461:
64:
42:
518:
Mature sow thistle stems can range from 30 cm to 2 m (1 to 6 ft) tall, depending upon species and growing conditions. Coloration ranges from green to purple in older plants. Sow thistles exude a milky
1723:. Gardeners may consider this a benefit or a curse; aphids may spread from sow thistle to other plants, but alternatively the sow thistle can encourage the growth of beneficial predators such as
460:
1910:
2045:
2548:
1937:
and five related genera in the
Macaronesian islands: Molecular evidence for extensive radiation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93:7743-7748.
2587:
523:
when any part of the plant is cut or damaged, and it is from this fact that the plants obtained the common name, "sow thistle", as they were fed to lactating
1707:, and this lettuce-relative is edible and nutritious to humans—in fact this is the meaning of the second part of the Latin name of the common sow thistle,
1711:. Attempts at weed control by herbicidal use, to the neglect of other methods, may have led to a proliferation of these species in some environments.
2486:
2561:
2499:
2623:
2126:
2191:
2751:
2395:
1834:
2277:
2267:
2229:
2169:
2698:
2400:
2535:
2672:
2199:
2021:
2566:
1696:. However, sow thistles are easily uprooted by hand, and their soft stems present little resistance to slashing or mowing.
2574:
2154:
2000:
2746:
2369:
2078:
1964:
440:). Sowthistles are annual, biennial or perennial herbs, with or without rhizomes and a few are even woody (subgenus
2731:
2677:
2636:
2105:
2100:
550:
2592:
2756:
2074:
1960:
1897:
231:
996:
63:
2741:
1989:
1245:
2641:
2473:
1496:
1457:
1310:
1235:
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1205:
1041:
977:
967:
927:
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1536:
1443:
1379:
1340:
1330:
1141:
1131:
907:
817:
787:
767:
727:
717:
707:
632:
583:
1676:, the perennial sow thistle, is considered the most economically detrimental, as it can crowd commercial
1566:
1424:
1260:
1195:
1175:
1091:
1081:
897:
837:
687:
2478:
2452:
2060:
1948:
1636:
1516:
1471:
1404:
1370:
1031:
937:
827:
593:
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1596:
1556:
1546:
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1414:
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568:
2703:
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1320:
917:
847:
737:
603:
2602:
2408:
1280:
1165:
1061:
857:
667:
1921:
1616:
987:
1933:
For a recent review of woody species, see Seung-Chul Kim et al. (1996). "A common origin for woody
1225:
1215:
1051:
957:
947:
887:
747:
647:
500:
177:
2685:
2628:
2460:
2130:
2039:
1977:
1750:
1626:
1576:
1185:
1111:
867:
757:
697:
273:
58:
531:
production would increase. Sow thistles are known as "milk thistles" in some regions, although
2610:
2553:
2382:
2273:
2263:
2235:
2225:
2195:
2027:
2017:
1770:
1728:
1606:
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1394:
1300:
1290:
1270:
1121:
1021:
877:
777:
210:
50:
2726:
2615:
2527:
1785:, hence the other common names of "hare thistle" or "hare lettuce". They are also edible to
1672:
1506:
797:
613:
1870:
Lectotype designated by N. L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 3: 316 (1913).
2293:
2215:
2187:
2158:
1646:
559:
101:
2283:
1818:
2439:
2288:
41:
2736:
2465:
2272:
Low, Tim. Wild Herbs of
Australia and New Zealand. Rev. ed. Angus and Robertson, 1991.
1794:
1790:
1745:
1434:
1011:
472:
445:
88:
2073:. Vol. 19. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
2016:. Keil, David J., Murrell, Zack E. (5th ed.). Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co.
2720:
2350:
2300:
1775:
1758:
623:
488:
216:
194:
157:
2068:
1883:
2690:
1837:. Edible raw when young, the older greens can also be eaten after cooking briefly.
1762:
1663:
532:
202:
2387:
2374:
2361:
2664:
2579:
2512:
2344:
1814:
1740:
1677:
2151:
1854:
480:
425:
421:
167:
147:
2335:
2434:
2421:
2031:
1700:
512:
137:
17:
2654:
475:
for such plants. All are characterized by soft, somewhat irregularly lobed
2239:
1666:, as they grow quickly in a wide range of conditions and their wind-borne
2649:
2329:
1892:
1754:
1724:
1681:
127:
114:
2491:
1798:
537:
504:
479:
that clasp the stem and, at least initially, form a basal rosette. The
449:
2517:
1782:
1720:
1689:
508:
492:
476:
2306:
491:
are yellow and range in size from half to one inch in diameter; the
2426:
1822:
1786:
1736:
1704:
520:
484:
459:
75:
2540:
1855:"Evolutionary comparison of the chloroplast genome in the woody
1693:
1692:, and can regrow and sprout additional plants from its creeping
1685:
1667:
528:
2310:
1853:
Cho, M. S., Yang, J. Y., Yang, T. J., & Kim, S. C. (2019).
503:. Sow thistles are common roadside plants, and while native to
2413:
1766:
524:
1781:
Sow thistles have been used as fodder, particularly for
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family
Asteraceae
2141:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
2067:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1922:
Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species
Plantarum 2: 793-795
2319:
2188:
2257:Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007).
1703:will readily devour sow thistle in preference to
2224:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 208.
1980:photos and distribution maps for several species
1911:Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
1859:alliance (Asteraceae) on the Canary Islands."
1727:. In this regard sow thistles make excellent
8:
2070:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
2044:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1821:. When cooked the flavour is reminiscent of
420:is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe
2284:Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board
1959:. Vol. 20–21 – via eFloras.org,
1797:but young leaves have a flavour similar to
1242:- also known as Kirkianella novae-zelandiae
2307:
1662:In many areas sow thistles are considered
549:The following 106 species are accepted by
40:
31:
1688:, may deplete soil water of land left to
2259:Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico
1978:Altervista Flora Italiana genere Sonchus
1719:Sow thistles are common host plants for
1190:(Bertero ex Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
1116:(Bertero ex Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
2261:. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press.
1846:
1735:species are used as food plants by the
2184:Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidea)
2037:
2192:Royal Entomological Society of London
2139:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
992:Chandrab., V.Chandras. & N.C.Nair
511:, they are found almost worldwide in
7:
2678:1522ffef-31bf-498a-852d-90c448ea4d41
2603:19147c06-93cd-4bfe-9284-62d7f8cc0a15
1813:) it is a traditional food eaten in
1200:(Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
932:(Boulos) U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
1878:
1876:
2294:Botanical.com — sow-thistles
1835:indigenous people of North America
1315:J.G.Costa ex R.Jardim & M.Seq.
732:(Font Quer) N.Kilian & Greuter
535:more commonly refers to the genus
499:fruits are single-seeded, dry and
467:in the Canary Island of La Gomera.
25:
2221:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
2642:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:327341-2
2170:Management of common sow thistle
62:
2289:Perennial Sowthistle Fact-Sheet
1793:; old leaves and stalks can be
1439:(Skottsb.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
1670:allow them to spread rapidly.
1481:(Svent.) A.Santos & Mejías
1:
1833:The greens were eaten by the
1230:(Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
742:(R.E.Fr.) Boulos ex C.Jeffrey
652:(Decne.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
471:The genus is named after the
2301:SOW and PRICKLY SOW THISTLES
1399:(Johow) S.C.Kim & Mejías
1036:(Lowe) R.Jardim & M.Seq.
1026:(Phil.) S.C.Kim & Mejías
2752:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2298:Tamar Valley Weed Strategy
2157:September 17, 2010, at the
2152:Arthur Lee Jacobson website
2079:Harvard University Herbaria
1965:Harvard University Herbaria
1947:Shi, Zhu; Kilian, Norbert.
1641:U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
1561:U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
642:U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
326:U.Reifenb. & A.Reifenb.
2773:
2106:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2101:Plants of the World Online
2012:R., Walters, Dirk (2006).
551:Plants of the World Online
428:and are commonly known as
2075:Missouri Botanical Garden
2059:Hyatt, Philip E. (2006).
1990:Atlas of Living Australia
1961:Missouri Botanical Garden
1898:Missouri Botanical Garden
1680:, is a heavy consumer of
279:
272:
228:
223:
208:
201:
59:Scientific classification
57:
48:
39:
34:
598:Nazarova & Barsegyan
2172:, Queensland Government
2014:Vascular plant taxonomy
1774:is known to attack the
1236:Sonchus novae-zelandiae
553:as of March 2023.
2190:. Vol. 10 pt 5a.
2077:, St. Louis, MO &
1963:, St. Louis, MO &
1551:Zohary & P.H.Davis
1497:Sonchus schweinfurthii
1331:Sonchus phoeniciformis
1311:Sonchus parathalassius
1086:Boulos & C.Jeffrey
832:N.Kilian & Greuter
708:Sonchus brassicifolius
468:
1587:Sonchus transcaspicus
1206:Sonchus microcephalus
1042:Sonchus leptocephalus
978:Sonchus jacottetianus
968:Sonchus integrifolius
928:Sonchus heterophyllus
495:are all of ray type.
463:
2182:White, I.M. (1984).
1801:. Going by the name
1537:Sonchus stenophyllus
1531:S.C.Kim & Mejías
1511:S.C.Kim & Mejías
1341:Sonchus pinnatifidus
1335:S.C.Kim & Mejías
1240:(Hook.f.) B.D.Jacks.
1166:Sonchus megalocarpus
1142:Sonchus mauritanicus
1132:Sonchus masguindalii
1066:S.C.Kim & Mejías
1062:Sonchus lobatiflorus
908:Sonchus grandifolius
818:Sonchus erzincanicus
788:Sonchus crassifolius
768:Sonchus cavanillesii
728:Sonchus bupleuroides
718:Sonchus briquetianus
712:S.C.Kim & Mejías
668:Sonchus bornmuelleri
584:Sonchus afromontanus
2747:New Zealand cuisine
2194:. pp. 134 pp.
1567:Sonchus tectifolius
1467:Popov ex Kovalevsk.
1425:Sonchus regis-jubae
1375:Webb & Berthel.
1325:(Sch.Bip.) Sennikov
1261:Sonchus obtusilobus
1226:Sonchus neriifolius
1196:Sonchus microcarpus
1176:Sonchus melanolepis
1170:(Hook.f.) J.M.Black
1136:Pau & Font Quer
1092:Sonchus maculigerus
1082:Sonchus macrocarpus
1076:(R.E.Fr.) C.Jeffrey
958:Sonchus hydrophilus
898:Sonchus gomeraensis
838:Sonchus fauces-orci
748:Sonchus canariensis
688:Sonchus brachylobus
648:Sonchus berteroanus
527:in the belief that
350:(Skottsb.) Skottsb.
286:(Sch.Bip.) Bramwell
1861:Genes, 10(3), 217.
1751:broad-barred white
1729:sacrificial plants
1637:Sonchus wildpretii
1627:Sonchus wightianus
1577:Sonchus tenerrimus
1517:Sonchus sosnowskyi
1405:Sonchus pustulatus
1371:Sonchus platylepis
1186:Sonchus micranthus
1146:Boiss. & Reut.
1112:Sonchus marginatus
1032:Sonchus latifolius
938:Sonchus hierrensis
868:Sonchus fruticosus
828:Sonchus esperanzae
758:Sonchus capillaris
698:Sonchus brachyotus
594:Sonchus araraticus
469:
465:Sonchus hierrensis
444:restricted to the
424:within the family
2732:Asteraceae genera
2714:
2713:
2611:Open Tree of Life
2313:Taxon identifiers
1771:Tephritis formosa
1607:Sonchus ustulatus
1597:Sonchus tuberifer
1557:Sonchus sventenii
1547:Sonchus suberosus
1527:Sonchus splendens
1501:Oliv. & Hiern
1487:Sonchus saudensis
1415:Sonchus radicatus
1395:Sonchus pruinatus
1301:Sonchus palustris
1291:Sonchus palmensis
1271:Sonchus oleraceus
1122:Sonchus maritimus
1102:Sonchus malayanus
1072:Sonchus luxurians
1022:Sonchus laceratus
892:Boulos ex Humbert
878:Sonchus gandogeri
808:Sonchus dregeanus
778:Sonchus congestus
678:Sonchus bourgeaui
658:Sonchus bipontini
483:contains a milky
413:
412:
407:
399:
391:
390:(Sch.Bip.) Svent.
383:
375:
367:
359:
351:
343:
335:
327:
319:
311:
303:
295:
287:
211:Sonchus oleraceus
197:
51:Sonchus oleraceus
16:(Redirected from
2764:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2681:
2680:
2668:
2667:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2606:
2605:
2596:
2595:
2583:
2582:
2580:NHMSYS0000463784
2570:
2569:
2557:
2556:
2544:
2543:
2531:
2530:
2521:
2520:
2508:
2507:
2495:
2494:
2482:
2481:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2455:
2443:
2442:
2430:
2429:
2417:
2416:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2308:
2262:
2244:
2243:
2216:Angier, Bradford
2212:
2206:
2205:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2133:Sonchus arvensis
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2081:, Cambridge, MA.
2056:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2035:
2009:
2003:
2001:Flora Zambesiaca
1998:
1992:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1967:, Cambridge, MA.
1944:
1938:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1880:
1871:
1868:
1862:
1851:
1673:Sonchus arvensis
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1507:Sonchus sinuatus
1502:
1492:
1482:
1468:
1454:
1440:
1430:
1420:
1410:
1400:
1390:
1376:
1366:
1361:Sonchus pitardii
1356:
1351:Sonchus pinnatus
1346:
1336:
1326:
1321:Sonchus pendulus
1316:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1147:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
1002:jaquiniocephalus
993:
983:
973:
963:
953:
943:
933:
923:
918:Sonchus gummifer
913:
903:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
848:Sonchus fragilis
843:
833:
823:
813:
803:
798:Sonchus daltonii
793:
792:Pourr. ex Willd.
783:
773:
763:
753:
743:
738:Sonchus camporum
733:
723:
713:
703:
693:
683:
673:
663:
653:
643:
629:
619:
614:Sonchus arvensis
609:
604:Sonchus arboreus
599:
589:
579:
565:
405:
398:(Sch.Bip.) Kirp.
397:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
283:Chrysoprenanthes
193:
67:
66:
44:
32:
21:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2742:Leaf vegetables
2717:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2599:
2591:
2586:
2578:
2573:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2547:
2539:
2534:
2526:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2503:
2498:
2490:
2485:
2477:
2472:
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2459:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2433:
2425:
2420:
2412:
2407:
2399:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2373:
2368:
2360:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2315:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2232:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2164:
2159:Wayback Machine
2150:
2146:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2110:
2108:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2058:
2057:
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2036:
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1945:
1941:
1932:
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1909:
1905:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1831:
1778:of this plant.
1717:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1647:Sonchus wilmsii
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1466:
1452:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1408:
1398:
1388:
1374:
1364:
1354:
1344:
1334:
1324:
1314:
1304:
1294:
1284:
1281:Sonchus ortunoi
1274:
1264:
1254:
1251:novocastellanus
1239:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1145:
1135:
1125:
1115:
1105:
1095:
1085:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1035:
1025:
1015:
1005:
991:
981:
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
901:
891:
881:
871:
861:
858:Sonchus friesii
851:
841:
831:
821:
811:
801:
791:
781:
771:
761:
751:
741:
731:
721:
711:
701:
691:
681:
671:
661:
651:
641:
627:
617:
607:
597:
587:
577:
563:
560:Sonchus acaulis
547:
458:
432:(less commonly
219:
214:
192:
61:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2770:
2768:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2719:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2695:
2691:wfo-4000035760
2682:
2669:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2597:
2584:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2522:
2509:
2496:
2483:
2470:
2457:
2444:
2431:
2418:
2405:
2392:
2379:
2366:
2356:
2341:
2325:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2270:
2252:
2251:External links
2249:
2246:
2245:
2230:
2207:
2200:
2174:
2162:
2144:
2118:
2084:
2051:
2022:
2004:
1993:
1982:
1970:
1957:Flora of China
1939:
1926:
1914:
1903:
1872:
1863:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1830:
1827:
1791:leaf vegetable
1746:Celypha rufana
1716:
1713:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1617:Sonchus webbii
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1469:
1455:
1441:
1435:Sonchus regius
1431:
1421:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1377:
1367:
1357:
1347:
1337:
1327:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1243:
1232:
1222:
1220:Sond. ex Harv.
1212:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1148:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1098:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1048:
1038:
1028:
1018:
1012:Sonchus kirkii
1008:
994:
988:Sonchus jainii
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
904:
894:
884:
874:
864:
854:
844:
834:
824:
814:
804:
794:
784:
774:
764:
754:
744:
734:
724:
714:
704:
694:
684:
674:
664:
654:
644:
630:
620:
610:
600:
590:
580:
566:
555:
546:
543:
457:
454:
446:Canary Islands
442:Dendrosonchus,
411:
410:
409:
408:
400:
395:Acanthosonchus
392:
387:Lactucosonchus
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
277:
276:
270:
269:
268:
267:
258:
249:
240:
226:
225:
221:
220:
215:
206:
205:
199:
198:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
125:
118:
117:
112:
105:
104:
99:
92:
91:
86:
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2769:
2758:
2757:Māori cuisine
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2705:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2278:0-207-17001-0
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:0-89672-614-2
2265:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2231:0-8117-0616-8
2227:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1664:noxious weeds
1657:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1295:(Webb) Boulos
1293:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:Sonchus nanus
1213:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1052:Sonchus lidii
1049:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
989:
985:
980:
979:
975:
970:
969:
965:
960:
959:
955:
950:
949:
948:Sonchus hotha
945:
942:(Pit.) Boulos
940:
939:
935:
930:
929:
925:
920:
919:
915:
910:
909:
905:
900:
899:
895:
890:
889:
888:Sonchus gigas
885:
880:
879:
875:
870:
869:
865:
860:
859:
855:
850:
849:
845:
840:
839:
835:
830:
829:
825:
820:
819:
815:
810:
809:
805:
800:
799:
795:
790:
789:
785:
780:
779:
775:
770:
769:
765:
760:
759:
755:
752:(Webb) Boulos
750:
749:
745:
740:
739:
735:
730:
729:
725:
720:
719:
715:
710:
709:
705:
700:
699:
695:
690:
689:
685:
680:
679:
675:
670:
669:
665:
660:
659:
655:
650:
649:
645:
640:
639:
635:
631:
626:
625:
624:Sonchus asper
621:
616:
615:
611:
606:
605:
601:
596:
595:
591:
586:
585:
581:
576:
575:
571:
567:
562:
561:
557:
556:
554:
552:
544:
542:
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
516:
514:
510:
507:and tropical
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
473:Ancient Greek
466:
462:
455:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:hare lettuces
435:
434:hare thistles
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:
404:
401:
396:
393:
388:
385:
380:
377:
372:
369:
364:
361:
356:
353:
348:
347:Phoenicoseris
345:
340:
337:
332:
329:
324:
321:
316:
313:
308:
305:
300:
297:
292:
289:
284:
281:
280:
278:
275:
271:
266:
262:
259:
257:
253:
250:
248:
247:Dendrosonchus
244:
241:
239:
238:
234:
230:
229:
227:
222:
218:
213:
212:
207:
204:
200:
196:
191:
190:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
158:Cichorioideae
156:
153:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
90:
89:Tracheophytes
87:
84:
81:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
65:
60:
56:
53:
52:
47:
43:
38:
35:Sow thistles
33:
30:
19:
2320:
2299:
2258:
2220:
2210:
2183:
2177:
2165:
2147:
2138:
2132:
2121:
2109:. Retrieved
2099:
2094:
2087:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2013:
2007:
1996:
1985:
1973:
1956:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1917:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1866:
1856:
1849:
1832:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1780:
1769:
1744:
1732:
1718:
1708:
1698:
1671:
1661:
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1463:rotundilobus
1462:
1458:
1448:
1444:
1433:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1204:
1194:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1020:
1010:
1001:
997:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
836:
826:
822:V.A.Matthews
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
746:
736:
726:
716:
706:
696:
686:
676:
666:
656:
646:
637:
633:
622:
612:
602:
592:
582:
573:
569:
558:
548:
536:
533:milk thistle
517:
496:
489:Flower heads
470:
464:
441:
437:
433:
430:sow thistles
429:
416:
415:
414:
402:
394:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
264:
260:
256:Origosonchus
255:
251:
246:
242:
236:
232:
209:
203:Type species
188:
187:
178:Hyoseridinae
121:
108:
95:
82:
49:
29:
18:Puha thistle
2513:iNaturalist
2345:Wikispecies
1815:New Zealand
1765:moths. The
1741:Lepidoptera
1715:Cultivation
501:indehiscent
456:Description
379:Sonchoseris
331:Aetheorhiza
307:Taeckholmia
291:Kirkianella
237:Dendroseris
154:Subfamily:
102:Angiosperms
2721:Categories
2201:0901546682
2127:USDA, NRCS
2023:0757512143
1841:References
1743:including
1725:hoverflies
1449:rokosensis
1385:prudhommei
952:C.B.Clarke
638:beltraniae
564:Dum.Cours.
426:Asteraceae
422:Cichorieae
339:Embergeria
323:Wildpretia
315:Atalanthus
299:Sonchidium
224:Subgenera
174:Subtribe:
168:Cichorieae
148:Asteraceae
2435:FloraBase
2040:cite book
1888: L."
1709:oleraceus
1701:livestock
628:(L.) Hill
515:regions.
513:temperate
406:Font Quer
403:Sventenia
363:Trachodes
355:Babcockia
138:Asterales
72:Kingdom:
2673:VicFlora
2662:VASCAN:
2655:40001998
2650:Tropicos
2396:eFloraSA
2330:Wikidata
2218:(1974).
2155:Archived
2129:(n.d.).
2111:16 March
2032:62889410
1924:in Latin
1893:Tropicos
1776:capitula
1755:grey chi
1749:and the
1739:of some
1682:nitrogen
1658:Invasive
1621:Sch.Bip.
1521:Schchian
1477:rupicola
1389:Bouchard
1255:Cirujano
1096:H.Lindb.
682:Sch.Bip.
274:Synonyms
144:Family:
128:Asterids
115:Eudicots
2727:Sonchus
2704:1076653
2554:1263637
2541:11058-1
2492:3105646
2466:Sonchus
2401:Sonchus
2351:Sonchus
2336:Q830049
2321:Sonchus
2095:Sonchus
2063:Sonchus
1951:Sonchus
1935:Sonchus
1886:Sonchus
1857:Sonchus
1799:lettuce
1783:rabbits
1733:Sonchus
1651:R.E.Fr.
1541:R.E.Fr.
1473:Sonchus
1459:Sonchus
1445:Sonchus
1381:Sonchus
1265:R.E.Fr.
1247:Sonchus
1180:Fresen.
1156:maynari
1152:Sonchus
998:Sonchus
772:Caball.
634:Sonchus
588:R.E.Fr.
574:aemulus
570:Sonchus
545:Species
538:Silybum
505:Eurasia
497:Sonchus
493:florets
450:Madeira
417:Sonchus
371:Actites
265:Sonchus
189:Sonchus
184:Genus:
164:Tribe:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
2624:PLANTS
2616:761940
2600:NZOR:
2479:130683
2453:130683
2375:105940
2362:194968
2359:APDB:
2276:
2266:
2240:799792
2238:
2228:
2198:
2030:
2020:
1811:raraki
1807:rareke
1795:bitter
1787:humans
1761:, and
1759:nutmeg
1737:larvae
1721:aphids
1690:fallow
1601:Svent.
1591:Nevski
1571:Svent.
1491:Boulos
1453:Sutorý
1409:Willk.
1365:Boulos
1285:Svent.
1210:Mejías
1160:Svent.
1056:Boulos
1016:Hamlin
1006:Svent.
982:Thell.
962:Boulos
902:Boulos
862:Boulos
842:Knoche
782:Willd.
762:Svent.
578:Merino
509:Africa
477:leaves
382:Fourr.
374:Lander
358:Boulos
342:Boulos
310:Boulos
263:subg.
254:subg.
245:subg.
235:subg.
2737:Herbs
2699:WoRMS
2629:SONCH
2593:50190
2567:38420
2549:IRMNG
2528:21014
2525:IPA:
2518:53270
2505:11287
2461:FoAO2
2440:22285
2427:1SONG
2414:60801
1823:chard
1819:Māori
1789:as a
1763:shark
1705:grass
1699:Most
1694:roots
1686:soils
1678:crops
1668:seeds
1419:Aiton
1355:Aiton
1046:Cass.
972:Harv.
722:Gand.
662:Asch.
521:latex
485:latex
366:D.Don
334:Cass.
318:D.Don
302:Pomel
294:Allan
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
2665:1698
2637:POWO
2588:NCBI
2562:ITIS
2536:IPNI
2500:GRIN
2487:GBIF
2422:EPPO
2388:7JMV
2370:APNI
2274:ISBN
2264:ISBN
2236:OCLC
2226:ISBN
2196:ISBN
2113:2023
2046:link
2028:OCLC
2018:ISBN
1829:Uses
1803:pūhā
1611:Lowe
1429:Pit.
1345:Cav.
1106:Miq.
922:Link
912:Kirk
882:Pit.
872:L.f.
852:Ball
802:Webb
692:Webb
672:Pit.
529:milk
525:sows
481:stem
448:and
2686:WFO
2575:NBN
2474:FoC
2448:FNA
2409:EoL
2383:CoL
2097:L."
1817:by
1805:or
1767:fly
1684:in
1631:DC.
812:DC.
702:DC.
608:DC.
452:).
436:or
2723::
2701::
2688::
2675::
2652::
2639::
2626::
2613::
2590::
2577::
2564::
2551::
2538::
2515::
2502::
2489::
2476::
2463::
2450::
2437::
2424::
2411::
2398::
2385::
2372::
2347::
2332::
2234:.
2186:.
2137:.
2104:.
2042:}}
2038:{{
2026:.
1955:.
1896:.
1890:.
1875:^
1825:.
1757:,
1753:,
1731:.
1581:L.
1475:x
1461:x
1447:x
1383:x
1305:L.
1275:L.
1249:x
1154:x
1126:L.
1000:x
636:x
618:L.
572:x
541:.
487:.
261:S.
252:S.
243:S.
233:S.
217:L.
195:L.
124::
111::
98::
85::
2280:.
2242:.
2204:.
2135:"
2131:"
2115:.
2093:"
2065:"
2061:"
2048:)
2034:.
1953:"
1949:"
1900:.
1884:"
1809:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
