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The purple-throated mountain-gem breeds between
October and April, the rainy season. The female is entirely responsible for nest building, incubation, and nestling care. The nest is a thick-walled open cup of plant fibers with moss and lichen on the outside. It is placed in the understory, on bamboo
391:
Adult females of the nominate subspecies have bright metallic green upperparts that are somewhat bluish on the uppertail coverts and a bit bronzish elsewhere. The face is mostly blackish. The throat, breast, and belly are tawny yellow and the undertail coverts dull white to tawny buff. The central
596:
has assessed the purple-throated mountaingem as being of Least
Concern. Its population is estimated to be between 50,000 and 500,000 mature individuals but is thought to be decreasing. No specific threats have been identified. Though some of its habitat has been altered by humans, much remains
371:
The purple-throated mountaingem is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 4.5 to 6 g (0.16 to 0.21 oz). Both sexes of all subspecies have a medium-length straight black bill, a white to pale buff stripe behind the eye, and a fairly long tail.
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have a deeper purple gorget than the nominate. The green of their neck and upperatail coverts is significantly darker than the nominates, and their belly and undertail coverts are also darker, with a smaller area of metallic green on the breast.
483:
The purple-throated mountaingem feeds mostly on nectar. Males defend patches of flowers from other hummingbird species, from males of its own species, and also from females after courtship. Females are less territorial and often feed by
410:
are similar to those of the nominate but have a darker gray breast and belly. Females' upperparts are more bluish green than the nominate's, their central tail feathers darker bronze-green, and their underparts darker and more reddish.
348:) as a single species. Others have kept the purple-throated separate but lumped the other two as a single species. These three species form a closely related group that evolved some 3.5 million years ago and has diversified since.
387:
is metallic violet or purple. The breast is bright metallic green with duller flanks and belly that tend to bronzy green or gray. The undertail coverts are deep bronzy gray with paler gray margins. The tail is dull blue-black.
462:, where it favors steep slopes and broken terrain. In central Costa Rica it ranges in elevation from 1,200 to 2,500 m (3,900 to 8,200 ft) and is found as low as 800 m (2,600 ft) in northern Costa Rica.
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or in a small tree, and typically about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two white eggs for 17 to 18 days and fledging occurs 22 to 23 days after hatch.
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14 to 21 mm (0.55 to 0.83 in) long by 3.5 to 8 mm (0.14 to 0.31 in) wide, females far more often than males utilize plants with longer and thinner corollas.
379:
have a glittering emerald green to bluish green forehead and crown. The rest of their upperparts are metallic bronze-green that shades to bluish or grass green on the uppertail
395:
Immature males of the nominate subspecies are much like the adult female, but with a dusky chin and throat and brownish gray undertail coverts with dull white margins.
392:
tail feathers and the upper half of the others are dull metallic green or bronze green. The lower half of the outer tail feathers are mostly black with pale gray tips.
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The purple-throated mountaingem's song is "high, thin, and dry, a complex medley of sputtering and warbling notes." A frequently heard call is variously described as "
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GarcĂa-Moreno, Jaime; CortĂ©s, NandadevĂ; GarcĂa-Deras, Gabriela M.; Hernández-Baños, Blanca E. (2006). "Local origin and diversification among
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untouched, and "studies attest to the strong resiliency of Purple-throated
Mountain-gem populations in the face of habitat alteration."
1124:. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club: Number 7. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nuttall Ornithological Club. pp. 45–50.
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The purple-throated mountaingem's taxonomy is somewhat unsettled. As late as 1999 various authors have treated it, the
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In some areas the purple-throated mountaingem moves to as low as 300 m (980 ft) after the breeding season.
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953:), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (T. S. Schulenberg, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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from a perch. Females hover-glean, often beating their wings against foliage which apparently flushes prey.
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905:
Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife
International digital checklist of the birds of the world
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Composite showing the effect of light reflection on colors of male's gorget, Mount
Totumas cloud forest,
1249:
584:." It also gives "higher-pitched, scratchy, chattering notes" when interacting with other hummingbirds.
511:
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The purple-throated mountaingem currently (2022) is its own species with three subspecies, the nominate
221:
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Like most hummingbirds, the purple-throated mountaingem also feeds on insectes. Males capture them by
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http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip
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The species takes nectar from a wide variety of flowers. It is the primary pollinator of
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1076:"The role of flower width in hummingbird bill length-flower length relationships"
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of purple-throated mountaingem is found from far southwestern
Nicaragua to the
1410:
1034:
Fenster, Charles B. (1991). "Selection on Floral
Morphology by Hummingbirds".
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Temeles, E.J.; Linhart, Y.B.; Masonjones, M.; Masonjones, H.D. (2002).
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Females have slightly longer bills than males. There is some degree of
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Fogden, Michael; Taylor, Marianne; Williamson, Sheri L. (2014).
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Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2022).
833:}}: |volume= / |doi= mismatch, |date= / |doi= mismatch (
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between the sexes. Though both prefer flowers with a
1137:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. pp. 226–227.
1426:
1178:
558:
Listen to purple-throated mountaingem on xeno-canto
816:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22729036A167019920.en
1122:Life Histories of Central American Highland Birds
949:Peters, J. (2020). Purple-throated Mountain-gem (
383:. Much of the face is dusky bronze green and the
1008:Hummingbirds: A Life-size Guide to Every Species
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1160:Purple-throated Mountain-Gem photo gallery
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451:and probably also in southern Costa Rica.
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427:in northwestern Costa Rica. The nominate
1534:Birds of the Talamancan montane forests
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747:Up to c.20 times as long as wide, e.g.
728:Up to c.40 mm (1.6 in), e.g.
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375:Adult males of the nominate subspecies
903:HBW and BirdLife International (2020)
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973:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
971:hummingbirds: A Mesoamerican taxon".
955:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.ptmgem.01
689:). Other foodplants include assorted
7:
439:of northern and central Costa Rica.
1519:IUCN Red List least concern species
1010:. HarperCollins. pp. 308–309.
802:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
454:The species inhabits humid montane
1135:A Guide to the Birds of Costa Rica
1095:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2002.tb00243.x
576:" or "a sharp, penetrating, buzzy
14:
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443:is found in western Panama from
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791:BirdLife International (2020).
1118:"Purple-throated mountain-gem"
793:"Purple-throated Mountain-gem
1:
650:Stenostephanus blepharorachis
1162:at VIREO (Drexel University)
24:Purple-throated mountaingem
1544:Taxa named by Osbert Salvin
985:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.08.015
292:purple-throated mountaingem
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334:white-throated mountaingem
907:Version 5. Available at:
809:: e.T22729036A167019920.
435:and northern part of the
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109:Scientific classification
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676:Palicourea lasiorrhachis
425:Cordillera de Guanacaste
415:Distribution and habitat
328:Taxonomy and systematics
1539:Birds described in 1865
500:Palicourea lasiorrachis
437:Cordillera de Talamanca
342:gray-tailed mountaingem
760:Burmeistera tenuiflora
731:Guzmania nicaraguensis
16:Species of hummingbird
957:retrieved 18 May 2022
911:retrieved 27 May 2021
512:niche differentiation
1416:Lampornis-calolaemus
1210:Lampornis calolaemus
1180:Lampornis calolaemus
1131:Skutch, Alexander F.
1114:Skutch, Alexander F.
951:Lampornis calolaemus
849:"Appendices | CITES"
795:Lampornis calolaemus
406:Males of subspecies
398:Males of subspecies
297:Lampornis calolaemus
231:Lampornis calolaemus
883:IOC World Bird List
750:Dicliptera trifurca
708:Psammisia ramiflora
273:Lampornis calolaema
62:Conservation status
38:Male in Costa Rica
1529:Birds of Nicaragua
1428:Oreopyra calolaema
433:Coreillera Central
338:L. castaneoventris
300:) is a species of
213:L. calolaemus
1506:
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1491:Open Tree of Life
1385:Open Tree of Life
1172:Taxon identifiers
1144:978-0-8014-9600-4
1129:Stiles, F. Gary;
1017:978-0-06-228064-0
666:Besleria triflora
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312:. It is found in
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456:evergreen forest
431:is found in the
429:L. c. calolaemus
421:L. c. pectoralis
400:L. c. pectoralis
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357:L. c. pectoralis
353:L. c. calolaemus
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1359:Neotropical
1307:iNaturalist
1204:Wikispecies
889:January 15,
755:Acanthaceae
655:Acanthaceae
486:trap-lining
460:cloudforest
419:Subspecies
367:Description
310:Trochilinae
302:hummingbird
189:Trochilidae
179:Apodiformes
95:Appendix II
1513:Categories
1411:Xeno-canto
1083:Biotropica
1036:Biotropica
858:2022-01-14
775:References
314:Costa Rica
54:Costa Rica
52:Female in
1524:Lampornis
1443:Q41009851
969:Lampornis
853:cites.org
831:cite iucn
703:Ericaceae
687:Rubiaceae
505:Rubiaceae
318:Nicaragua
304:in tribe
256:Range of
207:Species:
200:Lampornis
169:Strisores
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
1437:Wikidata
1398:Species+
1338:22729036
1237:22729036
1232:BirdLife
1189:Wikidata
1133:(1989).
1116:(1967).
993:16257241
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529:Breeding
471:Movement
466:Behavior
265:Synonyms
185:Family:
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
1496:7663339
1483:1149820
1470:9066509
1299:2476738
1219:Avibase
1195:Q838353
1056:2388696
601:Gallery
523:hawking
516:corolla
479:Feeding
381:coverts
241:, 1865)
195:Genus:
175:Order:
152:Class:
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705:(e.g.
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588:Status
385:gorget
359:, and
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322:Panama
320:, and
279:lapsus
239:Salvin
1457:8KD6P
1281:eBird
1273:3S3HF
1257:BOW:
1250:98064
1079:(PDF)
1052:JSTOR
635:Notes
574:trrrt
163:Clade
99:CITES
93:CITES
1478:ITIS
1465:GBIF
1403:3845
1346:NCBI
1333:IUCN
1320:ITIS
1312:5840
1294:GBIF
1245:BOLD
1139:ISBN
1012:ISBN
989:PMID
891:2022
835:help
824:2022
807:2020
715:and
679:and
663:and
594:IUCN
592:The
582:zeep
578:zeet
497:and
458:and
290:The
156:Aves
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