1419:
711:
33:
70:
517:
543:. When fresh, the upper thallus surface has a gray-greenish color; when dry it is brown-yellowish. The individual lobes comprising the thallus are typically up to 5 mm (0.2 in) wide (sometimes up to 1 cm wide), and they have rounded tips, sometimes developing a brownish margin that is narrow and shiny. The entire thallus surface is covered with abundant point-like (
449:) grew on bark and had a range restricted to woodlands of the Mexican highlands, while the short-form conidia morphs grew on rocks and were widespread in south-central North America, with few occurrences in regions with the long-form morph. They used this dimorphism to distinguish the short-form morph as a distinct species,
575:– is white, while the thallus undersurface is light brown. Rhizines are abundant on the thallus underside; they are whitish or brown and mostly unbranched. The apothecia are 5–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) in diameter, and are abundant. These cup-shaped reproductive structures are
1285:
Guzmán, H. (1972). "Algunos macromicetos, liquenes y mixomicetos importantes en la zona del Volcan
Popocatepetl (Amecameca-Tlamacas, Mex.)" [Some important macromycetes, lichens and myxomycetes in the area of the Popocatepetl Volcano (Amecameca-Tlamacas, Mex.)].
1465:
Chaparro, Marcos A.E.; Lavornia, Juan M.; Chaparro, Mauro A.E.; Sinito, Ana M. (2013). "Biomonitors of urban air pollution: Magnetic studies and SEM observations of corticolous foliose and microfoliose lichens and their suitability for magnetic monitoring".
828:. At lower elevations it is mostly absent, despite the abundance of potential substrates, and the individuals that are found tend to lack apothecia and pycnidia. Tree genera upon which the lichen has been recorded include the hardwoods
563:(asexual fruiting bodies) are present on the thallus as tiny black dots, especially near the margins of the lobes. The rounded lobes measure 2–6 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide. The
1849:
1859:
1854:
771:
region. In the United States, where it is relatively rare, the lichen is found in the southwestern region of the country; specifically, it has been recorded from
Arizona,
1320:
Guzmán–Dávalos, L.; Álvarez, I. (1987). "Observaciones sobre los líquenes de
Jalisco y de Chiapas" [Observations on the lichens of Jalisco and Chiapas].
1677:
539:) thallus measuring 7 cm (2.8 in) or more in diameter, with an upper limit of 12 cm (4.7 in). It has a fairly tight attachment to its
289:. Some macroscopic features that help distinguish this species from other related members of the genus include the presence and the structure of the
1757:
1625:
1703:
1432:
Flakus, Adam; Sipman, Harrie J. M.; Rodriguez Flakus, Pamela; Schiefelbein, Ulf; Jabłońska, Agnieszka; Kukwa, Martin; Oset, Magdalena (2014).
1301:
Coutiño, B.; Mojica, A. (1985). "Líquenes de la región del Cofre de Perote–Xalapa" [Lichens from the Cofre de Perote–Xalapa region].
1269:
1183:
453:, using the larger of Müller's specimens as the type of this new species, and designated the smaller, corticolous specimen as the type for
379:("white"). Although Nylander did not mention it in his text, Müller sent two specimens from Veracruz, both of which were assigned the name
779:. First recorded from East Africa in 1977, it has been found in Ethiopia and Kenya. In South America it occurs in Argentina, and Bolivia.
1834:
986:
412:
794:
forests at high elevations – greater than 2,000 m (6,600 ft). Here it has been observed to be part of flourishing
1215:
399:-bearing structures). The second specimen is much larger, has conidia, but has a clean undersurface indicative of having
1373:
45:
334:
250:
1844:
1839:
1682:
1603:
495:
69:
800:
690:
1116:
1343:[Contribution to the knowledge of the lichens of the Los Azufres geothermal field, Michoacán, Mexico].
671:
1829:
676:
1418:
1565:
1404:"Lichen community response to different management situations in a protected forest of Córdoba, Argentina"
715:
631:
442:
930:
667:
564:
467:
306:
164:
1749:
1617:
294:
1008:
688:
rather than lecanoric acid. Because of its abundant pseudocyphellae and similar overall appearance,
698:, but this species has a black undersurface and an overall yellowish-green coloring resulting from
627:
540:
330:
1669:
1341:"Contribución al conocimiento de los líquenes del campo geotérmico Los Azufres, Michoacán, México"
1824:
1538:
1120:
1032:
654:
619:
576:
384:
359:
266:
194:
64:
1708:
710:
32:
1796:
1690:
1546:
1493:
1265:
1179:
982:
433:
reported their observations on the differences in the length of the conidia in populations of
430:
426:
400:
255:
1801:
1695:
1528:
1483:
1475:
1445:
1352:
1151:
1112:
1024:
718:, at an elevation of 1,839 m (6,033 ft); the greener lichen growing next to it is
458:
407:
designated the larger specimen as the type for the species, a decision that was followed by
350:
786:. It is a conspicuous member of the lichen flora in certain parts of its range, such as in
744:
732:
685:
684:
by its dark brown to almost black thallus undersurface, and chemically by the presence of
639:
572:
516:
346:
314:
111:
41:
354:
1744:
1612:
1155:
783:
720:
635:
487:
368:
342:
302:
282:
238:
301:, and the light brown color of the thallus undersurface. Chemically, the presence of
1818:
922:
768:
419:
357:, who sent them to Nylander for identification. Nylander mentioned its similarity to
1124:
547:) white pseudocyphellae, which are up to 0.5 mm in diameter. There are not any
1028:
830:
812:
806:
491:
286:
265:
in 1982. The lichen is found in Africa, North
America, and South America, where it
246:
131:
752:
1735:
1588:
1479:
955:
1770:
1664:
1638:
1597:
1381:
1264:. Vol. 2. Tempe: Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University. p. 432.
928:
A study on the post‐fire recolonization of dominant epiphytic lichen species on
902:
658:; both have a brown underside, have apothecia, and lack soralia and isidia, but
505:
408:
185:
121:
1403:
918:
824:
818:
772:
699:
608:
404:
383:
by
Nylander. The smaller one of them is attached to bark (and is thus clearly
101:
1357:
1340:
890:
884:
878:
764:
643:
596:
588:
548:
525:
521:
500:
392:
310:
298:
290:
261:
141:
81:
53:
1550:
1497:
1260:
Nash, T.H. III; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C.; Bungartz, F. (2004).
587:) that is curled inwards slightly. Pseudocyphellae occur on the excipulum.
1450:
1433:
1783:
1729:
1651:
1582:
1402:
Quiroga, Luis
Gonzalo; Estrabou, Cecilia; Rodriguez, Juan Manuel (2008).
860:
854:
795:
736:
580:
560:
270:
1762:
1630:
1542:
1290:(in Spanish). Mexico City: Sociedad Botanica de Mexico. pp. 17–42.
1036:
848:
842:
760:
748:
604:
552:
438:
388:
364:
278:
274:
57:
49:
1775:
1643:
1488:
1788:
1656:
914:
866:
756:
740:
600:
556:
363:, but noted that it was smoother, with a paler underside and whitish
326:
242:
91:
1559:
1533:
1512:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1174:
Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001).
1513:"Post-fire recolonization of dominant epiphytic lichen species on
896:
872:
836:
776:
709:
592:
568:
515:
396:
1434:"Contribution to the knowledge of the lichen biota of Bolivia. 6"
1002:
1000:
998:
791:
181:
1563:
979:
The
Gardener's Botanical: An Encyclopedia of Latin Plant Names
787:
1117:
10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0314:WITLPG]2.0.CO;2
607:), and thin-walled; they measure 14.4–17.6 by 8.8–9.6
1234:(lichenized Ascomycetes) from Nueva Galicia, Mexico].
1071:
1069:
583:(fertile, spore-bearing tissue), with a thick margin (an
1007:
Culberson, William Louis; Culberson, Chicita F. (1980).
934:
determined that the primary means of recolonization for
767:. It is one of the most abundant foliose lichens in the
1178:. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 606–607.
615:) and hyaline, typically measuring 9.6 by 12 μm.
285:– minute holes in the thallus surface that facilitate
958:[Lichens collected in Mexico by Fr. Müller].
634:+ (red). The last of these indicates the presence of
1224:(Ascomycetes liquenizados) de Nueva Galicia, México"
1719:
1572:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1169:
1167:
1165:
441:and Mexico. They noted that the long-form conidia
1262:Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region
981:. Princeton University Press. pp. 476, 544.
913:in both urban and industrial sites in and around
626:. In the medulla, the results of these tests are
249:. First formally described by Finnish botanist
1214:Álvarez, Isela; Guzmán–Dávalos, Laura (2009).
1009:"Microconidial dimorphism in the lichen genus
508:as the "southwestern speckled shield lichen".
694:is another lichen that could be mistaken for
662:contains lecanoric acid while the medulla of
293:(sexual reproductive organs), the absence of
8:
1099:Egan, Robert S. (2003). "What is the lichen
1511:Romagni, Joanne G.; Gries, Corinna (2000).
1142:, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae".
646:, which results in a K+ (yellow) reaction.
1850:Lichens of the South-Central United States
1560:
956:"Lichenes collecti in Mexico a Fr. Müller"
798:lichen communities, along with the common
31:
20:
1860:Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist)
1855:Lichens of the Southwestern United States
1532:
1487:
1449:
1356:
1288:Guias Botanicas de Excursiones en Mexico
1076:Krog, H.; Swinscow, T.D.V. (1977). "The
909:Because of the widespread occurrence of
387:), but it is poorly developed and lacks
1050:Hale, Mason E. (1965). "Studies on the
946:
1378:: Southwestern Speckled Shield Lichen"
917:, it has been proposed as a potential
782:The lichen grows on bark, usually of
731:has been recorded from the states of
333:as a new species by Finnish botanist
317:help distinguish it from lookalikes.
7:
375:- ("under") with a form of the word
235:southwestern speckled shield lichen
1156:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01191.x
680:, which can be distinguished from
652:is quite similar in appearance to
259:, it was transferred to the genus
14:
1417:
579:of the thallus and have a brown
68:
56:is visible in the center of the
603:, and are smooth, translucent (
549:asexual reproductive structures
1029:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021161
714:Individual growing on bark in
611:. The conidia are threadlike (
1:
1322:Revista Mexicana de Micología
1303:Revista Mexicana de Micología
1236:Revista Mexicana de Micología
622:can be used to help identify
504:in 1982. The lichen is known
1480:10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.006
490:(tiny pores that facilitate
367:(root-like structures). The
46:Chiricahua National Monument
1082:Norwegian Journal of Botany
1056:Svensky Botanika Svidskrift
415:in their 1977 study of the
281:is covered with tiny white
1876:
1521:American Journal of Botany
1339:Gómez–Peralta, M. (1992).
804:and members of the genera
457:. Later, in a 2003 study,
371:combines the Greek prefix
1835:Lichens described in 1858
1372:Ham, V. (30 April 2021).
801:Flavopunctelia flaventior
691:Flavopunctelia praesignis
591:, which number eight per
577:positioned on the surface
277:trees. Its greenish-grey
200:
193:
170:
163:
65:Scientific classification
63:
39:
30:
23:
16:Species of foliose lichen
1438:Polish Botanical Journal
1176:Lichens of North America
1144:Nordic Journal of Botany
706:Habitat and distribution
567:– a layer of interlaced
233:, commonly known as the
1468:Environmental Pollution
1358:10.21829/abm18.1992.642
1080:group in East Africa".
677:Punctelia subpraesignis
674:. Another lookalike is
672:protolichesterinic acid
40:Growing on the bark of
1604:Punctelia hypoleucites
1574:Punctelia hypoleucites
1376:Punctelia hypoleucites
1345:Acta Botánica Mexicana
1138:Krog, Hildur (1982). "
911:Punctelia hypoleucites
729:Punctelia hypoleucites
724:
716:Madera Canyon, Arizona
650:Punctelia hypoleucites
624:Punctelia hypoleucites
533:Punctelia hypoleucites
529:
482:species with rounded (
230:Punctelia hypoleucites
174:Punctelia hypoleucites
25:Punctelia hypoleucites
1721:Parmelia hypoleucites
1515:Quercus hypoleucoides
1451:10.2478/pbj-2014-0020
977:Bayton, Ross (2020).
954:Nylander, W. (1858).
931:Quercus hypoleucoides
713:
519:
476:Parmelia hypoleucites
465:to be identical with
455:Parmelia hypoleucites
391:(asexual spores) and
381:Parmelia hypoleucites
339:Parmelia hypoleucites
204:Parmelia hypoleucites
1101:Parmelia graminicola
938:is spore dispersal.
936:P. hypoleucites
696:P. hypoleucites
682:P. hypoleucites
660:P. hypoleucites
447:P. hypoleucites
435:P. hypoleucites
156:P. hypoleucites
882:, and the conifers
620:chemical spot tests
468:P. graminicola
425:A few years later,
960:Flora (Regensburg)
725:
630:-, KC+ (red), and
530:
463:P. semansiana
451:P. semansiana
360:Parmelia saxatilis
345:were collected in
237:, is a species of
219:(Nyl.) Nyl. (1860)
1845:Lichens of Mexico
1840:Lichens of Africa
1812:
1811:
1797:Open Tree of Life
1691:Open Tree of Life
1566:Taxon identifiers
1527:(12): 1815–1820.
1271:978-0-9716759-1-9
1185:978-0-300-08249-4
474:Krog transferred
431:Chicita Culberson
267:grows on the bark
226:
225:
1867:
1805:
1804:
1792:
1791:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1765:
1753:
1752:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1698:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1647:
1646:
1634:
1633:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1536:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1491:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1415:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1257:
1244:
1243:
1211:
1190:
1189:
1171:
1160:
1159:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1078:Parmelia borreri
1073:
1064:
1063:
1052:Parmelia borreri
1047:
1041:
1040:
1004:
993:
992:
974:
968:
967:
951:
664:P. bolliana
655:P. bolliana
571:below the upper
459:Robert Shaw Egan
417:Parmelia borreri
369:specific epithet
351:Veracruz, Mexico
335:William Nylander
253:as a species of
251:William Nylander
220:
212:Parmelia borreri
208:
176:
73:
72:
35:
21:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1815:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1800:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1743:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1650:
1642:
1637:
1629:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1581:
1568:
1558:
1534:10.2307/2656834
1510:
1509:
1505:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1213:
1212:
1193:
1186:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1103:B. de Lesd.?".
1098:
1097:
1093:
1075:
1074:
1067:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1006:
1005:
996:
989:
976:
975:
971:
953:
952:
948:
944:
784:deciduous trees
708:
686:gyrophoric acid
514:
494:) to the newly
488:pseudocyphellae
437:collected from
413:Dougal Swinscow
347:Pico de Orizaba
323:
283:pseudocyphellae
218:
206:
189:
178:
172:
159:
112:Lecanoromycetes
67:
52:. A cluster of
42:Arizona cypress
17:
12:
11:
5:
1873:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1830:Lichen species
1827:
1817:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1754:
1741:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1700:
1687:
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1594:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1503:
1457:
1424:
1394:
1364:
1347:(in Spanish).
1331:
1324:(in Spanish).
1312:
1305:(in Spanish).
1293:
1277:
1270:
1245:
1238:(in Spanish).
1228:Flavopunctelia
1218:Flavopunctelia
1191:
1184:
1161:
1150:(3): 287–292.
1130:
1111:(2): 314–316.
1105:The Bryologist
1091:
1065:
1042:
1023:(1): 127–135.
994:
988:978-0691200170
987:
969:
945:
943:
940:
925:in that city.
721:Flavopunctelia
707:
704:
636:lecanoric acid
559:. Conspicuous
513:
510:
343:type specimens
322:
319:
303:lecanoric acid
245:in the family
224:
223:
222:
221:
209:
198:
197:
191:
190:
179:
168:
167:
161:
160:
153:
151:
147:
146:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
61:
60:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1872:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1731:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1395:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1354:
1351:(18): 31–53.
1350:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1088:(3): 167–177.
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1003:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
984:
980:
973:
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535:has a leafy (
534:
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496:circumscribed
493:
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478:and 21 other
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420:species group
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401:grown on rock
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165:Binomial name
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355:Fritz Müller
338:
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287:gas exchange
260:
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247:Parmeliaceae
234:
229:
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216:hypoleucites
215:
211:
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173:
171:
155:
154:
142:
132:Parmeliaceae
24:
18:
1771:iNaturalist
1665:NatureServe
1639:iNaturalist
1598:Wikispecies
1517:(Fagaceae)"
1382:NatureServe
903:Pseudotsuga
727:In Mexico,
520:Closeup of
512:Description
409:Hildur Krog
403:. In 1965,
385:corticolous
337:in 1858 as
207:Nyl. (1858)
122:Lecanorales
1819:Categories
1489:11336/6969
1414:: 131–138.
1328:: 217–230.
1309:: 379–400.
966:: 377–386.
942:References
919:biomonitor
825:Parmotrema
819:Hypogymnia
773:New Mexico
700:usnic acid
595:, have an
589:Ascospores
545:punctiform
405:Mason Hale
329:was first
299:propagules
275:coniferous
102:Ascomycota
98:Division:
1825:Punctelia
1736:Q59558790
1589:Q10646747
1474:: 61–69.
1232:Punctelia
1222:Punctelia
1140:Punctelia
1017:Mycologia
891:Juniperus
885:Cupressus
879:Willardia
796:epiphytic
765:Zacatecas
753:Michoacán
666:contains
644:atranorin
642:contains
618:Standard
597:ellipsoid
585:excipulum
541:substrate
526:herbarium
522:apothecia
501:Punctelia
393:apothecia
331:described
311:atranorin
291:apothecia
262:Punctelia
150:Species:
143:Punctelia
88:Kingdom:
82:Eukaryota
54:apothecia
1784:MycoBank
1745:Fungorum
1730:Wikidata
1670:2.126604
1652:MycoBank
1613:Fungorum
1583:Wikidata
1551:11118419
1498:22982554
1242:: 15–29.
1125:85711091
1062:: 37–48.
1054:group".
1011:Parmelia
861:Prosopis
855:Fraxinus
790:and oak-
737:Guerrero
613:filiform
581:hymenium
561:pycnidia
551:such as
528:specimen
484:punctate
480:Parmelia
365:rhizines
321:Taxonomy
297:surface
271:hardwood
269:of both
256:Parmelia
241:(leafy)
195:Synonyms
128:Family:
78:Domain:
1802:5313268
1763:3404838
1631:2605227
1543:2656834
1408:Lazaroa
1037:3759425
900:, and
849:Quercus
843:Arbutus
761:Nayarit
749:Jalisco
745:Hidalgo
605:hyaline
565:medulla
553:soralia
537:foliose
439:Arizona
427:William
389:conidia
313:in the
307:medulla
305:in the
295:asexual
279:thallus
239:foliose
214:subsp.
138:Genus:
118:Order:
108:Class:
58:thallus
50:Arizona
1789:397693
1776:351685
1750:397693
1704:PLANTS
1696:767392
1683:271830
1657:110971
1644:229444
1618:110971
1549:
1541:
1496:
1387:29 May
1268:
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985:
915:Tandil
867:Prunus
822:, and
775:, and
763:, and
757:Colima
741:Puebla
733:Mexico
640:cortex
638:. The
573:cortex
569:hyphae
557:isidia
498:genus
461:found
443:morphs
377:leukos
341:. The
327:lichen
315:cortex
243:lichen
188:(1982)
1539:JSTOR
1226:[
1121:S2CID
1033:JSTOR
897:Pinus
873:Salix
837:Alnus
777:Texas
601:septa
593:ascus
524:of a
397:ascus
353:, by
92:Fungi
1758:GBIF
1709:PUHY
1678:NCBI
1626:GBIF
1547:PMID
1494:PMID
1389:2021
1266:ISBN
1230:and
1180:ISBN
983:ISBN
831:Acer
792:pine
670:and
555:nor
429:and
411:and
373:hypo
325:The
309:and
273:and
186:Krog
182:Nyl.
1529:doi
1484:hdl
1476:doi
1472:172
1446:doi
1353:doi
1152:doi
1113:doi
1109:106
1025:doi
921:of
788:oak
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