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Pulsar wind nebulae can be powerful probes of a pulsar/neutron star's interaction with its surroundings. Their unique properties can be used to infer the geometry, energetics, and composition of the pulsar wind, the space velocity of the pulsar itself, and the properties of the ambient medium.
187:
in the radio band, α=0â0.3. The index steepens at X-ray energies due to synchrotron radiation losses and on the average has an X-ray photon index of 1.3â2.3 (spectral index of 2.3â3.3).
1074:
320:. AIP Conference Proceedings: 5th International Meeting on High Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1505. pp. 13â20.
914:
483:
Slane, Patrick O.; Chen, Yang; Schulz, Norbert S.; et al. (April 2000). "Chandra
Observations of the Crab-like Supernova Remnant G21.5-0.9".
608:
Stappers, B. W.; Gaensler, B. M.; Kaspi, V. M.; et al. (February 2003). "An X-ray nebula associated with the millisecond pulsar B1957+20".
190:
An X-ray size that is generally smaller than their radio and optical size (due to smaller synchrotron lifetimes of the higher-energy electrons).
699:
1138:
111:
Pulsar wind nebulae evolve through various phases. New pulsar wind nebulae appear soon after a pulsar's creation, and typically sit inside a
144:
158:) that are generated by the spinning pulsar. The pulsar wind often streams into the surrounding interstellar medium, creating a standing
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123:. As the pulsar wind nebula ages, the supernova remnant dissipates and disappears. Over time, pulsar wind nebulae may become
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called the 'wind termination shock', where the wind decelerates to sub-relativistic speed. Beyond this radius,
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427:
Gaensler, Bryan M.; Slane, Patrick O. (September 2006). "The
Evolution and Structure of Pulsar Wind Nebulae".
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An increasing brightness towards the center, without a shell-like structure as seen in supernova remnants.
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44:
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1192:
799:
685:
286:
Weiler, K. W.; Panagia, N. (November 1978). "Are Crab-type
Supernova Remnants (Plerions) Short-lived?".
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inside supernova remnants. They have since been found to be infrared, optical, millimetre,
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39:. Central part shows the pulsar wind nebula, with the red star in the centre being the
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Weiler, K. W.; Panagia, N. (October 1980). "Vela X and the
Evolution of Plerions".
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24:
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Hester, J. Jeff (September 2008). "The Crab Nebula: An
Astrophysical Chimera".
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367:"Observational implications of a plerionic environment for gamma-ray bursts"
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91:. These nebulae were proposed as a class in 1976 as enhancements at
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nebulae surrounding millisecond or slowly rotating pulsars.
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Pulsar wind nebulae often show the following properties:
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Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
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371:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
135:Pulsar winds are composed of charged particles (
87:(SNR), powered by winds generated by a central
27:(centre) and its surrounding pulsar wind nebula
422:
420:
365:Guetta, Dafne; Granot, Jonathan (March 2003).
311:
309:
1193:
693:
546:Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
16:Nebula powered by the pulsar wind of a pulsar
8:
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429:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
166:emission increases in the magnetized flow.
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459:10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092528
83:sometimes found inside the shell of a
7:
1532:
1162:
43:. Image combines optical data from
316:Safi-Harb, Samar (December 2012).
75:(derived from the Greek "ÏλΟÏηÏ",
14:
131:Properties of pulsar wind nebulae
119:, or the nebula within the large
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1531:
1522:
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1161:
1152:
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915:TolmanâOppenheimerâVolkoff limit
402:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06296.x
143:by the rapidly rotating, hugely
107:Evolution of pulsar wind nebulae
79:, meaning "full"), is a type of
1098:Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
673:The Pulsar Wind Nebula Catalog
1:
1124:X-ray pulsar-based navigation
1103:Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
318:Plerionic supernova remnants
288:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1302:Evaporating gaseous globule
1093:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
936:Gamma-ray burst progenitors
197:gamma-ray energies of ~2.3.
1605:
890:Quasi-periodic oscillation
582:Astronomy and Astrophysics
1516:
1147:
1108:Chandra X-ray Observatory
875:Neutron-star oscillation
764:Rotating radio transient
640:10.1126/science.1079841
595:1980A&A....90..269W
558:2008ARA&A..46..127H
451:2006ARA&A..44...17G
300:1978A&A....70..419W
1338:Integrated Flux Nebula
1129:Tempo software program
121:Vela Supernova Remnant
71:), sometimes called a
56:
28:
1328:Protoplanetary nebula
1292:Giant molecular cloud
1270:Protoplanetary nebula
1139:The Magnificent Seven
485:Astrophysical Journal
253:Colliding-wind binary
34:
22:
1348:Post-stellar nebulae
1044:ThorneâĆ»ytkow object
1589:Millisecond pulsars
1569:Pulsar wind nebulae
1439:Intergalactic blobs
1404:High-velocity cloud
1284:Pre-stellar nebulae
995:Neutron star merger
855:Chandrasekhar limit
822:HulseâTaylor pulsar
749:Soft gamma repeater
632:2003Sci...299.1372S
616:(5611): 1372â1374.
507:2000ApJ...533L..29S
393:2003MNRAS.340..115G
336:2012AIPC.1505...13S
248:Stellar-wind bubble
141:relativistic speeds
1574:Supernova remnants
1491:Supernova remnants
1387:Interstellar cloud
1366:Pulsar wind nebula
1039:Pulsar wind nebula
1017:Stellar black hole
258:Galactic superwind
193:A photon index at
154:(100 million
115:, for example the
61:pulsar wind nebula
57:
29:
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1361:Supernova remnant
1333:WolfâRayet nebula
1260:Reflection nebula
1243:Supernova remnant
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968:Supernova remnant
758:Ultra-long period
344:10.1063/1.4772215
139:) accelerated to
113:supernova remnant
93:radio wavelengths
85:supernova remnant
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1238:Planetary nebula
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941:Asteroseismology
843:Fast radio burst
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1474:Largest Nebulae
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1430:Pinwheel nebula
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1397:Infrared cirrus
1392:Molecular cloud
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667:External links
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589:(3): 269â282.
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552:(1): 127â155.
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515:10.1086/312589
491:(1): L29âL32.
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377:(1): 115â138.
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1086:investigation
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1070:Centaurus X-3
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1034:Pulsar planet
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1022:Related links
1020:
1019:
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1010:Related links
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795:X-ray burster
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47:(in red) and
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33:
26:
21:
1365:
1323:Nova remnant
1307:Solar nebula
1248:Nova remnant
1038:
946:Compact star
920:Urca process
910:Timing noise
895:Relativistic
790:X-ray binary
785:X-ray pulsar
709:Neutron star
613:
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435:(1): 17â47.
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233:Stellar wind
200:
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1297:Bok globule
1253:H II region
1223:Dark nebula
1005:White dwarf
990:Microquasar
956:Exotic star
885:Pulsar kick
807:Millisecond
723:Radio-quiet
294:: 419â422.
228:Cosmic wind
223:Crab Nebula
218:G292.0+01.8
183:and a flat
164:synchrotron
117:Crab Nebula
41:Crab Pulsar
37:Crab Nebula
25:Vela Pulsar
1563:Categories
1547:Wiktionary
1418:Morphology
1409:H I region
1371:Supershell
1134:Astropulse
1049:QCD matter
1029:Radio star
1000:Quark-nova
951:Quark star
900:Rp-process
831:Properties
270:References
238:Solar wind
160:shock wave
55:(in blue).
51:data from
35:The inner
1479:Planetary
1084:Satellite
1058:Discovery
980:Hypernova
963:Supernova
905:Starquake
352:119113738
327:1210.5406
263:Superwind
178:polarized
176:A highly
152:teragauss
125:bow-shock
103:sources.
101:gamma ray
67:, plural
1527:Category
1157:Category
985:Kilonova
812:Be/X-ray
744:Magnetar
656:19659750
648:12610299
531:17387448
523:10727384
467:10699344
411:14308769
206:See also
150:above 1
145:powerful
1584:Nebulae
1579:Pulsars
1537:Commons
1501:Related
1469:Diffuse
1209:Nebulae
1167:Commons
929:Related
880:Optical
838:Blitzar
817:Spin-up
628:Bibcode
610:Science
591:Bibcode
554:Bibcode
503:Bibcode
447:Bibcode
389:Bibcode
332:Bibcode
296:Bibcode
73:plerion
53:Chandra
1493:(SNRs)
1487:(PPNe)
1380:Clouds
865:Glitch
780:Binary
728:Pulsar
654:
646:
529:
521:
465:
409:
350:
156:teslas
137:plasma
89:pulsar
81:nebula
77:pleres
45:Hubble
1481:(PNe)
1461:Lists
1117:Other
1065:LGM-1
716:Types
652:S2CID
618:arXiv
527:S2CID
493:arXiv
463:S2CID
437:arXiv
407:S2CID
379:arXiv
348:S2CID
322:arXiv
213:3C 58
97:X-ray
49:X-ray
800:List
644:PMID
519:PMID
181:flux
99:and
69:PWNe
23:The
636:doi
614:299
562:doi
511:doi
489:533
455:doi
397:doi
375:340
340:doi
195:TeV
65:PWN
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278:^
59:A
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1194:t
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