mitin de Chimney Hall y fue aprobada unĂĄnimemente."
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The Great Depression which spread throughout the world was also felt in Puerto Rico. Since the island's economy was and still is dependent to that of the United States, it was to be expected that when the American banks and industries began to fail the effect would be felt in the island.
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have both immigrated and migrated to New York City. The first group of Puerto Ricans immigrated to New York City in the mid-19th century when Puerto Rico was a Spanish colony and its people Spanish subjects. The following wave of Puerto Ricans to move to New York City did so after the
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Institute, Boricua College, the Center for Puerto Rican Studies of the City University of New York at Hunter College, the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund, the National Conference of Puerto Rican Women, and the New York League of Puerto Rican Women, Inc., among others.
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in New York's "Chimney Corner Hotel", it may never be known who designed the current flag. What is known, however, is that on December 22, 1895, the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee officially adopted a design which is today the official flag of Puerto Rico.
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in the Bronx, was named after a Puerto Rican Eugenio Maria de Hostos, and was founded as an all-Puerto Rican college. The college now accepts students of all races, however it largely caters to Hispanics with up to 80% of its students being of Hispanic descent.
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States, is estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau to have increased from 1,070,558 in 2010 to 1,103,067 in 2013. New York State gained more Puerto Rican migrants from Puerto Rico as well as from elsewhere on the mainland between 2006 and 2012 than any other state
951:
population, individuals in the region of Puerto Rican descent, from 1,177,430 in 2010 to a Census-estimated 1,494,670 in 2016, maintaining New York's status by a significant margin as the most important cultural and demographic center for Puerto Ricans outside
988:, an expensive and long trip. Amongst the first Puerto Ricans to immigrate to New York City were men and women who were exiled by the Spanish Crown for their political beliefs and struggles for the cause of Puerto Rican independence. By 1850, Puerto Rico and
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District, in which East Harlem is located, replaced the members of the Italian Community who preceded them and eventually moved out. MĂ©ndez became the first native-born Puerto Rican to become a district leader of a major political party in New York City.
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was a young single mother who was expecting her second child. Her fiancé, who was in New York, sent for her with the intention of getting married. When Gonzalez arrived in New York, she and all the Puerto Ricans who were with her, were detained in
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with certain limitations. Puerto Ricans living in the mainland United States however, were given full American citizenship and were allowed to seek political office in the states in which they resided. Two months later, when Congress passed the
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In a letter written by Maria Manuela (Mima) Besosa, the daughter of the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee member Manuel Besosa, she stated that she sewed the flag. This message created a belief that her father could have been its designer.
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Puerto Ricans in New York have preserved their cultural heritage by being involved actively in the different political and social rights movements in the United States. They founded "Aspira", a leader in the field of education, in 1961. The
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New Yorkers have always had a deep connection with our brothers and sisters in Puerto Rico and this memorial will show that this country loves and respects our fellow Americans in Puerto Rico and we will never allow what happened to happen
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was one of the many Puerto Ricans who settled in East Harlem. He became the first Puerto Rican boxer to gain acclaim when in 1917 he fought against "Panama Joe Gans" at Harlem's Palace Casino which was located at 28 East 135th St., between
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In New York and many other cities, Puerto Ricans usually live in close proximity with Dominicans and African Americans. High concentrations of Puerto Ricans are also present in numerous public housing developments throughout the city.
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attended the initial parade. The parade was organized as a show of Puerto Rican pride and is a tradition which not only continues today in the city of New York but, that has also extended to other cities such as Chicago, Illinois and
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The third great wave of domestic migration from Puerto Rico came after World War II. Nearly 40,000 Puerto Ricans settled in New York City in 1946, and 58,500 in 1952â53. Many soldiers who returned after World War II made use of the
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the Puerto Rican tobacco-processing industry exports grew thirty times from when it began in 1901. This provided thousands of migrants with job opportunities to move to the United States in search of better economic opportunities.
1910:
Puerto Rican population by a significant margin, has increased from 723,621 in 2010, to 730,848 in 2012; while New York State's Puerto Rican population was estimated to have increased from 1,070,558 in 2010, to 1,103,067 in 2013.
1935:
has also received a robust influx of Puerto Rican migration in the 21st century, given its proximity to both New York City's and Philadelphia's Puerto Rican establishments. Within the metropolitan area surrounding New York City,
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and an attack on the House of Representatives. These events had a negative impact on the Puerto Rican migrants. Americans viewed Puerto Ricans as anti-Americans and the discrimination against them became even more widespread.
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population of well over 3 million Puerto Ricans (including those of Puerto Rican descent). If taken into account together with the almost 4 million Puerto Ricans who are U.S. citizens (nevertheless, excluded by the
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New York City's total Puerto Rican population was 595,535 and they represented 6.7% of the population. The Puerto Rican population and the percentage Puerto Ricans make up of each borough, as of the 2020 census, is:
1016:, considered by many as the "Father of Black History". He became a member of the "Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico" and was an outspoken promoter of not only the independence of Puerto Rico, but of Cuba also.
1624:. By 1960, the United States census showed that there were well over 600,000 New Yorkers of Puerto Rican birth or parentage. Estimates were that more than one million Puerto Ricans had migrated during that period.
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began a campaign to recruit Puerto Rican laborers in the island to work in the city's factories. Mayor Wagner figured that the city would benefit greatly by the luring of what was considered to be "cheap labor".
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in France and became known as the "Harlem Hellfighters". HernĂĄndez, his brother Jesus and 16 other Puerto Ricans were assigned to the United States Army's Harlem Hellfighters musical band, the Orchestra Europe.
2228:" from the 1880s until the 1940s. By 1940, however, the name "Spanish Harlem" was becoming widespread, and by 1950, the area was predominately Puerto Rican and African American. Loisaida is an enclave east of
2461:. Subsequently, on the one-year anniversary of the storm, in September 2018, Governor Cuomo announced plans for the official New York State memorial to honor the victims of Hurricane Maria, to be built in
2278:, which has the highest percentage of Puerto Ricans of any borough. In some places in the South Bronx, Spanish is the primary language. Throughout the 1970s, the South Bronx became known as the epitome of
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By 1964, the Puerto Rican community made up 9.3 percent of the total New York City's population. The Puerto Rican migrants who gained economic success began to move away from the "Barrios" and settled in
2199:. In Williamsburg; Graham Avenue is nicknamed "Avenue of Puerto Rico" because of the high density and strong ethnic enclave of Puerto Ricans who have been living in the neighborhood since the 1950s. The
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984:. Most of the Puerto Ricans who moved there came from well-to-do families or were people whose economic situation could permit them the luxury of traveling from the island to New York City by way of
1654:. The phenomenon of the "Nuyoricans" came about when many Puerto Ricans who migrated to New York City faced difficult situations and hardships, such as racial discrimination. Leading voices include
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and the Spanish colony of Puerto Rico. Ship records show that many Puerto Ricans traveled on ships that sailed from and to the U.S. and Puerto Rico. Many of them settled in places such as New York,
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in the 1980s, of which Puerto Rican singer-songwriters represented an integral component. Puerto Rican influence in popular music continues in the 21st century, encompassing major artists such as
2735:
2282:, but has since made a recovery. Although, Puerto Rican presence is widespread throughout the Bronx, the south central portions of the borough have the highest concentrations. Neighborhoods like
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and other Nuyoricans fused mambo and Cuban dance rhythms with African American rhythm and blues to create the popular New York boogaloo sound in the 1960s. In the 1980s, Nuyorican Break dancers
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founded an intellectual movement involving poets, writers, musicians and artists who are Puerto Rican or of Puerto Rican descent and who live in or near New York City which became known as the
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suburbs and other major cities throughout New York State. Although Florida has received some dispersal of the population, there has been a resurgence in Puerto Rican migration to New York and
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3741:"Recapturing History: The Puerto Rican Roots of Hip Hop Culture" in Island Sounds in the Global City: Caribbean Popular Music and Identity in New York - Edited by Ray Allen and Lois Wilcken
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980:, joined the ranks of the armed forces, however since Puerto Ricans were Spanish subjects they were inscribed as Spaniards. The earliest Puerto Rican enclave in New York City was in
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Whalen, Carmen Teresa (2008). "Colonialism, Citizenship, and the Making of the Puerto Rican Diaspora: An Introduction". In Whalen, Carmen Teresa; VĂĄzquez-HernĂĄndez, VĂctor (eds.).
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in New Jersey are important homes for Puerto Rican Americans. Jose "Joey" Torres was elected mayor of Paterson in 2014, where he had served two prior terms as mayor as well; while
914:, conscription was extended to the Puerto Ricans both on the island and on the mainland. It was expected that Puerto Rican men 18 years and older serve in the U.S. military during
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population was at its height. They represented up to 80% of the city's Hispanic community and 12% of the city's total population. At that time, nearly 70% of Puerto Ricans in the
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918:. The JonesâShafroth Act also allowed Puerto Ricans to travel between Puerto Rico and the U.S. mainland without the need of a passport, thereby becoming migrants. The advent of
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Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For Large Cities And Other Urban Places In The United States
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has several neighborhoods with a Puerto Rican presence, and many of the ethnic Puerto Rican neighborhoods in Brooklyn formed before the Puerto Rican neighborhoods in the
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statistics of U.S. population), Puerto Ricans make up about 2.5% of the total population of U.S. citizens around the world (within and outside the U.S. mainland).
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economic situation in the island was bad and continued to worsen as a result of the many hurricanes which destroyed most of its crops. Many Puerto Rican families
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established the "Nuyorican Poets Café" on Manhattan's Lower East Side (236 E 3rd Street, between Avenues B and C) which is now considered a New York landmark.
1494:. The Afro Puerto Rican styles of bomba and plena enjoyed a renaissance in New York in the 1980s and 1990s through the efforts of the drum and dance ensemble
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3009:"Latin America's Wars Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791â1899"; by Robert L. Scheina; Pg. 359; Publisher: Potomac Books Inc.; 1 edition (January 2003);
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United States. It is estimated that 1,800 Puerto Rican citizens (they were not American citizens until 1917) had immigrated to New York during this period.
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was one of the principal factors that led to the largest wave of migration of Puerto Ricans to New York City in the 1950s, known as "The Great Migration."
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1342:" (Puerto Rican shaved ice venders) in every corner. It is estimated that from 1946 to 1950 there were 31,000 Puerto Rican migrants each year to New York.
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2019 was the first time in 15 years when New York was not in the top ten destinations for people leaving Puerto Rico. In 2019, New York was ranked 11th.
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Bernardo Vega, Memoirs of Bernardo Vega: A contribution to the history of the Puerto Rican community in New York, (Monthly Review Press, New York, 1984)
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2935:"The Puerto Rican Diaspora: historical perspectives"; By Carmen Teresa Whalen, VĂctor VĂĄzquez-Hernandez; page 176; Publisher: Temple University Press;
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established an office in New York in the 1950s and attracted many migrants. Leaders of the party conceived a plan that would involve an attack on the
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1552:("OperaciĂłn Manos a la Obra") is the name given to the ambitious projects which industrialized Puerto Rico in the mid-20th century engineered by
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disaster in 1904. Since then, the community has become Puerto Rican and Latino in character, despite the "gentrification" that has affected the
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Puerto Ricans living stateside in 2017, were largely concentrated in Florida, NY and NJ; 20% in Florida, 20% in New York, and 8% in New Jersey.
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at E. 138th St. and Hunts Point Palace in Southern Blvd. During the Teatro Puerto Rico's "golden era", which lasted from 1947 to 1956, musician
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who later joined Hernandez's "Cuarteto Victoria" also gained fame as a singer after the group traveled and played throughout the United States.
1116:, Juan de Mata Terreforte and Aurelio MĂ©ndez Martinez and together they proceeded to plan a major coup. The uprising, which became known as the
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5012:"Puerto Rican New Yorkers in 1990, analysis of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the city's Puerto Ricans and changes over time"
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The adaptation of the Cuban flag with the colors inverted was suggested by the patriot Francisco Gonzalo MarĂn in a letter which he wrote from
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and resident of East Harlem, became the first Puerto Rican to be elected to public office in the continental United States as a member of the
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and to enter professional occupations in greater numbers, they are also purchasing homes in New Jersey's more affluent suburban towns. After
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996:. The Spanish Crown would either imprison or banish any person who promoted the independence of these two nations. Two of these exiles were
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Cultural ties between New York and Puerto Rico are strong. In September 2017, following the immense destruction wrought upon Puerto Rico by
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working class residents who lived in tenements without running water; the German presence, already in decline, virtually ended after the
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Puerto Ricans played an important role in the New Yorkâs Latin dance and jazz scenes between the World Wars, with singer and band leader
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Katzman, Martin T. (1968). "Discrimination, Subculture, and the Economic Performance of Negroes, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican-Americans".
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3040:[The life, passion, and death of Francisco Gonzalo MarĂn ] (in Spanish). verbiclara.nireblog.com. July 2, 2008. Archived from
1632:
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59:
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which is still a part of the NYC metropolitan area), Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and Florida, among others. New immigrants from the
311:
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1502:
from Puerto Rico and Latin America. Plus, the local Bronx's burgeoning Latino musicians. Among these theaters were the historical
5492:
5482:
5430:
3569:
3398:
3334:
Quintero-Rivera, A. G. "Socialist and Cigarmaker: Artisans' Proletarianization in the Making of the Puerto Rican Working Class."
1164:
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170:
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3609:
2914:
2264:
1577:
793:
229:
4388:"Geographies â Paterson, New Jersey, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
3917:
1065:. I made the proposition to various Puerto Rican patriots during a meeting at Chimney Hall and it was approved unanimously.
977:
4095:
5930:
5794:
5572:
5538:
5518:
5487:
5467:
5413:
5401:
4414:"Geographies â Newark, New Jersey, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
4006:
2765:
1397:
911:
606:
504:
496:
283:
234:
135:
113:
70:
4477:
1592:
Many Puerto Ricans were able to overcome these obstacles and became respected members of their communities. Many such as
1377:
Puerto Ricans who moved to New York not only took with them their customs and traditions, they also took with them their
6018:
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5672:
2462:
1866:
1428:
1311:
915:
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491:
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generally was rooted in the island's impoverished conditions as well as the public policies that sanctioned migration.
1176:
6081:
5935:
5835:
5550:
5528:
5418:
4998:
4440:
4439:
Cristina Loboguerrero, Via El Diario/La Prensa, translated by Carlos RodrĂguez-Martorell from Spanish (May 12, 2014).
2910:
2855:
1405:
1306:
Unemployment was on the rise as a consequence and therefore, many families fled to the mainland US in search of jobs.
856:
751:
401:
195:
125:
5141:
4247:"Geographies â New York City, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2175:
has the highest concentration of Puerto Ricans in Brooklyn. Other neighborhoods with significant populations include
4809:
3376:
3146:
5840:
5099:"Cuomo says Puerto Rico faces 'long road' to recovery after assessing Maria's damage to island with relief workers"
4021:"Geographies: New York City ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES: 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2588:â paved the way for the JonesâShafroth Act which conferred United States citizenship on all citizens of Puerto Rico
2209:, Queens, also has a significant Puerto Rican population, as does the neighboring community of Bushwick, Brooklyn.
1113:
1039:
997:
180:
64:
4362:"Geographies â New Jersey, ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates, 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2387:
1286:
6053:
5734:
5533:
5497:
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1850:
1837:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1785:
1772:
1759:
1746:
1733:
1720:
1707:
1031:
421:
212:
185:
175:
155:
5769:
5719:
5580:
5455:
5425:
5312:
5062:"Standards, Exit Exams, and the Politicization of Bilingual Education: The Writing Exit Exam at Hostos College"
4141:
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2670:
2579:
2466:
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in New York. They were the planners of the short and failed 1868 revolt against Spain in Puerto Rico known as
891:
887:
784:
707:
586:
471:
406:
202:
145:
86:
17:
4273:"Geographies: State â ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
3977:
2465:, Manhattan, citing the deep cultural connections shared between New Yorkers and Puerto Rican Americans. The
6039:
5909:
5845:
5764:
5759:
5739:
5687:
5652:
5642:
5298:
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2637:â The first native-born Puerto Rican to become a district leader of a major political party in New York City
2268:
2253:
2200:
2180:
1925:
1895:
1870:
1417:
1230:
1105:
732:
722:
581:
466:
446:
431:
376:
346:
150:
3238:
1156:
902:
799:
5860:
5799:
5625:
5610:
3354:
2878:
2676:
2652:
2443:
2411:
2188:
2176:
1965:
1949:
1327:
1258:
927:
898:
849:
678:
391:
321:
1557:
6011:
5789:
5605:
3091:
2725:
2622:
2618:
2196:
2184:
1891:
1596:, established organizations such as "ASPIRA", that helped their fellow countrymen to reach their goals.
1561:
1495:
1318:. They were assigned to work in military offices which planned the shipment of troops around the world.
1257:
During this time of industrial prosperity the Puerto Rican community grew in cities like New York City.
953:
737:
692:
654:
486:
426:
411:
316:
190:
76:
1112:
owner from Yauco, visited the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee in New York City. There he met with
2271:, Graniteville, Port Richmond, and Stapleton neighborhoods, where the population is in the 20% range.
5886:
5881:
5804:
5749:
5702:
5677:
5647:
5635:
5630:
2755:
2717:
2646:
2524:
2447:
2229:
1961:
1937:
1659:
1042:. These four Puerto Ricans joined the Cuban Liberation Army whose headquarters was in New York City.
1025:
883:
818:
775:
727:
717:
702:
697:
550:
386:
341:
260:
101:
3873:
5997:
5830:
5595:
4835:
3922:
2907:"Selected Population Profile in the United States, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates"
2512:
2287:
1932:
1549:
1479:
1035:
1001:
878:
712:
336:
331:
3094:(Author); Pages: 305â06; Publisher: Sociedad Estatal Quinto Centenario (1992); Language: Spanish;
2319:
2263:
Staten Island has a fairly large Puerto Rican population along the North Shore, especially in the
1568:
Discrimination was rampant in the United States and it was no different in New York. As stated by
1474:
Following the in migration of large numbers of Puerto Ricans to New York in the 1950s, folk style
5966:
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5945:
5914:
5779:
5774:
5662:
5117:
4581:
3644:
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is another originally all-Puerto Rican college with campuses in East Williamsburg and Manhattan.
2424:
2299:
2283:
2192:
2172:
1941:
1882:
1651:
1641:
1503:
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popularized the mambo style in the 1950s and early 1960s, which was followed by the emergence of
1331:
1246:
1117:
839:
622:
366:
218:
2682:
2542:
2481:
1145:
issued new immigration guidelines that changed the status of all Puerto Ricans to "foreigners".
1030:
Four other Puerto Ricans who moved to New York because of political reasons were Manuel Besosa,
939:, primarily for economic and cultural considerations, topped by another surge of arrivals after
3851:
1952:, was sworn in as Newark's first Latino mayor in November 2013, assuming the unexpired term of
5896:
5707:
4788:
4759:
4681:
4560:
4500:"Luis Quintana sworn in as Newark's first Latino mayor, filling unexpired term of Cory Booker"
4456:
4315:
4056:
4000:
3744:
3719:
3694:
3669:
3630:
3605:
3584:
3502:
3399:
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A288980066/AONE?u=cuny_hunter&sid=AONE&xid=538f4f8d
3310:
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2536:
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1886:
1667:
1647:
1507:
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1191:
1109:
1097:
1009:
5714:
5657:
4117:
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2612:
2567:
2505:
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2291:
2245:
1945:
1671:
1655:
1621:
1569:
1468:
1464:
1299:
1215:
906:
886:
in 1898. Puerto Ricans were no longer Spanish subjects and citizens of Spain, they were now
809:
687:
396:
361:
249:
4929:
3289:; By Michael C. Johanek, John L. Puckett; Page 66; Published 2007 Temple University Press;
1269:
1086:
5724:
5692:
5585:
3262:; by Joaquin Colon Lopez; pages: 229, 230; Publisher: Arte Publico Press (November 2001);
2664:
2658:
2585:
2555:
2458:
2436:
2323:
2295:
2257:
1600:
1593:
1585:
1553:
1514:
1456:
1389:
by Winston James, piraguas were introduced in New York by Puerto Ricans as early as 1926.
1146:
1077:
940:
441:
381:
306:
277:
119:
5190:"Hurricane Maria Memorial Designed By Segundo Cardona, Antonio Martorell Unveiled In NYC"
3918:"Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis â The Washington Post"
3895:
3468:
3124:
2606:
1475:
1448:
1535:
Puerto Rican migration to New York reached its peak when 75,000 people left the island.
6095:
6074:
5682:
5615:
4339:
3534:
3414:
3190:
2787:
2634:
2573:
2518:
2499:
2487:
2307:
between 1970-1990 the percentage Puerto Ricans made up of the Bronx was around 25-30%.
2249:
2241:
2225:
2217:
1616:
1608:
1518:
1401:
1378:
1371:
1339:
1208:
326:
3783:
3443:"Great Depressions of the Twentieth Century, edited by T. J. Kehoe and E. C. Prescott"
976:. Upon the outbreak of the American Civil War, many Puerto Ricans, such as Lieutenant
6134:
6102:
6060:
5983:
5876:
5729:
5590:
5387:
5285:
4898:
3602:
My Music is My Flag: Puerto Rican Musicians and Their New York Communities, 1917-1940
3168:
2530:
2375:
1180:
973:
558:
416:
5254:
5019:
3548:
1070:
6025:
4866:
4752:"Walking Around â Williamsburg â Puerto Rican New York City's Ethnic Neighborhoods"
3825:
3583:; By David Gregory Gutiérrez; pg. 98; Published 2004 by Columbia University Press;
2493:
2450:
1957:
1878:
1675:
1663:
1604:
1542:
1452:
1204:
1168:
1151:
1046:
credit to Marin. The original contents of the letter in Spanish are the following:
456:
288:
4621:
1901:
5352:
5061:
4782:
2477:
The following is a short list of notable Puerto Ricans who migrated to New York:
1326:
other critical concerns. It wasn't long before the Puerto Rican "Barrios" in the
6088:
6046:
6032:
6004:
5990:
5784:
4725:
3389:
Vazquez, David J. "Jesus Colon and the development of insurgent consciousness."
2640:
2595:
2335:
2279:
2168:
1953:
1874:
1581:
1491:
1487:
1444:
1436:
1421:
1335:
1226:
969:
481:
29:
2693:
2549:
1382:
936:
919:
4951:
3995:. ncteamericancollection.org. Archived from the original on October 30, 2002.
5697:
5472:
5318:
2740:
2399:
2395:
2363:
2213:
1921:
1409:
1363:
1214:
As the economic situation in the United States worsened in a prelude to the
1199:
1195:
1924 Baseball Game between the San Juan BBC and Porto Rico Stars in New York
1159:, which conferred United States citizenship on all citizens of Puerto Rico.
1129:
993:
985:
981:
948:
2171:
because of the work demand in the Brooklyn Navy Yard in the 1940s and 50s.
1241:
1080:(seated L-R) Juan de M. Terreforte, D. Jose Julio Henna and Roberto H. Todd
4622:
The Puerto Rican Population of the New York Metropolitan Region, 1970-2020
1447:
in the late 1960s with a younger generation of Nuyorican musicians led by
6067:
4647:"Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the U.S. and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census"
3338:, vol. 10, no. 2/3, 1983, pp. 19â38. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2633457.
2357:
2221:
2164:
1460:
1367:
1137:
announcing the Supreme Court decision in the Isabel Gonzalez case of 1904
669:
476:
3627:
The Latin Tinge: The Impact of Latin American Music on the United States
2856:"Why more Puerto Ricans are living in mainland U.S. than in Puerto Rico"
2809:
1905:
Chart reflecting Puerto Rican migration in the United States circa 1980s
1350:
1012:. Another prominent Puerto Rican who in 1871 immigrated to New York was
3499:
Images of America; Pioneros II-Puerto Ricans in New York City 1948â1998
1531:
1184:
1062:
3442:
5754:
5667:
5557:
4526:"New York and Florida Would Be Top States for Puerto Rican Migration"
2469:
was unveiled by Governor Cuomo on March 26, 2021 in lower Manhattan.
2403:
1877:
or moved to other cities in other states like New Jersey (especially
1416:
Puerto Rican music flourished with the likes of Rafael HernĂĄndez and
1359:
451:
371:
207:
4296:"Puerto Rican Population Declines on Island, Grows on U.S. Mainland"
3941:
1420:
who formed the "Trio Borincano" and gained recognition in the city.
4476:
Joe Malinconico; Abbott Koloff & Richard Cowen (May 14, 2014).
4294:
DâVera Cohn, Eileen Patten, and Mark Hugo Lopez (August 11, 2014).
4118:"New Immigrants in The Bronx â The Bronx County Historical Society"
3213:
3038:"Vida, pasiĂłn y muerte de Francisco Gonzalo MarĂn [PachĂn]"
964:
During the 19th century, commerce existed between the ports of the
5138:"N.Y. Power Company Sends Crew to Aid Puerto Rico After Hurricane"
5097:
Adam Shrier, Glenn Blain, and Rich Schapiro (September 22, 2017).
2351:
2275:
1920:
1666:. A "Nuyorican" subculture developed. In 1980, Puerto Rican poets
1631:
1537:
1483:
1432:
1349:
1268:
1240:
1190:
1128:
1069:
28:
5249:
5244:
4922:"ÂżHablas Spanish?: The Linguistic Culture of Bronx Puerto Ricans"
2969:
1960:
from New Jersey. However, as Puerto Ricans continue to climb the
4704:"QT-P10 Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010, Census Summary File 1"
2453:
led an aid delegation to San Juan, including engineers form the
1700:
1354:
A piragĂŒero in NYC posing with his Piragua pushcart in the 1920s
1294:
Several factors contributed and led to what came to be known as
989:
890:
of an American possession and needed passports to travel to the
5356:
5258:
3764:
Singer, Roberta (1988). "Puerto Rican Music in New York City".
3716:
From Bomba to Hip Hop: Puerto Rican Culture and Latino Identity
3581:
The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960
3287:
Leonard Covello and the Making of Benjamin Franklin High School
3788:
National Endowment for the Arts: National Heritage Fellowships
3604:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 169â190.
3069:
2582:â first Puerto Rican to hold public office in the mainland USA
1381:, a Puerto Rican frozen treat, shaped like a pyramid, made of
5165:"Hurricane Maria memorial will be built in Battery Park City"
4547:
Journal, Cynthia LĂłpez CabĂĄn, The Weekly (November 6, 2019).
3409:
3407:
1298:
of Puerto Ricans to New York. These were the following: the
943:
devastated Puerto Rico in September 2017 â consequently, the
3691:
Salsa Rising: New York Latin Music of the Sixties Generation
2736:
Puerto Ricans in the United States (Stateside Puerto Ricans)
1695:
1584:
with the intention of assassinating United States President
3437:
3435:
3214:""Can Non-Citizens Join the Military?", by: Jeremy Derfner"
1076:(standing L-R) Manuel Besosa, Aurelio MĂ©ndez MartĂnez, and
2274:
Puerto Ricans are present in large numbers throughout the
1435:
through his big band arrangements. Nuyorican band leaders
4895:"Selling the Lower East Side â The Emergence of Loisaida"
4272:
3668:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 72â96.
2564:â the first Hispanic to become a three-star Chief in NYPD
1894:'s population, which was over 53% Hispanic, and 25.0% of
1486:
music became part of the cultural fabric of East Harlem (
1431:(âEl Canarioâ) popularizing the traditional Puerto Rican
1171:). One of the military units at that time was New York's
3718:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 79â114.
3666:
Caribbean Currents: Caribbean Music From Rumba to Reggae
3501:; by: Virginia Sanchez Korrol and Pedro Juan Hernandez;
2837:"Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010 Census Summary File 1"
2473:
Notable people who migrated to New York from Puerto Rico
3693:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 139â207.
3629:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 127â159.
1615:
The first New York Puerto Rican Day Parade, founded by
4441:"Three Hispanic Candidates Vie For Paterson, NJ Mayor"
3391:
CENTRO: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies
1890:
example, in 2009 Puerto Ricans alone made up 29.1% of
6141:
Hispanic and Latino American culture in New York City
4549:"Number of Puerto Ricans Living Abroad Keeps Growing"
4336:"State & County QuickFacts New Jersey QuickLinks"
3467:. Womensmemorial.org. August 21, 1944. Archived from
3056:"Schomburg (Arthur A.) Papers, 1724â1895 (1904â1938)"
2673:â considered by many as the "Father of Black History"
1404:, one of the highest-grossing and most multi-faceted
4861:
4859:
4857:
2328:
Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
1471:helped shape the early South Bronx hip hop scene.
1385:
and covered with fruit flavored syrup. According to
992:
were the only two remaining Spanish colonies in the
6112:
5975:
5954:
5923:
5869:
5813:
5571:
5394:
5297:
1687:
Historical Puerto Rican population in New York City
4889:
4887:
4049:The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Historical Perspectives
1545:at the annual Puerto Rican parade in New York City
1498:, led by Santurce native Juan âJunagoâ Guiterrez.
1370:, and in East Harlem (which would become known as
1056:Which translated in English states the following:
6156:Puerto Rican culture in the United States by city
1290:A Puerto Rican woman working in a garment factory
4920:Garcia, Jessica; Kristin Nieves-Ferreri (2001).
1179:was a Puerto Rican who served in the almost all
5213:"Mark-Viverito Is Elected City Council Speaker"
4787:(illustrated ed.). NYU Press. p. 36.
1059:
1049:
18:Puerto Ricans in the New York metropolitan area
4672:
4670:
4668:
4524:Alexandre Tanzi and Wei Lu (October 9, 2017).
4478:"Joey Torres returns to Paterson mayor's seat"
3465:"Puerto Rican Woman in Defense of our country"
3241:. A&E Television Networks. August 21, 2018
3119:
3117:
3115:
2901:
2899:
2410:, is the youngest woman ever to be elected to
33:Early Puerto Rican immigrants in New York City
5368:
5270:
4416:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
4390:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
4364:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
4338:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
4249:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
4023:. United States Census Bureau. Archived from
2788:"The World of 1898: The SpanishâAmerican War"
1572:, there were signs in restaurants which read
1358:Puerto Ricans began to form their own small "
1302:, World War II and the advent of air travel.
857:
527:
8:
5122:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4565:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4461:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4320:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3809:Singer, Roberta L.; MartĂnez, Elena (2004).
2831:
2829:
2827:
1686:
1006:"The Revolutionary Committee of Puerto Rico"
947:has witnessed a significant increase in its
4589:El Instituto de EstadĂsticas de Puerto Rico
3938:"Our Founder Dr. Antonia Pantoja 1922â2002"
3523:American Journal of Economics and Sociology
1898:' population, which was over 70% Hispanic.
5375:
5361:
5353:
5294:
5277:
5263:
5255:
4781:Thabit, Walter; Frances Fox Piven (2006).
4726:"A Walk Around Brooklyn â Interactive Map"
2810:"Puerto Rican Laborers During World War I"
2603:â poet, journalist, essayist, and novelist
1974:
1685:
864:
850:
565:
545:
534:
520:
36:
5069:Working Papers in Educational Linguistics
5016:New York City Department of City Planning
4836:"All City New York: Ridgewood to Maspeth"
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2661:â composer of "Why do Fools Fall in Love"
2502:â first Puerto Rican to serve in Congress
1599:In 1954, a group of politicians close to
4982:
4980:
4972:Where do Puerto Ricans in New York City?
2386:
2318:
1900:
1682:Late 20th century and early 21st century
1513:New York City also became the mecca for
1396:
1285:
905:which gave Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico
5821:African Burial Ground National Monument
4192:. Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from
4166:. Factfinder.census.gov. Archived from
3898:. Geography.about.com. November 8, 2012
3516:
3514:
3032:
3030:
2776:
2342:2020 Puerto Rican population by borough
1956:, who vacated the position to become a
808:
783:
750:
677:
614:
573:
557:
44:
5941:New York City teachers' strike of 1968
5115:
4680:. Medgar Evers College. Archived from
4558:
4454:
4313:
4055:. Temple University Press. p. 3.
3998:
3784:"Juan Gutiérrez: Puerto Rican Drummer"
3642:
3260:Pioneros Puertorriqueños en Nueva York
3090:"Historia militar de Puerto Rico"; by
2782:
2780:
2408:New York's 14th congressional district
6146:Puerto Rican culture in New York City
5826:Bohemian Citizens' Benevolent Society
5163:Tanay Warerkar (September 20, 2018).
4987:Detailed race ethnicities 2020 census
3953:
3951:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3330:
3328:
2854:Cindy Y. Rodriguez (March 22, 2014).
2484:â former Small Business Administrator
1387:Holding Aloft the Banner of Ethiopia:
7:
4808:Pascoe, Jessie (February 21, 2006).
3993:"The Poetry Heritage of Puerto Rico"
1282:World War II and The Great Migration
1074:Puerto Rican Revolutionary Committee
4816:. Village Voice Media Holdings, LLC
4810:"Close-Up on Sunset Park, Brooklyn"
3570:Historia del Beisbol en Puerto Rico
2761:Hispanics and Latinos in New Jersey
2315:Puerto Rican population in New York
46:Race and ethnicity in New York City
5905:Philippine Independence Day Parade
5245:Puerto Rican migration within U.S.
5060:Schwinge, Diana (September 2000).
4867:"East Harlem History â 197-A Plan"
3535:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1968.tb03082.x
3375:. college.hmco.com. Archived from
1574:"No dogs or Puerto Ricans allowed"
1183:unit. The unit fought against the
25:
4952:"CITY ON A HILL: The South Bronx"
4784:How East New York became a ghetto
3772:(3â4): 139â150 – via JStor.
3309:. East-harlem.com. Archived from
3169:"Jones Act â Library of Congress"
2594:â widow of "rock n roll" pioneer
1143:United States Treasury Department
4634:Puerto Rican New Yorkers in 1990
4498:Ted Sherman (November 4, 2013).
3852:"The History of Freestyle Music"
3811:"A South Bronx Latin Music Tale"
3743:. University of Illinois Press.
3393:, vol. 21, no. 1, 2009, p. 78+.
3125:"Immigration Puerto Rican/Cuban"
2710:
2696:
2490:â political activist, journalist
1346:Puerto Rican culture in New York
1314:, after their basic training at
1096:Even though MarĂn presented the
1020:Origins of the Puerto Rican Flag
833:
5856:New York Filipino Film Festival
5211:Kate Taylor (January 8, 2014).
4582:"Perfil del Migrante 2018-2019"
4217:"The Puerto Ricans are coming!"
4215:Prida, Dolores (June 8, 2011).
3212:Peters, Justin (July 7, 2000).
2879:"The Puerto Ricans are coming!"
2731:List of Stateside Puerto Ricans
966:East Coast of the United States
945:New York City Metropolitan Area
6166:Ethnic groups in New York City
5892:German-American Steuben Parade
5250:History Puerto Rican migration
4580:VelĂĄzquez Estrada, Alberto L.
3551:. Army.mil. September 29, 1918
2877:Dolores Prida (June 8, 2011).
2457:to help restore Puerto Rico's
2212:Puerto Rican neighborhoods in
2203:is also hosted on the avenue.
1578:Puerto Rican Nationalist Party
1393:Puerto Rican music in New York
897:That was until 1917, when the
794:Royal Decree of Graces of 1815
1:
6151:Social history of Puerto Rico
5931:New York Slave Revolt of 1712
4275:. United States Census Bureau
3649:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2972:. Palante.org. March 17, 1917
2766:Puerto Ricans in Philadelphia
2260:since the late 20th century.
1165:migrated to the United States
6019:Il Progresso Italo-Americano
5851:New York Asian Film Festival
5142:U.S. News & World Report
3940:. ASPIRA.org. Archived from
3625:Roberts, John Storm (1979).
3415:"Puerto Rican cigar history"
2655:â N.Y. State Assembly member
1926:National Puerto Rican Parade
1312:New York Port of Embarkation
1173:U.S. 369th Infantry Regiment
5946:Crown Heights riots of 1991
5936:New York Conspiracy of 1741
5836:Hispanic Society of America
3336:Latin American Perspectives
2911:United States Census Bureau
6182:
5841:Indo-American Arts Council
5299:Incorporated United States
3445:. Greatdepressionsbook.com
3371:SĂĄnchez Korrol, Virginia.
2615:â Puerto Rican nationalist
2533:â Puerto Rican nationalist
2232:that originally comprised
1639:
1406:triple threat entertainers
1023:
6054:New Yorker Staats-Zeitung
5581:8th Avenue/Lapskaus Blvd.
5293:
4005:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
3974:"Puerto Rican Day Parade"
3896:"About.com â Puerto Rico"
3239:"The Harlem Hellfighters"
2621:â elected speaker of the
1715:â
1510:made his stateside debut
1261:explained in his memoir,
1225:(1900â1969), a native of
4999:Puerto Ricans. Part Four
3824:(1): 5â6. Archived from
3401:. Accessed July 1, 2019.
3149:. Caselaw.lp.findlaw.com
2812:. Historymatters.gmu.edu
2790:. Loc.gov. June 22, 2011
2671:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
2631:â New York state senator
2580:Oscar Garcia Rivera, Sr.
2467:Hurricane Maria Memorial
2455:New York Power Authority
2432:Hostos Community College
2392:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
2000:Puerto Rican population
1636:The Nuyorican Poets Café
1408:in global history, is a
1316:Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia
1263:Memoirs of Bernardo Vega
1223:Oscar Garcia Rivera, Sr.
1014:Arturo Alfonso Schomburg
892:Contiguous United States
6120:Undocumented immigrants
5910:Puerto Rican Day Parade
5846:Irish Repertory Theatre
4591:(in Spanish). p. 5
3876:. musicofpuertorico.com
2508:â novelist and essayist
2201:Puerto Rican Day Parade
1896:Lawrence, Massachusetts
1231:New York State Assembly
1114:RamĂłn Emeterio Betances
1106:Antonio Mattei Lluberas
1040:Francisco Gonzalo MarĂn
998:RamĂłn Emeterio Betances
6161:Society of Puerto Rico
5861:Wales Week in New York
5018:. 1994. Archived from
4758:. 2004. Archived from
3980:on September 30, 2007.
3944:on September 28, 2007.
3664:Manuel, Peter (1995).
3600:Glasser, Ruth (1995).
3549:"Harlem Hell Fighters"
2992:El Desterrado de ParĂs
2653:Adam Clayton Powell IV
2415:
2398:representing parts of
2383:Puerto Rican influence
2330:
2224:. Spanish Harlem was "
1929:
1928:in New York City, 2005
1906:
1637:
1601:Carmine Gerard DeSapio
1546:
1413:
1355:
1291:
1274:
1250:
1249:rolling cigars by hand
1196:
1138:
1081:
1067:
1053:
1032:Antonio VĂ©lez Alvarado
928:mainland United States
899:United States Congress
840:Puerto Rico portal
597:Holyoke, Massachusetts
34:
6012:Freie Arbeiter Stimme
4928:. NYU. Archived from
4298:. Pew Research Center
4190:"Government Census 2"
4164:"Government Census 1"
4098:on September 28, 2007
3854:. music.hyperreal.org
3831:on September 24, 2015
3739:Flores, Juan (1998).
3714:Flores, Juan (2000).
3689:Flores, Juan (2016).
3092:Hector Andres Negroni
2726:List of Puerto Ricans
2623:New York City Council
2619:Melissa Mark-Viverito
2570:â political scientist
2390:
2326:, born in the Bronx,
2322:
1924:
1904:
1892:Reading, Pennsylvania
1635:
1603:, then the leader of
1562:Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
1541:
1496:Los Pleneros de la 21
1400:
1353:
1296:"The Great Migration"
1289:
1272:
1244:
1194:
1132:
1073:
1004:who together founded
912:Selective Service Act
888:Puerto Rican citizens
161:Hispanics and Latinos
32:
5887:Feast of San Gennaro
5882:Dominican Day Parade
5144:. September 22, 2017
5050:Pantoja 2002: 93â108
4932:on February 20, 2002
4706:. U.S. Census Bureau
4653:. September 21, 2023
4420:on February 12, 2020
4394:on February 12, 2020
4368:on February 12, 2020
4253:on February 12, 2020
4196:on February 10, 2020
4170:on February 11, 2020
4144:. Puerto Rico Herald
4142:"Puerto Rico Herald"
4027:on February 12, 2020
3958:Tony Mendez obituary
3373:"Puerto Rican Women"
3193:. Houstonculture.org
3147:"U.S. Supreme Court"
2990:Ojeda Reyes, FĂ©lix,
2917:on February 14, 2020
2756:Music of Puerto Rico
2751:Nuyorican Poets Café
2718:New York City portal
2525:Marta Casals Istomin
2515:â U.S. circuit judge
1998:% of total stateside
1962:socioeconomic ladder
1660:Sandra Maria Esteves
1646:Puerto Rican writer
1026:Flags of Puerto Rico
884:SpanishâAmerican War
574:By region or country
387:Koreatown, Manhattan
342:Chinatown, Manhattan
5998:El Diario La Prensa
5831:El Museo del Barrio
5288:outside Puerto Rico
5103:New York Daily News
4842:. February 21, 2008
4227:on January 30, 2013
4072:on November 5, 2013
3923:The Washington Post
3191:"America's Defense"
2883:New York Daily News
2667:â HIV/AIDS activist
1950:Añasco, Puerto Rico
1933:Northern New Jersey
1916:in absolute numbers
1688:
1550:Operation Bootstrap
1002:Segundo Ruiz Belvis
819:Spanish (Castilian)
337:Chinatown, Flushing
332:Chinatown, Brooklyn
40:Part of a series on
5967:Nuyorican Movement
5962:Harlem Renaissance
5915:Pulaski Day Parade
5795:Washington Heights
5240:Puerto Rican Women
5217:The New York Times
4926:Voices of New York
4840:allcitynewyork.com
4553:The Weekly Journal
3962:The New York Times
3379:on March 25, 2006.
3307:"East Harlem News"
3044:on April 20, 2009.
2841:U.S. Census Bureau
2746:Nuyorican movement
2704:Puerto Rico portal
2562:Nicholas Estavillo
2425:ASPIRA Association
2416:
2331:
1930:
1907:
1883:Dominican Republic
1867:Westchester County
1652:Nuyorican Movement
1642:Nuyorican movement
1638:
1628:Nuyorican Movement
1547:
1504:Teatro Puerto Rico
1414:
1356:
1292:
1275:
1273:Teatro Puerto Rico
1251:
1247:Yauco, Puerto Rico
1197:
1157:JonesâShafroth Act
1139:
1125:Early 20th century
1118:Intentona de Yauco
1082:
960:Early 19th century
903:JonesâShafroth Act
800:JonesâShafroth Act
497:Washington Heights
35:
6128:
6127:
5924:Historical events
5901:NY Persian Parade
5897:Korean Day Parade
5414:African Americans
5350:
5349:
5346:
5345:
5032:Chenault 1938: 72
5022:on June 13, 2007.
4814:The Village Voice
4794:978-0-8147-8267-5
4756:walkingaround.com
4062:978-1-59213-414-4
3874:"LĂłpez, Jennifer"
3766:New York Folklore
3507:978-0-7385-7245-1
3276:978-1-55885-335-5
3108:978-84-7844-138-9
3072:. Redbetances.com
3070:"Francisco Marin"
3023:978-1-57488-449-4
2970:"Palante History"
2941:978-1-59213-413-7
2601:Pedro J. Labarthe
2592:Maria Elena Holly
2463:Battery Park City
2448:New York Governor
2414:in November 2018.
2354:â 237,047 (16.1%)
2157:
2156:
1993:% of NYC hispanic
1862:
1861:
1135:The San Juan News
1110:coffee plantation
1098:Puerto Rican Flag
1010:El Grito de Lares
978:Augusto Rodriguez
874:
873:
761:Roman Catholicism
544:
543:
492:Thirteenth Avenue
392:Koreatown, Queens
60:African Americans
16:(Redirected from
6173:
5715:Le Petit Senegal
5558:Native Americans
5377:
5370:
5363:
5354:
5295:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5256:
5228:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5208:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5197:
5192:. March 26, 2021
5186:
5180:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5160:
5154:
5153:
5151:
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5128:
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5121:
5113:
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5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5066:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5033:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5008:
5002:
4996:
4990:
4984:
4975:
4969:
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4962:
4960:
4958:
4948:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4897:. Archived from
4891:
4882:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4863:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4805:
4799:
4798:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4762:on March 2, 2009
4748:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4722:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4684:on June 11, 2010
4674:
4663:
4662:
4660:
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4643:
4637:
4631:
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4282:
4280:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4234:
4232:
4223:. Archived from
4212:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4186:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4160:
4154:
4153:
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4138:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4094:. Archived from
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4071:
4065:. Archived from
4054:
4043:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4017:
4011:
4010:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3976:. Archived from
3970:
3964:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3914:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
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3730:
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3655:
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3648:
3640:
3622:
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3597:
3591:
3578:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3518:
3509:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3471:on March 3, 2016
3461:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3411:
3402:
3395:Academic OneFile
3387:
3381:
3380:
3368:
3357:
3352:
3339:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3313:on March 3, 2016
3303:
3297:
3284:
3278:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3127:. Memory.loc.gov
3121:
3110:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3046:
3045:
3034:
3025:
3007:
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2995:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2966:
2951:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2913:. Archived from
2903:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2833:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2513:José A. Cabranes
2506:Giannina Braschi
2496:â movie director
2360:â 140,029 (5.1%)
2265:Mariners' Harbor
1975:
1946:Luis A. Quintana
1702:
1697:
1689:
1656:Giannina Braschi
1622:Orlando, Florida
1558:Luis Muñoz MarĂn
1469:DJ Charlie Chase
1465:Rock Steady Crew
1300:Great Depression
1216:Great Depression
1177:Rafael HernĂĄndez
1036:Juan RĂus Rivera
907:U.S. citizenship
866:
859:
852:
838:
837:
836:
569:
546:
536:
529:
522:
462:Little Sri Lanka
402:Little Australia
397:Le Petit Senegal
37:
21:
6181:
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6176:
6175:
6174:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6131:
6130:
6129:
6124:
6108:
5971:
5950:
5919:
5870:Cultural events
5865:
5809:
5688:Jackson Heights
5573:Ethnic enclaves
5567:
5390:
5381:
5351:
5342:
5328:Massachusetts (
5289:
5283:
5236:
5231:
5221:
5219:
5210:
5209:
5205:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5187:
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4956:
4954:
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4919:
4918:
4914:
4904:
4902:
4901:on May 13, 2008
4893:
4892:
4885:
4875:
4873:
4871:East Harlem.com
4865:
4864:
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4843:
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4833:
4829:
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4817:
4807:
4806:
4802:
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4592:
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4574:
4557:
4546:
4545:
4541:
4531:
4529:
4528:. Bloomberg L.P
4523:
4522:
4518:
4508:
4506:
4504:The Star-Ledger
4497:
4496:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4475:
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4444:
4438:
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4397:
4395:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4371:
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4360:
4359:
4355:
4345:
4343:
4342:on June 7, 2013
4334:
4333:
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4299:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4271:
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4245:
4244:
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4230:
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4221:NYDailyNews.com
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3871:
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3850:Gardner, Joey.
3849:
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3353:
3342:
3333:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3285:
3281:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3232:
3222:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3113:
3089:
3085:
3075:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3008:
3004:
2998:
2989:
2985:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2967:
2954:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2887:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2778:
2774:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2685:â congresswoman
2683:Nydia VelĂĄzquez
2665:Yolanda Serrano
2659:Herman Santiago
2625:in January 2014
2586:Isabel Gonzalez
2556:Julia de Burgos
2475:
2459:electrical grid
2444:Hurricane Maria
2437:Boricua College
2385:
2378:â 38,070 (7.6%)
2372:â 89,115 (3.7%)
2366:â 91,274 (5.3%)
2344:
2324:Sonia Sotomayor
2317:
2258:Lower East Side
2162:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1966:Hurricane Maria
1684:
1644:
1630:
1594:Antonia Pantoja
1586:Harry S. Truman
1554:Teodoro Moscoso
1527:
1515:freestyle music
1395:
1348:
1284:
1239:
1209:Madison Avenues
1147:Isabel Gonzalez
1127:
1078:Sotero Figueroa
1075:
1068:
1054:
1028:
1022:
962:
941:Hurricane Maria
870:
834:
832:
540:
511:
510:
505:Ethnic enclaves
442:Little Pakistan
377:Jackson Heights
302:
294:
293:
55:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6179:
6177:
6169:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6116:
6114:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6106:
6099:
6096:The Irish Echo
6092:
6085:
6082:The Daily Star
6078:
6075:Sing Tao Daily
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6008:
6001:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5977:
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5972:
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5907:
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5899:
5894:
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5884:
5879:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5785:Spanish Harlem
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5735:Little Germany
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5683:Italian Harlem
5680:
5675:
5673:Hell's Kitchen
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5618:
5616:Brighton Beach
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5577:
5575:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
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5463:
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5438:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5398:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5382:
5380:
5379:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5348:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5335:Pennsylvania (
5333:
5326:
5316:
5309:
5303:
5301:
5291:
5290:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5274:
5267:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5235:
5234:External links
5232:
5230:
5229:
5203:
5181:
5155:
5140:. Reuters and
5129:
5089:
5052:
5043:
5034:
5025:
5003:
4991:
4976:
4964:
4943:
4912:
4883:
4853:
4827:
4800:
4793:
4773:
4743:
4717:
4695:
4664:
4638:
4626:
4614:
4602:
4572:
4539:
4516:
4490:
4468:
4443:. Voices of NY
4431:
4405:
4379:
4353:
4327:
4286:
4264:
4238:
4207:
4181:
4155:
4133:
4109:
4092:"east Village"
4083:
4061:
4038:
4012:
3991:Gray, Pamela.
3983:
3965:
3947:
3929:
3909:
3887:
3865:
3842:
3818:Centro Journal
3801:
3775:
3756:
3749:
3731:
3724:
3706:
3699:
3681:
3674:
3656:
3635:
3617:
3610:
3592:
3573:
3562:
3540:
3529:(4): 371â375.
3510:
3491:
3482:
3456:
3431:
3403:
3382:
3358:
3340:
3324:
3298:
3279:
3252:
3230:
3204:
3182:
3160:
3138:
3111:
3083:
3061:
3047:
3026:
3002:
2996:
2983:
2952:
2928:
2895:
2869:
2846:
2823:
2801:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2707:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2644:
2638:
2632:
2629:Olga A. MĂ©ndez
2626:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2565:
2559:
2553:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2522:
2519:Hector Camacho
2516:
2509:
2503:
2500:Herman Badillo
2497:
2491:
2488:Juanita Arocho
2485:
2474:
2471:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2343:
2340:
2316:
2313:
2250:General Slocum
2226:Italian Harlem
2218:Spanish Harlem
2161:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1988:% of NYC total
1986:
1985:New York City
1979:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1683:
1680:
1668:Miguel AlgarĂn
1629:
1626:
1526:
1523:
1519:Jennifer Lopez
1508:José Feliciano
1457:Fania Allstars
1441:Tito Rodriguez
1429:Manuel Jimenez
1402:Jennifer Lopez
1394:
1391:
1372:Spanish Harlem
1347:
1344:
1283:
1280:
1245:Tabaqueros in
1238:
1235:
1126:
1123:
1058:
1048:
1024:Main article:
1021:
1018:
961:
958:
872:
871:
869:
868:
861:
854:
846:
843:
842:
829:
828:
827:
826:
821:
813:
812:
806:
805:
804:
803:
796:
788:
787:
781:
780:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
755:
754:
748:
747:
746:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
682:
681:
675:
674:
673:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
641:
640:
630:
625:
617:
616:
612:
611:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
576:
575:
571:
570:
562:
561:
555:
554:
542:
541:
539:
538:
531:
524:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
500:
499:
494:
489:
484:
482:Spanish Harlem
479:
474:
472:Little Ukraine
469:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
422:Little Germany
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
327:Brighton Beach
324:
319:
314:
309:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
286:
281:
274:
269:
264:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
215:
210:
205:
200:
199:
198:
188:
183:
178:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
116:
111:
110:
109:
104:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
67:
62:
56:
53:
52:
49:
48:
42:
41:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6178:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6121:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6103:World Journal
6100:
6098:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6090:
6086:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6070:
6069:
6065:
6063:
6062:
6061:Nowy Dziennik
6058:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6035:
6034:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6023:
6021:
6020:
6016:
6014:
6013:
6009:
6007:
6006:
6002:
6000:
5999:
5995:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5984:Asahi Shimbun
5981:
5980:
5978:
5974:
5968:
5965:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5877:Brazilian Day
5875:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5755:Little Saigon
5753:
5751:
5750:Little Poland
5748:
5746:
5745:Little Manila
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5730:Little Fuzhou
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5720:Little Brazil
5718:
5716:
5713:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5653:Dyker Heights
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5643:Crown Heights
5641:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5591:Arthur Avenue
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5524:Puerto Ricans
5522:
5521:
5520:
5516:
5513:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5415:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5403:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5388:New York City
5385:
5384:Ethnic groups
5378:
5373:
5371:
5366:
5364:
5359:
5358:
5355:
5338:
5334:
5331:
5327:
5324:
5323:New York City
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5287:
5286:Puerto Ricans
5280:
5275:
5273:
5268:
5266:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5233:
5218:
5214:
5207:
5204:
5191:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5170:September 20,
5166:
5159:
5156:
5148:September 27,
5143:
5139:
5133:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5108:September 22,
5104:
5100:
5093:
5090:
5078:
5074:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5053:
5047:
5044:
5038:
5035:
5029:
5026:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4973:
4968:
4965:
4953:
4947:
4944:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4916:
4913:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4888:
4884:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4815:
4811:
4804:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4785:
4777:
4774:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4731:
4727:
4721:
4718:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4683:
4679:
4678:"2010 Census"
4673:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4627:
4623:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4606:
4603:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4543:
4540:
4527:
4520:
4517:
4505:
4501:
4494:
4491:
4479:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4458:
4442:
4435:
4432:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4310:
4297:
4290:
4287:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4252:
4248:
4242:
4239:
4226:
4222:
4218:
4211:
4208:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4169:
4165:
4159:
4156:
4143:
4137:
4134:
4119:
4113:
4110:
4097:
4093:
4087:
4084:
4068:
4064:
4058:
4051:
4050:
4042:
4039:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3994:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3939:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3897:
3891:
3888:
3875:
3869:
3866:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3802:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3776:
3771:
3767:
3760:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3732:
3727:
3721:
3717:
3710:
3707:
3702:
3700:9780199764907
3696:
3692:
3685:
3682:
3677:
3671:
3667:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3638:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3618:
3613:
3607:
3603:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3589:0-231-11808-2
3586:
3582:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3566:
3563:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3486:
3483:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3444:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3378:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3296:
3295:1-59213-521-8
3292:
3288:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3268:1-55885-335-9
3265:
3261:
3256:
3253:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3205:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3170:
3164:
3161:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3100:84-7844-138-7
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3071:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3015:1-57488-449-2
3012:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2971:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2950:
2949:1-59213-413-0
2946:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2929:
2921:September 22,
2916:
2912:
2908:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2857:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2708:
2705:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:Lolita LebrĂłn
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2568:Angelo FalcĂłn
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2531:Oscar Collazo
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2440:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2420:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2382:
2377:
2376:Staten Island
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2272:
2270:
2267:, Arlington,
2266:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2181:East New York
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:population in
1980:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1871:Staten Island
1868:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:Miguel Piñero
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1634:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1595:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1570:Lolita LebrĂłn
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:Bernardo Vega
1255:
1248:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:Afro-American
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1141:In 1902, the
1136:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1079:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
974:Massachusetts
971:
967:
959:
957:
955:
950:
946:
942:
938:
932:
929:
923:
921:
917:
913:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
880:
879:Puerto Ricans
876:
867:
862:
860:
855:
853:
848:
847:
845:
844:
841:
831:
830:
825:
822:
820:
817:
816:
815:
814:
811:
807:
802:
801:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
789:
786:
782:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
766:Protestantism
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
756:
753:
749:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
684:
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
639:
636:
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
620:
619:
618:
613:
608:
605:
603:
602:New York City
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
582:United States
580:
579:
578:
577:
572:
568:
564:
563:
560:
559:Puerto Ricans
556:
552:
548:
547:
537:
532:
530:
525:
523:
518:
517:
515:
514:
507:
506:
502:
501:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
452:Little Saigon
450:
448:
447:Little Poland
445:
443:
440:
438:
437:Little Manila
435:
433:
430:
428:
427:Little Guyana
425:
423:
420:
418:
417:Little Fuzhou
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Little Brazil
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
347:Crown Heights
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
301:Neighborhoods
298:
297:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
279:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
262:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
245:Scandinavians
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
225:Puerto Ricans
223:
221:
220:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
197:
194:
193:
192:
189:
187:
184:
182:
179:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
121:
117:
115:
112:
108:
105:
103:
100:
99:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
72:
68:
66:
63:
61:
58:
57:
51:
50:
47:
43:
39:
38:
31:
27:
19:
6113:Other topics
6101:
6094:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6040:Little India
6038:
6031:
6026:India Abroad
6024:
6017:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5814:Institutions
5800:Williamsburg
5765:Little Syria
5760:Little Spain
5740:Little Italy
5725:Little Egypt
5678:Howard Beach
5611:Borough Park
5523:
5337:Philadelphia
5322:
5220:. Retrieved
5216:
5206:
5194:. Retrieved
5184:
5175:
5168:. Retrieved
5158:
5146:. Retrieved
5132:
5106:. Retrieved
5102:
5092:
5082:December 30,
5080:. Retrieved
5072:
5068:
5055:
5046:
5037:
5028:
5020:the original
5015:
5006:
4994:
4967:
4955:. Retrieved
4946:
4934:. Retrieved
4930:the original
4925:
4915:
4903:. Retrieved
4899:the original
4874:. Retrieved
4870:
4844:. Retrieved
4839:
4830:
4818:. Retrieved
4813:
4803:
4783:
4776:
4764:. Retrieved
4760:the original
4755:
4746:
4734:. Retrieved
4730:thirteen.org
4729:
4720:
4708:. Retrieved
4698:
4686:. Retrieved
4682:the original
4655:. Retrieved
4650:
4641:
4629:
4617:
4605:
4593:. Retrieved
4588:
4575:
4552:
4542:
4530:. Retrieved
4519:
4509:November 10,
4507:. Retrieved
4503:
4493:
4481:. Retrieved
4471:
4445:. Retrieved
4434:
4422:. Retrieved
4418:the original
4408:
4396:. Retrieved
4392:the original
4382:
4372:November 15,
4370:. Retrieved
4366:the original
4356:
4346:November 15,
4344:. Retrieved
4340:the original
4330:
4307:
4300:. Retrieved
4289:
4277:. Retrieved
4267:
4257:November 10,
4255:. Retrieved
4251:the original
4241:
4229:. Retrieved
4225:the original
4220:
4210:
4198:. Retrieved
4194:the original
4184:
4172:. Retrieved
4168:the original
4158:
4146:. Retrieved
4136:
4124:. Retrieved
4112:
4100:. Retrieved
4096:the original
4086:
4076:December 30,
4074:. Retrieved
4067:the original
4048:
4041:
4031:November 15,
4029:. Retrieved
4025:the original
4015:
3986:
3978:the original
3968:
3961:
3942:the original
3932:
3921:
3912:
3900:. Retrieved
3890:
3878:. Retrieved
3868:
3858:December 30,
3856:. Retrieved
3845:
3835:December 30,
3833:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3821:
3817:
3804:
3792:. Retrieved
3787:
3778:
3769:
3765:
3759:
3740:
3734:
3715:
3709:
3690:
3684:
3665:
3659:
3626:
3620:
3601:
3595:
3580:
3576:
3565:
3553:. Retrieved
3543:
3526:
3522:
3498:
3494:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3469:the original
3459:
3447:. Retrieved
3422:. Retrieved
3418:
3394:
3390:
3385:
3377:the original
3335:
3315:. Retrieved
3311:the original
3301:
3286:
3282:
3259:
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3233:
3221:. Retrieved
3217:
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3163:
3151:. Retrieved
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3086:
3074:. Retrieved
3064:
3050:
3042:the original
3005:
2999:
2994:, pp. 94â104
2991:
2986:
2974:. Retrieved
2931:
2919:. Retrieved
2915:the original
2886:. Retrieved
2882:
2872:
2860:. Retrieved
2849:
2840:
2814:. Retrieved
2804:
2792:. Retrieved
2647:Carlos Ortiz
2607:HĂ©ctor Lavoe
2543:MĂriam ColĂłn
2494:Ivonne Belen
2482:AĂda Ălvarez
2476:
2451:Andrew Cuomo
2441:
2430:
2421:
2417:
2345:
2332:
2309:
2288:Clason Point
2273:
2262:
2254:East Village
2211:
2205:
2189:Coney Island
2177:Williamsburg
2163:
1981:Puerto Rican
1971:
1958:U.S. Senator
1931:
1915:
1912:
1908:
1879:North Jersey
1863:
1676:Pedro Pietri
1664:Tato Laviera
1645:
1614:
1605:Tammany Hall
1598:
1591:
1573:
1567:
1548:
1543:Ricky Martin
1528:
1512:
1500:
1473:
1453:Ray Barretto
1449:Willie Colon
1426:
1418:Pedro Flores
1415:
1386:
1376:
1357:
1328:Williamsburg
1324:
1320:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1293:
1276:
1262:
1256:
1252:
1220:
1213:
1198:
1169:conscription
1161:
1152:Ellis Island
1140:
1134:
1108:, a wealthy
1103:
1095:
1091:
1089:as a guest.
1083:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1044:
1029:
963:
933:
924:
896:
877:
875:
798:
607:Philadelphia
601:
503:
467:Little Syria
457:Little Spain
432:Little Italy
412:Little Egypt
322:Borough Park
276:
259:
224:
217:
118:
77:Bangladeshis
69:
26:
6089:Epoch Times
6047:Korea Times
6033:Irish Voice
6005:The Forward
5991:China Daily
5790:Sunset Park
5775:Morris Park
5606:Bensonhurst
5539:Salvadorans
5478:Belarusians
4710:January 22,
4657:December 9,
4532:October 22,
4424:November 9,
4398:November 9,
4279:October 27,
4231:December 4,
2677:José Torres
2641:Rita Moreno
2635:Tony MĂ©ndez
2596:Buddy Holly
2574:José Ferrer
2537:JesĂșs ColĂłn
2336:U.S. Census
2300:Hunts Point
2284:Castle Hill
2280:urban decay
2197:Sunset Park
2185:Brownsville
2169:South Bronx
1995:population
1990:population
1954:Cory Booker
1875:Long Island
1648:JesĂșs ColĂłn
1617:Tony MĂ©ndez
1609:Tony MĂ©ndez
1582:Blair House
1492:South Bronx
1437:Tito Puente
1422:Myrta Silva
1336:South Bronx
970:Connecticut
916:World War I
487:Sunset Park
317:Bensonhurst
261:Sri Lankans
136:Ecuadorians
82:Belarusians
54:Ethnicities
6135:Categories
5780:Ozone Park
5698:Koreatowns
5648:Curry Hill
5621:Chinatowns
5551:Black Jews
5529:Dominicans
5515:Caribbeans
5508:Ukrainians
5426:Brazilians
5419:Black Jews
5395:Ancestries
5311:Illinois (
5222:January 8,
4989:census.gov
4651:Census.gov
4612:census.gov
4302:August 29,
3750:0252070429
3725:0231110774
3675:1566393396
3636:0961445815
3611:0520081226
3419:libcom.org
2772:References
2552:â minister
2550:Nicky Cruz
2527:â musician
2304:West Farms
1948:, born in
1640:See also:
1490:) and the
1455:, and the
1383:shaved ice
1340:Piragueros
1237:Tabaqueros
1087:JosĂ© MartĂ
937:New Jersey
920:air travel
824:Vocabulary
743:Television
723:Literature
352:Curry Hill
284:Vietnamese
272:Ukrainians
250:Senegalese
219:Pakistanis
196:Black Jews
126:Dominicans
114:Colombians
102:Fuzhounese
92:Caribbeans
87:Brazilians
5955:Movements
5805:Yorkville
5703:Manhattan
5636:Manhattan
5596:Bay Ridge
5519:Hispanics
5473:Albanians
5468:Europeans
5461:Taiwanese
5441:Filipinos
5196:March 28,
5118:cite news
5041:Lapp 1990
4957:April 22,
4688:April 13,
4595:April 11,
3645:cite book
3245:March 20,
3171:. Loc.gov
2888:March 22,
2862:March 22,
2741:Nuyorican
2643:â actress
2545:â actress
2400:The Bronx
2396:Nuyorican
2364:Manhattan
2292:Soundview
2214:Manhattan
2207:Ridgewood
1488:El Barrio
1410:Nuyorican
1364:The Bronx
1221:In 1937,
1200:Nero Chen
1133:Cover of
1104:In 1897,
994:New World
986:steamship
982:Manhattan
949:Nuyorican
901:approved
708:Education
615:Subgroups
357:Curry Row
255:Spaniards
235:Romanians
181:Jamaicans
141:Filipinos
107:Taiwanese
65:Albanians
6068:Proletar
5770:Loisaida
5663:Flatbush
5658:Elmhurst
5626:Brooklyn
5601:BedâStuy
5534:Mexicans
5503:Russians
5498:Italians
5451:Japanese
5319:New York
5001:cuny.edu
4561:cite web
4457:cite web
4316:cite web
4102:July 23,
4001:cite web
2690:See also
2609:â singer
2539:â writer
2412:Congress
2358:Brooklyn
2296:Longwood
2269:Elm Park
2256:and the
2230:Avenue A
2222:Loisaida
2216:include
2193:Red Hook
2173:Bushwick
2165:Brooklyn
2160:Enclaves
1938:Paterson
1728:+1229.2%
1607:, chose
1461:Joe Cuba
1379:piraguas
1368:Brooklyn
1332:Bushwick
1227:MayagĂŒez
954:San Juan
810:Language
752:Religion
733:Politics
718:Language
638:Corsican
551:a series
549:Part of
477:Loisaida
367:Flatbush
362:Elmhurst
312:Bed-Stuy
240:Russians
213:Mexicans
186:Japanese
176:Italians
156:Haitians
5693:Jamaica
5586:Astoria
5488:Germans
5456:Koreans
5446:Indians
5436:Chinese
5407:Syrians
5330:Holyoke
5313:Chicago
4974:nyu.edu
4636:nyc.gov
4483:May 15,
4447:May 15,
4200:June 2,
4174:June 2,
4148:June 2,
4126:June 2,
3902:June 2,
3880:May 21,
3555:June 2,
3475:June 2,
3449:June 2,
3424:July 8,
3317:June 2,
3223:June 2,
3197:June 2,
3175:June 2,
3153:June 2,
3131:June 2,
3076:June 2,
2976:June 2,
2843:. 2011.
2816:June 2,
2794:June 2,
2679:â boxer
2649:â boxer
2576:â actor
2521:â boxer
2246:Italian
2144:595,535
2127:723,621
2110:789,172
2093:896,763
2076:860,552
2059:917,712
2042:612,574
2025:187,420
1887:spheres
1855:595,535
1842:723,621
1829:789,172
1816:896,763
1803:860,552
1790:917,712
1780:+226.8%
1777:612,574
1767:+204.9%
1764:187,420
1741:+509.8%
1532:GI Bill
1360:barrios
1185:Germans
1063:Jamaica
785:History
771:Judaism
698:Cuisine
679:Culture
665:Spanish
655:Italian
628:Chinese
623:African
587:Chicago
382:Jamaica
307:Astoria
289:Yemenis
267:Syrians
203:Koreans
166:Indians
146:Germans
97:Chinese
5708:Queens
5668:Harlem
5631:Queens
5563:Romani
5431:Asians
5307:Hawaii
5177:again.
4936:May 5,
4905:May 5,
4876:May 5,
4846:May 5,
4820:May 5,
4791:
4766:May 5,
4736:May 4,
4309:State.
4059:
3794:May 4,
3790:. 1996
3747:
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2558:â poet
2511:Judge
2404:Queens
2370:Queens
2302:, and
2244:, and
2238:Jewish
2234:German
2195:, and
2008:61,463
1978:Year
1942:Newark
1873:, and
1858:â17.7%
1832:â12.0%
1793:+49.8%
1754:+36.9%
1751:61,463
1738:44,908
1662:, and
1576:. The
1482:, and
1476:jibaro
1362:", in
1038:, and
972:, and
738:Sports
693:Cinema
660:Jewish
645:German
633:French
592:Hawaii
372:Harlem
278:Uzbeks
230:Romani
208:Lenape
151:Greeks
120:Cubans
5976:Media
5493:Irish
5483:Dutch
5402:Arabs
5075:(2).
5065:(PDF)
4732:. PBS
4585:(PDF)
4121:(PDF)
4070:(PDF)
4053:(PDF)
3829:(PDF)
3814:(PDF)
3218:Slate
2858:. CNN
2548:Rev.
2352:Bronx
2276:Bronx
2242:Irish
2096:12.2%
2079:12.1%
2062:11.6%
1845:â8.3%
1819:+4.2%
1806:â6.2%
1725:7,364
1525:1950s
1484:plena
1480:bomba
1445:salsa
1433:plena
1205:Fifth
776:Islam
728:Music
703:Dance
670:TaĂno
650:Irish
171:Irish
131:Dutch
71:Arabs
5546:Jews
5517:and
5224:2014
5198:2021
5172:2018
5150:2017
5124:link
5110:2017
5084:2016
5077:ERIC
4959:2009
4938:2009
4907:2009
4878:2009
4848:2009
4822:2009
4789:ISBN
4768:2009
4738:2009
4712:2012
4690:2010
4659:2023
4624:CUNY
4597:2022
4567:link
4534:2017
4511:2013
4485:2014
4463:link
4449:2014
4426:2013
4400:2013
4374:2013
4348:2013
4322:link
4304:2015
4281:2014
4259:2013
4233:2012
4202:2013
4176:2013
4150:2013
4128:2013
4104:2007
4078:2016
4057:ISBN
4033:2013
4007:link
3904:2013
3882:2015
3860:2016
3837:2016
3796:2024
3745:ISBN
3720:ISBN
3695:ISBN
3670:ISBN
3651:link
3631:ISBN
3606:ISBN
3585:ISBN
3557:2013
3503:ISBN
3477:2013
3451:2013
3426:2019
3319:2013
3291:ISBN
3272:ISBN
3264:ISBN
3247:2022
3225:2013
3199:2013
3177:2013
3155:2013
3133:2013
3104:ISBN
3096:ISBN
3078:2013
3019:ISBN
3011:ISBN
2978:2013
2945:ISBN
2937:ISBN
2923:2017
2890:2014
2864:2014
2818:2013
2796:2013
2402:and
2394:, a
2220:and
2153:10%
2147:6.7%
2141:2020
2136:15%
2130:8.9%
2124:2010
2119:23%
2113:9.8%
2107:2000
2102:32%
2090:1990
2085:42%
2073:1980
2068:65%
2056:1970
2051:68%
2045:7.8%
2039:1960
2034:82%
2028:2.3%
2022:1950
2017:87%
2011:0.9%
2005:1940
1940:and
1851:2020
1838:2010
1825:2000
1812:1990
1799:1980
1786:1970
1773:1960
1760:1950
1747:1940
1734:1930
1721:1920
1708:1910
1696:Pop.
1692:Year
1674:and
1467:and
1439:and
1207:and
1000:and
990:Cuba
713:Flag
191:Jews
5386:in
3822:XVI
3770:XIV
3531:doi
2406:in
2150:23%
2133:31%
2116:36%
2099:51%
2082:61%
2065:76%
2014:56%
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