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Punctelia perreticulata

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425: 33: 59: 373:, although she did not provide a reason for this. In a 1987 publication, Gerould Wilhelm and Douglas Ladd suggested that Krog came to this decision because of "the lightly colored cortex and the presence of lecanoric acid and soredia, combined with the evident rareness of the perriticulate morphology and habitat data". They disagreed with Krog's proposed synonymy and argued that because of its distinct 392:(asexual spores) of the two species; they did not consider that the morphology of the upper face of the thallus was sufficient to clearly define the species. They concluded that both species have a widespread distribution, and can be reliably distinguished from each other only by the length of their conidia. In 2000, LongĂĄn and colleagues found differences in the upper thallus face of the two species: 468:
with farinose (mealy) or granular soredia; these sometimes co-occur with phyllidia. Phyllidia are small, leaf-like or scale-like outgrowths from a foliose thallus, which are constricted at the point of attachment and thus readily detached and dispersed by wind or animals. The
1198:
Hawksworth, David L.; Blanco, Oscar; Divakar, Pradeep K.; Ahti, Teuvo; Crespo, Ana (2008). "A first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, adopting revised generic circumscriptions and with indications of species distributions".
634:) and Central America (Guatemala and Honduras). Its true North American range is thought to be poorly understood because of historical confusions with other similar species. In South America it is known from the 428:
A closeup (30X magnification) of lobe tips. Note darkened lobe tips, scrobiculate surface texture, and some patches of soralia with granular soredia; scale bar is 1 mm.
1432: 1354: 464:) or oblong, sometimes elevated and located on ridges of the upper surface, but rarely restricted to the margins. The pseudocyphellae develop into secondary 515:
are short- or long-filiform (threadlike), usually 6.5–11 ÎŒm long (although a range of 5–15 ÎŒm has been noted) and less than 1 ÎŒm thick.
1592: 1526: 1380: 526:
are K+ (yellow), C−, KC−, P−, and UV−; for the medulla they are K−, KC+ (red), C+ (red), P−, and UV−. The cortex contains minor or trace amounts of
444:(either bark, wood, or rock). The upper surface of the thallus is grey to greenish grey, and is often marked with shallow depressions and pits ( 1468: 448:)–but not always. The lobes comprising the thallus are typically 2–4 mm (0.08–0.16 in) wide. The peripheral lobes are covered with 1023: 985: 591:, its thallus is rugulose (covered with little wrinkles) to occasionally scrobiculate and its conidia are much shorter (3–5 by 1 ÎŒm). 1602: 1587: 1039:
Szymczyk, RafaƂ; Zalewska, Anna; SzydƂowska, Justyna; Kukwa, Martin (2015). "The lichen family Parmeliaceae in Poland. IV. The genus
1617: 1612: 638:
and from Argentina. It also occurs in Australia and New Zealand. In Europe the lichen has a distribution largely restricted to
452:(a powdery deposit), which may be abundant, but not always on every lobe. In fresh specimens, the pruina gives the thallus a 226:. It occurs in Mediterranean Europe and Russia, North America, South America, Australia, and New Zealand, where it grows on 1627: 1622: 1597: 1079: 1345: 1607: 1437: 58: 1137: 1582: 1307: 1238: 1011: 642:
countries – specifically, Spain, France, and Italy – but it has also been recorded in Russia. In France,
470: 255: 153: 1246:(in French) (2nd ed.). Fontainebleau: Association française de lichĂ©nologie (a.f.l.). p. 833. 583: 305: 1554: 1518: 1447: 1372: 655: 557: 531: 374: 369: 264: 251: 908: 822: 441: 285: 1424: 440:
measures 5–10 cm (2–4 in) in diameter. It has either a close or loose attachment to its
424: 32: 1577: 1288: 1216: 1180: 1141: 1060: 886: 769: 710: 611: 607: 519: 364: 235: 231: 179: 53: 1473: 377:(a strongly textured upper surface compared with the substantially less ridged upper surface of 289: 170: 980:(2nd ed.). St. Paul, Minnesota: The American Phytopathological Society. p. 475. 1455: 1019: 981: 706: 650: 603: 551: 330: 227: 587:
is another species with soralia, a pale underside, and lecanoric acid in the medulla; unlike
565:
species with a pale lower thallus surface, and which produce gyrophoric acid in the medulla.
1460: 1278: 1270: 1258: 1208: 1172: 1133: 1052: 878: 800: 761: 635: 942:
Thell, Arne; Herber, B.; Aptroot, A.; Adler, M. T.; Feuerer, T.; KĂ€rnefelt, E. I. (2005).
661: 523: 325: 100: 408:
analysis of specimens collected from the USA and from China also support the notion that
1513: 1367: 804: 689:
have also been recorded. Although it occurs most frequently on trees, it also grows on
667: 539: 535: 478: 457: 356: 301: 259: 243: 219: 1359: 1571: 639: 45: 1292: 1220: 1184: 1145: 1064: 890: 673: 474: 405: 223: 120: 1016:
Lichens of Mexico. The Parmeliaceae – Keys, distribution and specimen descriptions
1504: 1330: 1274: 1419: 1393: 1339: 1056: 943: 342: 110: 272:
by the texture of the thallus surface, or, more reliably, by the length of its
242:
surface, marked with many shallow depressions, grooves, or pits, and sorediate
1259:"Evaluating the conservation status of epiphytic lichens of Italy: A red list" 1212: 623: 504: 473:
is white, while the thallus undersurface is a light colour, described as pale
385: 313: 90: 41: 460:
are on both the surface of the thallus and its margins. They are point-like (
690: 679: 631: 615: 527: 500: 488: 482: 347: 130: 70: 1176: 882: 626:, and extending north into eastern Canada and south into Mexico (including 1240:
Catalogue des lichens et champignons lichénicoles de France métropolitaine
1539: 1498: 1406: 1324: 619: 508: 453: 309: 1283: 381:) and differences in habitat, it should be considered a unique species. 1531: 1385: 773: 627: 512: 465: 433: 389: 273: 247: 239: 1398: 262:. A lookalike species with which it has been historically confused is 1544: 1411: 449: 393: 80: 1301: 765: 731:
Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo"
496: 423: 321: 317: 1010:
in Mexico". In Herrera-Campos, Maria; PĂ©rez-PĂ©rez, Rosa Emilia;
685: 1305: 569:
can be distinguished from these lookalikes microscopically (
1138:
10.1639/0007-2745(2003)106[0317:ANPOTS]2.0.CO;2
1120:
Aptroot, André (2003). "A new perspective on the sorediate
1098:(lichenized Ascomycetes) from Nueva Galicia, Mexico]. 1001: 999: 997: 816: 814: 324:. He promoted it to full species status in 1959 when he 856: 854: 852: 850: 848: 846: 844: 581:
is usually marked by conspicuous surface scrobicules).
1159:
van Herk, Kok; Aptroot, André (2000). "The sorediate
1088:(Ascomycetes liquenizados) de Nueva Galicia, MĂ©xico" 902: 900: 388:
corroborated this proposition based on study of the
1484: 1314: 1232: 1230: 861:Adler, M.T.; Ahti, T. (1996). "The distinction of 653:conifers. Frequent substrates include the bark of 907:LongĂĄn, A.; Barbero, M.; Gomez-Bolea, A. (2000). 748:Hale, Mason E. (1958). "The Mediterranean lichen 618:eastern North America, with a westerly range to 250:is ivory to tan towards the centre and the major 1257:Nascimbene, J.; Nimis, P.L.; Ravera, S. (2013). 511:are immersed in the surface of the thallus; the 1115: 1113: 1078:Álvarez, Isela; GuzmĂĄn–DĂĄvalos, Laura (2009). 577:has hook-like conidia), and macroscopically ( 8: 614:. It has been recorded from a large area of 304:, found growing on a rock, was collected by 791:, a new lichen genus in the Parmeliaceae". 503:and typically measure 6.5–10 by 10–13  238:. Its main distinguishing features are its 1302: 1124:(Parmeliaceae) species of North America". 1018:. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. pp. 473–474. 485:are very rarely observed in this species. 31: 20: 1282: 976:Ulloa, Miguel; Halin, Richard T. (2012). 1163:species with lecanoric acid in Europe". 944:"A preliminary phylogeographic study of 921:(Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycotina)" 821:Wilhelm, Gerould; Ladd, Douglas (1987). 268:; this lichen can be distinguished from 729:RĂ€sĂ€nen, V. (1944). "Lichenes novi I". 721: 384:Later, lichenologists MĂłnica Adler and 649:The lichen is most commonly found in 7: 1555:a081c184-cdab-475e-b3d1-1d2848c85dd9 1448:6d8cc7a3-3da9-4b75-acf2-fbc20f350d94 573:has short, rod-like conidia, while 218:is a widely distributed species of 1006:Egan, R.S.; Lendemer, J. (2016). " 978:Illustrated Dictionary of Mycology 805:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01191.x 481:, and often darker near the tips. 14: 952:inferred from rDNA ITS-sequences" 518:The expected results of standard 355:to contain species with rounded 57: 869:(Parmeliaceae, Lecanorales)". 1: 1100:Revista Mexicana de MicologĂ­a 534:, while the medulla contains 1275:10.1080/11263504.2012.748101 827:, a distinct lichen species" 341:In 1982, Norwegian botanist 1057:10.13158/heia.28.2.2015.556 959:Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 754:The Southwestern Naturalist 456:(greyish-blue) appearance. 173:) G.Wilh. & Ladd (1987) 1644: 1603:Lichens of Central America 1593:Taxa named by Veli RĂ€sĂ€nen 1237:Roux, C. et coll. (2017). 284:The lichen was originally 1588:Lichens described in 1944 1263:Plant Biosystems Research 1213:10.1017/S0024282908007329 646:is considered very rare. 316:reported discovering the 288:by Finnish lichenologist 185: 178: 159: 152: 54:Scientific classification 52: 39: 30: 23: 1618:Lichens of North America 909:"Comparative studies on 793:Nordic Journal of Botany 595:Distribution and habitat 351:as a segregate genus of 246:. The lower side of the 1346:Punctelia perreticulata 1316:Punctelia perreticulata 863:Punctelia perreticulata 825:Punctelia perreticulata 703:Punctelia perreticulata 600:Punctelia perreticulata 567:Punctelia perreticulata 493:Punctelia perreticulata 438:Punctelia perreticulata 270:Punctelia perreticulata 215:Punctelia perreticulata 163:Punctelia perreticulata 25:Punctelia perreticulata 1613:Lichens of New Zealand 1177:10.1006/lich.1999.0261 883:10.1006/lich.1996.0041 787:Krog, Hildur (1982). " 750:Parmelia perreticulata 429: 410:Parmelia perreticulata 361:Parmelia perreticulata 345:created the new genus 336:Parmelia perreticulata 201:Parmelia perreticulata 644:P. perreticulata 589:P. perreticulata 579:P. perreticulata 427: 398:P. perreticulata 204:(RĂ€sĂ€nen) Hale (1959) 145:P. perreticulata 1628:Lichens of Venezuela 1623:Lichens of Argentina 1598:Lichens of Australia 705:was included on the 656:Juniperus virginiana 370:Punctelia subrudecta 265:Punctelia subrudecta 252:secondary metabolite 1486:Parmelia duboscqii 1012:Nash III, Thomas H. 752:in central Texas". 520:chemical spot tests 915:P. perrireticulata 711:endangered species 575:P. subrudecta 558:P. subrudecta 430: 414:P. subrudecta 402:P. subrudecta 379:P. subrudecta 294:Parmelia duboscqii 276:(asexual spores). 189:Parmelia duboscqii 1608:Lichens of Europe 1565: 1564: 1456:Open Tree of Life 1308:Taxon identifiers 1201:The Lichenologist 1165:The Lichenologist 1025:978-3-443-58089-6 987:978-0-89054-400-6 911:Punctelia borreri 871:The Lichenologist 707:Regional Red List 584:Punctelia jeckeri 552:Punctelia caseana 495:number eight per 412:is distinct from 359:. She considered 312:, Italy in 1936. 211: 210: 16:Species of lichen 1635: 1558: 1557: 1548: 1547: 1535: 1534: 1522: 1521: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1489: 1477: 1476: 1464: 1463: 1451: 1450: 1441: 1440: 1428: 1427: 1415: 1414: 1402: 1401: 1389: 1388: 1376: 1375: 1363: 1362: 1350: 1349: 1348: 1335: 1334: 1333: 1303: 1297: 1296: 1286: 1254: 1248: 1247: 1245: 1234: 1225: 1224: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1156: 1150: 1149: 1117: 1108: 1107: 1075: 1069: 1068: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1003: 992: 991: 973: 967: 966: 956: 939: 933: 932: 904: 895: 894: 858: 839: 838: 818: 809: 808: 784: 778: 777: 745: 739: 738: 726: 636:Venezuelan Andes 328:it in the genus 306:Camillo Sbarbaro 205: 197: 165: 62: 61: 35: 21: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1636: 1634: 1633: 1632: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1553: 1551: 1543: 1538: 1530: 1525: 1517: 1512: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1487: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1459: 1454: 1446: 1444: 1436: 1431: 1423: 1418: 1410: 1405: 1397: 1392: 1384: 1379: 1371: 1366: 1358: 1353: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1310: 1300: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1243: 1236: 1235: 1228: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1119: 1118: 1111: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1026: 1005: 1004: 995: 988: 975: 974: 970: 954: 941: 940: 936: 906: 905: 898: 860: 859: 842: 820: 819: 812: 786: 785: 781: 766:10.2307/3669053 747: 746: 742: 728: 727: 723: 719: 709:of Italy as an 699: 662:Juniperus ashei 597: 571:P. caesana 548: 546:Similar species 532:chloroatranorin 458:Pseudocyphellae 422: 396:was present in 357:pseudocyphellae 282: 244:pseudocyphellae 203: 195: 174: 167: 161: 148: 101:Lecanoromycetes 56: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1641: 1639: 1631: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1590: 1585: 1583:Lichen species 1580: 1570: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1560: 1559: 1549: 1536: 1523: 1510: 1494: 1492: 1482: 1481: 1479: 1478: 1465: 1452: 1442: 1429: 1416: 1403: 1390: 1377: 1364: 1351: 1336: 1320: 1318: 1312: 1311: 1306: 1299: 1298: 1269:(4): 898–904. 1249: 1226: 1190: 1171:(3): 233–246. 1151: 1132:(2): 317–319. 1126:The Bryologist 1109: 1102:(in Spanish). 1092:Flavopunctelia 1082:Flavopunctelia 1070: 1051:(2): 556–566. 1031: 1024: 993: 986: 968: 946:Flavopunctelia 934: 896: 877:(5): 431–436. 840: 810: 799:(3): 287–292. 779: 740: 720: 718: 715: 698: 695: 668:Pinus echinata 596: 593: 561:are two other 547: 544: 540:lichen product 536:lecanoric acid 421: 418: 400:and absent in 281: 278: 260:lecanoric acid 222:in the family 220:foliose lichen 209: 208: 207: 206: 198: 196:RĂ€sĂ€nen (1944) 183: 182: 176: 175: 168: 157: 156: 150: 149: 142: 140: 136: 135: 128: 124: 123: 118: 114: 113: 108: 104: 103: 98: 94: 93: 88: 84: 83: 78: 74: 73: 68: 64: 63: 50: 49: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1640: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1556: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1500: 1496: 1495: 1493: 1491: 1490:perreticulata 1483: 1475: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1443: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1341: 1337: 1332: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1253: 1250: 1242: 1241: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1155: 1152: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1074: 1071: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1035: 1032: 1027: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1002: 1000: 998: 994: 989: 983: 979: 972: 969: 964: 960: 953: 951: 947: 938: 935: 931:(2): 367–378. 930: 926: 922: 920: 919:P. subrudecta 916: 912: 903: 901: 897: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 867:P. subrudecta 864: 857: 855: 853: 851: 849: 847: 845: 841: 837:(1): 249–250. 836: 832: 828: 826: 817: 815: 811: 806: 802: 798: 794: 790: 783: 780: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 744: 741: 736: 732: 725: 722: 716: 714: 712: 708: 704: 696: 694: 692: 688: 687: 682: 681: 676: 675: 670: 669: 664: 663: 658: 657: 652: 647: 645: 641: 640:Mediterranean 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 594: 592: 590: 586: 585: 580: 576: 572: 568: 564: 560: 559: 554: 553: 545: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 516: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 490: 486: 484: 480: 476: 472: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 435: 426: 419: 417: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 382: 380: 376: 372: 371: 366: 362: 358: 354: 350: 349: 344: 339: 337: 333: 332: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 302:type specimen 299: 298:perreticulata 295: 291: 287: 279: 277: 275: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 216: 202: 199: 194: 193:perreticulata 190: 187: 186: 184: 181: 177: 172: 166: 164: 158: 155: 154:Binomial name 151: 147: 146: 141: 138: 137: 134: 133: 129: 126: 125: 122: 119: 116: 115: 112: 109: 106: 105: 102: 99: 96: 95: 92: 89: 86: 85: 82: 79: 76: 75: 72: 69: 66: 65: 60: 55: 51: 47: 46:Massachusetts 43: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 19: 1485: 1315: 1284:10447/610973 1266: 1262: 1252: 1239: 1204: 1200: 1193: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1085: 1081: 1073: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1034: 1015: 1007: 977: 971: 962: 958: 949: 945: 937: 928: 924: 918: 914: 910: 874: 870: 866: 862: 834: 830: 824: 796: 792: 788: 782: 760:(1/4): 212. 757: 753: 749: 743: 734: 733:(in Latin). 730: 724: 702: 700: 697:Conservation 684: 678: 674:Quercus ilex 672: 666: 660: 654: 648: 643: 599: 598: 588: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 556: 550: 549: 517: 492: 487: 461: 445: 437: 431: 413: 409: 406:Phylogenetic 401: 397: 383: 378: 368: 360: 352: 346: 340: 335: 329: 297: 293: 290:Veli RĂ€sĂ€nen 283: 269: 263: 224:Parmeliaceae 214: 213: 212: 200: 192: 188: 162: 160: 144: 143: 131: 121:Parmeliaceae 24: 18: 1420:NatureServe 1394:iNaturalist 1340:Wikispecies 1207:(1): 1–21. 671:, although 612:lignicolous 608:corticolous 538:as a major 499:; they are 446:scrobicules 420:Description 343:Hildur Krog 320:in central 111:Lecanorales 40:Growing on 1572:Categories 965:: 115–122. 737:(3): 1–34. 717:References 651:old-growth 624:California 604:saxicolous 489:Ascospores 462:punctiform 386:Teuvo Ahti 375:morphology 365:synonymous 326:recombined 314:Mason Hale 91:Ascomycota 87:Division: 42:pitch pine 1578:Punctelia 1505:Q59558817 1355:AusLichen 1331:Q10646757 1161:Punctelia 1122:Punctelia 1096:Punctelia 1086:Punctelia 1041:Punctelia 1008:Punctelia 950:Punctelia 925:Mycotaxon 831:Mycotaxon 789:Punctelia 701:In 2013, 691:siliceous 680:Cupressus 632:Zacatecas 616:temperate 563:Punctelia 528:atranorin 501:ellipsoid 483:Apothecia 442:substrate 348:Punctelia 286:described 139:Species: 132:Punctelia 77:Kingdom: 71:Eukaryota 1540:MycoBank 1514:Fungorum 1499:Wikidata 1425:2.121345 1407:MycoBank 1368:Fungorum 1360:30023248 1325:Wikidata 1293:86320711 1221:84927575 1185:84335673 1146:85945823 1106:: 15–29. 1065:56327944 1045:Herzogia 1014:(eds.). 891:84136576 620:Colorado 509:pycnidia 479:creamish 454:glaucous 353:Parmelia 331:Parmelia 310:Spotorno 280:Taxonomy 180:Synonyms 117:Family: 67:Domain: 1532:3407261 1386:2605228 774:3669053 628:Jalisco 602:can be 522:in the 513:conidia 471:medulla 466:soralia 434:thallus 390:conidia 274:conidia 256:medulla 254:in the 248:thallus 240:thallus 171:RĂ€sĂ€nen 127:Genus: 107:Order: 97:Class: 1552:NZOR: 1545:373859 1519:373859 1469:PLANTS 1461:311547 1445:NZOR: 1438:288886 1412:129395 1399:203090 1373:129395 1291:  1219:  1183:  1144:  1063:  1022:  984:  889:  772:  693:rock. 683:, and 665:, and 524:cortex 507:. The 450:pruina 394:pruina 363:to be 300:. The 48:, USA 1289:S2CID 1244:(PDF) 1217:S2CID 1181:S2CID 1142:S2CID 1090:[ 1061:S2CID 955:(PDF) 887:S2CID 770:JSTOR 497:ascus 367:with 322:Texas 318:taxon 296:var. 234:, or 228:rocks 191:var. 81:Fungi 1527:GBIF 1488:var. 1474:PUPE 1433:NCBI 1381:GBIF 1094:and 1020:ISBN 982:ISBN 948:and 917:and 865:and 686:Olea 630:and 622:and 555:and 530:and 475:buff 432:The 236:wood 232:bark 1279:hdl 1271:doi 1267:147 1209:doi 1173:doi 1134:doi 1130:106 1053:doi 1043:". 879:doi 801:doi 762:doi 610:or 491:of 477:to 436:of 334:as 308:in 292:as 258:is 44:in 1574:: 1542:: 1529:: 1516:: 1501:: 1471:: 1458:: 1435:: 1422:: 1409:: 1396:: 1383:: 1370:: 1357:: 1342:: 1327:: 1287:. 1277:. 1265:. 1261:. 1229:^ 1215:. 1205:40 1203:. 1179:. 1169:32 1167:. 1140:. 1128:. 1112:^ 1104:29 1084:y 1059:. 1049:28 1047:. 996:^ 963:41 961:. 957:. 929:74 927:. 923:. 913:, 899:^ 885:. 875:28 873:. 843:^ 835:27 833:. 829:. 813:^ 795:. 768:. 756:. 735:20 713:. 677:, 659:, 606:, 542:. 505:ÎŒm 416:. 404:. 338:. 230:, 1295:. 1281:: 1273:: 1223:. 1211:: 1187:. 1175:: 1148:. 1136:: 1080:" 1067:. 1055:: 1028:. 990:. 893:. 881:: 823:" 807:. 803:: 797:2 776:. 764:: 758:3 169:(

Index


pitch pine
Massachusetts
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Parmeliaceae
Punctelia
Binomial name
RÀsÀnen
Synonyms
foliose lichen
Parmeliaceae
rocks
bark
wood
thallus
pseudocyphellae
thallus
secondary metabolite
medulla
lecanoric acid
Punctelia subrudecta
conidia
described
Veli RÀsÀnen

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