372:, the TSA had planned on installing 434 machines; however, due to maintenance problems, they have halted installation and "have no plans to acquire more." The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has reported involvement with Syagen's MS trace portal machine recently, funding them in 2008 with one unit tested at Orange County Airport shortly afterwards. At most airports, the machines were replaced either by
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recommends the use of MS technology over IMS, calling it the "Gold
Standard for resolving high-consequence analyses". The Guardian is the first and only trace portal machine that can perform shoe bomb detection as part of its scanning process, resulting in no removal of shoes is required. Most US airports currently require passengers to remove their shoes, a common complaint about airport security hassles.
294:(MS) technology, which can detect 16 explosive compounds with 10-100x more sensitivity than IMS, resolve multiple compounds at the same time, and perform shoe bomb detection without removing shoes. The collection technology licensed from Sandia Laboratories is also significantly different from those used in Entry Scan and the Sentinel II. Syagen offers a narcotics screening portal as a separate product.
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The term "trace-detection" refers to the machine's ability to detect extremely small "traces" of these compounds. The exact sensitivities of these machines are not published, but a mass spectrometer detects compounds on a molecular level and would only be limited by the efficiency of the collection
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The
Sentinel ll, unlike the Sentinel l, "requires less power, has a more modular frame design, which incorporates the compressor into the unit for easier installation and as a result, requires less space." It also "has a more ergonomic design, improved passenger interface and easier maintenance."
357:
and Smiths
Detection using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technology at a cost of about $ 160,000 each. Delays in testing at the Homeland Security Department laboratory and questions about reliability have hindered their deployment. Early models were loud and slow, and required a lot of power.
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The
Guardian has been under development since 2001 but was introduced commercially after Entry Scan and The Sentinel. It improved the GE and Smiths Detection machines by providing a MS analyzer rather than IMS analyzer to do the sample analyses and detection. The National Academy of Sciences
326:, it is capable of screening up to 180 passengers an hour. This sample is then analyzed using IMS or MS technology to search for specific explosive or narcotic compounds. If a substance of concern is detected, the security personnel are notified by a visible and/or audible alarm.
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The machine operates by releasing multiple puffs of air at a passenger who is standing upright within the machine. This will flush out any particles on the person inside the machine then analyze and identify them in seconds. According to an article in the 16 June, 2005,
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currently licenses its "puffer" preconcentration collection technology in collaboration with Syagen
Technology in the production of the industry's only mass spectrometer-based puffer machine. According to an article in the 3 September, 2006,
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At their peak, about 95 machines were installed in 34 airports. The majority of these were GE's Entry Scan and a few were Smith's
Sentinels. According to an article on the 10 October, 2007 in
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387:(GE EntryScan3), just before visitors enter the statue itself. This is one example of the many increased security measures taken for popular New York landmarks post
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Durability has also been a concern. Trace portal machines are currently the only airport screening devices that automatically examine passengers for explosives.
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screening. The machines are intended as a secondary screening device, used as a complement to, rather than a substitute for, traditional
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307:'s website, the machines "can be instantly updated through their vast information technology network to stay ahead of the curve."
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in 1997. Prototypes have been under improvement since 2001 at the
Science and Technology division of the
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731:"Stop! And Be Sniffed; Device Detects Traces of Explosives, Molecule by Molecule (Published 2004)"
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use trace portal machines at border crossings into areas under their jurisdiction such as the
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As well as having been implemented in US airports, there are also puffer machines at the
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533:"Mass Spectrometry for Trace Detection of Threat Agents, National Academy of Sciences"
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Three machines are installed at the security check for the
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or poorly sourced material may be challenged or removed.
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from the air puffed to obtain a sample for analysis.
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Five machines are also currently operating at the "
255:. It can also detect controlled substances such as
239:(IMS) technology and can detect explosives such as
111:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
622:"Screening Tools Slow to Arrive in U.S. Airports"
286:with preconcentration technology licensed from
8:
207:and other sensitive facilities as a part of
195:, is a security device that seeks to detect
647:"TSA security puts technology to the test"
566:"Airport Device To Ease Need For Pat-Down"
334:The machines were originally developed by
185:explosives trace-detection portal machine
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:, and Ionscan Sentinel II, developed by
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699:"Guardian at John Wayne Airport, 2008"
305:Transportation Security Administration
36:self-sourcing popular culture examples
590:"Syagen and Sandia License Agreement"
7:
109:adding citations to reliable sources
49:and remove less pertinent examples.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
223:Available models and technologies
471:IONSCAN Sentinel ll. 2007-12-12.
353:, they are also manufactured by
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23:
729:Ramirez, Anthony (2004-08-30).
96:needs additional citations for
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668:"DHS Funding to Syagen, 2008"
645:Frank, Thomas (2007-10-01).
344:Sandia National Laboratories
340:Homeland Security Department
336:Sandia National Laboratories
288:Sandia National Laboratories
620:Lipton, Eric (2006-09-03).
564:Lipton, Eric (2005-06-16).
424:" nuclear plant in Quebec.
282:The Guardian, developed by
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449:Explosives trace detector
237:ion mobility spectrometry
227:Entry Scan, developed by
374:millimeter wave scanners
191:and commonly known as a
439:Millimeter wave scanner
342:of the United States.
547:"IONSCAN SENTINEL II"
510:. TSA. Archived from
396:Israeli Border Police
553:on 23 February 2010.
189:trace portal machine
105:improve this article
43:improve this article
769:Security technology
735:The New York Times
389:September 11, 2001
187:, also known as a
774:Aviation security
444:Backscatter X-ray
434:Full body scanner
385:Statue of Liberty
378:backscatter X-ray
303:According to the
292:mass spectrometry
284:Syagen Technology
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649:. USA Today
330:Development
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518:2008-05-09
493:2009-12-29
455:References
422:Gentilly-2
380:machines.
197:explosives
131:newspapers
743:0362-4331
369:USA Today
257:marijuana
51:Unsourced
428:See also
407:CN Tower
205:airports
411:Toronto
315:Process
261:cocaine
145:scholar
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415:Canada
275:, and
265:heroin
251:, and
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34:gives
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362:Usage
152:JSTOR
138:books
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394:The
279:.
277:MDMA
245:PETN
199:and
124:news
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376:or
269:PCP
249:TNT
241:RDX
203:at
183:An
107:by
45:by
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