37:
61:
272:
197:
2092:
2122:
359:
326:
2132:
1030:
2112:
2102:
231:
In regards to the diagnosis of pulmonary atresia the body requires oxygenated blood for survival. pulmonary atresia is not threatening to a developing fetus however, because the mother's placenta provides the needed oxygen since the baby's lungs are not yet functional. Once the baby is born its lungs
391:
The prognosis for pulmonary atresia varies for every child, if the condition is left uncorrected it may be fatal, but the prognosis has greatly improved over the years for those with pulmonary atresia. Some factors that affect how well the child does include how well the heart is beating, and the
382:
is disconnected from the pulmonary circulation. The systemic venous return goes directly to the lungs, by-passing the heart. Very young children with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance may not able to undergo the Fontan procedure. Cardiac catheterization may be done to determine the resistance
349:
to evaluate the defect or defects of the heart; this procedure is much more invasive. Ultimately, however, the individual will need to have a series of surgeries to improve the blood flow permanently. The first surgery will likely be performed shortly after birth. A
204:
In terms of the cause of pulmonary atresia, there is uncertainty as to what instigates this congenital heart defect. Potential risk factors that can cause this congenital heart defect are those the pregnant mother may come in contact with, such as:
807:
Daubeney, Piers E. F; Delany, David J; Anderson, Robert H; Sandor, George G. S; Slavik, Zdenek; Keeton, Barry R; Webber, Steven A (2002-05-15). "Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum: Range of morphology in a population-based study".
955:
940:
354:
can be created between the aorta and the pulmonary artery to help increase blood flow to the lungs. As the child grows, so does the heart and the shunt may need to be revised in order to meet the body's requirements.
294:
located on the right side of the heart. This blockage prevents the flow of blood to the lungs. Because of this lack of blood flowing through the right side of the heart, the structures on that side, such as the
148:
near the heart muscle. Consequently, blood flow due to the aforementioned structural abnormalities is affected, either by blocking or altering the flow of blood through the human cardiac muscle.
316:. When this second opening does not exist, very little blood goes to the right ventricle, which is what causes it to be underdeveloped in PA-IVS, this defect can be determined before birth.
880:
Awori, Mark Nelson; Mehta, Nikita P.; Mitema, Frederick O.; Kebba, Naomi (18 May 2017). "Optimal -Score Use in
Surgical Decision-Making in Pulmonary Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum".
236:
for blood to get to the lungs and become oxygenated. Due to this, the newborn baby is blue in color and pulmonary atresia can usually be diagnosed within hours or minutes after birth.
312:
is identified by underdevelopment of the right ventricle. The
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a second opening in the ventricular wall, which provides a way out for blood in the
1076:
734:
Feltes, Timothy F.; Bacha, Emile; Beekman, Robert H.; Cheatham, John P.; Feinstein, Jeffrey A.; Gomes, Antoinette S.; Hijazi, Ziyad M.; Ing, Frank F.; Moor, Michael de (2011).
307:
168:
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is exceptionally small, many surgeries will be needed in order to help stimulate normal circulation of blood to the heart. If uncorrected, babies with this type of
1278:
1274:
1621:
1962:
1069:
426:
672:
Fredenburg, Tyler B.; Johnson, Tiffanie R.; Cohen, Mervyn D. (2011). "The Fontan
Procedure: Anatomy, Complications, and Manifestations of Failure".
400:
may only survive for the first few days of life. Many children with pulmonary atresia will go on to lead normal lives, though complications such as
1561:
736:"Indications for Cardiac Catheterization and Intervention in Pediatric Cardiac Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association"
1270:
786:
718:
609:"Management of ventricular septal defect with pulmonary atresia and major aorto pulmonary collateral arteries: Challenges and controversies"
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1861:
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1997:
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condition of the blood vessels that supply the heart. Most cases of pulmonary atresia can be helped with surgery, if the patient's
2115:
36:
1247:
341:
from closing, allowing mixing of the pulmonary and systemic circulations, but prostaglandin E1 can be dangerous as it can cause
117:
in which the valve orifice fails to develop. The valve is completely closed thereby obstructing the outflow of blood from the
1987:
1421:
1150:
185:
1967:
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2020:
1812:
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1409:
1125:
1120:
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such as pulmonary atresia, structural abnormalities can include the valves of the heart, and the walls and
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1332:
133:. In a normal functioning heart, the opening to the pulmonary valve has three flaps that open and close.
2035:
1921:
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must now provide the oxygen needed for survival, but with pulmonary atresia there is no opening on the
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2015:
1882:
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1606:
1458:
60:
2135:
2077:
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959:
180:
2121:
374:, if the right ventricle is small and unable to act as a pump, the surgery performed would be the
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1982:
1972:
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1714:
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1404:
1239:
1235:
1135:
905:
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69:
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1977:
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1872:
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49:
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889:
858:
850:
839:"Prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary atresia: impact on clinical presentation and early outcome"
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681:
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114:
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1035:
707:
White, Charles S.; Haramati, Linda B.; Chen, Joseph Jen-Sho; Levsky, Jeffrey M. (2014).
1957:
1911:
1724:
1654:
1473:
1262:
1100:
863:
838:
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608:
588:
Pulmonary
Atresia With Intact Ventricular Septum: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
240:
964:
821:
522:
196:
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The symptoms/signs of pulmonary atresia that will occur in babies are consistent with
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2040:
1829:
1824:
1686:
1626:
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909:
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Pulmonary
Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect: Background, Epidemiology, Etiology
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1431:
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421:
401:
379:
239:
The diagnosis of pulmonary atresia can be done via the following exams/methods: an
466:
975:
752:
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708:
1904:
1849:
1746:
1601:
1576:
1394:
994:
837:
Tzifa, Aphrodite; Barker, Claire; Tibby, Shane M; Simpson, John M (2007-05-01).
461:
210:
1992:
1013:
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110:
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2065:
1807:
1802:
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1519:
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1005:
854:
625:
592:
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510:
125:. The pulmonary valve is located on the right side of the heart between the
901:
872:
829:
761:
693:
644:
607:
Murthy, KS; Reddy, K Pramod; Nagarajan, R; Goutami, V; Cherian, KM (2010).
1571:
1348:
685:
409:
157:
141:
932:
333:
The treatment of pulmonary atresia consists of: an IV medication called
2050:
1510:
1478:
1371:
778:
220:
171:, decreased pulmonary blood flow may cause associated defects such as:
337:
E1, which is used for treatment of pulmonary atresia, as it stops the
944:
405:
1112:
357:
342:
324:
270:
244:
145:
122:
118:
164:
and some shortness of breath (eating may be a problem as well).
1321:
1058:
248:
843:
Archives of
Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition
1317:
506:
Pulmonic Valve
Anatomy: Overview, Pathophysiologic Variants
366:
The type of surgery recommended depends on the size of the
284:
Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS)
882:
World
Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery
290:
malformation. PA-IVS involves complete blockage of the
781:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 185–6.
922:
563:"Research | Congenital Heart Defects | NCBDDD | CDC"
2008:
1946:
1707:
1635:
1590:
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1297:
1261:
1234:
1227:
1205:
1187:
1164:
1111:
1099:
985:
926:
659:"Alprostadil (PGE1) for Maintaining Ductal Patency"
96:
86:
78:
68:
48:
26:
21:
308:Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
169:pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect
345:. Another example of preliminary treatment is
1333:
1070:
810:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
30:Pulmonary atresia - intact ventricular septum
8:
275:Ventricular septal defect via echocardiogram
775:Abuhamad, Alfred Z.; Chaoui, Rabih (2012).
1622:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
1367:
1340:
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1318:
1231:
1108:
1077:
1063:
1055:
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279:There are two types of pulmonary atresia.
59:
35:
18:
1963:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
862:
751:
634:
624:
427:Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation
713:. Oxford University Press. p. 477.
195:
438:
100:Prostaglandin E1, Heart catheterization
602:
600:
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1271:Anomalous pulmonary venous connection
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480:
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476:
474:
456:
454:
452:
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383:before going ahead with the surgery.
378:. In this three-stage procedure, the
251:and an exam to measure the amount of
7:
2101:
1862:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
82:No known cause for pulmonary atresia
2111:
1307:Cerebral arteriovenous malformation
1998:Medical Scientist Training Program
1253:Persistent left superior vena cava
14:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2091:
2090:
1248:Congenital stenosis of vena cava
1028:
2131:
492:Congenital Heart Defects (CHDs)
1988:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1422:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
613:Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
1:
1151:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
822:10.1016/S0735-1097(02)01832-6
494:. Center for Disease Control.
186:Double outlet right ventricle
1968:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1735:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
1179:Stenosis of pulmonary artery
753:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31821b1f10
44:Diagram of pulmonary atresia
2157:Congenital vascular defects
92:Chest x-ray, Echocardiogram
2173:
1299:Arteriovenous malformation
1197:Aberrant subclavian artery
523:"Congenital Heart Defects"
2086:
488:"About Pulmonary Atresia"
43:
34:
1922:Transplantation medicine
1813:Clinical neurophysiology
1730:Obstetric anesthesiology
1650:Interventional radiology
1410:Digestive system surgery
1126:Coarctation of the aorta
1121:Patent ductus arteriosus
894:10.1177/2150135117701407
462:MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
398:congenital heart disease
138:congenital heart defects
1793:Intensive care medicine
1767:Mass gathering medicine
1612:Maternal–fetal medicine
1215:Single umbilical artery
1141:Right-sided aortic arch
1131:Interrupted aortic arch
855:10.1136/adc.2006.093880
626:10.4103/0974-2069.74040
303:, are abnormally small.
1385:Cardiothoracic surgery
363:
330:
276:
201:
2036:Personalized medicine
1895:Reproductive medicine
1820:Occupational medicine
1774:Evolutionary medicine
1093:Vascular malformation
361:
347:heart catheterization
328:
274:
199:
2056:Traditional medicine
2016:Alternative medicine
1883:Addiction psychiatry
1697:Transfusion medicine
1692:Medical microbiology
1607:Gynecologic oncology
1459:Reproductive surgery
686:10.1148/rg.312105027
113:malformation of the
2078:History of medicine
2061:Veterinary medicine
1868:Preventive medicine
1720:Adolescent medicine
1562:Infectious diseases
181:Tetralogy of Fallot
2026:Molecular oncology
1983:Doctor of Medicine
1973:Master of Medicine
1890:Radiation oncology
1762:Emergency medicine
1715:Addiction medicine
1682:Clinical chemistry
1677:Clinical pathology
1469:Transplant surgery
1427:Orthopedic surgery
1405:Colorectal surgery
1240:inferior vena cava
1136:Double aortic arch
986:External resources
364:
331:
277:
202:
152:Signs and symptoms
2144:
2143:
1978:Master of Surgery
1942:
1941:
1927:Tropical medicine
1873:Prison healthcare
1788:Hospital medicine
1752:Disaster medicine
1742:Aviation medicine
1557:Hospital medicine
1464:Surgical oncology
1449:Pediatric surgery
1443:
1390:Endocrine surgery
1315:
1314:
1293:
1292:
1285:Scimitar syndrome
1223:
1222:
1189:Subclavian artery
1174:Pulmonary atresia
1046:Pulmonary atresia
1023:
1022:
788:978-1-4511-4780-3
720:978-0-19-982948-4
467:Pulmonary atresia
339:ductus arteriosus
176:Tricuspid atresia
107:Pulmonary atresia
104:
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88:Diagnostic method
22:Pulmonary atresia
16:Medical condition
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1660:Nuclear medicine
1535:Gastroenterology
1491:Vascular surgery
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1319:
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1207:Umbilical artery
1166:Pulmonary artery
1146:Overriding aorta
1109:
1089:vascular defects
1079:
1072:
1065:
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1032:
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924:
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849:(3): F199–F203.
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376:Fontan procedure
372:pulmonary artery
362:Fontan procedure
329:Prostaglandin E1
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131:pulmonary artery
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63:
39:
19:
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2082:
2071:Chief physician
2004:
1949:
1938:
1932:Travel medicine
1917:Sports medicine
1900:Sexual medicine
1840:Palliative care
1835:Pain management
1779:Family medicine
1757:Diving medicine
1703:
1631:
1593:
1586:
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1454:Plastic surgery
1400:General surgery
1380:Cardiac surgery
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368:right ventricle
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314:right ventricle
301:tricuspid valve
297:pulmonary valve
292:pulmonary valve
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234:pulmonary valve
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167:In the case of
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115:pulmonary valve
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2009:Related topics
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1958:Medical school
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1101:Great arteries
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816:(10): 1670–9.
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719:
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664:
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619:(2): 127–135.
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529:. MedlinePlus.
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527:Health Topics
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348:
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335:prostaglandin
327:
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311:
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298:
293:
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273:
266:
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263:in the body.
250:
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2046:Rural health
2031:Nanomedicine
1582:Rheumatology
1513: /
1432:Hand surgery
1417:Neurosurgery
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1042:profile for
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566:
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2116:Wikiproject
1905:Venereology
1850:Neonatology
1747:Dermatology
1602:Gynaecology
1594:gynaecology
1577:Pulmonology
1395:Eye surgery
1357:Specialties
1228:Great veins
995:MedlinePlus
740:Circulation
567:www.cdc.gov
211:medications
27:Other names
1878:Psychiatry
1864:(PM&R)
1857:Phlebology
1845:Pediatrics
1672:Anatomical
1637:Diagnostic
1617:Obstetrics
1567:Nephrology
1552:Hematology
1547:Geriatrics
1540:Hepatology
1525:Cardiology
1515:Immunology
1086:Congenital
433:References
288:congenital
286:is a rare
111:congenital
55:Cardiology
2066:Physician
1950:education
1808:Neurology
1803:Narcology
1667:Pathology
1645:Radiology
1520:Angiology
1484:Andrology
1006:eMedicine
593:eMedicine
551:eMedicine
511:eMedicine
387:Prognosis
321:Treatment
227:Diagnosis
97:Treatment
50:Specialty
2151:Category
2096:Category
1572:Oncology
1503:medicine
1501:Internal
1349:Medicine
1236:Superior
1014:ped/2898
1011:ped/2526
910:26067553
902:28520535
873:16840499
830:12020496
762:21536996
694:21415190
645:21234191
416:See also
410:seizures
370:and the
310:(PA-VSD)
299:and the
243:, chest
209:Certain
158:cyanosis
142:arteries
74:Cyanosis
70:Symptoms
2136:Outline
2106:Commons
2051:Therapy
1948:Medical
1511:Allergy
1479:Urology
1372:Surgery
1279:Partial
1036:Scholia
976:D018633
864:2675326
636:3017916
572:24 June
221:Smoking
200:Smoking
162:fatigue
160:, some
121:to the
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1708:Other
1275:Total
1113:Aorta
1040:topic
965:747.3
950:Q25.5
906:S2CID
352:shunt
343:apnea
245:x-ray
192:Cause
146:veins
123:lungs
119:heart
109:is a
971:MeSH
960:9-CM
898:PMID
869:PMID
826:PMID
783:ISBN
758:PMID
715:ISBN
690:PMID
641:PMID
574:2016
408:and
216:Diet
129:and
1442:ENT
1360:and
956:ICD
941:ICD
890:doi
859:PMC
851:doi
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