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10 °C (50 °F) may occur each winter. Summers are still hot, however
Pukatja does not experience the scorching 45 °C (113 °F) plus summer maximum temperatures typical of most of inland South Australia. Average January maximums are 34.5 °C (94.1 °F) and this drops to 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) in June. Overnight lows range from a mean minimum temperature of 19.7 °C (67.5 °F) in January to 3.3 °C (37.9 °F) in June. Annual rainfall averages 275.2 millimetres (10.83 in), which is typical of an arid climate, and mostly falls from brief summer thunderstorms.
54:
900:. However Monarto Safari Park has had some success in breeding the wallabies, and has helped to establish a viable population (22) of the wallabies in a 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi) fenced area, known as the Pintji, in the APY lands. In June 2017 the zoo announced that 25 of the population bred at Pintji, along with 15 others, had been released into the wild. These will be monitored and feral animal control measures are in place.
497:, and offered medical help and education, with no conditions attached. Author and researcher Carol Pybus wrote that the Ernabella Mission did not interfere with tribal life, and many of the Aboriginal people "regard the mission times and their relationship with missionaries in a positive light", and enjoyed a spiritual life which blended Christianity with their beliefs and practices. Children were never separated from their families.
466:
cohabited with the local women, and sometimes groups of Anangu travelled with the doggers or set themselves up as doggers in their own right. There was a number of pastoral leases on the edge of the
Western Desert, established from the 1880s, but development was marginal in the Musgrave Ranges area. Farming in these arid lands was labour-intensive, and an interdependence between the pastoralists and Aboriginal people developed.
593:
61:
478:). Duguid laid down the following principles for the mission: "There was to be no compulsion nor imposition of our way of life on the Aborigines, nor deliberate interference with tribal custom ... only people trained in some particular skill should be on the mission staff, and ... they must learn the tribal language.
854:
In
November 2019, a four-bed dialysis clinic was opened in Pukatja, named after Kinyin Mckenzie, who died in Alice Springs while receiving dialysis. The first such clinic in remote South Australia, it was funded mostly by the federal government, but boosted by the sale of paintings by Ernabella Arts,
706:
As of July 2019 a major road upgrade, funded by federal and state governments, has been under way since 2016. 210 kilometres (130 mi) of the Main Access Road between the Stuart
Highway and Pukatja are being improved to improve general road safety, communications, food delivery, emergency service
508:
area and stayed in the area. There was no need for the missionaries to entice people to the
Mission; people moved there on their own accord. Some saw it as a place of care and protection from exploitation. The Mission encouraged independence and supported the sometime-residents' nomadic way of life.
543:
In 1972, the community elders, who called Duguid "Tjilpi" ("respected old man"), wrote to him saying that they wanted him to be buried at
Ernabella "so that Aborigines will always remember that he was one of us and that he faithfully helped us". Duguid regarded this as a great compliment, and after
737:
7.5 million at Amata and
Pukatja for new police stations, court facilities and cells along with associated police housing and facilities. The new, permanently staffed facilities were opened in March 2010, staffed by one sergeant, three constables and a Police Aboriginal Liaison Officer. The police
469:
On a trip to
Ernabella in 1935, Duguid noticed discrimination and heard reports of abuse of Aboriginal men's labour and the sexual abuse of women. He advocated the establishment of a mission "to act as a buffer between the Aborigines and the encroaching white settlers". In 1936 he persuaded the
465:
scalps (to help protect the sheep) by "doggers" started. Relationships of various types developed between the doggers and the local people, with the
Aboriginal people's superior skills used to hunt collect the scalps, for which they were paid in rations, clothing and other goods. Some doggers
908:
Climate records for
Ernabella/Pukatja have been kept since 1971. Due to its elevation high in the Musgrave Ranges, Pukatja is one of the coldest locations in central Australia. Minimum temperatures may drop below −5 °C (23 °F) with heavy frost and daytime maximum temperatures below
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The first school building was completed in 1940, and was unique in South Australia in that English was not taught as the first language; it was only introduced as a second language in 1944. "Writing, reading and spelling, arithmetic, hygiene, drawing, singing, gardening, woodwork and sewing,
524:
In the early 1950s, Superintendent Ron Trudinger wrote of a "tribal home", and there was talk of a "Native Village". Through the 1950s, cultural changes did occur, with traditional ways dropped and new practices adopted. The first baptisms took place in 1952, to the sound of hymns sung in
540:) from 1954 to 1974 and continued to work for Ernabella Arts until 1986. There was deep respect and affection between the people and the staff; Hilliard was buried there, and a large contingent of Ernabella people, including the Choir, attended Edwards' funeral in Adelaide in 2015.
707:
access and community interaction. The airstrip access road is also being upgraded. By May 2019, a total of 54 kilometres (34 mi) had been constructed, including the Pukatja Airstrip Access Road, a 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) section from the Stuart Highway to
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A new health clinic was built in 2009, with extensions completed in 2012. The Nganampa Health Council (NHC), an Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Organisation, runs all of the clinics in the APY lands and runs a wide range of services.
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Duguid's idea of a "buffer zone", however, was a two-edged sword. In hindsight, although it created a safe space, it also entrenched the boundary and perhaps widened the gap between people at the Mission and wider society.
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towards the centre. At full capacity, the clinic can provide dialysis for up to 16 patients, but there is still a need for some short-stay housing to accommodate those who travel from elsewhere for treatment at Pukatja.
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379:, one of few areas of Australia to have experienced multiple large earthquakes in recorded history. In 2012 and 2013, the town experienced a 5.7 magnitude earthquake, classified as "moderate" on the
309:
at the school and church services, Ernabella was handed over to the community in 1974 and was later named Pukatja. Ernabella Arts is Australia's oldest continuously running Indigenous art centre.
3931:
4113:
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2480:
1599:
2001 Census Data on South Australia - Cat. no. 4705.0 Population Distribution, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians - companion data - * NOTE: Excel spreadsheet link *
1392:"Search results for 'Pukatja, Loca' with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and localities', 'Local Government Areas', 'SA Government Regions', 'Postcodes' and 'Gazetteer'"
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192:
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Responsibility for the administration of Ernabella Mission was formally handed over to the Ernabella Community Council – later Pukatja Community Council – on 1 January 1974.
4209:
847:, then Minister for Indigenous Health, announced increased funding for a number of health initiatives, including expanding renal health units in remote parts, through the
885:(now Monarto Safari Park). It had been estimated that there were only about 50 of the animals left in the wild. Work to monitor the species' survival was said to involve
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892:
Previously widespread throughout the ranges of central Australia, the warru is as of July 2019 South Australia's most endangered mammal, primarily due to predation by
53:
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to the local population, faced extinction, and that 15 of the wallabies had been transferred from an undisclosed location on the APY Lands and also from Pukatja, to
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733:, which was not permanently staffed, was in poor condition and due for replacement in July 2007. A month later the State Government announced that it would spend
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656:(sacred stories of country and law) in their art. Artists both young and old, including some very senior men and women, work at the centre. The award-winning
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1690:
Edwards, Bill (12 November 2014). "4. A Personal Journey with Anangu History". In Castejon, Vanessa; Cole, Anna; Haag, Oliver; Hughes, Karen (eds.).
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in the 1970s. The Ernabella artists are renowned for their batik work and printmaking. A substantial collection of Ernabella art can be seen at the
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do not observe daylight savings unlike the rest of South Australia. The time zone observed throughout the year is Australian Central Standard Time (
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Ernabella Arts is one of ten Indigenous-owned and -governed enterprises that go to make up the APY Art Centre Collective, established in 2013.
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During the 1950s and 1960s, art and craft using locally produced wool was the predominant artistic form produced by the Ernabella artists.
517:. Enrolment rose from 25 in 1940 to 200 in 1943, with daily attendance of about 45, with no compulsion to attend. Hymns and parts of the
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to purchase the Ernabella lease, an area of 500 square miles (1,300 km), despite some opposition from other members (including
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Established in 1948, Ernabella Arts remains in operation, as Australia's oldest continuously running Indigenous Art Centre.
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his death on 5 December 1986, his body was flown to Ernabella and buried among his friends in the Mission Cemetery.
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1759:"Indigenous Politics: A letter to all Australians", New Matilda Magazine (replicated on ANTaR), 8 September 2006
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365:, the major administrative centre within the APY Lands. It is about 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) by road from
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532:(1937–1946), Bill Edwards (1958–1972), John Bennett (25 years overseeing the sheep enterprise), and Deaconess
461:, after travelling in the area in the 1930s, wrote that colonisation only began there when the collection of
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chairs started operation, visiting remote Aboriginal communities across South Australia, including Pukatja,
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was perhaps the most well-known artist to work there. Other artists associated with Ernabella Arts include
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2328:"South Australia's first remote dialysis clinic changing lives for people in isolated communities"
1724:
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The supermarket is run by the Pukatja Supermarket & Associated Stores Aboriginal Corporation.
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communities, Pukatja boasted one of the highest proportions of Australian-born residents (97.5%).
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1803:
1564:"Remote South Australian town Ernabella records country's largest earthquakes two years in a row"
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stories and other aspects of culture; during the drought of 1914–1915, people had come from the
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officers' duties include liaison with and participation in the school, football team and local
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Pitjantjatjara, but there was little proselytising, and old ways co-existed alongside the new.
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1624:. Originally published in Volume 17 of the ADB (Melbourne University Press, 2007, pp. 338–340)
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Established as a Presbyterian mission in 1937 with enlightened practices which maintained the
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1771:
Parliament of Australia. House of Representatives Standing Committee on Aboriginal Affairs;
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2060:"$ 34 million package for the APY Lands" 'Minister Weatherill Media Release, 3 August 2007'
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Staff at the Mission stayed for long periods: apart from Trudinger (1940–1957), there was
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711:(Indulkana), and the 43 kilometres (27 mi) section (Stage 1) between Pukatja and
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2705:
1693:
Ngapartji Ngapartji: In turn in turn: Ego-histoire, Europe and Indigenous Australia
2351:"The remote South Australian dialysis unit keeping Aboriginal patients on country"
1956:
1723:"A Moravian Mission in Australia: Ebenezer through Ernabella eyes", Bill Edwards;
1617:
1536:
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offers Reception through to senior high school. Technical and Further Education (
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A permit is required for visitors to any community on the APY Lands, as they are
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882:
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677:
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2139:"Aboriginal women find a smartphone way for inner peace in Australia's outback"
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2684:
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278:, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being
647:, including a range of fine ceramics also produced by the Ernabella artists.
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2048:"Police Stations like ill-equipped sheds", Adelaide Advertiser, 7 July 2007
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Converting Salvation:Protestant Missionaries in Central Australia, 1930-40s
1522:
726:) facilities for the APY Lands are based at Pukatja and the other centres.
451:(then president of the Aborigines Protection League) and supported by the
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1986:
Government of Australia. Dept of Planning, Transport & Infrastructure
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652:
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was successfully introduced after several Ernabella artists travelled to
366:
334:
1839:. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Archived from
889:
and schoolchildren from Pukatja to help track the wallabies' movements.
839:, over 400 kilometres (250 mi) away. In July 2018, Health Minister
372:
The community sits at an elevation of about 703 metres (2,306 ft).
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2302:"Funding boost to tackle challenges of dialysis in Central Australia"
824:
808:
494:
402:, Pukatja had 226 residents, and was second only to sister community
2226:"Project : APY Lands Pukatja Family Wellbeing Centre Extension"
1865:
1537:"Synop Information for 94474 in Ernabella (pukatja), SA, Australia"
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2923:
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2006:
820:
712:
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518:
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The Journal of the European Association for Studies of Australia
762:
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1833:"Former Hospital, Church and Manse of former Ernabella Mission"
2029:
Government of South Australia. Technical and Further Education
893:
586:
1932:"New gallery run for and by Anangu artists opens in Adelaide"
757:
internet access, and multiple television channels including
650:
In recent years, female elders have started to depict their
500:
The desert people had always been highly mobile, and shared
2419:"Climate Statistics for Ernabella/Pukatja, South Australia"
1778:
Inquiry into the Aboriginal homelands movement in Australia
3932:
Aṉangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Land Rights Act 1981
383:
and the country's two largest earthquakes in those years.
357:
border, about 330 kilometres (210 mi) south-west of
2073:"New police stations officially opened in the APY Lands"
1415:
1413:
835:. It is run from Purple House, a renal health clinic in
481:
The mission respected the culture and traditions of the
2389:"Safeguarding South Australia's most endangered mammal"
2206:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 10 November 2009
1658:""We Grew up this Place": Ernabella Mission 1937-1974"
2077:
Australian Government. Department of Social Services
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803:Unit, a specially designed truck fitted with three
600:It has been suggested that this article should be
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155:
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137:
129:
117:
78:
34:
3653:Wapma Thura–Southern Flinders Ranges National Park
2445:− State Library of South Australia resources guide
2443:Aboriginal missions in South Australia: Ernabella
773:, and mail is delivered twice weekly by air from
395:, the population was 412, down from 503 in 2011.
1468:"Profile of the electoral division of Grey (SA)"
353:, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the
204:
513:geography and Nature Study" were all taught in
3958:List of native title claims in South Australia
4121:
3660:Wabma Kadarbu Mound Springs Conservation Park
2474:
2449:Ernabella Choir: Something old, something new
1421:"2016 Census QuickStats: Pukatja (Ernabella)"
8:
2276:"Mobile Dialysis Unit for Aboriginal people"
849:National Health and Medical Research Council
573:Ernabella Mission Hospital, Church and Manse
536:coordinated the Ernabella Craft centre (now
435:before it was established as a Presbyterian
272:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands
60:
4128:
4114:
4106:
3895:
3691:
3562:Kati Thanda-Lake Eyre National Park (part)
3441:
2873:
2481:
2467:
2459:
2413:
2411:
2409:
1860:
1858:
912:
31:
4210:Aboriginal communities in South Australia
873:In October 2007 it was reported that the
439:for Aboriginal people in 1937, driven by
2200:"New health clinic for remote Ernabella"
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
361:and 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of
3646:Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges National Park
1866:"Ernabella Arts: the oldest Art Centre"
1376:
916:Climate data for Ernabella/Pukatja, SA
3940:Laws concerning Indigenous Australians
2326:Jonscher, Samantha (9 November 2019).
2090:
1811:
1801:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1446:"District of Giles Background Profile"
703:lands owned by the Aboriginal people.
4225:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
4138:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
3390:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
2490:Aboriginal peoples of South Australia
2330:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1982:"APY Lands: Main access road upgrade"
1494:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
521:were translated into Pitjantjatjara.
223:
206:
162:Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara
7:
3618:Nullarbor Wilderness Protection Area
3597:Malkumba-Coongie Lakes National Park
2349:Blakkarly, Jarni (8 November 2019).
489:people, the two groups of the large
4001:Hindmarsh Island Bridge controversy
3583:Ikara–Flinders Ranges National Park
2387:Tucker, Alyssa-Jane (8 June 2017).
3569:Kanku-Breakaways Conservation Park
1837:South Australian Heritage Register
1622:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1363:Source: The Bureau of Meteorology
577:South Australian Heritage Register
25:
2377:, Monday, 1 October 2007, page 16
2079:. Media release. 11 November 2010
1781:. Published online 12 June 2011.
1470:. Australian Electoral Commission
555:The settlement was funded by the
321:and proximity to the border, the
4220:1938 establishments in Australia
3980:Aborigines' Friends' Association
3871:Aṉangu (Western Desert language)
2137:Jenkins, Keira (12 April 2019).
591:
59:
52:
3914:Aboriginal Lands Trust Act 1966
1618:"Duguid, Charles (1884 - 1986)"
1425:Australian Bureau of Statistics
787:has a congregation in Pukatja.
4215:Australian Aboriginal missions
3548:Elliot Price Conservation Park
2300:Liddle, Ryan (1 August 2018).
1:
3994:Avenue Range Station massacre
3611:Ngaut Ngaut Conservation Park
1930:Marsh, Walter (20 May 2019).
1562:Watson, Callie (7 May 2014).
1398:. South Australian Government
819:in the APY lands, as well as
493:bloc who now call themselves
3905:Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988
2062:'Retrieved on 8 August 2007'
1894:National Museum of Australia
1552:Sources vary from 676-705m.)
645:National Museum of Australia
3639:Strzelecki Regional Reserve
3604:Mamungari Conservation Park
3590:Innamincka Regional Reserve
3576:Lake Gairdner National Park
3555:Gawler Ranges National Park
3533:Co-managed protected areas:
3508:Indigenous protected areas:
1319:Average precipitation days
1105:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1035:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
785:Uniting Church in Australia
453:South Australian government
414:($ 174). Like a number of
4241:
4013:History of South Australia
3878:Nunga (Aboriginal English)
3674:Yumbarra Conservation Park
3625:Nullarbor Regional Reserve
3425:List of Aboriginal schools
1362:
915:
875:black-flanked rock wallaby
740:Country Fire Service (CFS)
606:into a new article titled
345:Pukatja is in the eastern
317:Due to its links with the
151:676 m (2,218 ft)
4144:
4039:
3898:
3694:
3444:
3126:Poltpalingada Booboorowie
2188:UCA List of Congregations
1910:APY Art Centre Collective
1890:Ernabella Arts collection
1736:Trudinger, David (2004).
1448:. Electoral Commission SA
1318:
1244:
1174:
1104:
1034:
964:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
567:Heritage-listed buildings
530:James Robert Beattie Love
241:
203:
47:
4205:Towns in South Australia
4136:Towns and localities of
3987:Australian frontier wars
3923:Aboriginal Witnesses Act
3632:Pureba Conservation Park
3404:Gerard Community Council
470:General Assembly of the
3784:Western Desert language
2255:Nganampa Health Council
2117:Nganampa Health Council
720:Ernabella Anangu School
491:Western Desert language
307:Pitjantjatjara language
263:
102:26.286773°S 132.13302°E
29:Town in South Australia
3839:Lower Murray languages
3411:Kupa Piṯi Kungka Tjuṯa
3309:Eileen Yaritja Stevens
2097:: CS1 maint: others (
1589:2011 Census QuickStats
1396:Location SA Map Viewer
745:There are telephones (
393:2016 Australian census
4045:By state or territory
4030:Waterloo Bay massacre
3667:Witjira National Park
3541:Dhilba Guuranda-Innes
3211:Tuppy Ngintja Goodwin
2804:Western Desert people
2164:"Contact us: Pukatja"
1656:Pybus, Carol (2015).
1525:on 27 September 2007.
548:Handover to community
406:in having the lowest
375:The area is prone to
107:-26.286773; 132.13302
3846:Thura-Yura languages
3756:Ngamini (Yarluyandi)
965:Record high °C (°F)
2375:Adelaide Advertiser
1936:The Adelaide Review
1843:on 16 February 2016
1747:ANU doctoral thesis
1515:"Pukatja community"
1175:Record low °C (°F)
887:Aboriginal trackers
472:Presbyterian Church
193:Federal division(s)
181:State electorate(s)
98: /
67:Pukatja (Ernabella)
36:Pukatja (Ernabella)
4058:Northern Territory
3814:Yarli (Malyangapa)
3418:Maralinga Tjarutja
3274:Lowitja O'Donoghue
2608:Maralinga Tjarutja
2453:Education Horizons
799:In 2014, a Mobile
575:are listed on the
563:during the 1980s.
557:federal government
355:Northern Territory
319:Northern Territory
4192:
4191:
4103:
4102:
4093:Western Australia
3967:
3966:
3887:
3886:
3683:
3682:
3344:Natasha Wanganeen
3246:Natascha McNamara
3092:
3091:
2563:, (including the
1906:"Our Art Centres"
1749:. pp. 54–58.
1367:
1366:
658:Dickie Minyintiri
630:
629:
534:Winifred Hilliard
445:Aboriginal rights
270:community in the
249:
248:
245:
244:
16:(Redirected from
4232:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4107:
4095:
4088:
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4015:
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4005:Royal Commission
3996:
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3960:
3942:
3935:
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3896:
3880:
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3831:Language groups:
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3523:Mount Willoughby
3518:
3500:
3493:
3486:
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3452:
3442:
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3420:
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3406:
3399:
3392:
3374:
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3360:
3353:
3351:Ginger Wikilyiri
3346:
3339:
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3311:
3304:
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3290:
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3276:
3269:
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3255:
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3227:
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3199:
3197:Stevie Goldsmith
3192:
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2069:
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2057:
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2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2011:Ernabella school
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1978:
1972:
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1773:Blanchard, Allen
1768:
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1579:
1577:
1575:
1570:. The Advertiser
1559:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1521:. Archived from
1511:
1505:
1504:
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1500:
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1403:
1388:
913:
858:
729:The old Pukatja
625:
622:
595:
594:
587:
431:Ernabella was a
329:), in line with
205:
113:
112:
110:
109:
108:
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91:
63:
62:
56:
43:
37:
32:
21:
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4194:
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4188:
4140:
4134:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4072:South Australia
4070:
4063:
4056:
4051:New South Wales
4049:
4044:
4035:
4028:
4018:
4011:
3999:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3963:
3956:
3945:
3938:
3929:
3920:
3911:
3902:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3792:Yankunytjatjara
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3623:
3616:
3609:
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3595:
3588:
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3574:
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3553:
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3539:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3455:
3448:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3337:Gavin Wanganeen
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3169:Kevin Buzzacott
3167:
3160:
3153:
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3139:
3132:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3088:
3081:
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2907:
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2837:
2832:Yankunytjatjara
2830:
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2760:
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2492:
2487:
2439:
2437:Further reading
2434:
2433:
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2421:
2417:
2416:
2407:
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2257:
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2244:
2234:
2232:
2230:Cordell Connect
2224:
2223:
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2209:
2207:
2198:
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2186:
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2170:
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2018:
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2004:
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1990:
1988:
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1965:
1963:
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1722:
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1706:
1704:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1660:
1655:
1654:
1637:
1627:
1625:
1616:Edwards, W. H.
1615:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1556:
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1004:
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994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
906:
871:
866:
856:
793:
697:
682:Tjunkaya Tapaya
674:Angkuna Kulyuru
666:Milyika Carroll
626:
620:
617:
596:
592:
585:
569:
550:
487:Yankunytjatjara
437:mission station
429:
424:
412:South Australia
389:
347:Musgrave Ranges
343:
315:
276:South Australia
236:
231:
226:
219:Annual rainfall
106:
104:
100:
97:
92:
89:
87:
85:
84:
74:
73:
72:
71:
70:
69:
68:
64:
41:South Australia
39:
38:
35:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4238:
4236:
4228:
4227:
4222:
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4133:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4110:
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4097:
4096:
4089:
4082:
4075:
4068:
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4054:
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4026:
4016:
4009:
3997:
3990:
3983:
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3888:
3885:
3884:
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3866:
3864:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3856:
3853:Sign languages
3849:
3842:
3834:
3832:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3788:Pitjantjatjara
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3695:
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3593:
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3509:
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3501:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3453:
3445:
3439:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3400:
3397:Aṉangu schools
3393:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3372:Tjayanka Woods
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3302:Tauto Sansbury
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3190:Gladys Elphick
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3155:Shaun Burgoyne
3151:
3148:Peter Burgoyne
3144:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3119:Maringka Baker
3115:
3108:
3100:
3098:
3097:Notable people
3094:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3079:
3077:(Point McLeay)
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3014:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
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2991:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2962:
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2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
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2912:
2905:
2898:
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2883:
2881:
2871:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2755:Pitjantjatjara
2751:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
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2611:
2604:
2597:
2590:
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2576:
2569:
2557:
2550:
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2500:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2488:
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2478:
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2446:
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2432:
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2405:
2379:
2367:
2341:
2318:
2292:
2267:
2242:
2217:
2191:
2180:
2155:
2129:
2104:
2064:
2052:
2041:
2016:
1998:
1973:
1948:
1922:
1897:
1882:
1870:Ernabella Arts
1854:
1824:
1812:|website=
1787:
1775:(March 1987).
1763:
1752:
1728:
1716:
1702:
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1026:
1021:
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949:
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943:
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937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
918:
917:
911:
905:
902:
870:
867:
865:
862:
792:
789:
759:SBS Television
731:police station
696:
693:
686:Harry Tjutjuna
628:
627:
609:Ernabella Arts
599:
597:
590:
584:
583:Ernabella Arts
581:
568:
565:
549:
546:
538:Ernabella Arts
515:Pitjantjatjara
483:Pitjantjatjara
459:Ernestine Hill
449:Charles Duguid
441:medical doctor
433:pastoral lease
428:
425:
423:
420:
388:
385:
351:Stuart Highway
349:, west of the
342:
339:
314:
311:
260:Pitjantjatjara
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
228:
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200:
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127:
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58:
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51:
50:
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28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4237:
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4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4108:
4094:
4090:
4087:
4083:
4080:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4048:
4043:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3959:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3818:
3815:
3811:
3808:
3804:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:Adnyamathanha
3697:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3675:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3391:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:Organisations
3380:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:James Unaipon
3327:
3324:
3323:David Unaipon
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:Frances Rings
3285:
3282:
3281:Alitya Rigney
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:Lewis O'Brien
3264:
3261:
3260:Betty Muffler
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3239:Tjungkara Ken
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3184:
3183:Nyakul Dawson
3180:
3177:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3162:Hector Burton
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:Iris Burgoyne
3138:
3135:
3134:Jack Buckskin
3131:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3041:
3040:Killalpaninna
3037:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3007:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:Yawarrawarrka
2850:
2847:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2665:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2650:Ngaanyatjarra
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2505:Adnyamathanha
2502:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2472:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2461:
2454:
2451:- article in
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2394:
2390:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2356:
2352:
2345:
2342:
2329:
2322:
2319:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2231:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2181:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2130:
2118:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2042:
2030:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1949:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1883:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1805:
1790:
1788:0-644-06201-0
1784:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1705:
1703:9781925021738
1699:
1695:
1694:
1686:
1683:
1670:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1623:
1619:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1469:
1463:
1460:
1447:
1441:
1438:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1247:precipitation
1243:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1173:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
963:
919:
914:
910:
903:
901:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
868:
863:
861:
855:which raised
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:Alice Springs
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
790:
788:
786:
781:
778:
776:
775:Alice Springs
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
743:
741:
736:
732:
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
704:
702:
694:
692:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
670:Malpiya Davey
667:
663:
662:Yilpi Adamson
659:
655:
654:
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
624:
615:
611:
610:
605:
604:
598:
589:
588:
582:
580:
578:
574:
566:
564:
562:
558:
553:
547:
545:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
522:
520:
516:
510:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
479:
477:
473:
467:
464:
460:
456:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
426:
421:
419:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
386:
384:
382:
381:Richter scale
378:
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
359:Alice Springs
356:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
312:
310:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
240:
234:
229:
224:
220:
217:
215:
214:Mean min temp
212:
210:
209:Mean max temp
207:
202:
199:
196:
194:
190:
187:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
170:
166:
163:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
83:
81:
77:
55:
46:
42:
33:
27:
19:
4173:
4169:Pipalyatjara
4020:
3930:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3807:Yandruwandha
3777:Wangkangurru
3763:Ngarrindjeri
3498:Wati-kutjara
3468:
3464:
3460:
3365:Chad Wingard
3358:Norah Wilson
3316:Moogy Sumner
3218:Ruby Hammond
3176:Vince Copley
3128:(Tom Walker)
3068:Point Pearce
2965:
2959:Pipalyatjara
2839:Yardliyawara
2825:Yandruwandha
2706:Ngarrindjeri
2452:
2422:. Retrieved
2396:. Retrieved
2392:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:
2344:
2332:. Retrieved
2321:
2309:. Retrieved
2305:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2279:
2270:
2258:. Retrieved
2254:
2251:"Who we are"
2245:
2233:. Retrieved
2229:
2220:
2208:. Retrieved
2203:
2194:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:
2158:
2146:. Retrieved
2142:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2116:
2107:
2081:. Retrieved
2076:
2067:
2055:
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:
1976:
1964:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1935:
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:
1900:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1869:
1845:. Retrieved
1841:the original
1836:
1827:
1792:. Retrieved
1777:
1766:
1755:
1738:
1731:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1692:
1685:
1673:. Retrieved
1668:
1664:
1626:. Retrieved
1621:
1595:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1568:Adelaide Now
1567:
1557:
1549:
1540:. Retrieved
1531:
1523:the original
1518:
1509:
1497:. Retrieved
1493:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1462:
1450:. Retrieved
1440:
1428:. Retrieved
1424:
1400:. Retrieved
1395:
1249:mm (inches)
907:
891:
878:
872:
853:
798:
794:
782:
779:
744:
742:activities.
728:
717:
705:
698:
690:
651:
649:
634:
631:
618:
607:
601:
570:
554:
551:
542:
527:
523:
511:
499:
480:
468:
457:
430:
407:
397:
390:
374:
371:
344:
333:rather than
316:
304:
284:Pipalyatjara
255:
251:
250:
218:
213:
208:
26:
3786:(dialects:
3707:Antakirinja
3484:Muldjewangk
3457:'Dreamtime'
3438:and culture
3295:Nura Rupert
3253:Patty Mills
3225:Ruby Hunter
3204:Adam Goodes
3112:Jimmy Baker
3105:Ian Abdulla
3027:(Umeewarra)
2968:(Ernabella)
2870:Communities
2818:Wongkanguru
2776:Tanganekald
2561:Jarildekald
2512:Antakirinja
2424:11 February
2393:Monarto Zoo
2360:10 November
2334:10 November
2311:10 November
2025:"Ernabella"
1847:12 February
883:Monarto Zoo
877:, known as
833:Leigh Creek
829:Coober Pedy
751:smartphones
678:Nura Rupert
571:The former
506:Mann Ranges
447:campaigner
400:2001 census
377:earthquakes
139:Postcode(s)
130:Established
123:2016 census
105: /
93:132°07′59″E
80:Coordinates
4199:Categories
4065:Queensland
3061:Oak Valley
2988:Yunyarinyi
2860:Yirawirung
2846:Yarluyandi
2783:Thangkaali
2769:Ramindjeri
2685:Ngangaruku
2615:Mardidjali
2601:Malyangapa
2540:Bungandidj
2533:Bodaruwitj
1726:(dead-url)
1371:References
898:feral cats
857:A$ 170,000
695:Facilities
561:outstation
476:John Flynn
410:income in
408:per capita
387:Population
268:Aboriginal
254:(formerly
121:412 (
118:Population
90:26°17′12″S
4159:Indulkana
3770:Paakantyi
3721:Barngarla
3688:Languages
3477:Tjilbruke
3469:tjukurrpa
3465:mura-mura
3054:Nepabunna
3025:Davenport
3018:Colebrook
3010:Poonindie
2902:Indulkana
2878:APY Lands
2762:Portaulun
2741:Peramangk
2664:Ngayawang
2622:Meintangk
2573:Karangura
2565:Mulbarapa
2526:Barngarla
2280:SA Health
1957:"Permits"
1814:ignored (
1804:cite book
1794:16 August
1696:. Ebook.
1490:"Pukatja"
1474:13 August
851:(NHMRC).
845:Ken Wyatt
841:Greg Hunt
641:Indonesia
621:July 2019
502:Dreamtime
416:APY Lands
341:Geography
323:APY Lands
313:Time zone
296:Indulkana
256:Ernabella
235:274.3 mm
174:Far North
148:Elevation
4154:Kaltjiti
4086:Victoria
4079:Tasmania
4023:massacre
3749:Ngadjuri
3742:Narungga
3491:Ngiṉṯaka
3436:Religion
3232:Ivaritji
3047:Koonibba
2945:Mintabie
2918:(Fregon)
2916:Kaltjiti
2748:Pilatapa
2727:Ngurunta
2720:Ngintait
2692:Ngaralda
2657:Ngadjuri
2636:Narungga
2355:SBS News
2204:ABC News
2093:cite web
1941:15 March
1915:16 March
1519:Waru.org
1430:13 March
1402:18 April
1314:(10.80)
1245:Average
1030:(110.3)
1025:(110.3)
1020:(106.2)
1015:(102.9)
985:(101.3)
980:(109.4)
975:(109.2)
970:(109.4)
813:Kaltjiti
805:dialysis
801:Dialysis
747:landline
701:freehold
653:Tjukurpa
367:Adelaide
335:Adelaide
327:UTC+9:30
292:Kaltjiti
266:) is an
230:11.8 °C
225:26.8 °C
4184:Watarru
4174:Pukatja
3972:History
3800:Wirangu
3714:Arabana
3516:Watarru
3471:, etc.)
3450:Arkaroo
3075:Raukkan
2981:Watarru
2966:Pukatja
2952:Nyapaṟi
2811:Wirangu
2713:Ngawadj
2699:Ngarkat
2678:Ngameni
2629:Mirning
2587:Kokatha
2547:Dhirari
2519:Arabana
2497:Peoples
2398:12 July
2285:12 July
2260:12 July
2235:12 July
2210:12 July
2173:12 July
2168:Mairuwu
2148:12 July
2122:12 July
2034:12 July
1991:12 July
1966:12 July
1875:11 July
1675:11 July
1574:12 July
1542:11 July
1499:11 July
1452:18 July
1309:(1.15)
1304:(0.86)
1299:(0.94)
1294:(0.47)
1289:(0.55)
1284:(0.48)
1279:(0.66)
1274:(0.75)
1269:(0.77)
1264:(1.05)
1259:(1.40)
1254:(1.72)
1240:(18.3)
1235:(47.3)
1230:(40.1)
1225:(32.5)
1220:(28.4)
1215:(23.2)
1210:(18.3)
1205:(22.1)
1200:(27.5)
1195:(35.1)
1190:(43.3)
1185:(44.6)
1180:(44.6)
1170:(53.2)
1165:(65.5)
1160:(60.8)
1155:(54.7)
1150:(47.5)
1145:(40.3)
1140:(37.9)
1135:(40.3)
1130:(45.0)
1125:(52.9)
1120:(61.9)
1115:(66.6)
1110:(67.5)
1100:(80.2)
1095:(93.2)
1090:(88.3)
1085:(83.1)
1080:(75.9)
1075:(68.4)
1070:(64.0)
1065:(64.8)
1060:(70.3)
1055:(79.5)
1050:(88.3)
1045:(92.3)
1040:(94.1)
1010:(98.2)
1005:(90.0)
1000:(84.7)
995:(81.9)
990:(93.2)
904:Climate
767:Imparja
709:Iwantja
614:discuss
427:Mission
422:History
398:In the
391:In the
264:Anapala
252:Pukatja
237:10.8 in
133:c. 1938
18:Pukatja
4164:Mimili
3950:Cases:
3863:Words:
3735:Kaurna
3083:Yalata
3033:Gerard
3006:Akenta
2998:Other:
2938:Mimili
2931:Makiri
2790:Wailpi
2734:Nukunu
2671:Ngalia
2594:Kuyani
2580:Kaurna
2455:, 2009
2083:6 July
2007:"Home"
1961:Anangu
1785:
1709:6 July
1700:
1628:2 July
921:Month
831:, and
825:Yalata
809:Mimili
791:Health
684:, and
559:as an
495:Anangu
404:Mimili
331:Darwin
300:Mimili
288:Fregon
169:Region
157:LGA(s)
4179:Umuwa
4149:Amata
4021:Maria
3728:Dieri
2974:Umuwa
2924:Kaṉpi
2909:Kalka
2895:Iltur
2888:Amaṯa
2797:Warki
2554:Dieri
2113:"FAQ"
1743:(PDF)
1661:(PDF)
1550:Note:
1358:38.1
1312:274.3
960:Year
894:foxes
879:warru
869:Warru
864:Fauna
821:Marla
817:Amata
713:Umuwa
637:Batik
603:split
519:Bible
463:dingo
363:Umuwa
280:Amata
232:53 °F
227:80 °F
186:Giles
3892:Laws
3821:Yuyu
3461:muda
2643:Nauo
2426:2012
2400:2019
2362:2019
2336:2019
2313:2019
2306:NITV
2287:2019
2262:2019
2237:2019
2212:2019
2175:2019
2150:2019
2143:NITV
2124:2019
2099:link
2085:2019
2036:2019
1993:2019
1968:2019
1943:2020
1917:2020
1877:2019
1849:2016
1816:help
1796:2020
1783:ISBN
1711:2019
1698:ISBN
1677:2019
1630:2019
1576:2019
1544:2019
1501:2019
1476:2019
1454:2019
1432:2020
1404:2019
1355:3.9
1352:4.4
1349:3.5
1346:2.2
1343:2.8
1340:2.3
1337:3.4
1334:3.3
1331:2.5
1328:3.0
1325:3.3
1322:3.5
1307:29.1
1302:21.8
1297:23.9
1292:11.9
1287:14.0
1282:12.3
1277:16.8
1272:19.1
1267:19.5
1262:26.6
1257:35.5
1252:43.7
1238:−7.6
1218:−2.0
1213:−4.9
1208:−7.6
1203:−5.5
1198:−2.5
1168:11.8
1163:18.6
1158:16.0
1153:12.6
1123:11.6
1118:16.6
1113:19.2
1108:19.7
1098:26.8
1093:34.0
1088:31.3
1083:28.4
1078:24.4
1073:20.2
1068:17.8
1063:18.2
1058:21.3
1053:26.4
1048:31.3
1043:33.5
1038:34.5
1028:43.5
1023:43.5
1018:41.2
1013:39.4
1008:36.8
1003:32.2
998:29.3
993:27.7
988:34.0
983:38.5
978:43.0
973:42.9
968:43.0
957:Dec
954:Nov
951:Oct
948:Sep
945:Aug
942:Jul
939:Jun
936:May
933:Apr
930:Mar
927:Feb
924:Jan
896:and
843:and
815:and
783:The
769:and
763:NITV
755:ADSL
749:and
724:TAFE
718:The
485:and
443:and
298:and
198:Grey
143:0872
1821:PDF
1671:(1)
1233:8.5
1228:4.5
1223:0.3
1193:1.7
1188:6.3
1183:7.0
1178:7.0
1148:8.6
1143:4.6
1138:3.3
1133:4.6
1128:7.2
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735:A$
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